Now, as before, many of us are accustomed not to be offended, not to react to negative little things that try to piss us off, to somehow hurt us greatly. And it seems that this is correct, but there are situations, at first glance absolutely comical, when the offense becomes so unbearable, acute and understandable only to the offended person. And if you listen to this offended person, you can see that behind the “laughter” there is pain and that this person is right in some way with his offense... This seems to be just a funny situation , as in the stories of Chekhov, and in the fairy tales of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin actually implies tragedy.

So in the story by V.M. Shukshina “Resentment” is an adult man, not even a man, but an uncle, Sashka Ermolaev was offended that the saleswoman in the store mistook him for some drunkard who had caused a “brawl” in the store the day before. He was humiliated. Sashka was amazed that it was possible to be such an evil and indifferent person as the aunt-saleswoman, so narrow-minded, boorish and uncultured! The image of this aunt is included in the system of other impersonal images that make up a cross-section of the same aggressive society, which the urban space, the space of the store helps to create. Other minor characters united in the system are the queue in the store, the people standing in it. One of these people, an elderly man in a raincoat, is a typical city dweller, a man without a face, without a soul, adds fuel to the fire, offending Sashka even more. Later Shukshin calls his dissonant surname - Chukalov. He, Chukalov, is also filled with anger, bile, and the desire to rise by humiliating another person, in this case, Sashka, who, not coincidentally, asks him the truthful question “Why are you fawning?” The answer to this question becomes the physical strength of the son of the “sycophant,” Igor, whose image is a kind of collective embodiment of a wealthy, limited in terms of humanity, cynically indifferent urban man. Two other minor characters can be combined into a separate system: Sashka’s wife, Vera, and his small but understanding daughter, who gives her characterization to all these people in the store: “shitty aunt...”, “what lousy uncles.” And it is no coincidence that the writer refers to a child’s vision of the situation. As you know, the truth speaks through the mouth of a baby. Or maybe the hero himself, Sashka, on whose side the baby is on, also has such a child’s consciousness? If so, it means that he is a naive “eccentric”, the image beloved by Shukshchin , sincere, simple, real, open and receptive, vulnerable. The story is dominated by psychological time. The hero’s resentment here is felt to be equivalent to a childish, but serious resentment, which also emerges as a separate image in the story. The dynamics of the hero’s psychological sensations, the feeling of resentment, are acutely felt becomes more and more stronger and is equated to physiological pain, that is, this resentment is so palpable!: “the resentment pushed into the chest like a fist” - this metaphor revives the Resentment, the writer uses the technique of anthropomorphization. “It makes his jaw cramp from the resentment,” “his face was burning” “His jaw tightened again, his lips trembled”, “and he was shaking all morning, he was shaking, he was shaking again”, “he was shaking again”, “a tear welled up” - resentment grows in the hero’s soul, and at the end of the story we see catharsis, a climax this resentment. The hero’s speech corresponds to his state at that moment, it is emotional, abrupt, not always clear: “he stands... and starts - for no reason, no reason... for what?” Ellipses, repetitions “I wasn’t in the store yesterday, “wasn’t” indicate Sashka’s strong confusion. Childish naivety, sensitivity, some kind of sincere faith, the desire to prove to himself and others that he was right is demonstrated by the act of going to Chukalov. “Maybe he’s lonely...” - Sashka thinks. Even though he is very strong insulted him, the main character tries to understand why he became such a sycophant, hopes that he has an excuse for such behavior. Sashka is a “weirdo”, a person who to some extent has a child’s consciousness, a heightened sense of justice and sincerity. Shukshin continues to develop the theme of the “little man” in literature, based on Gogol’s and Pushkin’s traditions, because all of this city society is against Sashka the weirdo, and the main character remains with Shukshin’s concept of semi-culture, when a village man moves to the city, he seems to become a village resident, but not to the point of end. And here such a person turns out to be better than urban personalities.

The story combines several similar types of compositions: frame, circular and retrospective, the dialogues are distinguished by dynamism and liveliness, lack of edification, the focus is on a simple man-eccentric. We know Shukshin as a master of “village prose”, in his works there is openness, simplicity and vulnerability, as in the story "The Resentment" they characterize a simple person who is close to rural folk culture, who is sharply contrasted with a city resident. The writer addresses the problems of lack of humanity, spirituality in urban society, problems of low morality of people, sycophancy, callousness, indifference. There is an image in the work a narrator who every now and then voices these problems: “What is going on with people?” But to reveal all this, Shukshin did not need to use a medium or large form of narration; the genre story succinctly and clearly denotes one storyline that can be traced with the hero’s state of mind .Deep Chekhovian psychologism, hidden humor, irony combined with the drama of the problem are concentrated in this story.

