Which trees live long and for how many years. Life expectancy of trees of different species. Duration of deciduous trees

It’s an unforgettable feeling to be next to a long-lived tree. Just think, these are the most ancient living creatures on earth! They are eyewitnesses of all the great events of human civilization. The awareness of this fact alone leads to admiration.

The longest living trees on our planet are spruce. The age of the oldest spruce is estimated at 9550 years, it grows in the Swedish province of Dolarna. Interestingly, the spruce does not look old at all. Scientists analyzed the genetic information and discovered an unexpected coincidence: according to them, the slender spruce on Mount Fulu has the same genetic material as the remains below it. It turns out that after dying, the ancient tree, for unknown reasons, gave rise to a young shoot, thereby extending its life.

Norway spruce

The next on the list of long-lived trees include sequoia And baobab. Their age can reach 5000 years. In addition, sequoia is one of the tallest trees on the planet, the height of individual specimens reaches 115 meters. The bark of the Californian sequoia is very thick, in some places up to 30 centimeters. It has one unusual property: when it comes into contact with fire, it chars and turns into thermal protection for wood. When you walk among these giants, you get the impression that you are in a fairy tale.

Giant sequoias

The baobab is one of the thickest: the circumference of its trunk can be 9-10 meters, while it is small in height, only 18-25 meters. A unique feature of the baobab is its ability to absorb up to 120 thousand liters of water. Beneath the tree's thick bark are soft and porous tissues that absorb water like a sponge and are essential for the tree's survival during Africa's long drought.

Baobab

Third place in the list of long-lived trees is occupied by Yew and tree Banyan. Their age can reach 3000 years. The banyan tree, or, as it is also called, the forest tree, has not one, but thousands of trunks. In its center is the main trunk, thick shoots grow from it, from these shoots branches stretch down, which, having reached the soil, take root. After this, they begin to grow in thickness, and subsequently the secondary trunks become similar to the main trunk and begin to send out their young shoots...

One of the oldest banyan trees has been growing in India for more than 3 thousand years and consists of 3 thousand small and 3 thousand large trunks, each more than 60 meters high.

banyan tree

The Yew tree is remarkable in that it easily tolerates a lack of light.

Pine. Its age can reach 1200 years. However, one species of pine, the intermountain bristlecone pine, is 4,900 years old. At an altitude of 3000 meters on the border of California and Nevada in the USA, where these pines grow, the habitat is very harsh: the soil is poor in nutrients and precipitation is rare. It's amazing that they live in such conditions for thousands of years, while not a single plant can survive nearby.

Intermountain bristlecone pine

Common oak(petiolate), silver poplar, large-leaved linden They close the list of long-lived trees. Their age can reach 1000 years.

It is noteworthy that long-lived trees mainly include trees of the coniferous family. Coniferous forests make up more than a third of all forests on the planet; moreover, coniferous plants are indicators of air pollution; they are very sensitive to its purity. Most likely, it is precisely because of their longevity properties that coniferous trees are revered by many peoples. In Japan, various types of pines, junipers, spruces are considered a symbol of eternity and longevity, in Finland - a symbol of life, in China and Korea they personify loyalty and integrity, in Asia Minor - immortality and fertility. In Germany, spruce is considered a sacred tree.

Oysters can change their gender. During their life, the transformation from male to female and vice versa in oysters can occur repeatedly, and this depends on various factors. Usually, oysters are born in a male form, and then, having eaten well and become capable of producing offspring, they turn into a female.

The lifespan of trees primarily depends on the species and environmental conditions. Most live for about a century, but there are also record holders who are a thousand years old or more. Of course, we are talking about strong, healthy trees that are in favorable conditions and are not cut down by humans.

How to find out the age of a tree?

Before finding out how long trees live, it is useful to understand how their age is calculated. The fact is that they grow unevenly in width. Trees receive energy for development from the sun through photosynthesis. Of course, during periods of solar activity, growth is more active, and during periods of decreased solar intensity, growth slows down.

The expansion of a tree trunk occurs thanks to the cambium, a special tissue that creates living cells inward (toward the center of the trunk) and outward from itself (toward the bark). The cells that are found inside the cambium become part of the wood, a support system that carries nutrients from the roots to the leaves. Cells located on the outside of the cambium (under the bark) transport organic matter from the leaves to the roots, this tissue is called phloem.

