Do-it-yourself water supply diagram at the dacha from a well. We set up a country water supply system from a well. Autonomous water supply system in a country house from a well. Diagram

When going to a dacha outside the city, few people are ready to completely give up the benefits of civilization, especially when it comes to running water. Agree, the importance of water supply to a summer cottage is difficult to overestimate.

Water is necessary for watering the garden and vegetable beds, as well as for solving everyday problems. What can we say about the use of household appliances that require connection to the water supply network. To arrange the water supply, you can hire specialists or do it yourself.

To make water supply at your dacha with your own hands, you must first decide on the source of water, select the necessary equipment and materials, and study the sequence of work. These are the questions we will help you solve.

For a better understanding of the water supply process, we illustrated the material with visual diagrams and photographs, and supplemented the information with video clips.

The installation of any water supply system begins with the selection of a water supply source. Although the choice is usually not great. This could be a centralized water supply system.

Not only its quality, but also the methods of constructing the entire water supply system, its technical complexity and cost depend on where the water will come from.

Image gallery

Winter plumbing is a much more complex system. Everything must be taken into account - from the natural slope of the terrain to the depth of soil freezing. A pump is required to provide water pressure. In short, a winter-type country water supply system is no different from the water supply system for residential private houses.

Image gallery

It is unlikely that today anyone will be satisfied with working or relaxing in a country house where there is no water. Neither wash your hands, nor bathe yourself, nor water the garden properly, but it is pointless to talk about ensuring maximum living comfort: a sink in the kitchen, a shower and bath in the house, a toilet, a washing machine and other delights of civilization. Therefore, the first thing every summer resident cares about is the autonomous water supply of the dacha. What is the diagram of the water supply system, how to choose the right pump or pumping station, how to install and connect them, as well as the laying of external and internal water supply systems - this is just a rough plan of research and action, and this is what our article is about.

The water supply of a dacha includes several elements that ensure the collection of water from a source, its delivery to the premises, accumulation and purification, heating and delivery to each consumer. Let's look at an approximate diagram of a water supply system for a dacha:

1. Source of water intake (well, well or reservoir).
2. A pipeline leading from a water source to a utility room or home. It must be equipped with a tap to drain water back from the system in case of breakdown or departure during the cold season, so that the water in the pipes and appliances does not freeze.
3. A pump or pumping station for drawing water from a source.
4. Coarse filter and check valve in front of the pumping station.
5. Fittings that ensure normal operation of the system. This is a ball valve, pressure gauge, pressure switch, etc.
6. A hydraulic accumulator is a water container with which you can control the system, turning the pump on and off. In addition, the accumulator always contains a supply of water in case of a power outage.
7. Fine filters. Equipment for water purification and water treatment. A set of filters is selected after studying the chemical composition of water from the source. This can be done at the sanitary and epidemiological station. By the way, filters can be installed before the hydraulic accumulator so that it contains only clean water. Water for watering the garden, washing a car and other technical needs does not need to be purified, so you can run a discharge pipe bypassing water treatment equipment.
8. Water heaters or boilers for producing hot water.
9. Water distribution inside a country house. It can be done in various ways: sequentially or using a manifold, when a separate pipe goes to each consumer.

This is just an approximate water supply diagram for a summer residence. It can be supplemented or some elements removed. For example, a hydraulic accumulator is quite expensive, so many people decide not to use it. The sequence of elements in the circuit may also differ slightly depending on the type of pump and the source of water intake.

Which source of water supply for your dacha should you choose?

The water supply system in a country house always starts with a source. It’s good if you purchased a dacha with a ready-made well or a well of good quality. If there is no source of water on your site, then first you will have to think about how to make one.

Before deciding what to build: a well or a borehole, and how deep, talk to your neighbors. Ask what they have, whether they are satisfied, whether there is enough water and what quality it is. Sometimes it is better not to philosophize too much, but to take advantage of the experience of others. You can also take water samples from your neighbors for analysis to ensure its quality.

Well- the oldest artificial source of water supply. If an aquifer with high-quality, edible water in sufficient volume (for a family of 4 people) is located within 4 - 15 m of depth, then it makes sense to equip a well. It will cost less than a well, since you only have to pay for the materials, the rest you can do yourself. It is also more durable than a well (service life up to 50 years). And one more undeniable advantage is that in the absence of electricity, water can be scooped up in it with an ordinary bucket. There is one drawback of wells: high water can get into it, reducing the quality of the water. But this can be avoided by properly waterproofing the joints between the rings and the place where the pipe enters the well.