Subject : “There are no uninteresting people in the world...” (based on the story by V.M. Shukshin “The Resentment.”)

Target:

Introduce students to the biography of the writer.

Reading and understanding the story by V.M. Shukshin “The Resentment.”

Development of creative and analytical abilities, communication skills.

Educational goal: To draw students’ attention to today’s relevant and at the same time eternal problems of spirituality and morality. To cultivate in children the properties of the human soul: kindness, justice, love for people, self-esteem.

Leading reception: Analytical conversation

Equipment: Portrait of V.M. Shukshina ( slide number 2).

. Exhibition of the writer's works(Epigraph for the lesson )

slide number 3

During the classes

I. Organizational moment

II. Invoking the emotional mood of students to perceive the story.

Appeal to the epigraph. 1.

How do you understand the meaning of the word “resentment?”

And here’s what Ozhegov’s dictionary tells us: Resentment

– 1. Unfairly caused grief, insult, and also caused by this feeling.

2. 2. About an unfortunate offensive incident (colloquial)

Guys, what do you feel and do if someone offends you?

What does this reaction depend on?

3. (Feelings, indignation, anger, they get upset, upset, withdraw into themselves, someone tries to prove that they are right, someone stops talking to the person who offended them, someone is rude).

How do you think you should behave if someone has wronged you unfairly?

OPINIONS

Restore justice, respond in kind, stop this

figure out why the relationship with you is such a person.

4. arrived.

Can you tell from the title what the content of the story will be?Can you tell from the title what the content of the story will be? I

I. Introductory speech by the teacher about the writer

Russian writers in their best works urge us to be kinder, more merciful, and more cordial towards each other. One of these writers was V.M. Shukshin. He flashed on the horizon of culture as a dazzlingly pure, bright star, a truly fabulous scattering of talents. A novelist, playwright, an amazing, unique artist who knows how to tell a piercing, so necessary truth about an ordinary person that millions of hearts froze in one impulse. V.M. Shukshin was given such happiness. He strove to know the soul of the people, to merge with it in indissoluble unity. It is impossible to understand V.M. Shukshin without his blood connection with his native village, his home, with his mother, whom he loved with incredible filial love. He was always eager to return to his homeland in Srostki.

In his confession, V.M. Shukshin said: “Whenever they say Altai, you’ll shudder. When I’m dying, if I’m conscious, at the last moment I’ll have time to think about my mother, my children, my homeland that lives inside me. I have nothing more expensive.” He looks like his homeland, it is embodied in him, the spitting image of his native side. Shukshin's heroes are people who live simply, naturally, without doing harm to others. But their desire to do “the best for people” constantly runs into a wall of misunderstanding, alienation, even hostility. The author shows that true kindness and morality cannot disappear. Creativity V.M. Shukshina calls for discussion and argument. I would like to awaken your interest in his films and his books.

Writer Valentin Rasputin identifies a fundamental line in Shukshin’s work: “Be human.” Shukshin's talent is, first of all, the voice of a seeking conscience. The moral health of modern society is the subject of especially painful thoughts of the writer: ( slide number 4 )

The main thing for Shukshin is not where a person lives, but how he lives and what kind of person he is ( slide number 5).

2. Did your idea of ​​the title and content of the story change after hearing it? (Obviously, the hero of the story will behave unusually, will find out that the offenders are wrong, or will forgive the offense, or will beat the offender).

Let's move on to the analysis of the story “The Resentment.” The story seems to be about nothing. They mistook a man for a drunk in a store, treated him disrespectfully, and then even beat one of the drunks so as not to “arise.” We have divided the story “Resentment” into 6 parts.

IV. Reading and understanding the story.

Reading Part I

Find and read the “key” words in this part.

What literary character comes to mind when you read these words?

What problem is posed in the introductory part of the story?

What does this introduction prepare us for?

Conclusion: So, the hero was offended. While we don't know who? Where? Why?, but the hero is named Sashka Ermolaev.

Who could offend Sasha?

(Anyone: classmates, parents, on the street, doctor, wife, etc.).

Reading Part II

Guys, were your assumptions about the further events of the story confirmed?

Why does the story take place in the store?

What is our hero likely to do? Why do you think so?