In spring, the cambium creates wide cells with narrow walls. They are needed for more efficient and rapid delivery of nutrients and microelements. In autumn, the cambium produces narrow cells with thick walls, which give the tree trunk special strength. Thus, two types of fabrics are produced per year: one layer (spring) is lighter, the other layer (autumn) is much darker.

It is better to determine the number of stripes using a microscope and special dyes, since they are quite narrow. By the number of dark and light rings, one can estimate not only the age of the tree, but also the climatic conditions in which it grew. Wider dark areas indicate an unfavorable, cold autumn and long winter.

To find out the age of a tree, you need to cut it down. In some cases this is not possible or desirable.

In such a situation, the method of calculating average statistical indicators is used. At the level of one and a half meters, the circumference of the trunk is calculated (in centimeters) and divided by the constant π (~3.14), in this way the diameter of the tree is found.

This value is divided by the average annual growth for the plant species under study in a given region. The result is an approximate indicator of the tree's lifespan. Of course, this method only gives approximate figures. Moreover, the difference between them and the actual number of years can reach 20-30% or more.

Therefore, the most common method is to cut down the tree and count the number of rings.

What affects lifespan?

Before finding out how many years trees live, let's consider what affects their age. Life expectancy greatly depends on various natural conditions. The most influential factors include:

1. Genetic individual capabilities of the plant. At first glance, they are all the same, but in fact, trees vary in the shape and size of leaves, cambium activity, and other characteristics. All this has a strong impact on the adaptive capabilities of the plant to unfavorable conditions.
2. Soil characteristics. Its composition, saturation with water, saturation with microelements and nutrients. On depleted agricultural land, trees may not grow well, while across the road, on rich, uncultivated soil, plants can live for centuries.
3. Humidity and temperature have little effect, since the climate in each band is usually stable over a long period of time. The exception is global weather changes (ice ages). Of course, for short-lived plants, even a slight drought can have a fatal effect.
4. The characteristics of the terrain (presence of a slope, mountain or large buildings) greatly change the level of illumination, strength, direction of the wind and other important parameters. And they, in turn, significantly reduce or increase the life of the tree.
5. Characteristics of the forest. With a high density of tall trees growing nearby, the chances of a particular plant reaching significant size are quite small. This is also influenced by species diversity, for example, it is very difficult for a deciduous tree to grow in a dark coniferous forest.
6. Diseases and pests. Pests include insects that chew the bark and leaves, as well as animals and arthropods that eat the roots. Tree diseases are bacterial and fungal.

These are the most important natural conditions. But there are also artificial ones. A tree lives less in a heavily polluted urban environment. Conversely, life expectancy increases significantly in large parks, where there is no dirt, but plants are cared for and protected from pests and diseases.

In deciduous trees

Interestingly, the life expectancy of wild trees is much higher than that of cultivated fruit plants. This is due to the fact that man, using the method of selection, created crops that produced maximum yields in the shortest possible time. Such high productivity is directly related to the fact that the tree has little strength and resources left for itself; it gives everything into fruit. As a result, they live much shorter lives.

The most common fruit trees in our latitude are apple and pear trees. They live up to half a century maximum, but wild species can grow for 100-150 years. Other crops - plum, sea buckthorn - live up to 20-30 years. This is due to the fact that these crops traditionally grow in southern latitudes. For example, a peach in our strip generally does not live longer than 15 years.

All wild deciduous trees take much longer to grow. Aspen and alder live up to 150 years, walnut trees live on average 2 centuries. Elm, ash and birch grow up to 3 centuries, and beech lives up to 500 years. But the record holder is the oak tree - it lives on average for one and a half millennia. Of course, we are talking about the possible life potential of these tree species, since in real modern conditions no one will allow them to live more than 100-200 years.

In coniferous trees

Coniferous plants live much longer than deciduous trees. This is explained by lower metabolism and serious ability to adapt to harsh climatic conditions. The shape of the crown of a coniferous tree allows you to extract the maximum amount of energy that the sun can provide.

A highly branched root system also helps to survive, as well as the fact that even in winter the needles continue to produce nutrients, albeit in minimal quantities. At the same time, the roots are able to get minerals and water even from frozen ground. In this case, the needles are covered with wax, which prevents water from evaporating.

