What is Kurban Bayram. Eid al-Adha and its eternal meaning. How is Eid al-Adha celebrated?

Last updated: 07/06/2015

On September 24, Muslims celebrate Eid al-Adha. This festival of sacrifice is the final part of the Hajj - the annual pilgrimage of followers of Islam to Mecca. Eid al-Fitr is celebrated 70 days after the holiday of Eid al-Adha on the 10th day of the month of Dhul-Hijjah in memory of the sacrifice of the prophet Ibrahim.

According to the Koran, an angel appeared to the prophet Ibrahim in a dream and conveyed to him a command from Allah to sacrifice his son. Ibrahim went to the Mina valley to the place where Mecca now stands and began preparations. Thus, Allah wanted to test the prophet and, convinced of his faith, at the last moment saved the son of Ibrahim, replacing him with a ram. The Almighty granted Prophet Ibrahim the successful birth of his second son - Ishaq (Isaac).

Celebrations traditionally last 3-4 days - they are a continuation of the holiday and are called “tashriq” days.

How do you relax on Eid al-Adha?

Eid al-Adha is considered a non-working holiday in Tatarstan, Chechnya, Dagestan, Bashkortostan and Crimea. This year the holiday falls on Thursday, September 24th.

Photo: www.globallookpress.com

How do you prepare and celebrate Eid al-Adha?

Muslims fast for 10 days before the holiday. Celebrations begin with early morning. Believers perform ablution, put on new clothes and go to the mosque for morning prayer (namaz). Then the mullah (clergyman) delivers a sermon, after which Muslims usually go to the cemetery to remember the dead.

The culmination of the holiday is the slaughter of an animal. The victim can be a ram, camel, bull or other ungulate. The custom allows for sacrifices not only for the living, but also for the dead. The animal must be at least 1 year old, healthy and not have any physical disabilities. It is believed that a sheep or goat can only be sacrificed from one person, and a cow, bull or camel can be sacrificed from seven people.

The meat of the sacrificial animal is divided into three parts: one is distributed to the poor, a treat is prepared from the second part for relatives, neighbors, and friends, and the Muslim can keep the third for himself. The meat of a sacrificial animal can be treated to non-Muslims, but it cannot be sold or exchanged for anything. Also, you should not leave meat for the post-holiday days.

They try to invite as many people as possible to the ritual meal. more people, first of all, the poor and hungry. The meat of a sacrificed animal is used to prepare traditional dishes. On the first day, these are heart and liver treats, on the second day - lamb head and leg soup, as well as fried or stewed meat with a side dish of beans, vegetables and rice, on the third and fourth days - bone soup, fried lamb ribs and traditional - pilaf, manti, shish kebab, lagman, chuchvara, roast and beshbarmak. Muslims also put sweets, homemade bread, flatbreads, pies and biscuits, as well as desserts made from raisins and almonds on the festive table.

This is one of the main Muslim holidays, during which Moscowabad is transformed and becomes even more like Mecca. The holiday of Eid al-Adha falls on the 10th day of the Muslim month of Dhu Al Hijjah, and in our calendar it wanders as it pleases, and can fall either in May or in January. In 2017, Kurban Bayram fell on September 1, which caused slight embarrassment among the principals of Moscow schools, may Allah protect them.

Kurban Bayram is the holiday of sacrifice. Therefore, during the holiday, Muslims massively slaughter innocent sheep, and in hotter countries, camels. The word “qurban” in Arabic means “sacrifice”, and “bayram” means “holiday” in Turkish.

The holiday is based on the ancient legend of Abraham (Ibrahim), who was suddenly ordered by God to sacrifice his son. Abraham, like a God-fearing uncle, did not dare to contradict God, and already raised the knife over his son... And here the Jewish legend diverges from the Muslim one: among the Jews an angel appears who stops Abraham, and among Muslims the knife loses its ability to cut. As a result, instead of his own son, Abraham slaughters the unfortunate ram.

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Eid al-Adha (Arabic for Eid al-Adha) ) - one of the main Islamic holidays. Kurban Bayram is called the holiday of sacrifice, but its essence is not in the ritual itself, but in getting closer to Allah with its help, according to the Muslims of Russia website.