Conclusion: This episode has a cliffhanger. The development of the action will be associated with the moral choice of the hero. (A visit to the director will not solve the problem).

Reading Part III

Were your assumptions confirmed?

1. What was not confirmed? Why?

2. What is the psychological state of the hero in this episode?

3. Why don’t the head of the department and the saleswoman understand Sashka? (Their range of life values ​​does not include such concepts as honor, dignity, respect for a person. He will not prove anything to such people).

4. What should a hero do?

- What will he do?

- Why do you think so?

Conclusion: Sashka continues to believe that there will be witnesses.

Reading Part IV

Please tell me which of your assumptions were confirmed?

The man in the cloak?

2. How does Sashka feel when he finds himself in front of a line that is hostile to him?

3. Why are the words of Sashka’s little daughter repeated several times in the story?

Conclusion: The only creature that feels Sashka’s condition. In her own way, like a child, she is ready to protect, sympathize, support with words, the child gives a moral assessment of what is happening, but what can you explain to people who do not hear you.

4. What are the possible further options in the hero’s behavior? (Leave, beat up the man in the cloak, talk to him).

Independent reading of Part V

- work in pairs

Formulate questions for this episode to better understand the character of the hero?

Why did Sashka decide to talk to the “man in the cloak?”

What feelings do you have for this person?

Why didn't you tell your wife anything?

Why did Sashka decide to go to this man?

Conclusion: Sashka has a great need for justice and a great faith in it. The ability to root for other people, for all of humanity.

Reading Part VI

Tell me, what impression does this episode make?

How is Chukalov portrayed?

Why didn’t Chukalov notice Sashka’s “calm, intelligent” attitude?

Conclusion: The hero was just worried about all of humanity, and now he is ready to raise his hand against a person. The resentment is strong, the terrible anger of powerlessness. What to do if you are not understood well?

- independent work

Try to write a possible ending to the story. Try to take into account the logic of the characters and the author’s position. (discussion).

Teacher reading the finale

What was your impression of the finale?

Has Sashka come to terms with rudeness and injustice?

Find in the text the question that worries Sasha most?

Is this question important today?

Guys, let's return to the epigraph, how does it relate to our story? ( slide №7 )

V. Teacher's summary

In the story “The Resentment” we are talking about an ordinary everyday incident, which each of us can be a witness or participant in at any moment: in transport, in a store, in any institution. This, unfortunately, has become an everyday reality. Our hero is restless, with a keen sense of justice, he is simple, open, he is an inconspicuous “little” person, but he thinks about big problems, but he is not able to solve all the problems: “I am interested in the investigative character of a person - not a dogmatist, a person who has not been imprisoned on the science of behavior, such a person is impulsive, gives in to impulses, and, therefore, is extremely natural, but he always has a reasonable soul,” wrote V.M. Shukshin. We live among angry, aggressive, rude people. And rudeness, unfortunately, becomes the norm of behavior and communication. Involuntarily, you ask the same question as Vasily Makarovich Shukshin: “People, what is happening to us?” Yes, what is happening to us? Where are we going? In this frantic pace of life, you probably definitely need to find a moment and remember a simple truth: you have to be human... Faith in the humane principles of life, faith in the strength of man, the opportunity to defeat evil prompted Shukshin to write a story. Shukshin absolutely convinces us that “there are no uninteresting people in the world” ( slide number 9 ).

VSH. Homework (slide number 10 ).

Analysis of V. Shukshin’s work “Resentment”

There is probably no such person whom someone would not offend. Of course, each of us has been in a situation where we hear groundless accusations or even insults from another person... But is it worth worrying about? Or can you just smile at your offender?

"Resentment." This is the name of V. Shukshin’s work. And from a short, simple, familiar word, the reader can already get some idea of ​​the story.

The image of resentment is the main, central one in the work. Therefore, the author already indicates it in the title. However, he is presented not just as a feeling that gripped the hero, but rather as a living being. The author uses the technique of personification to endow the image of resentment with human qualities: “pushed in the chest like a fist.” This is also a metaphor that conveys how suddenly and quickly the hero was overcome by a feeling of resentment and remained with him until the last word of the story. The entire work is based on the technique of gradation. Therefore, the feeling of resentment develops, intensifies with every action: “pushed” - “his jaw was cramping from resentment” - “his face was burning” - “his lips were shaking” - “he was shaking again” - “his jaw was cramping again.” The repetition of “again” depicts an ever-increasing sense of resentment. This gives dynamism and speed to the work. The author does not reveal the hero’s inner world, his emotional experiences during the moments of waves of resentment, however, through physiological sensations, through psychological gestures, the reader can easily understand and feel the hero’s state, can feel his pain. It is presented so vividly and in detail that we involuntarily imagine ourselves in the place of the hero or become witnesses, spectators of what is happening. This is a unique technique of empathy that the author uses: transferring the grievance as if it were his own. And the reader is also imbued with this feeling of insult.