Fir is the shortest-lived plant among conifers and can exist for up to 2 centuries. Spruce is common among us and lives up to 600 years. European larch lives up to 500 years, and its Siberian counterpart lives up to 900 years (a clear example of the influence of low metabolism). Cedar pine lives up to 1000 years, but the main long-lived tree is pine, which lives on average 5 thousand years.

Pivot table

For clarity, let’s put the life expectancy of trees in a table; the world around us in our country gives us the following figures:

It is impossible to list every tree name and life expectancy in one table, since there are too many varieties.

TOP 10 oldest trees on the planet - video

Some trees decorate our planet for only a few decades, others live for thousands of years. As the environment deteriorates, the lifespan of trees decreases. Let's find out how long trees of different species live and how to determine their age.

How long do certain tree species live?

Let's first find out how long trees live under favorable conditions - if the tree grows in “its” climatic zone, without experiencing adverse effects.

Maple

The lifespan of a maple tree can reach 400-500 years. In Russia, such long-livers are rare. For example, the lifespan of the ash-leaf maple, imported from North America, does not exceed 100 years. Spreading tree with noticeable ornately shaped leaves.

Maple seeds can be carried very far - the two-winged fruits, falling, begin to rotate and, caught by the wind, fly away.

The height of maple plantations reaches 15-20 meters.

Beech

Beeches live 400-500 years. Widely distributed in European forests. Characteristic features:

• a smooth trunk that reaches a width of 2 m;
• maximum height – 30 m.

The tree grows slowly, but lives long. Beech has fruits that look like acorns. Moreover, they appear only in trees that have reached 40-50 years of age. Beech nuts have a unique ability to regulate metabolic processes.

Poplar

In nature, poplars grow for about 1000 years. This tree is actively planted in cities and along roads. If poplars have to grow in an unfavorable environment, they live less - 60-70 years.

Poplars can often be seen in industrial areas - they are planted here because of their ability to absorb radiation and harmful substances.

The height of poplars with columnar trunks reaches 35 meters. The leaves are round in shape. Poplar is a dioecious plant; there are female and male species. It is female trees that are the source of fluff, which causes allergies in many city residents.

Oak

Oak lives up to 1000 years. This is a well-known long-liver in our area. English oak (Quercusrobur) grows predominantly in Russia. There are approximately 600 species in the oak genus. Oak is easily recognized by its powerful trunk and spreading crown. Oak can also be unmistakably identified by the following characteristics:

• figured leaf of a uniquely beautiful shape;
• The original fruit is an acorn, which is adored by wild boars and pigs.

The tree is distributed throughout Europe. Oak wood is valued in furniture production.

Hornbeam

The hornbeam lives for about 300 years. It grows in Europe, less so in Transcaucasia and Asia Minor. It has a wide crown. Likes to grow in shaded deciduous forests. Growth is very slow. Belongs to the birch family. The leaves serve as excellent feed for livestock. Hornbeam fruits are used to obtain oil. Tree height – up to 30 m.

Linden

Linden lives on average 300-400 years, in some cases it can live 1000 years. There are many varieties of linden growing in Russia - Amur, Caucasian, large-leaved. The European linden can reach 40 meters in height. This beautiful tree is a source of linden blossom, which is actively used in cosmetology and medicine. Wood is easy to process - due to the softness of the fibers, it serves as an ideal raw material for carving.

Birch

The lifespan of birches is 100-150 years. If conditions are favorable, the tree can live 300 years. The distribution area of ​​birch stretches from French lands to Altai. The most common species is the warty or weeping birch (Betula Verrucosa). Average indicators of birch:

• height – up to 45 m;
• trunk girth – up to 1.5 meters.

The tree has several dwarf subspecies.

A young tree has a completely smooth, light brown trunk. Birch acquires its famous trunk color – white with black stripes – only after reaching 8 years of age.

Birch leaves are small, in the form of rounded triangles, the edges are jagged.

Ash

The average lifespan of an ash tree is 500 years. Its fruits are in the form of lionfish, falling off in winter. It has sparse foliage that allows the sun's rays to pass through well. Peculiarities:

• tree height – up to 30 m;
• trunk width – up to 1 m;

Ash wood is particularly durable, which is why it is valued in construction. Ash bark, its fruits and wood sap are used in medicine.

