Biography. Kamensky Famous representatives of the genus

Kamensky

Kamensky
Description of the coat of arms: Coat of arms of the family of Counts Kamensky, manuscript, Kamensky Archive, Moscow, see text
Volume and sheet of the General Armorial:	V, 9
Title:	graphs
Part of the genealogy book:	VI, V
Nationality:	Grand Duchy of Moscow
Kamensky at Wikimedia Commons

Counts Kamensky

Counts Kamensky, according to the official version, come from the Tver branch of the ancient family of Ratshich-Akinfovich, and were written by the Kamensky “Old Exit”, in contrast to the Kamensky (Kaminsky) who left Poland. Stolnik Mikhail Sergeevich Kamensky, owner of estates in Bezhetsk district, served under Peter I as an officer in a regiment of the new system and was killed near Narva.

Entry in the Velvet Book, chapter XVII:

177. THE KAMENSKY KIND.
And Ivan the Black has 2 sons of Romanov, son Peter.
Peter has a son, Izmailo Kamenskaya.
(352) And Izmail Kamensky has children:
Semyon,
Yes Ivan,
Yes Mikhailo,
Yes Stepan,
Yes Nikita,
Yes Vasily; served in the Bezhetsky Verkh.
And the 4th son of Romanov, Poluekt Kamensky, has children:
Ivan,
Yes, Poluekt, nicknamed Another.
Ivan has a son, Andrei, who is childless.
And Poluekt and Drugov have children:
Not good
Yes Matvey.
Nekhoroshev has a son, Vasily.
And Dmitry’s 5th son Romanov has children:
Dmitry,
Yes Ivan.
And Dmitry has a son, Nechai.
And Ivan has children:
Fedor,
Yes Posnik,
Yes Vasily; and served in the Bezhetsky Verkh.

Description of the coat of arms

In the shield, which has a purple field in the middle, there is a small golden shield with the image of a black double-headed Crowned Eagle, on the chest of which in a red field one can see a warrior galloping on a white horse, striking a serpent with a spear, and holding a scepter and orb in his paws.

Above the shield is a silver crescent with horns facing down and a silver cross. In the lower half of the shield across the river, diagonally to the lower left corner, there is a bridge made of several pontoons, with boards selected between some of them.

The shield is covered with the Count's Crown, on the surface of which there is a helmet topped with the Count's Crown with one ostrich feather. The marking on the shield is purple lined with silver. On the right side of the shield, the soldier stationed holds a shield with one hand and a sword with the other end down, and on the left side an overturned Turkish Turban is visible. The coat of arms of the family of Count Kamensky is included in Part 5 of the General Arms of the Noble Families of the All-Russian Empire, p. 9.

Count Mikhailo Fedotovich Kamensky comes from an ancient noble family. The ancestors of his Mikhail Fedotovich, as shown in the certificate of the discharge Archive, served the Russian Throne of the Nobility in various ranks and were granted estates in 7155/1647 and other years; and on the 5th day of April 1797, by decree of HIS MAJESTY EMPEROR PAUL I, the aforementioned Mikhailo Fedotovich Kamensky, for his diligent service with the children and descendants born and henceforth born from him, was most mercifully granted the Count of the Russian Empire and to this dignity in 1799 March on the 25th day with a diploma, from which a copy is kept in the Heraldry.

Famous representatives of the genus

• Kamensky, Mikhail Fedotovich (1738-1809) - count, military leader.
• Kamensky, Sergei Mikhailovich (“Kamensky 1st”; 1771-1835) - count, military leader.
• Kamensky, Nikolai Mikhailovich (“Kamensky 2nd”; 1776-1811) - count, military leader.

Literature

• Bulychev A. A. Descendants of the “honest husband” Ratsha: genealogy of the nobles Kamensky, Kuritsyn and Volkov-Kuritsyn. M., 1994
• Kamensky N. The Ninth Century in the Service of Russia. From the history of Counts Kamensky. - M.: Velinor, 2004. ISBN 5-89626-018-0
• Ivanov N. M. “The husband is honest in the name of Ratsha.” (Historical and genealogical research-generalization). - St. Petersburg, 2005, −196 p.

Noble families of the Kamensky (Kamiensky)

Polish clans of Kamensky (Polish. Kamieński) are assigned to 30 coats of arms: Kholeva, Dolenga, Yastrzhenbets, Odrovonzh, Ravich, Slepovron.