The whole work seems to be permeated with various sensations: “as if he had been slapped in the face” or a feeling of conspiracy (“some kind of conspiracy!”). They help the reader to see even better the picture depicted in the work and feel the situation in which the characters find themselves.

The sense of conspiracy plays an important role. As if all people share one point of view that does not coincide with the opinion of the hero, and are very aggressive towards him. The image of the queue symbolizes this crowd of people, a gray mass. These include more detailed, vivid images of the “gray cloak”, “aunt” and the head of the department. They are contrasted with the main character - Sashka. However, the queue did not appear immediately. The author again uses the technique of ascending gradation: first the image of the aunt appears, then the aunt and the head of the department, then the aunt, the head of the department and the “butcher guy,” and only then the queue. Then that same painful feeling of conspiracy arises.

The image of “one elderly man in a raincoat” is at the head of this queue and embodies all its characteristic features. Even the surname of this hero (Chukalov) is somehow dissonant. The author reifies it, calling it a “cloak” (“the cloak stopped”). This is a typical city dweller: a man without a soul, without a face. He is like everyone else, and people like him prevail in society. The author raises the problem of sycophancy and servility. The main character does not understand and does not share the position of these people. In their eyes he is a weirdo. This is a special type of hero, a person not of this world. His behavior is unconventional and not understandable to others. He is akin to the holy fool: he is also not like other people, the attitude towards him is sometimes unfair, however, as you know, his lips speak the truth. So the author’s position completely coincides with Sashka’s position. V. Shukshin addresses the theme of a little man in the form of a weirdo, continuing the traditions started by Pushkin and Gogol. The indifference to the main character of the people standing in line, their anger and aggression towards him clearly illustrates this problem.

The image of the “gray cloak” is inextricably linked with the image of the “aunt”. There is a clear connection between them. The way these characters are characterized is through their speech. The saleswoman speaks sternly and angrily. The speech also portrays the heroine as an undeveloped, uneducated, narrow-minded woman (“flesh”). All her gestures and actions speak of her evil character (“her eyes flashed with anger”). She herself creates a tense atmosphere by raising her voice at the main character (“aunt raised her voice, inviting other saleswomen to a scandal”). The aggressive behavior of the “aunt” also reveals some of the character’s negative sides.

The author changes the angle of view, revealing events through the eyes of a child, depicting a child's consciousness. “What lousy guys…” says the little girl Masha about her aunt and other people in the queue. And one cannot but agree with this position. The views of the heroes Sasha and Masha are merged, and the author also shares them. On the side of the main character there is another character - his wife, who understands him perfectly. She is contrasted with the angry, aggressive people in the store. V. Shukshin points to the social conflict between them.

The space of the city, which is presented in the work, is hostile, alien, closed. The store becomes a symbol of this city. The author outlined a cross-section of society, impersonal people, looking into it (the store).

V. Shukshin’s work is distinguished by its journalistic acuteness in the formulation of problems. The narrator voices all questions and problems. The story contains many rhetorical questions that clearly illustrate this (“What kind of desire to please the seller, the official, the boss?”). Continuing the traditions of Chekhov and Zoshchenko, Shukshin hides the deepest meaning behind humor and irony, behind which the drama of the whole situation is visible. The depiction of the main character's pain can cause catharsis, that is, cleansing and enlightenment of the human soul through tears.

The work is small in volume, very concise, it presents a small number of characters, and reveals one storyline. All this gives the right to say that the genre of this creation is a story. There is usually exposition in the work, but it is very interesting and unconventional: it does not tell the backstory of the characters. The author reflects on offense and the behavior of people who were offended. The compositional structure of the story is also different. Shukshin uses elements of a ring and frame composition to separate and highlight the work. A retrospective composition depicts the narrator's memories of the events depicted, which gives them authenticity. By creating a work within the framework of realism, the author managed to show an objective picture of reality.

Rhetorical exclamation “We are shakers, shakers!” is pivotal in the story and creates maximum emotional tension. It directly addresses the reader, as indicated by the pronoun “we”. Then maybe we should think about the role of the little person in modern society and be more attentive to the people around us.