Elm

On average, elms live up to 300 years. The tree can grow as a shrub. Young trees have smooth bark, which hardens with age. The leaves are elongated, the seeds are winged fruits. The height of the elm is up to 40 m.

It grows on plains and hills, in shady places and in open sunny heath.

Chestnut

Chestnuts live from 200 to 300 years. Differs in original flowers and leaves. The height of the chestnut is up to 35 m. The inflorescences are in the form of cones. In autumn the fruits ripen - they are in a spiky capsule. Painkillers are made from the fruit.

Aspen

Lives on average 80-90 years, rarely lives to be 150 years old. It has a columnar trunk. It reaches a height of 35 m. In diameter - up to 1 m. It burns poorly - it is not valued as fuel.

Alder

The lifespan of alder is about 100 years. This is a unique tree that can improve the soil - it is enriched with nitrogen fertilizers. Raspberries and other shrubs grow well near the alder. Height – up to 20 m.

Pine

The tree lives on average up to 600 years. This is one of the most common trees in the forests of Europe and Russia. Widespread varieties of pine:

• Siberian cedar - lives up to 500 years;
• European cedar - lives up to 1200 years.

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) covers over 20% of the territory of the former USSR. Its height is from 20 to 40 m.

Spruce

Lives from 600 to 1200 years - depending on the species. Grows all over the world. There are species that grow in a certain area. They reach a height of 50 m. It has a cone-shaped crown. Seeds appear in the 20th year of life - they are contained in cones.

Fir

On average, they live 300-400 years. Can live up to 700 years. Coniferous plant with vertically growing cones. The tree is evergreen. The needles do not fall off even after the branches dry out. The height of the fir depends on the species.

Yew

Lives from 1500 to 2000 years. Under favorable conditions it can live 3000-4000 years. Yew berry grows very slowly. Height – 10-20, sometimes up to 28 m.

Thuja

Thuja lives 150-200 years. It is classified as a coniferous plant, but it does not have needles. This evergreen tree is unpretentious to soil, so it is one of the most popular ornamental plants. It reaches a height of 2.5 m. Thuja folded or giant can grow up to 6 m in height, thuja occidentalis - up to 20 m.

Juniper

On average, junipers live 200-300 years. There are species of juniper that live 500 years or more. Height and lifespan depend on the species. Maximum height – 8-12 m.

Apple tree

Life expectancy is from 100 years, depending on the species. This tree happens:

• fruity;
• decorative;
• growing wild.

The maximum height is 15 m; there are also low-growing shrubs among the apple trees. Trees vary in frost resistance and moisture needs.

Pear

Lives on average 70 years. Some species can live up to 150 years. Fruiting continues up to 50 years. There are approximately 60 species. Height - up to 20 m. Does not like to grow in places with high groundwater levels. To make the tree live longer, it should be planted at higher elevations

Plum

The plum tree lives no more than 20 years. The tree bears fruit already in the third year of life. Prefers moist soils. Doesn't like drafts. Reaches 15 m in height.

Cherry

The lifespan of cherries is 25 years. Does not grow higher than 10 m. Compact and productive. One cherry bears up to 20 kg of fruit. In wild conditions it lives up to 5 years longer.

Cherries

This heat-loving tree lives 25-30 years. Much more whimsical than cherries. Gives tasty and juicy fruits. It reaches a height of 8-12 m.

Apricot

Lives up to 100 years. It reaches a height of 5-8 m. It is not able to regulate fruiting - because of this, there is an overabundance of fruits. Drought resistant.

Rowan

Lives 50-80 years. It happens that some individuals live up to 200 years. There are 190 species. It comes in the form of a tree and a bush. Height – 8-12 m.

How to find out the age of a tree?

Receiving energy from the sun, trees grow at different rates, depending on solar activity. There are two ways to determine age - accurate and inaccurate, let's consider both.

Accurate – based on tree rings

To determine the exact age of a tree, you must first cut it down. Let's figure out why.

The trunk expands due to the cambium - a special tissue that creates cells in both directions - inside and outside the trunk. How the cambium develops depending on the time of year:

1. Spring. The cambium produces cells characterized by large width and narrow walls. Such cells deliver nutrients more efficiently. Fabrics formed in spring have a lighter shade.
2. Autumn. At this time of year, the cambium produces thick-walled cells that give the wood increased strength. The autumn layer differs from the spring layer in being darker in color.

