Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord on Bolshaya Ordynka. Icon of the Mother of God “Joy to all who mourn. How to pray to the Queen of Heaven
The first mention of the temple of St. Varlaam Khutynsky “in Ordyntsy” dates back to the 1570s. In the XIV century. here was the road leading to the Golden Horde. In addition, Russian captives ransomed from the Mongol conquerors were called “Horde”. There is an assumption that the area where the temple stands was given to them to build houses.
In September of the year, the new Empire-style rotunda church was re-consecrated to St. Filaret. This is evidenced by the memorial date under the cross of the temple. The miraculous icon “Joy of All Who Sorrow” is located in the left aisle. One beautiful detail, unusual for Moscow churches, is that the candlesticks are located at the top, like small chandeliers, and in order to light a candle, you need to climb portable wooden ladders.
In the early 1930s, the temple was closed, the bells were torn off and destroyed, but the ancient interior was well preserved, since the temple housed the Tretyakov Gallery storeroom and the museum staff tried to do everything to preserve the decoration of this priceless monument of architecture and art.
The church on Bolshaya Ordynka became one of the first Moscow churches opened in the capital after the restoration of the Patriarchate - in the year. In those years, the day of glorification of the icon, October 24 / November 6, was celebrated with particular solemnity, and every Sunday evening a prayer service was held in the church with the reading of the akathist.
Last year, residents of an elite building in nearby Lavrushinsky Lane demanded that the bells be removed - the ringing of the bells disturbed the writers who lived there from sleeping and working. The bells were again removed and moved inside the temple.
The famous church choir of regent N.V. Matveev was also created here. In the 1960s, his recordings were even released on records by the Moscow Patriarchate.
At the temple there is a Center for Rehabilitation of Victims of Non-Traditional Religions, a Reception Center for helping persons suffering from drug addiction and alcoholism, a library, Sunday schools for children and adults, gold embroidery, drawing, theater, church singing and icon painting clubs.
With the blessing of Patriarch Alexy II, an annual ceremony is held to join the Russian Orthodox Church for people who, for one reason or another, have fallen away from it. The rite of joining is held twice a year (usually on Lazarus Saturday and November 19 - the day of memory of St. Varlaam of Khutyn).
The Orthodox Cathedral is under the leadership of the Moscow Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church. Today the temple is a favorite place for believers in the capital, despite the fact that the architecture of the building has always been subject to mixed assessments from critics. The Sorrow Cathedral, which has a different name - “Preobrazhensky”, is richly decorated, stands out with golden shades and everywhere reflects the spiritual independence of its compatriots.
History of construction
On the site of the current temple in the middle of the 16th century there stood a wooden building, consecrated to the glory of Varlaam of Khutyn, who was the patron of the Russian army.
Church of the Icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow” on Bolshaya Ordynka
- The stone structure that replaced the dilapidated one had the shape of a five-domed quadrangle, to which was added a refectory and a bell tower.
- The icon of “All Who Sorrow…”, which is the main shrine, demonstrated miracles of healing, so a large number of Christians began to flock to the church. This image of the Mother of God began to be called “Patriarchal”, and the cathedral itself acquired the name “Sorrowful”.
- In the 18th century, in honor of the miraculous icon of “All Who Sorrow...”, the throne was consecrated, rebuilt in 1770 with donations from wealthy landowners. Soon, funding from the local merchant A. Dolgoy made it possible to add two extensions to the cathedral. V. Bazhenov was appointed as the chief designer; the work was carried out in the style of classicism: the vast refectory was decorated with four-column porticoes, oval and round outlines of window openings, the bell tower consisted of many tiers.
- In 1788, craftsmen built an iconostasis, where they placed holy images painted by the Venerable Hieromonk Boniface.
Two decades later, the Church of Sorrows received as a gift images of the main Archangels on the doors to the sacrificial hall, as well as the faces of St. Nicholas the Pleasant and Archdeacon Lawrence of Rome, who experienced great torment for his faith.