Open lesson on literature (grade 10)

"THESE ARE DIFFERENT, DIFFERENT FATES"

(Lesson on the works of V. Shukshin.

Character story "Freak".

Confessional story "Resentment")

Goals:

- analyze V. Shukshin’s stories “Freak”, “Resentment”;

Learn to see and feel a person;

Develop students' coherent speech.

Equipment:

stand “He is a rare man”, poster with a statement by V. Shukshin: “Over the course of their history, the Russian people have selected, preserved and raised to the level of respect such human qualities that cannot be revised: honesty, hard work, conscientiousness, kindness... Remember this. Be human!"

Epigraph:

Shukshin remains our conscience. He could not live “from the outside,” he burned in every image he created, his heart was aching, vulnerable...

slide number 3

1. The teacher's word.

The outstanding Soviet teacher V. A. Sukhomlinsky wrote in the book “Parental Pedagogy”: “There is such a dangerous thing - laziness of the soul. Look into your soul, whether there is a grain of this misfortune in it. If there is, throw it away, do not let it sprout into dope. Laziness of the soul is indifference to a person. You walk along the street of a crowded city, you see among the many faces of a person in whose eyes confusion and despair glanced at those unique eyes in the world, but did not convey either despair or confusion to your soul. You didn’t think that there was grief before you, perhaps the death of the whole world: after all, every human soul is a unique world. If you don’t feel this world, then you have the first signs of this disease of laziness of the soul. Look closely at everything that happens around you. Learn to see and feel a person. Remember that the most important thing in the world around you is a person..."

The main thing in Vasily Shukshin’s field of vision is people. In every story of the writer, he appears visibly, with a lot of precise everyday and psychological details. The heroes of V. Shukshin, according to the writer, are “simple people, but always caring and searching.”

2. A student’s story about the life of V. Shukshin at the stand “He is a rare man.”

Teacher: The great writer Vasily Makarovich Shukshin is not with us. But his books and his thoughts remained. And each of his stories makes us think about the serious problems of our time, about life, about human behavior, his actions. Shukshin wanted to awaken our conscience so that we would think about what was happening to us.

3. Working with the text of the story "Weirdo".

The student expressively reads an excerpt from the story “Freak”:

“He bought sweets, gingerbread, three bars of chocolate. And he stepped aside to put everything in a suitcase. He opened the suitcase on the floor, began to pack it... He looked at something: on the floor, by the counter, where the queue is, there is a people have a fifty-ruble note at their feet..."

Teacher: What story is this quote from?

The student briefly retells the content of the story “Freak”.

Teacher: Why didn’t Vasily Yegorych return for the money?

Episode "On the Plane".

Student's story.

Teacher: I didn’t want to listen to a living person. Or again: “They quickly began to descend. The reader jumped out of his seat... then found himself on the floor... Everyone around was silent - it was amazing...

The weirdo unfastened his belt and also began to look for his jaw.

This?! - he exclaimed joyfully. And he gave..."

Why is the reader indignant?

Episode "Weirdo at the Airport."

Teacher: How did Chudik compose the text of the telegram?

Episode "Creep in Brother's Town."

Teacher: How did your daughter-in-law meet Weird? (“Here it is, they say, life! Have you seen? How much anger is there in a person? How much anger! Anger..., cruelty... This is not a solution. I don’t understand: why did they become evil?”)

A student's story about how Chudik painted a baby stroller.

Episode "Conversation between brother and wife."

“Over the course of their history, the Russian people have selected, preserved, and raised to the level of respect such human qualities that are not subject to revision: honesty, hard work, conscientiousness, kindness... Remember this. Be human!” - V. Shukshin addresses us.

Deep love for people leads Shukshin to a seemingly simple thought: life will only be beautiful when people do good and make each other happy. V. Shukshin’s heightened sense of conscience, the good and the beautiful in a person is inextricably linked with the denial of complacency, rudeness, evil, and indifference.

4. Analysis of the story "Resentment".

The student retells the content of the story “The Resentment.”

Episode "In the Store".

Teacher: What does the queue have to do with Ermolaev? (Indifferent, indifferent.)

What feelings do indifferent, flat remarks evoke in the hero? (An irreconcilable reaction. They lead to reflections on the nature of human rudeness, indifference, and human life in general.)

5. Teacher: What surprised or amazed you about V. Shukshin? What is he fighting against? What kind of people does he want to see?

After reading Shukshin's stories, you begin to be more attentive to the people who surround you. How much can be revealed in a person if you take a closer look at him.