In some regions, it is customary to drill wells exclusively. They do this for various reasons: either good water is nearby (an underground river or spring), or vice versa - the groundwater is too low (more than 15 m).

Well "on sand" affects the upper layers of the sandy horizon. This is the very first edible underground layer. It is located after dense loam, which filters groundwater, melt and rainwater. Due to the fact that in different regions this layer is at different depths, the depth of the well “for sand” can be from 10 m to 50 m. The water reserve in such a well is 500 liters. The service life is about 5 years, since the filters become clogged with sand and silt. But this is very individual, because depending on the area, at a depth of even 15 m you can get to an underground river, and the source is inexhaustible, and the filters do not clog. The service life can reach 20 years or more. It is best to drill a well “into the sand” manually, and look for a place using old-fashioned methods. As practice has shown, it is more likely to find an aquifer with high-quality water. If you use machine drilling, such a layer can simply be “slipped through.”

Artesian well uses water from a limestone layer, which can be located at different depths, from 35 to 1000 meters or more. In limestone rocks, water is of high quality, its minimum supply is 1500 liters, and the maximum is practically unlimited. Most often, such wells are rarely constructed for personal needs and are up to a maximum of 135 m deep. Firstly, it is necessary to obtain permission for an artesian well and register it, since this aquifer is considered the property of the state. Secondly, its construction is much more expensive than a sand well and lasts from several days to a month. The possibility of penetration of perched water and groundwater into an artesian well is excluded, and its service life is close to that of a well, i.e. 50 years. It makes sense to share an artesian well with other neighbors.

If you decide to install a well at your dacha rather than a well, be sure to ask for calculations of its debit. This is necessary in order to select the right pump or pumping station.

Pumps and pumping stations for water supply - how to choose

Choosing the right pump for country water supply is one of the most important tasks.

There are pumps submersible And superficial. Submersible pumps are also called deep pumps; they can pump water from a depth of 10 to 150 m. They are located in deep wells or boreholes. Surface pumps are installed in a house or utility room; they pump from a depth of up to 9 m.

To arrange a water supply at your dacha, it makes sense to purchase a pumping station, which already includes a pump, a hydraulic accumulator, a pressure switch and a supply hose. Often such a station can be purchased everywhere.

The most common is pumping station with a centrifugal self-priming pump with a built-in ejector. Such a pump can suck up water from a depth of up to 9 m and supply it up to 40 m. Putting the pump into operation is very simple: open the lid of the filler hole, pour water into it so that it flows over the edge, close and turn on the pump. It will first pump air and then supply water to the system. The advantage of such a station is its low sensitivity to air in the system; it is enough to open the tap/valve on the pump to bleed it out. Such a unit is suitable for drawing water from a well or shallow well. It can be installed in a pit or caisson directly above a water source and supply water with a pressure of up to 40 m, or it can be installed in a house if the well or well is very close.

Pumping stations with a centrifugal self-priming pump with an external ejector used for pumping water from deep wells or boreholes (up to 45m), or located far from home. The stations themselves are installed in a house or utility room; two pipes lead from it, at the end of which an ejector is attached, and are lowered into a water source. One pipe supplies water to the ejector to create suction, and the second pipe supplies water to the house. The disadvantage of such a station is its sensitivity to air in the system. The advantage is that the station can be placed inside the house, and the ejector at the water intake source at a distance of 20 - 40 m from the house.

When choosing a pump, pay attention to an extremely important characteristic - suction height. Some indicate a height of 8 m, and others 20 - 45 m. Please note that the suction height of a pump of 8 m does not mean that it cannot be used for a well 15 m deep. The fact is that the water even in a deep well is much higher, at a depth of 2 - 6 m. This is due to the fact that the depth of groundwater is higher than the depth of the well, and according to the rule of communicating vessels, the water in the well rises upward.

Before making a water supply at your dacha and buying a pumping station, calculate the productivity of your water source, check the mirror level, pressure in the system and the volume of water consumption. For uninterrupted supply of water to your home pumping station productivity value should be lower than the productivity of the water source (well or well), but greater than the possible consumption/consumption of water. To calculate water consumption, you can use the data from the table by simply summing up the water consumption of several consumers that can operate simultaneously. Next, it is necessary to calculate the pressure loss depending on the length and diameter of the pipeline.