History of the temple in the 19th-20th centuries
The Sorrow Cathedral suffered significantly after the invasion of Moscow by the French army in 1812. After 25 years, the eastern side of the church (Preobrazhensky chapel) was reconstructed thanks to the investments of local landowners, and O. Beauvais was appointed architect.
- The main volume of the building was a rotunda with a high dome and oval window openings; the perimeter was framed by an Ionic portico and an exquisite frieze (a border on the wall near the ceiling). The room, emitting golden hues, surprised with its pompous splendor, supported by the dimensional decorations of the windows. Beauvais did everything possible to ensure that the rotunda blended harmoniously with the parts of the church that had been built earlier.
Divine service in the Church of the Icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow”
- In 1904, the external walls of the Sorrow Cathedral were decorated with marble stone and decorated with relief figures, the interior was complemented by updated paintings and a restored iconostasis, as well as a sacristy. The church floor was covered with cast iron slabs with intricate patterns. The internal columns were stylistically similar to the external ones.
- In 1922, the Soviet authorities confiscated most of the precious relics, in 1930 the church lost its bells, and three years later it was officially closed. Having survived the horrors of the Second World War and Bolshevik repressions, in 1948 the Sorrow Cathedral was solemnly consecrated again. Fathers Cyprian was appointed rector, and the church choir gained all-Russian fame.
After the Second World War, careless restoration work was carried out in the church, as a result of which some of the paintings and the glass partition in the eastern aisle were destroyed. A successful restoration took place in 1974; the missing fragments of decoration and decoration were returned to the Sorrow Cathedral.
Description of the architecture
Muscovites extremely revere and love the Church of Sorrows; they note the unique architecture and indescribable atmosphere of peace. A notable feature is the grandiose panels created in the style of Western Christianity.
Parishioners are also struck by the unity of the parts of the church created at different times. Having passed through the refectory, created earlier, the believer enters the rotunda, created a little later. The triumphal iconostasis, white marble columns, cast-iron floors, and graceful window openings give the church a rich solemnity, reminiscent of the endless beauty of divine structures.
Interior of the Church of the Icon of the Mother of God Joy of All Who Sorrow on Bolshaya Ordynka
When erecting the refectory and hipped bell tower in 1683, the craftsmen used an axial design, which was a kind of architectural experiment. Leading designers liked this experience; in subsequent years it was used more than once in the construction of church buildings.
Interesting! The bell tower, built by V. Bazhenov, is considered a real work of art, illusorily floating above the surface.
Its outer lines stretch evenly upward, and columns and pilasters (vertical projections on the wall) give the composition earthly heaviness. The elegant expressiveness of the bell tower arises through the rational placement of the balustrade (fencing of the upper tier).
The Sorrowful Church on Ordynka went through a difficult path of formation in the era of the Russian tsars, plunder in the age of atheism and the return of its former greatness. The gates of the temple, distinguished by its special architectural composition, daily receive Orthodox believers seeking peace within the walls of the House of God.
Temple shrines
In the Transfiguration Church, believers have the opportunity to see several ancient faces created between the mid-18th and early 20th centuries. The church houses the miraculous icon of the Kazan Mother of God, images of the Great Martyr Longinus, St. Nicholas the Pleasant, and St. Varlaam.
Here is also the ark with the miraculous remains of I. the Baptist, Christ's disciples Peter and Paul, as well as the Great Martyr Dionysius.
The icon of the Most Pure Virgin, called “Joy of All Who Sorrow,” is kept in the left annex. Many Orthodox believers always gather at the shrine, whose memory is celebrated on October 24. Next to the miraculous image there is a tall candlestick decorated with figures of saints who were saved after the destruction of the Church of the Savior.
Icon with a miraculous temple image of the Church of the Icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow” on Bolshaya Ordynka in Moscow
To raise the candle flame, cathedral workers bring a wooden ladder.
Information for pilgrims
The church is located at the address: Moscow, Bolshaya Ordynka street, house number 20. The nearest station is Tretyakovskaya. To get to the cathedral, you should turn left from the metro exit and walk to the intersection with Bolshaya Ordynka, the temple is on the right.
Divine services in the Sorrow Church are held daily from 8:00 to 18:00; on Sundays and holidays there is an early liturgy at 7:00.