The latter is included in part VI of the genealogy book of the Vilna province. Henryk Ivanovich Kamensky, general of the Polish troops, was killed in the battle of Ostroleka in . There are also several Kamensky clans of later origin.

Description of the coat of arms

Coat of arms of the Kamensky family, Armorial, VI, 137

The shield, which has a red field, depicts a silver rose and on its sides three golden cutters, used in gardens when cleaning trees.

The shield is topped with a noble helmet and a crown with peacock feathers. The border on the shield is red, lined with silver. The shield is held by two lions. The coat of arms is included in the General Arms of the Russian Empire, part 6, 1st section, p. 137.

Entry in the General Arms of the Noble Families of the All-Russian Empire:

The surname Kamensky comes from the Polish nobility. Yarosh Kamensky owned villages in Poland, which his grandson Ivan Kamensky shared with his brother Peter in 1696. Martyn Stepanov has acquired a special quality for himself. Ivan Mikhailov, son of Kamensky, left for the Orsha povet. Descended from this family, Luka, Vasily and Martyn Kamensky with their descendants, according to the decree of HIS MAJESTY of the blessed memory of EMPEROR PAUL I, who followed the report of the Governing Senate of September 1797 on the 11th day, were confirmed in the ancient nobility. All this is proven by various documents stored in the Heraldry.

Literature

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional ones). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
• A list of nobles of the Kingdom of Poland, with brief information about evidence of nobility. Warsaw, 1851.
• Dolgorukov P.V. Russian genealogy book. - St. Petersburg. : Type-I of E. Weimar, 1855. - T. 2. - P. 189.

see also

Notes

Links

• Coat of arms of the Kamensky family in the General Arms of Noble Families
• Coat of arms of the family of counts Kamensky in the General armorial of noble families
• Coat of arms of the Bantyshev-Kamensky family in the General Arms of Noble Families
• History of the Ryazan region: Kamensky. Archived from the original on October 17, 2012. Retrieved December 17, 2012.
• Tadeusz Gajl. Polish Armorial Middle Ages to 20th Century. - Gdańsk, 2007. - ISBN 978-83-60597-10-1

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

See what “Kamensky” is in other dictionaries:

Noble and count families. The oldest Kamensky family descends from a husband named Radsha, who left Germany for Russia at the end of the 12th century. His descendant in the seventh generation, Roman Ivanovich, became the ancestor of the Kamenskys. Field Marshal is from this family... Biographical Dictionary

Kamensky: 1) Count Mikhail Fedotovich (1738 1809) general field marshal, son of a military cadet who served as a cadet under Peter I, was brought up in the Gentry Corps; For 2 years (1758-59) he served as a volunteer in the French army, then participated in the 7 Years' War... ... Biographical Dictionary

Polish and Russian noble and count families. Counts K. are descended from Sergei Ivanovich K., who left Poland around 1620, and was promoted to Moscow nobles in 1655. His son Mikhail served as a solicitor and was killed in 1700 near Narva. Grandson of the latter... Large biographical encyclopedia

Kamensky- counts, military figures. Mich. Fedotovich (1738 1809) gene. Field Marshal. He took part in the Seven Years' War, after which he was sent to Prussia to become familiar with the military. system of Frederick the Great and became a fan of this system. In 1st Rus. tour. war... ... Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary

Coat of arms of the Kamensky family, Armorial, VI, 137 Kamensky Polish and Russian noble and count families. The Counts of Kamensky are descended from Sergei Ivanovich Kamensky, who left Poland around 1620 and was made a Moscow noble in 1655. His son Mikhail... ... Wikipedia

Famous commanders:

• Kamensky, Mikhail Fedotovich (1738-1809), field marshal
• Kamensky, Sergei Mikhailovich (“Kamensky 1st”; 1771-1835), infantry general
• Kamensky, Nikolai Mikhailovich (“Kamensky 2nd”; 1776-1811), infantry general

Counts Kamensky

The Counts of Kamensky, according to the official version, come from the Tver branch of the ancient family of Ratshich-Akinfovich, and were written by the Kamensky of the “old departure”, in contrast to the Kamensky (Kaminsky) who left Poland. The genealogy of the Kamenskys in the Velvet Book was brought up only to the 16th century, probably because at the time of its compilation, the Kamenskys served in the Bezhetsky upper region, far from Moscow, and were late in providing information.