Shukshin's stories, “populated” by very different characters, are not just collections of stories. These are books about the goodness by which people live. These are books about how each person, in his own way, perhaps very difficult, comes to this truth. If he's human. His stories about people who think, suffer and are indifferent, kind and cruel, bring up the Human in us, invite us to think about ourselves, about life.

A student recites a poem about life by heart.
positions of V. M. Shukshin.
Everyone chooses for themselves
A woman, religion, a road.
To serve the devil or the prophet
Everyone chooses for themselves.
Everyone chooses for themselves
A word for love and for prayer.
A sword for a duel, a sword for battle
Everyone chooses for themselves.
Everyone chooses for themselves
Shield and armor, staff and patches.
Everyone chooses for themselves.
The measure of the final reckoning
Everyone chooses for themselves.
I also choose - as best I can.
I have no complaints against anyone.
Everyone chooses for themselves.

(Yu. Levitansky)

Teacher:“Never, not once in my life have I allowed myself to live relaxed, lounging around. Always tense, collected,” V. M. Shukshin wrote about himself.

A student recites by heart E. Yevtushenko’s poem “In Memory of Shukshin.”

Art is cozy

be a free bun

French, but you can’t feed any widows like that,

no cripples

no orphans.

Shukshin was a hunchback
with red viburnum

bitingly,

that little black one,

without which is unthinkable for the people...

When we got up

with heavy sourdough

peasant,

we are drawn to nature,

to Yesenin's pure verses.

We can't live with lies

You can’t get along in comfort anymore.

And a heart like a falcon

like a tied up Stepan Razin...

Teacher: And the slightly tired, dull voice of V. Shukshin remains in us: “We should not forget about our souls. We should be a little kinder... We only live on earth once, as it happens. Well, be more attentive to each other, kinder."

Vasily Shukshin lived with this, believed in this, preached this.

Extracurricular reading lesson in 9th grade based on a story by V.M. Shukshina "Wolves"

Pudova Lyubov Nikolaevna, Teacher of Russian language and literature

The article belongs to the section: Teaching literature

Announcement

From March 26 to April 23, 2008, the First Internet marathon of educational subjects for teachers throughout the country took place. Read and watch the materials on our website.

Over the course of their history, the Russian people have selected, preserved, and raised to the level of respect such human qualities that are not subject to revision:

honesty,

hard work,

conscientiousness,

kindness...

Remember this. Be human.

V.M.Shukshin

The purpose of the lesson:

education of moral qualities in a person;

identifying the linguistic features of Shukshin’s prose, preparing for an essay-argument

Equipment (visibility):

portraits of V.M.Shukshin,

exhibition of his books,

photocopies of the story “Wolves”,

board design (topic, epigraph).

The lesson begins with the teacher's story about V.M. Shukshina.

Amazingly talented and multi-talented - actor, screenwriter, director, writer. In 1963, a collection of his stories “Rural Residents” was published, which brought Shukshin fame. The villagers became heroes, and this is no coincidence. Vasily Makarovich himself was born and raised in the village of Srostki, Altai Territory. He never considered himself a city dweller and carried throughout his life his love for the Russian village and its inhabitants. It was here that he learned to appreciate the hard work of peasants, honesty and openness, sincerity, and simplicity.

The student reads the poem:

The village scattered in the foothills,

Where the Katun splashed brightly,

Known enough of both hardship and grief

This is an ancient village.

Here the boy tore the path,

The spicy wind inhaled from the meadows,

I was digging potatoes in the garden,

On Katun I pulled chebaks...

The region is Siberian, the landscape is discreet.

A wave hits the shore of the Katun.

Everyone in Russia knows

What are Splices –

This is Shukshin's homeland.

Life was not kind to Vasily Shukshin: in 1933, his father was arrested, as they said then, “for sabotage.” From the age of 15 I had to earn a living, and at 16 I left home. I tried to enroll in college but failed, and then served in the navy. Returning to his native village, he takes matriculation exams as an external student, works at an evening school, teaches Russian language and literature. In 1954 he entered the directing department of VGIK. Classmates recalled that VGIK teachers were afraid to take him: he was a lover of truth, he did not understand at all what he could say and what it was better to remain silent about.

1.What is the essence of the incident in the store? Was there a reason to be offended? What do the saleswoman Rosa, the department manager, and the customers look like? Which of them addresses others on a personal level?