By the number of stripes - light and dark, you can find out the age of the tree. To accurately determine the number of years lived, experts use:

• microscope;
• dyes.

If the dark stripe is wider than usual, it means that the tree survived a cold autumn and a long winter that year.

By the number of dark and light rings you can determine:

• how old is the tree;
• in what climatic conditions did the tree grow?

Inaccurate - based on indirect evidence

But how can you find out the age of a tree without cutting it down? In this case, a calculation is used based on average statistical indicators:

1. Determine the circumference of the trunk at a level of 1.5 m from the ground.
2. The resulting value is divided by 3.14 - the number “Pi”. The result obtained is the diameter of the trunk.
3. The diameter is divided by the average annual growth of a particular tree in the region under study.

The result obtained is not accurate; the error may be 20-30%.

Tree life tables

The average lifespan of some deciduous trees is given in Table 1.

Table 1

The average lifespan of some common coniferous trees is summarized in Table 2.

table 2

The average lifespan of fruit trees is summarized in Table 3.

Table 3

What affects lifespan?

The main factor influencing the lifespan of a tree is its type. Thus, fruit trees live the shortest - their lifespan is calculated in decades. But deciduous and coniferous trees can live for hundreds and even thousands of years - they are the basis of the “evergreen” forests of our planet.

Coniferous trees have a longer lifespan than their deciduous counterparts. Reasons for longevity:

• Representatives of coniferous species tolerate harsh climates more easily.
• Unpretentious regarding soil. They can grow on poor sandstones and clayey soils.
• Thanks to their branched root system, coniferous trees are hardy and absorb water from the soil well.
• Thanks to the special shape of the crown, they receive maximum solar energy even at high growth densities.
• The needles, unlike the leaves, have a small surface area and are covered with wax - this helps retain moisture in it.

The lifespan of coniferous trees can be influenced by the following factors:

• Genetics. Each plant has certain adaptation capabilities.
• Soil characteristics– the effect is much less than on the growth of deciduous trees.
• Humidity and temperature the effect is insignificant - coniferous trees grow in their usual environment. Their lifespan can only be affected by global climate change.
• Terrain– plain, slopes, mountains. The strength and direction of the wind depends on it.
• Forest density– the effect on coniferous trees is minimal, since their crowns are adapted to difficult conditions.
• Diseases and pests. Fungal and bacterial infections can significantly reduce the lifespan of any tree.

The lifespan of deciduous trees can vary greatly, even within the same species. The following factors may influence lifespan:

• Soil characteristics– its density, composition, saturation with nutrients and microelements.
• Climatic conditions– humidity, average annual temperature, wind strength and direction, other indicators.
• Environment– how close neighboring trees grow. If the growth density is high, then only the strongest individuals live long.
• Insects and other pests.
• Location– natural environment or urban conditions. It is clear that in a city where the air is polluted, trees live less.

Fruit trees

The lifespan of fruit trees is affected by:

• Type of fruit tree.
• Soil quality and...
• , treatment, winter insulation and other care measures.
• Destruction of pests, especially bark beetles, which can destroy a tree in a couple of years.

Why, despite increased care, do fruit trees live so short? Large harvests are expected from fruit trees. By artificially accelerating the growth of a tree, a person forces the tree to waste its resources - it, having used up its reserve of strength, weakens ahead of time and dies.

The oldest trees

Given favorable conditions and appropriate genetic capabilities, some trees can live for thousands of years:

• Pine Methuselah. The record holder for centenarians is growing in the western United States. Its location is California, National Forest, White Mountains. The tree is located at an elevation - 3000 m above sea level. Its exact location is a mystery. The staff of the reserve protect the tree from tourists who will definitely want to cut off a piece of bark from it or take a photo with it. The old tree needs peace.
  

  The age of the Methuselah pine is 4580 years. This is the oldest tree on the planet.

• Sequoia General Sherman. Location: USA, California, Sequoia National Park. This is the oldest and tallest sequoia in the world. Her age is 2300-2800 years. The height of the tree is 84 m. In girth it reaches 31 m - at the base. The tree is always full of tourists.
  