Nobles Kamensky

The Kamensky nobles come from the Polish nobility. Yarosh Kamensky owned villages in Poland, which his grandson, Ivan Kamensky, (1696) shared with his brother Peter. Their descendants owned lands in Poland in the Orsha povet, and Luka, Vasily and Martyn Kamensky and their descendants, by decree of Paul I, according to the report of the Governing Senate on September 11, 1797, were confirmed in the ancient nobility.

Description of the coats of arms

Coat of arms of Kamensky 1785

Count's coat of arms. Part V. No. 9.

In the shield, which has a purple field in the middle, there is a small golden shield with the image of a black double-headed Crowned Eagle, on the chest of which in a red field one can see a warrior galloping on a white horse, striking a serpent with a spear, and holding a scepter and orb in his paws.

Above the shield is a silver crescent with its horns facing down and a silver cross. In the lower half of the shield across the river, diagonally to the lower left corner, there is a bridge made of several pontoons, with boards selected between some of them.

The shield is covered with a count's crown, on the surface of which is placed a helmet, topped with a count's crown with one ostrich feather. The border on the shield is purple, lined with silver. On the right side of the shield, the soldier standing there holds a shield with one hand, and with the other a sword lowered with the end down, and on the left side an overturned Turkish

Coat of arms of Kamensky- one of the official symbols of the city of Kamenskoye, Dnepropetrovsk region, approved on December 25, 1998 by a decision of the Dneprodzerzhinsk City Council.

Description

The shield is cut with crimson and gold. In the right (crimson) field there is an image of three gold spears crossed with their tips towards the top with flags. On the left (gold) is a stylized image of the Prometheus monument.

The coat of arms was a shield divided into two equal fields of red and azure and framed by a gold cartouche. On the black stripe superimposed on the cartouche there is a gold inscription “Dniprodzerzhinsk”. Also in the lower part of the cartouche there is an image of a hammer and sickle.

On the left (red) field of the coat of arms there is an image of the Prometheus monument - the revolutionary symbol of the city. On the right (azure) are a golden ladle, a retort and two golden garlands of insulators, which symbolize the metallurgical, chemical and energy industries.

see also

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An excerpt characterizing the Kamensky Coat of Arms

Vive ce roi vaillanti –
[Long live Henry the Fourth!
Long live this brave king!
etc. (French song) ]
sang Morel, winking his eye.
Se diable a quatre…
- Vivarika! Vif seruvaru! sit-down... - the soldier repeated, waving his hand and really catching the tune.
- Look, clever! Go go go go!.. - rough, joyful laughter rose from different sides. Morel, wincing, laughed too.
- Well, go ahead, go ahead!
Qui eut le triple talent,
De boire, de batre,
Et d'etre un vert galant...
[Having triple talent,
drink, fight
and be kind...]
– But it’s also complicated. Well, well, Zaletaev!..
“Kyu...” Zaletaev said with effort. “Kyu yu yu...” he drawled, carefully protruding his lips, “letriptala, de bu de ba and detravagala,” he sang.
- Hey, it’s important! That's it, guardian! oh... go go go! - Well, do you want to eat more?
- Give him some porridge; After all, it won’t be long before he gets enough of hunger.
Again they gave him porridge; and Morel, chuckling, began to work on the third pot. Joyful smiles were on all the faces of the young soldiers looking at Morel. The old soldiers, who considered it indecent to engage in such trifles, lay on the other side of the fire, but occasionally, raising themselves on their elbows, they looked at Morel with a smile.
“People too,” said one of them, dodging into his overcoat. - And wormwood grows on its root.
- Ooh! Lord, Lord! How stellar, passion! Towards the frost... - And everything fell silent.
The stars, as if knowing that now no one would see them, played out in the black sky. Now flaring up, now extinguishing, now shuddering, they busily whispered among themselves about something joyful, but mysterious.