Important! You can find out the productivity of a well or borehole experimentally by pumping water out of it with a motor pump and a conventional surface pump and measuring its quantity. The mirror of water can be recognized by lowering a nut on a string into a source of water and then measuring the length.

After receiving the necessary data, you can begin selecting a pumping station; all parameters will be indicated in the passport. Please note that there is a check valve and an inlet filter.

Do-it-yourself water supply for a dacha

Arranging a water supply for your dacha with your own hands is not as difficult a task as it might seem. Let's accept that we already have a source of water supply, either it was inherited from the previous owners, or you yourself dug a well or drilled a well. All that remains is to complete all the work on installing the pump, pipeline and other equipment.

Installation of external water supply at the dacha

For a well. The first step is to dig a trench from the foundation of the house to the well, preferably without bends. Since the pipeline can freeze in winter, it must be located at a depth of 1.5 - 2 m (the depth of soil freezing in the Russian Federation). You can lay the pipe higher, but then it should be carefully insulated, for example, wrapped with an electric heating cable.

In the second ring of the well we make a hole for the pipe. By the way, you can use plastic pipes, PVC, polyethylene, polypropylene, steel and others. It is advisable to choose those that do not crack from frost. We connect pipes with a diameter of 32 mm to each other. Place a 15 cm layer of sand at the bottom of the trench.

Important! Installing a water supply at a dacha implies that it is necessary to slope the pipeline towards the water source. If the dacha will not be used in winter, then all water from the system must be drained. To do this, install a drain valve at the turn of the pipe in the well.

We insert a section of pipe into the hole in the ring, bend the pipe and lower it down to the surface of the water. We insert a mesh filter inside the pipe. We place the pipe at a height of 30 - 40 cm from the bottom of the well. To secure the pipe, pump out all the water from the well, drive a pin into the bottom and screw the pipe to it.

Then it is necessary to carefully waterproof the hole in the ring so that water does not get through it. We fill the pipes in the trench with a 15 cm layer of sand, then with soil, and around the well at a distance of 1.5 m with a depth of 40 cm we make a clay castle.

For well. All trench digging and pipe laying work is no different. It’s just that above the well itself it is necessary to install either a pit or a caisson so that the pipes and pump do not freeze if it is supposed to be installed directly above the well.

Consider installing a caisson. We dig the well pipe to a depth of 2.5 m and a width 2 times the diameter of the caisson. We compact the bottom of the pit and fill it with a 20 cm layer of concrete, it will support the weight of the caisson. We install a caisson in the pit. We cut the well pipe at a height of 50 cm above the bottom of the caisson. At the same depth we make a hole in the caisson for laying the pipeline. Next you need to connect the pumping station.

We fill the outside of the caisson with concrete in a layer of 30 - 40 cm, then fill it with sand and cement mixed, and the remaining 50 cm with soil.

Connecting the pumping station to the well

If the pump is remote, then it can be installed directly in the caisson. If the water is close, and the well is also close, then you can install a pumping station in the house, and only insert a supply pipe into the caisson or pit and connect it to the well pipe. A tap should also be provided here to drain the system down.

As an example, we install a pump in a caisson, connect it to the well pipe, and connect the pipe leading into the house to the pump itself. But the rest of the equipment: a hydraulic accumulator, a control relay, filters are installed in a house or outbuilding.

Connecting the pumping station to the well

For wells located close to the house and with a high water level, you can use a pumping station with a suction height of up to 9 m. It can be installed in the house itself, in the utility room or in the well itself. But for deep or distant wells, you can use a pump with a remote ejector, then the station itself can be installed in the house, and the ejector can be lowered into the well.

The room where the pumping station for the well will be located must be insulated or heated, the temperature must not be lower than +2 °C.

Before entering the pump, we install a water drain tap, a coarse filter and a check valve. Then comes the pump, followed by a fine filter with shut-off valves on both sides. This is necessary to replace the cartridge in the filter. Then the hydraulic accumulator, and after it you can install a water purification and water treatment system.

After all the elements of the pumping station, water treatment, etc., we lead a 32 mm pipe to the cold water supply collector. We install ball valves in the collector and connect 25 mm pipes leading to consumers or groups of consumers (as suggested by the internal water supply diagram).