What date is Eid al-Adha?

In 2018, Eid al-Fitr begins on August 21. This holiday lasts 3 days. Eid al-Fitr is celebrated on the 10th day of the Islamic month of Dhul-Hijjah lunar calendar.

What is the essence of Eid al-Adha?

In ancient times, Allah ordered Prophet Ibrahim to sacrifice his son Ismail. The Prophet submitted to his will, but God stopped the sacrifice: he only tested Ibrahim’s faith. Allah commanded the prophet to sacrifice a lamb.

On the holiday of Kurban Bayram, Muslims slaughter sacrificial animals, paying tribute to the highest degree of righteousness and love for Allah of the Prophet Ibrahim, writes RIA Novosti.

Eid al-Adha: celebration traditions

In the Muslim world, Eid al-Adha celebrations are non-working days.

Muslims have a tradition of voluntarily fasting for ten days before the holiday, and spending the night before Kurban Bayram in prayer.

In the morning, believers go to the mosque for morning prayer. Then, at special sites or in a mosque, they listen to a sermon in which they explain the meaning of the ritual of sacrifice.

At the end of the holiday prayer and before sunset on the third day, a sacrifice can be made. It is permissible to sacrifice camels, cows, buffalos, sheep or goats.

After the sacrifice, it is customary to arrange a ritual meal and invite the poor and hungry to it. During the Eid al-Adha holiday, drinking alcohol is prohibited. On these days, people receive guests, visit the graves of their ancestors, and try to give gifts to relatives and friends.

Kurban Bayram occupies a special place in the series of Muslim holidays. This custom has specific features. To ignorant people, its subtext may seem gloomy from the outside, but in fact, the triumph is bright and even heartfelt. In light of preparations for it in 2019, it is worth studying the history and philosophy of the holiday.

Kurban Bayram - the meaning of the holiday

Literally, the name Kurban Bayram is translated as “festival of sacrifice.” The Arabs call it Eid al-Adha, and the Turkic peoples call it by the designation already mentioned to us. Translated from Arabic, “qurban” (“zabih”) means “sacrifice.” As for the word “Bayram”, this is a common Turkic word meaning “holiday”.

To understand the meaning of the Eid al-Adha holiday, it is worth considering that Muslims attach a very deep meaning to these two words. In their understanding, everything that brings a person closer to Allah is called “qurban”. Moreover, the desire for God and spiritual approach to him requires self-denial and sacrifice. This is where the very concept of the holiday is revealed.

The emergence of Kurban Bayram

The emergence of this custom is of particular interest to researchers. Since Islam as a religion is several centuries younger than Christianity, certain biblical motifs can be traced in it. And the legend about the origin of the festival is largely intertwined with the legend about the sacrifice of Abraham.

The Koran tells that the angel Gabriel (in the Bible - Gabriel) once appeared to the prophet Ibrahim. He told the prophet that Allah requires him to make a sacrifice, and the sacrifice itself should be the son of Ibrahim. He was obedient to God and began to prepare for the slaughter. The Koran does not name the son, but it is generally accepted that his name was Ismail. According to legend, Ibrahim appeared in the valley where Mecca is located today. His son showed obedience to his father just as the prophet himself was obedient to Allah. Therefore, he did not resist, they both just prayed. In the end, it turned out that God only wanted to test Ibrahim's loyalty and the strength of his faith. The sacrifice was not made, Ismail remained alive, and Ibrahim was allowed to use a lamb instead of his son for slaughter. Moreover, according to legend, the prophet was rewarded for his meekness, and soon he had a second son, Ishak.

This legend became the starting point of the origin of Kurban Bayram. It should be noted that the date of the holiday is not fixed. It depends on the Hajj and the lunar calendar. Kurban Bayram is thus celebrated exactly 70 days after Uraza Bayram ends. In addition, the date of the celebration is calculated Supreme Court Saudi Arabia according to the position of the Moon. Thus, the holiday of Kurban Bayram in 2018 was celebrated on August 22, and next year in 2019 it will fall on August 12.

How is Kurban Bayram celebrated?