X
The French troops gradually melted away in a mathematically correct progression. And that crossing of the Berezina, about which so much has been written, was only one of the intermediate stages in the destruction of the French army, and not at all a decisive episode of the campaign. If so much has been and is being written about the Berezina, then on the part of the French this happened only because on the broken Berezina Bridge, the disasters that the French army had previously suffered evenly here suddenly grouped together at one moment and into one tragic spectacle that remained in everyone’s memory. On the Russian side, they talked and wrote so much about the Berezina only because, far from the theater of war, in St. Petersburg, a plan was drawn up (by Pfuel) to capture Napoleon in a strategic trap on the Berezina River. Everyone was convinced that everything would actually happen exactly as planned, and therefore insisted that it was the Berezina crossing that destroyed the French. In essence, the results of the Berezinsky crossing were much less disastrous for the French in terms of the loss of guns and prisoners than Krasnoye, as the numbers show.

Igor Stankevich

It was not customary to talk about roots in my family. They diligently tried to erase the history of the ancestors from the Kamensky family from the Orsha region from family memory, to forget. After the repressions of the 1930s, they were afraid to talk about it, they didn’t want to dedicate it to their children and ruin their lives. Remembering it was not only scary, but also painful. The Kamensky family had never known such humiliation. The family was simply destroyed for its Polish roots, for being a nobleman. But history still made its way through oblivion, constantly emerging from ancient legends, fragments of traditions, old photographs and things, miraculously surviving letters and stories of a few eyewitnesses. Only now, thanks to accumulated archival materials and scraps of memories, it has been possible to piece together and reconstruct the history of the family, which was deeply woven into the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and Poland. And we can be proud of this history.

Kamensky in Orsha
The Polish Kamensky family came from Lida Povet, which was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The name of the earliest ancestor mentioned in the sources is Geronim Kamensky. He was born around 1560-90s. More details have been preserved about his son Yarosh Kamensky. It is known that Yarosh owned in the Lida povet “a family noble estate once from the kings of the Polish ancestors, called Rutkevichi” (Today it is the Shchuchinsky district of the Grodno region - I.S.).

Village Rutkevichi on the Yandex map

Yarosh's sons - Tobias (b. 1620), Yarosh and Krishtof divided their father's estate among themselves, about which a division sheet was drawn up in the Lida Zemstvo Court in 1644. Subsequently, Rutkevichi belonged to the Kamenskys for a long time. And only after one of Jarosz’s distant descendants, Mieczyslaw Karol Kamensky, took part in the uprising of 1863-1864, the estate was confiscated by the tsarist government. Mieczysław Karol himself was forced to flee from the Russian zone of occupation to Austro-Hungarian Krakow, and later to Paris. During the uprising he bore the pseudonym "Sapega". In his personal documents was a notarized appointment of the People's Government to lieutenant colonel of the people's troops, dated March 13, 1863.

Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Lida povet

At the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th centuries, Martin, the great-great-grandson of Krishtof Kamensky, acquired the “eternal noble estate” Dolginovo in Lida Povet. And his cousin Yan Kamensky “with Prince (Kazimir Yan - I.S.) Sapega went to the Belorussian region and on his Dubrovensky estate was engaged in noble service, where with the heiress of a lifelong estate amounting to six estates (about 90 hectares - I.S.) land in a dungeon called Vasilevshchina, he got married to the noblewoman Elisaveta Gurskaya and stayed to live.” This story is quite interesting.

Kazimir Jan Sapieha

Even during the Northern War of 1700-1721, during which Sweden fought for dominance over the Baltic lands, and its main opponents were the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia, the Great Hetman of Lithuania Casimir Jan Sapieha sided with the Swedes. In retaliation, a detachment of the Russian army burned Dubrovno. In 1715, the town, together with the volost, fell into the hands of the Russian prince Alexander Menshikov. And only after repentance for apostasy and subsequent forgiveness from the Polish king Augustus II, Sapieha regained the Dubroven region in 1719. Apparently, then he decided to restore order to the ruined estate, for which he invited Yan Kamensky. True, Sapega did not have time to finish what he started. In the spring of 1720, at the age of 83, he died. Dubrovno passed to his heirs, and Yan Kamensky settled on the lands of Orsha, laying the foundation of a new dynasty together with Elizaveta Gurskaya, a representative of an equally ancient family. They got married on July 18, 1720 in the Dubrovensky Church. In their marriage, they had three sons Lukash (b. 1726), Vasily (b. 1734) and Martin (b. 1745). Since then, many generations of Kamenskys have been married and baptized children in this church.