This work is about an ordinary everyday incident, which each of us can be a witness or participant in at any moment: in transport, in a store, in any institution. We are talking about... rudeness, ordinary rudeness. Sashka Ermolaev comes to the store, where the saleswoman, who has revealed herself, accuses him of causing a “scandal” to the entire store yesterday. The weirdo is outraged by this, he tries to prove that the saleswoman was mistaken, but finds no excuse, but is faced with sycophants and offended goes home.

We think this is a sufficient reason to be offended. The saleswoman Rosa looks like a boor and a rude person, the head of the department does not want to understand the essence of the situation, the buyers are fawning. It is Rose who “pokes” the man. Perhaps she knows that she is wrong, but she does not intend to retreat, because she is a pathetic, boorish person.

2. Why did Sashka want to talk to the man in the raincoat? What is the goal, what are Sashka’s intentions? Do you share his position? Why? Follow the development of Sashka’s thoughts. Is it only an offended sense of self-esteem that speaks to him? What else?

Sashka Ermolaev is an amazing person. He was insulted, accused “by the whole store” of something he had not done, but he persistently proved that he was not guilty of anything, tried to find out why some people were sycophants, to explain to them that this was not necessary. He didn’t think about any kind of revenge, but on the contrary, thinking about why people behave meanly and flatter someone, he suggested: “It’s a shame that he didn’t understand it and started to intervene... I’ll actually talk. Maybe he’s lonely.” But after all the humiliation, Sashka is concerned about what is happening in the life of a complete stranger who has unfairly accused him. This characterizes the hero of the story as a trusting, good-natured, generous, honest person, incapable of sycophancy, fair, persistent, seeking and striving for the truth.

3.What is Sashka’s nature, what kind of person is he? What is behind such an Aurish remark: “... Lately I’ve been able to live well, peacefully, I even forgot when I drank... And also because I was holding my daughter’s little hand in my hand...” ? Behind the words of the wife: “Who are you starting a fight with again?.. Again you don’t have a face...”?

Sashka Ermolaev is a vulnerable, sensitive, emotional person. He is very worried about mistakes, he even worries too much, he is constantly “shaking”, “something is boiling in his chest”, he can cry: “Tears welled up in Sashka’s eyes.” And sometimes “tears come” from love, from love for his own daughter, from love for the most precious thing he has.

Sashka is a conscientious, fair person. He fights for the truth, he fights the abnormal.

Perhaps he once drank, fought for his principles, fought, but he gave up for the sake of his family and now his life has improved, he loves his family, he is a kind, sensitive person.

4.Why is the image of a child introduced into the story? What aspects of Sashka’s nature are revealed by his attitude towards his daughter? What role does the girl’s remarks that her aunts and uncles “fuck off” play in the text?

Sashka’s little daughter gives her characterization to all these people in the store: “what a lousy aunt...”, “what lousy uncles.” And it is no coincidence that the writer turns to a child’s vision of the situation. As you know, the truth speaks through the mouth of a baby. Sashka, whose side is the baby on, is sincere, simple, real, open and receptive, vulnerable. The story is dominated by psychological time. The hero's resentment here is felt to be equated to a childish, but serious resentment, which also emerges as a separate image in the story. The dynamics of the hero's psychological sensations are acutely felt, the feeling of resentment becomes stronger and is equated to physiological pain, that is, this resentment is so palpable!: "resentment pushed into the chest, as if with a fist" - this metaphor brings the Resentment to life, the writer uses the technique of anthropomorphization. “His jaw was cramped from resentment,” “his face was burning,” “His jaw was cramped again, his lips were shaking,” “and he was shaking all morning, he was shaking, shook again”, “he was shaking again”, “a tear welled up” - the resentment grows in the hero’s soul, and at the end of the story we see catharsis, the culmination of this resentment. The hero’s speech corresponds to his state at that moment, it is emotional, abrupt, not always clear: “he stands... and starts, for no reason, no reason... for what?” The ellipses, repetitions “I wasn’t in the store yesterday, I wasn’t” indicate Sashka’s strong confusion. Childish naivety, sensitivity, some kind of... then sincere faith, the desire to prove to yourself and others that you are right.

Sashka Ermolaev. The author calls his weirdo hero Sashka (“Sashka Ermolaev was offended...”, “On Saturday morning Sashka...”, “Sashka, dear...”), and not Alexander Ermolaev. With this, Vasily Shukshin defines a crank as a simple person; thanks to the use of such a name, a certain kinship arises, a closeness between the reader and the character. In this story there is no description, neither the appearance of the eccentric, nor his life. Shukshin tells the reader only about one incident that happened to the main character, because the main thing for Vasily Makarovich is to identify the reason why his hero was misunderstood in society, to show his peculiarity.