On a note! On Thursday and Saturday, parishioners have the opportunity to take part in water blessing prayers for healing in front of the shrines.
Current activity
In 2009, the church choir was revived, and regent A. Puzakov showed particular zeal in this matter. In 2012, another restoration began under the leadership of architect I. Kalugin.
The church has a choir, an Orthodox children's school, a charitable foundation and theological courses.
Today, an Orthodox educational organization operates at the church, combining the activities of the clergy and the parish. The structure is engaged in social and missionary affairs, runs a Sunday school, a youth club and a charity center. The rector of the church since 2009 has been Rev. Father Hilarion, who previously served in the Chernigov metochion.
Church of the Icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow” on Bolshaya Ordynka
Temples in the name of the icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow”: Sorrowful Church (Breitovo) Sorrowful Church (Mentona) Sorrowful Church (Michurinsk) Sorrowful Church on Bolshaya Ordynka (Moscow) Sorrowful Church on ... ... Wikipedia
“JOY OF ALL WHO SORROW”, ICON OF THE MOTHER OF GOD- (celebration of October 24, the day of the first miracle from the icon), a miraculous image, the iconography of which in Russia developed under Western Europe. influence and, without receiving a single complete compositional scheme, exists in many options. The most resistant types... Orthodox Encyclopedia
Icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow” Exact measuring list from the miraculous icon from the Sorrow Church on Ordynka (last quarter of the 18th century) ... Wikipedia
Icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow” Exact measuring list from the miraculous icon from the Sorrowful Church. on Ordynka. (Last quarter of the 18th century) Date of appearance: 1688 Location: Transfiguration Sorrow Church, Moscow Honored... ... Wikipedia
Icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow” Exact measuring list from the miraculous icon from the Sorrowful Church. on Ordynka. (Last quarter of the 18th century) Date of appearance: 1688 Location: Transfiguration Sorrow Church, Moscow Honored... ... Wikipedia
Exact measuring list from the miraculous icon from the Sorrowful Church. on Ordynka. (Last quarter of the 18th century) Date of appearance: 1688 Location: Transfiguration Sorrow Church, Moscow Honored lists of all who mourn Joy from a penny ... Wikipedia
Before the October Revolution, there were about 400 active churches in St. Petersburg. After which, by order of the authorities, churches began to be closed; many of them were demolished during the existence of Soviet power, and the remaining ones were used... ... Wikipedia
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rotunda- A building with a circular plan or a large cylindrical volume topped with a dome. Source: Pluzhnikov, 1995 Illustrations: Balashikha district of the Moscow region. Pehra Pokrovskoe village. Church of the Intercession. View from the south. The village of Yuryevo Devichye, Tver region.... ... Dictionary of Temple Architecture
Sorrow Church on Ordynka, for several centuries now it has attracted many thousands of people with the icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow.”
Story Church of the Sorrows on Ordynka begins in the dark, almost impenetrable depths of centuries. In church records, the construction of the temple dates back to 1685; but this should be understood about the stone church, because the wooden Church of the Transfiguration with a chapel in the name of St. Varlaam of Khutyn was mentioned in scribe books in 1657.
The wooden Sorrow Church was very poor. In its original form, it existed until 1685, when a certain widow Evdokia Vasilievna Akinfova replaced the wooden building with a stone one - but also very modest.
However, only three years passed, and the unremarkable Zamoskvoretsky church became famous: in 1688, the first miracle took place from the icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow” residing in it.
Over time, the miracles did not dry up, the Horde Church of Sorrow became increasingly famous, and they decided to rebuild the temple more thoroughly. According to the project, the temple received a refectory with two chapels - St. Varlaam and the icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow” - and a three-tiered bell tower. By the end of the 1780s, the reconstruction was completed, the interior decoration was also completed, and on October 24, 1790, the very day when the icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow” is honored, the church was consecrated.