During the divisions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772-1795, the Orsha region was completely annexed by the Russian Empire. Already after the first partition on September 13, 1772, according to the Highest approved report of the Belarusian Governor-General Chernyshev, the gentry of the occupied lands were ordered to submit lists with evidence of their noble origin to the provincial cities. In a special order on the population census, the Governor-General instructed the Mogilev governor to order the gentry to submit through the zemstvo courts to the provincial chancelleries lists of persons of all noble families, with a detailed description of the origin of the clans, coats of arms, with all certificates and documents. After the decree of June 14, 1773, the gentry had to provide information about their origin in the Provincial Zemstvo Courts.

The Kamenskys also became concerned with collecting family letters. They even turned for help to relatives in Lida, who occupied prominent positions here: zemstvo clerks, police officers, city judges, and clergy. The family responded. And in 1773, and then in 1793, the Orsha provincial and Mogilev chief zemstvo courts ruled that “the Kamensky family in the fatherland is honored, ancient and legally enjoying the dignity of nobility, and also indisputably disposes of the family acquired real estate,” and the Kamenskys themselves are “recognized in noble dignity and the Decree of the Heraldry of 1797 approved in such a title.” The Russian Emperor Paul I himself made the decision to “raise their noble state to the primitive ancestors, which they proved, in which the report of His Imperial Majesty, with his own hand, the highest deigned to do so “therefore.”

At the same time, the ancient coat of arms of the Kamenskys “Rolya” or “Rolich” was officially approved. The general Russian armorial book contains the following description of the coat of arms: “The shield, which has a red field, depicts a silver rose and on its sides three gold cutters, used in gardens when cleaning trees. The shield is topped with a noble helmet and a crown with peacock feathers. The marking on the shield is red, lined with silver. The shield is held by two lions.” In the genealogical files of the Kamenskys it is mentioned that the coat of arms of “Rolya” was granted by King Casimir I back in 1036. However, no documents confirming this fact have been preserved in the archives. It is only known that the coat of arms has been used on many family documents since time immemorial.

Generational painting of the Kamenskys from the early 17th to early 19th centuries

The Kamenskys gradually settled throughout the Orsha region. The heirs of the settler Yan Kamensky, Vasily, Luka and Martin, “exempt from all taxes recorded in the revision of the Belarusian province under the County of Dubrovensky,” lived in the village of Bakhov, once granted to their maternal ancestors from the Gursky family, and their grandchildren settled not far from Orsha. In December 1833, widower nobleman Stanislav Vasilyevich Kamensky (b. 1763) with his sons Vikenty and Geronim (b. 1797), Geronim’s grandchildren “Joseph 16 years old, Franz Anton 12 years old, Augustine 10 years old, Peter-Paul 6 years old” lived in the Ruklino-Glyakovo estate on the left bank of the Dnieper. These were poor gentry, which, according to the revision of 1816, had only “three souls of the male peasantry,” and the Glyakovo farm occupied five lands (about 75 hectares - I.S.).

History has brought to us information about the descendants of Peter-Paul Kamensky (born 1827). He had three sons Alexander, Joseph (b. 1858) and Vincent. At the beginning of the twentieth century, they all lived in Glyakovo. The lists of settlements in the Mogilev province for 1910 indicate that in Glyakovo there were 3 courtyards in which 38 souls lived, and the Kamenskys who lived in them are designated as nobles and Catholics.

The sons were respected people and occupied prominent positions not only in Orsha, but also in the Mogilev province. As representatives of the nobility, they were periodically included in the jury. Thus, in the “list of the next reserve jurors elected by the Orsha commission to attend the sessions of the Mogilev court in one of the sessions of 1906” the tradesman Kamensky Vikenty Pavlovich and the nobleman Kamensky Joseph Pavlovich are mentioned. And the list of electors to the first State Duma of 1906 indicates that three brothers who lived in Glyakovo Baransk volost owned 14 dessiatinas (about 14 hectares - I.S.) of land. The list of landowners of the Orsha district for 1914 reported that the Kamensky brothers already had 29 acres of land in Glyakovo.

Kamensky families traditionally had many children. For example, Joseph Kamensky and his wife Maria from the Tsekhansky family (born in November 1858) had four children: Anna (born 1890), Victoria (born 1893), Peter (born 1895). ) and Anton (born 1898). Alexander Kamensky and Maria from the Burlo-Burditsky house had six children: Yadviga (born 1885), Alexandra (born 1887), Stanislava (born 1888), Mikhail (born 1893), Konstantin (born 1896), Nikolai (born 1900). Little information has been preserved about the family of Vikenty Kamensky. The names of his two daughters are known - Anna (born 1893) and Alexandra.