  The oldest sequoia in the world continues to grow - every year it adds 1.5 cm in girth.

• Skhtorashen plane tree from Nagorno-Karabakh. Its age is 2000 years. The height of the plane tree is 54 m. At the base there is a giant hollow, its area is about 45 square meters. m. Plane tree leaves reach 50 cm in length. Crown area – 1.5 thousand square meters. m, so the old plane tree is visible to astronauts in orbit.
• Chestnut "Tree of a Hundred Horses". Grows on Mount Etna, Sicily. The girth of the trunk is 58 m. Its approximate age is 2000-4000 years. The relic chestnut tree is located 8 km from the crater of the volcano; how it managed to survive so long is amazing!
• Cypress "Zoroastrian Sarv". Location: Yazd province, Iran. Age – 4000-4500 years. It was then, scientists believe, that the wheel was invented.
• Yew in the village of Hyangernyf, North Wales. Age – 4000 years.
• El Tikko. This tree is a clone of an old spruce tree, which is 9500 years old. Or rather, this is the age of its roots. The current spruce trunk is several hundred years old, its height is only 5 m. When the relict tree died, its roots sprouted.

Video about long-living trees. Watch an interesting video about the five oldest trees in the world:

Table 4 shows the life expectancy of long-lived trees:

Table 4

Trees are priceless - they are the beauty of our planet, clean air and a source of all kinds of benefits. It takes years before a tree grows. The task of man is to increase natural and artificial plantings. When planting trees for a specific purpose - decorative or economic, it is useful to know how many years it will decorate your garden, yard, city, world.

Trees are the plants with the longest lifespan. Domestic fruit trees can live more than 150 years. You can calculate the age of a tree by the number of rings on a cut of the tree. But this is not always an accurate fact. Several rings may appear in a year, or maybe not just one.

Coniferous trees live the longest. For example, the age of the Methuselah pine is 4772 years. The trunk circumference of this tree is 18 meters.

The oldest Tikko spruce. Its age is more than 9.5 thousand years.

Duration of fruit trees

Fruit trees can bear fruit for a long time, for example, apple and pear trees. The lifespan of these trees is approximately 100-150 years. Where climatic conditions are milder, they can grow longer than this period. The life of a fruit seedling depends on how fruitful the tree is. There are fruit trees with a short lifespan, for example, peach. Such a tree grows from 5 to 20 years. It depends on growth and living conditions.

Duration of deciduous trees

Trees grown from seeds are very strong and live much longer. In grafted trees that grew from cuttings, life expectancy is shortened by 5-10 years. Deciduous trees include birch and oak. Birch under normal conditions and a favorable climate can live 300 years. As for oak, it is long-lived, life expectancy is 1000-1500 years.

Duration of conifers

Coniferous trees live the longest, unlike other trees, as these trees can live in harsh weather conditions. Pine "Methuselah" is the oldest tree, it is listed in the Guinness Book of Records, its age is 4772 years.

The lifespan of all trees is affected by many different indicators:

• soil condition;
• weather;
• trees growing nearby;
• insect pests.

Consider the lifespan of some trees: 5000 years - sequoia; 1200 years old - cedar pine; 600 years old - juniper; 500 years - maple, chestnut; 400 - 500 years - eucalyptus; 400 years old - walnut, olive tree; 300 - 400 years-beech; 250 years - birch; 200 years - apple tree; 150-200 years - saxaul; 100 years - apricot; 80 years - rowan; 70 years - breadfruit; 50 years - quince; 25-30 years - sea buckthorn.

Proper care of people for trees can increase their lifespan, but this opinion is not always correct. People dream of harvesting faster and use artificial methods to achieve this. Trees from such influence lose their strength and become weak, stop bearing fruit and die altogether.

De-re-vya is a perennial plant . "Many years" This means that they live for many years. How long do trees live? Some live for tens of years, while others live for hundreds of years. There are de-re-vya-long-go-li-te-li on our plane, they live for more than a thousand years. Let's look at the table about the life span of some trees.

Long-lived is Se-quoya, her life expectancy is more than a thousand years.

It takes a de-re-vu many years to become big and powerful. How old is de-re-vu, you can find out by year-old rings on the saw blade. Every year it de-re-grows, forming a new annual ring. Attentively, look at the year-old rings, they contain the code for the history of the entire life of the tree.