Not for long, however, the Horde Sorrow Church delighted the residents of Zamoskvorechye with its newly created beauty. In 1812, it suffered so much that it turned out to be easier to build a new main temple, which was done in the 1820-1830s. The project was compiled by Osip Ivanovich Bove, unforgettable in the history of post-fire Moscow.
The construction of the new Sorrow Church lasted almost fifteen years. Its consecration in 1836 became a memorable event in life.
Sasha Mitrakhovich 26.09.2017 07:47
In its history, the Sorrow Church on Bolshaya Ordynka has known different things. But she was always loved by Muscovites. For how many parishioners the temple has become a home, how many have received consolation here - now I can’t even count...
The Church of Sorrows on Bolshaya Ordynka acquired its current appearance after the fire of 1812. There was no opportunity to save the main church of the 17th century, but the refectory and bell tower, built by Bazhenov, were not damaged so much, and O. I. Bove, who was entrusted with the reconstruction of the church, treated them very delicately, organically fitting his rotunda church into the existing architectural context with a dome crowning a low light drum.
Speaking about “Bazhenov’s elements,” it should be noted that in this case, Bazhenov for the first time gave the type of refectory that later became so widespread in Moscow church architecture: a low, almost square volume with rounded corners. The bell tower corresponds to this “roundness” of the refectory - “perfect in form,” as Sabashnikov’s guidebook attests to it. It is composed of three successively smaller cylinders stacked on top of each other. Thus, Bove only brought to its logical conclusion the rounded outlines of the temple set by Bazhenov, revealing both high taste and sensitivity to architectural material. As a result, the Mother See received one of the outstanding monuments of “its” - Moscow - Empire style.
People are used to seeing the Church of Sorrows on Ordynka in classic empire style - ocher-white - attire. Meanwhile, this type of color is not the only possible one. There were eras when the temple appeared to Muscovites as pale pink with white details. That is, such a coloring, from a historical point of view, is quite acceptable now. But, given that the Horde church is located between two “only red” churches - St. Clement in Klimentovsky Lane and the Resurrection of Christ in Kadashi - it was decided not to use pale pink coloring.
Sasha Mitrakhovich 26.09.2017 16:08
The Sabashnikov guide describes the interior of the Sorrow Church on Ordynka:
On both sides of the central arch leading to the summer church, there are marble choirs with two pairs of marble angels; the choirs are decorated with bronze; the work is very rich, but the impression from these choirs is not at all Orthodox. Let us note on the right side of the entrance to the summer church a good Flemish painting - an image of Christ going to the crucifixion; purely Flemish peasant faces are taken in an unusually realistic, portrait manner, with an attempt to convey the mood.
Through the arch we enter the summer temple. Before us is a solemn round colonnade with an overhead light, giving an elegant, even magnificent impression, but not at all made in the spirit of an Orthodox church; the magnificent iconostasis has nothing in common with the ancient Russian iconostasis in the sense of the canonical distribution of icons and tiers. This is a beautifully executed architectural task in the classical spirit: the iconostasis evokes magnificent exits, gazebos, triumphal arches of the late 18th - early 19th centuries. Finally, the cast-iron floor is interesting, made from individual slabs folded into a beautiful pattern.”
Let us add that previously the cold and warm temples were separated by a glass partition with a glass door. The partition was dismantled when the temple was a “gallery”. However, there is no practical need for it now, since both parts of it are heated.
It should be noted that, in general, museum workers treated with care what the Bolsheviks did not confiscate. The eastern part of the temple (the rotunda itself with a magnificent iconostasis, cast-iron floors and an Empire chandelier), the iconostases of the chapels, beautifully crafted candlesticks in front of the icons, etc. remained intact. During the renovation work of 1947-1948, the paintings were partly whitened because there was not enough money for their full restoration.
Temple of the Icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow”,
otherwise called the Church of the Transfiguration in Ordyntsy, was built in several stages.
The oldest - western - part, which has survived to this day, was erected by the architect V.I. Bazhenov in 1783-1791. on the site of the bell tower and refectory stone church 1683-1685.
The eastern part was preserved for another 40 years, after which it was rebuilt in 1832-1836. under the leadership of O.I. Bove.