Kamensky Joseph Pavlovich and Maria Antonovna with their children (from left to right) Anna, Anton, Peter and Victoria. Photo from 1915. Apparently done before his son Peter was sent to the front

First World War

In 1914, the First World War broke out. The Russian Empire was one of the main actors in it. The Kamenskys also took part in the war.

The first to fall into the meat grinder of the war was Mikhail, the son of Alexander Kamensky. In May 1914, he graduated from the Polotsk Cadet Corps, and on August 1 he was enlisted as a second lieutenant in the Russian Army. After graduating from the Pavlovsk military school in St. Petersburg in December 1914, Mikhail was sent to the front. During battles with the Austro-Hungarians and Germans as part of the 3rd Army, he was seriously wounded twice.

On July 20, 1915, near Kholm, during a counterattack by Russian troops against the advancing enemy, Mikhail received his first wound in the head. For this battle he was awarded the Order of St. Anne, 4th degree, with the inscription “For courage.” Second Lieutenant Kamensky received his second wound and concussion during the famous Brusilov breakthrough in Galicia in the battle near the village of Svinyukha. This happened on September 3, 1916. For this battle, Mikhail was nominated to the Order of Stanislav with swords and cockade of the 3rd degree and St. Anne of the 3rd degree with swords and cockade.

In 1917, on the initiative of the National Polish Committee, the First Polish Corps was formed on the territory of Belarus under the leadership of General Dovbor-Musnitsky. It included soldiers and officers of the Russian army of Polish origin. Mikhail Kamensky enrolled in the corps. This happened on November 21, 1917 in Minsk. After the anti-Bolshevik rebellion and the refusal to disband and demobilize soldiers and officers, the corps retreated to Bobruisk and Slutsk, but then, with the support of German troops and detachments of the Belarusian Rada, went on the offensive. On February 20, 1918, the Dobborchiks captured Minsk, driving out the Bolsheviks from there. Mikhail served in the corps until its dissolution in May 1918. Together with the remnants of the formation, he went to Warsaw, where he joined the Polish Military Organization (POW).

Drawing by Mikhail Kamensky "Dovborchiki in 1917-1918 in Russia"

His brother Konstantin graduated from seven classes of the Polotsk Cadet Corps in May 1915 and was immediately drafted into the Imperial Army. After a four-month course at the Pavlovsk Military School in St. Petersburg, Konstantin was awarded the rank of warrant officer of the 1st detachment of the reserve battalion, and then appointed to the position of officer-instructor at the school for junior officers of the Kexholm Life Guards infantry regiment. On February 20, 1916, as part of the 16th infantry detachment of the same regiment, he was sent to the Southwestern Front.

The villages of Tristen, Porsk, Shelvov, the Stokhod River in Volyn - the battle route of Konstantin Kamensky lay here. In these places, in battles against the Germans and Austrians, the old Russian Imperial Guard was ground into powder. She was no longer there. The Kexholm regiment also suffered colossal losses. Only in July 1916, in an attack near the Stokhod River, the regiment lost more than half of its soldiers and even more officers.

Miraculously surviving bullets and shells, Konstantin fell ill with an infection. In October of the same year, he fell ill with typhoid fever and ended up in a rear evacuation hospital. But already in December he returned to duty as commander of the 4th detachment of the reserve battalion, and then again received the functions of an instructor officer at the school for junior officers in the Kexholm regiment. He teaches the new recruits the art of martial arts.

In 1917, Konstantin Kamensky found himself in the thick of revolutionary events - in Petrograd. In March he was transferred to the officer reserve of the Petrograd Military District, and on August 15 he was sent to the 2nd Corps Aeronautical Detachment as a balloon observer. But he watches not only the balls. Before his eyes, the first acts of a great drama are unfolding, which will radically change the life of the country. Events change with koleidoscopic speed. The bourgeois revolution took place in February. Power passes into the hands of the Provisional Government, Emperor Nicholas II abdicates the Russian throne. Chaos and confusion reign in Petrograd: bread riots, anti-war rallies, demonstrations, strikes, performances of the capital's garrison. And in October, during an armed uprising, the Military Revolutionary Committee seized power. The Kexholm regiment, in which Kamensky serves, after long hesitation goes over to the side of the rebels.