Muslims prepare for the solemn date in advance. The scenario of the Kurban Bayram holiday is well known; it is always carried out according to strictly defined rules. 10 days before Kurban, believers begin to fast and prepare for the festival. The eve is important - the so-called Day of Arafat. It is he who is decisive, because he symbolizes Ibrahim’s final readiness for sacrifice. According to the words of the Prophet Muhammad, on Arafat all the sins accumulated by a person over a whole year are atoned for.

Regardless of whether Kurban Bayram is held in Tatarstan, Dagestan, Bashkiria, Turkey or another Muslim country, believers must perform ablution from the early morning of the holiday, and then change into clean clothes. Next, everyone goes to the mosque, where prayer is read. After thanksgiving prayer completed, the mullah reads a sermon, and then the commemoration of the dead begins - for this you need to visit the cemetery.

An important part of the holiday is the ritual sacrifice itself. As a rule, rams are sacrificed on Eid al-Adha. However, the following animals may be suitable as prey:

goat;
camel;

Wealthy families donate one sheep for each family member. If a bull or a camel is sacrificed, then this large animal can “replace” up to seven people at once. However, not every family has the luxury of slaughtering several sheep. Therefore, the rules allow for the sacrifice of only one ram for the entire family.

While Muslims fast on previous days, this is prohibited on Kurban Bayram. Believers should eat deliciously, rejoice, congratulate loved ones and even ordinary people they meet on the street. At the same time, the holiday itself is considered, although common, but family. But the next day it is customary to go to visit and congratulate the owners on Kurban Bayram.

Customs of Kurban Bayram

Traditionally, during Lent, believers give out alms and try to do as many deeds as possible. But the main condition is prayerful preparation for the holiday. Kurban Bayram itself symbolizes mercy, love for both Allah and people. All this is reflected in the customs of the holiday.

Only a strong and completely healthy animal is selected for the sacrifice. Its skin is usually given to the mosque, and people do not just treat themselves to the meat. There is a tradition of dividing the carcass of a sacrificial ram into three parts. Of these, only one share remains with the family. The other two go to neighbors, relatives, and also to the poor.

Despite the need for sacrifice, this holiday is bright. It is customary to congratulate loved ones both in person and by mail. Therefore, cards are traditionally prepared for the holiday of Kurban Bayram. They may contain poetry or be written in prose.

As with any holiday, you can’t do without gifts. The best thing is traditionally considered to be the arrival of guests, whom they try to feed well. At the same time, on the first day of the holiday, it is customary to prepare dishes from the heart and liver of a sheep, and people try to treat themselves to meat on the following days. Children are given sweets and honey; for adults, a beautiful Koran would be appropriate as a gift. Celebrating Eid al-Adha is a must day off day, and in general the celebrations and fun last up to 3-4 days.

One of the main Islamic holidays - Kurban Bayram (Eid al-Adha) is celebrated by Muslims all over the world on the 10th day of the 12th month of the Muslim lunar calendar - Dhul-Hijjah. In 2019, according to the Gregorian calendar, the holiday begins on August 11.

Eid al-Fitr is the final part of the Hajj, the annual Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca. The holiday is celebrated in the Mina Valley near Mecca, and it lasts three days.

During Eid al-Fitr, believers sacrifice a ram or other livestock.

Story

The origin of the holiday is associated with the life and deeds of the prophet Ibrahim, known in the biblical tradition as Abraham.

The Prophet did not have children until he was 86 years old, until his first son, Ismail, was born. One day in a dream, Ibrahim saw that the Almighty was asking him to sacrifice his only son.

Not daring to resist the will of Allah, he came to the Mina valley, where the city of Mecca was later built. Here he made all the necessary preparations. Ismail did not resist his father, also being obedient to the will of God.

At the last moment, when the prophet was ready to make a sacrifice, Allah condescended to him, saying that he had passed the test, proving his humility and devotion. The victim was replaced with a ram. This is how the tradition of making sacrifices arose in Islam.

It was because of the events that happened in those distant times that Eid al-Adha, or in other words, the holiday of sacrifice, received its current name.

An elderly man on the day of the holiday of sacrifice, Kurban Bayram, in the village of Itum-Kale.