Church of the Icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow” is clickable
The name of Bolshaya Ordynka (as well as Malaya and alleys with the same name) comes from the Ordynskaya Sloboda that was previously here. There are several versions of the origin of this name.
The temple in Ordyntsy was first mentioned in documents as dedicated to Varlaam Khutynsky in 1571.
In the XIV century. here was the road leading to the Golden Horde.
The most common hypothesis was that Russians redeemed from the Horde, who were called Horde, were settled here.
There is an assumption that the area where the temple stands was given to them to build houses.
But relatively recently, documentary evidence was discovered that the Horde was the name given to people who carried tribute to the Horde, and since many workers were required to collect and transport it, the settlement was quite large - at the beginning of the 17th century there were 107 households in it, and by 1653 . - as many as 273 yards.
In 1683-1685. In place of the wooden one, a stone Church of the Transfiguration was built.
It was named Preobrazhensky in 1625, and designated as stone already in 1683-1685.
It was a quadrangle, crowned with a five-domed structure, with a refectory and tent-roofed bell tower, and with the main altar of the Transfiguration of the Lord.
The stone temple was gradually rebuilt in the 18th-19th centuries.
The temple received its now most famous name when it was built here in 1688.
near the icon of the Mother of God, the widow Evfimiya Akinfieva, sister of Patriarch Joachim, was miraculously healed.
In 1711 Tsarevna Natalya Alekseevna (sister of Peter I) even ordered a copy of the miraculous icon to take with her to the new capital.
Reduced exact copy of a Moscow icon (1710)
Features of iconography
The Moscow icon “Joy of All Who Sorrow” depicts the Virgin Mary and Child, above whom two angels with ripids hover.
Another pair of angels is depicted among the suffering people.
A special feature is the image of a number of saints above the suffering:
on the left - Sergius of Radonezh and Theodore Sikeot,
on the right are Gregory Dekapolit and Varlaam Khutynsky.
This indicates the patronal nature of the icon, which was probably painted specifically for the Transfiguration Church on Ordynka, where the chapel of St. Varlaam of Khutyn was located
(before the construction of the stone temple, there was a wooden church in his honor in its place).
Above the Mother of God there is an image of the Fatherland (one of the iconographic variants of the icons of the Holy Trinity, prohibited at the Great Moscow Council of 1667), and under her feet there is a cartouche containing the text of the kontakion for the icon.
One beautiful detail, unusual for Moscow churches, is that the candlesticks are located at the top, like small chandeliers, and in order to light a candle, you need to climb portable wooden ladders.
In December 1713 permission was given to build a special - Skorbyashchensky - chapel in honor of the icon.
This chapel was rebuilt in 1770. at the expense of G. Lyubovnikova.
Sorrow Church on Ordynka.
Opposite the Church of Sorrows on Ordynka there was the estate of the merchant A.I. Dolgov - brother of L.I. Dolgov, father-in-law of the architect V.I. Bazhenov.
At the expense of the owner of the estate in 1783. (according to some sources - in 1782) a complete reconstruction of the western part of the church began according to Bazhenov’s design.
The foundation stone for the refectory and bell tower took place on May 20, 1783; in 1791 The laying of the Varlaam chapel took place.
The narrow, slender bell tower with three tiers was uncharacteristic of its time: its tiers practically do not narrow at the top, rather resembling a high round tower ending in a hemisphere with a small spherical dome and a cross.
The decor of the bell tower is quite modest: half-columns, narrow arched openings of the bell tier, balustrades.
In contrast to the strict verticalism of the bell tower, the refectory - with porticoes of the Doric order and decorative round windows - is low and oriented towards the horizontal.
Clickable
During the War of 1812, the temple was severely damaged by the Moscow fire, and in 1832 it was built. A complete reconstruction of the eastern half began, funds for which were donated by the merchants brothers Kumanin and A.A. Dolgov.
The project was drawn up by the architect Osip Ivanovich Bove.
The new temple is a wide rotunda with a more varied decoration of porticoes and cornices compared to the refectory.
The upper light rotunda is crowned with a large dome with a small dome on a thin “neck”.
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