It is not known what the fate of officer Kamensky would have been had he remained in the capital of the Russian Empire, engulfed in a revolutionary fire, but in December he was overtaken by a relapse of a recently suffered illness. Konstantin was again in the hospital, and after being discharged in February 1918, he went home to an estate above the Dnieper. This ended his service in the Russian army. For courage and heroism, Konstantin Kamensky was awarded the Order of St. Anne, 3rd and 4th degrees, and St. Stanislav, 3rd degree.

Peter, son of Joseph Kamensky and cousin of Mikhail and Konstantin, was drafted into the Russian army after real school in May 1915. Having completed a five-month course at the officer school in Vilna in October of the same year, he went to the front with the rank of ensign. Here, until 1917, he commanded various detachments of the 4th Siberian Rifle Regiment. In 1917, Peter successively completed courses for sappers and then machine gunners. In March he was promoted to the rank of second lieutenant, and in May he was already the commander of a detachment of machine gunners. But on June 21, during one of the battles, Peter was wounded and spent two months in the hospital. After recovery, he ends up in the Grenadier Corps Aeronautical Detachment of the Russian Imperial Air Force as an observer.

In October, the Grenadier Regiment, in which Peter served, was stationed near Baranovichi. In distant Petrograd, the October Revolution had already taken place. The soldiers on the front line demanded to stop the war and disband the army. The Bolsheviks who came to power declare their withdrawal from the world war. The front is falling apart before our eyes. At this time, the German command was launching an offensive.

On October 30, 1917, near Baranovichi, the Germans launched an attack. They used poison gases to neutralize Russian artillery. This was the last German gas attack on the Eastern Front. Choking on blood, choking on the suffocating fumes of poisonous chlorine, the Russians launched a counterattack. The enemy was driven back. However, the losses were colossal. More than half of the personnel died on the battlefield. Pyotr Kamensky also took part in this battle. He was also gassed, but survived. After the hospital, the young officer returned home to Glyakovo. For the courage and heroism shown in battles, he was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav, 3rd degree, and St. Anne, 4th degree.

Field Marshal Mikhail Fedotovich Kamensky was short in stature, lean, broad in the shoulders, pleasant in face, and “in conversation - according to his biographer Bantysh-Kamensky - impatient and strange, sometimes very affectionate.” According to legend, Mikhail Fedotovich whipped his children, even when they were already in the ranks of generals. Having defeated the Turks near Sakultsy, the count put Sakultsy themselves and the nearby town of Gangur to fire and sword: all the inhabitants, including women and children, were slaughtered.

Catherine the Great called him crazy and tried not to allow him to take command: having accepted the army after the death of Prince Potemkin (whom the Empress loved all her life), Kamensky accused the deceased of embezzling government money and left his position only on the orders of the Empress herself.

His Moscow house was filled with dwarfs and dwarfs, Kalmyk women and Turkish women, the comedies of Voltaire and Marivaux were played in the home theater, and the countess's parrot sang Russian folk songs along with hay girls. The count was feared like fire in the house: he deeply despised people and was quick to take revenge. Kamensky flaunted his relationship with the courtyard girl throughout Moscow - returning from the army, he immediately left for the village to see his mistress. How the countess felt at the same time did not concern him at all. Mikhail Fedotovich was cool, unceremonious, brilliantly educated and distinguished by a purely Russian penchant for foolishness: he loved to wear a blue jacket with hare fur and yellow uniform trousers, with his hair tied at the back of his head in a bun. He was absolutely unpredictable and could do anything, without paying any attention to the ranks and titles of his interlocutor. When he was appointed governor-general of Ryazan, a local landowner once asked to see him. She entered the room where the count was playing with his beloved greyhound, and half a dozen puppies immediately flew into the lady’s face. There is no need to talk about what Mikhail Fedotovich did with his serfs - he put them in stocks, put iron collars on them, and often beat them to death.

Kamensky's career was cut short during the Napoleonic Wars. The count was appointed commander-in-chief of the Russian army located in Prussia, Derzhavin saw him off to the battlefield with verses: “Catherine’s remaining sword, damask steel, battle-worn!..” There is no clarity about what happened next: some said that the count’s mind was clouded , others believed that he was afraid of the military genius of Napoleon. Mikhail Fedotovich ordered the troops to return to Russia, and then voluntarily resigned his command and left for his village. There he lived, disgraced and excommunicated from the court - his end was unexpected and terrible.