The essence of the holiday

Muslim theologians interpret the essence of the Eid al-Adha holiday differently, but everyone agrees that the main thing in it is not the process of sacrifice itself, but submission and fulfillment of the will of Allah.

The Qur'an says: “Neither their meat nor their blood reaches Allah, but your piety reaches Him. So He subjected them to you, so that you exalt Allah for leading you to the straight path, and you give joy to those who do good.” !"

The essence of the holiday is getting closer to God, turning to him. The very word "Kurban" in Muslim tradition means approaching. According to tradition, during the days of Kurban Bayram, a believer must show love and mercy to his neighbors and help those in need.

One third of the meat of the sacrificial animal is given to the poor as alms.

Sale of rams during the festival of sacrifice Eid al-Adha

Traditions and rituals

The first ten days of the month of Dhul-Hijjah are highly revered and valuable for Muslims all over the world; on these days one should fast and strive to do as many good deeds as possible. Good deeds include prayers and almsgiving, as well as additional fasting.

Therefore, it is advisable to fast in the first nine days of the month, especially on the Day of Arafat - the ninth day of the month of Dhul-Hijjah, which Muslims celebrate on August 10 in 2019. Prophet Muhammad said that fasting on the Day of Arafat atones for the sins of the previous and next year.

Fasting is prohibited on Eid al-Adha.

First of all, the holy Hajj ends with the holiday of Eid al-Adha. It is celebrated 70 days after the Islamic holiday of Eid al-Adha.

In those countries of the world where Islam is preached, this is a mandatory day off. On the eve of this Muslim holiday, the working day is shortened by one hour.

The Hajj ends with the holiday of sacrifice, Eid al-Fitr, which is especially revered and important for any devout Muslim.

Following the main tenets of Islam, every Muslim believer is obliged to make a pilgrimage to Mecca, the most sacred place for Islam, located on the Arabian Peninsula in the Arab country of Saudi Arabia, at least once in his life.

For a whole day, Muslims stand at this sacred mountain, spending all this time in prayer.

When celebrating Eid al-Fitr, Muslims should perform a complete ablution and wear clean and festive clothes. A festive prayer is performed in the mosque, after which a sermon (khutbah) is read. It usually begins with the glorification of Allah and the Prophet Muhammad, then explains the origin of the Hajj and the meaning of the ritual of sacrifice.

Sacrifice

The victim can be a ram, a camel or a cow. The victim must be at least six months old, healthy and free of any defects. If funds allow, it is advisable to sacrifice one sheep or goat per person, or a cow (camel) for no more than seven people, but you can also sacrifice one sheep (goat) for the entire family.

Custom allows for sacrifices to be made for the deceased if they have bequeathed to do so. One lamb per family is slaughtered.

Usually the skins of sacrificial animals are given to the mosque. The meat is boiled and eaten at a common meal, which can be attended by any Muslim, with an imam usually at the head of the table.

The Prophet Muhammad called on Muslims to perform sacrifices. He said: “On the Day of Judgment, the sacrificial animal will be on the cup of good deeds with its horns, hair and hooves. The blood shed on this day reaches its place with Allah before it reaches the earth. So purify your souls with it.”

Celebrating the day of sacrifice, even if it does not take place in Mecca, begins early in the morning. At dawn, Muslims go to the mosque for morning prayer, but first it is advisable to perform a ritual ablution - ghusl, put on new and neat clothes, and, if possible, anoint yourself with incense.

It is not recommended to eat before prayer. At the end morning prayer believers return home. Then they go again to the mosque or to a specially designated area (namazgah), where the mullah or imam-khatib delivers a sermon (khutbah).

After the holiday prayer, Muslims who have the opportunity to make a sacrifice do so.

Over the victim, any ordinary Muslim can pronounce a short formula: “Bismillah, Allah Akbar,” that is, “In the name of Allah, Allah is great!” Before the ram is slaughtered, it must be thrown to the ground with its head towards Mecca.

Islamic holidays for devout Muslims are an integral part of their everyday life, beliefs and life. They have been revered and strictly adhered to for many centuries, but they themselves, in essence, have remained virtually unchanged during this time and have not undergone any fundamental changes.

The material was prepared on the basis of open sources.