All trees have a common structure. They have roots, a solid trunk covered with bark, branches forming the crown of the tree.

From the trees there are the thick trunks, the shape of the crown and the color and pattern of the bark. Ras-smo-rim ri-sun-ki and opre-de-lim de-re-vya on the bark.

Birch bark

Oak bark

And also the trees are separated from each other by their leaves, flowers, fruits, these-me-na-mi. They are of different sizes, shapes and colors. Consider the structure of the leaves.

The leaf is made of sheet metal and cherries. Simple leaves have one sheet of plate. Linden, oak, and aspen have such leaves.

Complex leaves consists of several sheets of plates, each of which has its own black-shock. Kash-ta-na, rya-bi-na, and ash have such leaves.

Sometimes in one place there are trees of the same type. For example, only birch, oak, spruce or aspen; such places have their own names.

Birch Grove

Du-bo-vaya grove or oak-ra-va

Pinery

TREE FLOWERS

Like all races, de-re-vya na-chi-na-yut flowers of spring. The willow and alder trees are in bloom first, and behind them are birch trees, rowan trees, and maples. Following him is an oak tree . In place of flowers, fruits appear. Ras-look-rim ri-sun-ki and define-de-lim de-re-vya according to their colors.

Che-re-mu-ha

FRUIT

Determine whether those de-re-vya are based on their fruits.

Maple fruits

Fruits of Rya-bi-na

Oak fruits

WOOD

How does a person use wood? ? Wood- this is the internal part of the tree without bark. People build houses from wood, make furniture, boo-ma-gu, use it as top-li-in and from-go-tav-li -there are different things.

Ku-star-ni-ki- this is a long-term plant. They live 10-20 years. The bushes do not have a main trunk; they have several hard trunks covered with bark. Let's get to know some of the people in front of this group.

The name comes from the word “bream”. The round leaves of this bush are shaped like fish. The fruits of les cabbage are nuts, they are edible. The second name of the ku-star-ni-ka is nut-nick.

Black-fruit-ripple-on

A bush with black fruits. The fruits are edible, have healing properties. The second name of this ku-star-ni-ka is Aronia.

Snowberry

This shrub got its name from the color of its fruits. The fruits are not edible.

HERBAL PLANTS

Herbaceous plants do not have a hard trunk; their stem is soft, juicy and green. Among the herbaceous races, there are also perennial plants.

Tansy comes to them. This plant is easy to recognize by its yellow flowers and leaves, which look like the leaves of a rowan plant.

Burdock or re-pei-nick. The fruits of this plant have hooks; if even one hook catches on the fur of an animal or the clothing of a person, and it is almost impossible to tear them off. It’s not for nothing that the expression exists: “Standing like a burr.” And blah-go-da-rya lo-pu-hu was made-but the opening was done - behind the stitch. It was invented in 1948 by the Swiss-royal engineer Georges de Mest-ra-lem, who once looked at it -pu-ha, pri-tse-piv-shi-e-sya to the fur of his so-ba-ki.

Among the herbaceous races, there are also one-year-old plants that live for one year. In the spring they sprout from seeds, in the summer they bloom, in the autumn they produce fruits from the seeds and from the world.

To the one-year-old grassy plants from the grazing bag. The fruits of this plant are shaped like a grazing bag.

Quinoa. The leaves of this plant are covered with hair, so it seems that they are sy-pa- we are flour.

Mok-ri-tsa. The name of the plant comes from the fact that it is always wet even in dry weather. Because of the flowers on the star-daughters, the plant has a second name - Star-chat.

WEEDS

Mok-ri-tsa, le-be-da and herd-tushya bag - these are wild-co-ras-tu-shy plants, which are one more thing on -title - weedy plants or weeds. They grow here in the fields and vegetable gardens along with the cultural races. Weeds devour large amounts of water and nutritional substances, thereby drowning out cultural resources grow and reduce the harvest.

Polling is one of the ways to fight weeds.

The next lesson will look at the topic “Leaf and coniferous trees.” During the lesson, we will divide the trees into two groups and find out their distinctive signs.

SOURCES

http://interneturok.ru/ru/school/okruj-mir/1-klass/zhivaya-priroda/derevya-kustarniki-travy?seconds=0