6. What artistic details of the story reveal the moral atmosphere of society: habitual rudeness, disrespect for the human person, suspicion, bitterness, desire to stigmatize?

The image of a “wall of people”. Appearing as a final one at the end of the episode in the store, it is reinforced by the image of a hammer that appears several times in the last episodes, with which Sashka is going to “break through” to Igor. The hammer here turns out to be the only weapon capable of breaking this human wall. Such echoes allow us to talk about the image of a human wall as the leitmotif of the story under consideration.

7. What is the meaning of the introductory part of the story about grievances, prudence, theatrical swords, and despair? Did you sense the author's irony in it? Doesn't it reveal the writer's attitude towards the type of behavior depicted in Sashka's story? What is it like?

The author voices the position of people who prefer not to fight manifestations of rudeness towards themselves and other people. Many people prefer to silently swallow insults so as not to get involved in this useless business. There is obvious irony in the author's words. The author shows Sashka - a little man - a weirdo, who is trying to find out the reason for his insult, trying to protect his dignity, but he cannot break through the “wall”. The author loves and respects people who have not yet sunk morally, who resist human rudeness and rudeness, and do not limply hide and swallow grievances.

An important thought runs through the entire narrative: you don’t have to fight an insult, you don’t have to fight; you can wisely step aside, not sort things out, not be indignant, not get worked up. Prudence,” Shukshin sneers, “is not a thing from a knight’s chest.” The author seems to invite the reader to dialogue on an everyday topic (everyone has had at least one similar case in their life), but at the same time touches on issues that go beyond the ordinary: about internal culture, conscience, decency.

In this story, Shukshin puts the hero in a situation from which there is almost no way out without compromising his human dignity, and does not give any recipes for what to do. Maybe that’s why his stories are still perceived freshly, with interest; they force you to try on the described situations, weigh, sympathize, and reflect.

*** Additional questions ***

In Vasily Makarovich Shukshin's story "The Resentment" we are talking about an ordinary everyday incident, which each of us can be a witness or participant in at any moment: in transport, in a store, in any institution. This, unfortunately, has become an everyday reality. We are talking about rudeness. Sashka Ermolaev is contrasted with others.

Sashka has a great need for justice and a great faith in it. That's why he's waiting for the man in the cloak. And this character is a narrow-minded, aggressive, cowardly, suspicious person. For him, Sashka is “a damn gateway.” He “stared unkindly at Sashka” and insulted him. There is no visible person in it. This is probably why the author calls it “the cloak” in this episode: “the cloak stopped,” “the cloak rustled.” Why is he like this? Now Sashka is no longer worried about his own resentment, but about a larger question: “What is going on with people?” Apparently, that’s why he didn’t tell his wife anything. He thought about the man in the cloak. What made him like this? Why doesn’t he understand such simple things: you can’t be a coward, you can’t be a toady? I can’t believe that Sashka will be able to explain this to the “cloak” - Chukalov. This episode shows the hero's personality in a new way. His generosity, his willingness to forgive the offender, his ability to root for other people, for all of humanity, inspires respect.

Sashka fails to punish the offender and prove that he is right. The author sympathizes with his hero, but is also proud of him. So Sashka saw his wife running towards him - and the resentment and anger were obscured by anxiety: what happened? Isn't it the case with the children? And the eternal woman’s prayer: “Think about us. Don't you feel sorry for us? – stops Sasha.

And Vera’s words: “Did you want it again? Are you itching again?” - evidence that Sashka has not come to terms with injustice, but has only temporarily given up his position, that again and again he will rebel against lies and slander... Sashka’s moral strength, not weakness, is manifested in the fact that he will not spare himself, but his wife and children he will regret it, stop at the last line... And he will despise himself: “Eh-h... We are shakers, shakers!”

We live among angry, aggressive, rude people. And rudeness, unfortunately, becomes the norm of behavior and communication. If they answered you calmly and kindly, then you perceive this not as the norm, but as a rare and pleasant exception.

And in this world of evil it is becoming increasingly difficult for each of us and all of us together. Involuntarily, you ask the same question as Vasily Makarovich Shukshin: “People, what is happening to us?”

Yes, what is happening to us? Where are we going? In this fast pace of life, you probably need to find a moment and remember the truth: “You have to be a human being.” Being human...