For internal wiring, you can use steel pipes, metal-plastic, polypropylene and corrugated stainless steel. The latter are the most expensive, but also extremely easy to install. In terms of price and quality, water supply made from polypropylene pipes will be optimal. They are connected to each other and to fittings using an electric soldering iron, which is very easy to use and can be rented.

Important! The difficulty of installing a water supply system in a dacha is that in winter, when the room is not heated, it is necessary to drain the water from the system. To do this, the entire pipeline must be installed with a slope.

Hot water supply at the dacha can be provided using a boiler or boiler. If main gas is supplied, it makes sense to install a gas water heater. If not, then you can use an electric boiler. By the way, for an uninterrupted supply of hot water in the required volume, provided that a gas boiler is used, it is also necessary to purchase an indirect heating boiler. For a family of 4 people, the boiler volume should be from 100 to 200 liters.

From the reverse side of the cold water supply collector we take a pipe to the water heater. Let's connect here. We lead the hot water pipe coming out of the water heater into the hot water collector, where we also install ball valves and a water drain valve.

In this article, we looked at the option of a stationary water supply in the country, which can be used both in summer and winter. But if the house is not heated in winter, and its heating is turned on only when someone arrives, for example, once a week, then before the onset of frost and before each departure in winter, it is necessary to drain water not only from the system, but also from each consumer. Even from a toilet tank, washing machine, etc. For summer water supply, such difficulties are not needed. It can be made from garden hoses connected to each other and laid out on the surface of the ground. After the end of the season, the water is drained from the hoses, they are twisted and put away in the utility room until the next season.

There is no need to convince anyone that running water in a dacha is necessary. This is already obvious. Therefore, we will immediately dwell in more detail on how to make a water supply system in a dacha with our own hands, taking into account its operation at different times of the year.

First of all, you need to choose a water source. The cheapest and easiest way to provide fresh water to your dacha is to build a well. It can have different depths. It all depends on the depth of groundwater. Basically, it does not exceed fifteen meters, and therefore the construction of a well costs minimally. However, such a structure provides small volumes of water (up to 200 liters per hour), and it also contains various impurities (nitrates, heavy metals, bacteria).

Wells and wells: what you need to know

Well design diagram

A more acceptable option is to build a sand well, the depth of which, depending on the aquifer, can be from 15 to 30 meters.

Such a structure can produce approximately 1.5 cubic meters of water per hour, which is enough for a small house.

What is better, a well or a borehole?

Drilling a sand well is carried out using the auger method - the rock is extracted to the surface. This usually takes from 3 to 5 days. However, the sandy aquifer contains a lot of clay and sand, and therefore filtration equipment will be needed in this case.

Even the most novice and inexperienced strategist of a gardening campaign knows that the outcome of the battle for the harvest depends entirely on the level of organization of water supply in the area.

If water is delivered to the beds using a good old bucket, agricultural activity turns into Sisyphean labor.

And it’s undignified to somehow trample country paths with a ladle or watering can in your hands at a time when stores are filled with plastic pipes and parts from which a water supply system can be assembled literally with your bare hands. Let's see how you can make summer water supply at your dacha, and what materials are best to use for this.

The main and very pleasant feature of seasonal water supply is its low cost.

This is due to the fact that during the construction of the system you will not have to worry about measures to prevent water from freezing.

The pipes will not need to be buried in deep trenches, and the areas that are on the surface will not need to be wrapped with a heating cable and insulated.

Thus, summer water supply is very affordable and will be affordable even for a financially limited gardener.

Typically, when designing seasonal water supply, two options are considered.

Open (collapsible) water supply

The simplest method of installation is in which pipes are placed on the surface of the earth. Requires a minimum of labor costs, but has a number of disadvantages:

• At the end of the season, the system will have to be disassembled and stored for storage, and reassembled in the spring.
• In the absence of owners on the site, the water supply may be stolen.
• The pipes laid on top make it difficult to walk.

If plastic pipes and parts are used, they can easily be damaged by sharp tools.

Hidden (permanent)

It is laid in shallow trenches with access to the surface of several water collection points.

According to the list of advantages and disadvantages, it is the complete opposite of the option described above.

It does not interfere, does not require annual installation/disassembly, it is difficult to steal, but you will have to tinker a little more with the device.