Kamensky humiliated and tortured serfs, turned them over as soldiers and sent them to hard labor; he pampered and gave gifts only to his mistress, whom he trusted infinitely. However, the girl did not love the old man: at night a handsome young official who served in the provincial police would sneak into her room. If the count had died, they could have lived happily ever after, and the lovers made a decision... Now it was necessary to find someone who would decide to commit a crime.

This man was the servant whose brother Kamensky had marked with salty rods. The murder plan was developed by the favorite herself. At home, the count was surrounded by guards, only his infinitely devoted valet could enter his office, and at the entrance to the bedroom two huge wolfhounds were breaking from their chains. But he traveled without an escort, and his mistress knew all his daily plans - this circumstance played into the hands of the conspirators.

Count Kamensky went to Orel in a field marshal's uniform and a cocked hat with gold braid; the coachman and footman sat on the box. The master lounged freely in the carriage and did not notice how one of his grooms jumped onto the carriage box. A sharpened ax cut the field marshal's skull in two...

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His former concubine successfully married her policeman, but the murderer could not escape: the forest was cordoned off by an entire division, and in October, when the first frosts hit, the servant, half dead from hunger and cold, surrendered. An executioner specially brought from Moscow gave him a hundred lashes of the whip. He was a great master of his craft - after the last blow the unfortunate man died. In the same place where the count was hacked to death, his children installed a three-hundred-pound stone - at the end of the last century, peasants split it into four parts and sold it to Oryol.

The field marshal had three sons. One of them, born from the mistress who killed the count, promised to become a brilliant military man. For a minor offense he was exiled to a distant fortress, and there he drowned while swimming in a river. Of the count's legitimate children, the eldest son Sergei inherited the family estate and all his father's vices: he rose to the rank of general and became famous for almost destroying the Russian army at Rushchuk. The main passion of Sergei Mikhailovich Kamensky was his serf theater, which stood on Orel Cathedral Square and absorbed all the count’s attention and funds. During intermissions, the master personally flogged the artists who missed their cues (their screams often reached the audience) and collected the entrance fee himself. The count was sitting at the ticket office in a general's uniform, with a St. George's cross around his neck; the jokers paid him for their seats in copper coins (Kamensky had to count them in half an hour). At performances he was seated in the first row, his mother and daughters sat in the second, and his serf mistress with a huge portrait of Sergei Kamensky on her chest sat in the third. If she committed any offense, instead of this portrait she was given another one: in it the count was depicted from the back. If the master’s anger turned out to be very strong, a guard of courtyard people was placed at the door of the favorite, who came to her every quarter of an hour with the words: “It’s a sin, Akulina Vasilievna, you angered the master-priest, pray!” The poor woman had a hard time: on such days she prayed around the clock and made prostrations all night long.

The count spent hundreds of thousands of rubles a year on the theater: staging some performances cost him tens of thousands. At the same time, dirt and disorder reigned in the estate, the owner ate on greasy tablecloths and drank from cracked glasses. Sergei Kamensky inherited seven thousand souls from his father - and spent his entire fortune on the theater. When he died, his family had nothing to bury him with...

But the youngest son of Mikhail Fedotovich was known as an extraordinary person. Nikolai Kamensky was handsome, kind and brave; he distinguished himself during Suvorov's Italian campaign, and later became famous for the conquest of Finland. The count could choose a bride from any St. Petersburg house, but fell in love with the daughter of a German housekeeper - according to rumors, this love brought him to the grave. He met her in the house of his mother’s relatives, the princes Shcherbatovs; They noticed that the brilliant young general was not indifferent to the homeless woman, and they immediately married her to a seedy army officer. Having learned about this, Kamensky fell into hopeless despair... His mother tried to make him forget his grief and chose for Nikolai the most noble and richest bride in Moscow, Countess Anna Alekseevna Orlova-Chesmenskaya. The young lady was not distinguished by her beauty, but she was famous for her intelligence, ardent imagination and tender heart. It was rumored, however, that Peter III, who was killed by the Orlov brothers, cursed her father before his death (and Muscovites had no doubt that Princess Tarakanova, seduced and betrayed by Alexei Orlov, did not forgive the count). But this did not affect the fate of the count himself: he lived a long and successful life and died in his bed. His beloved daughter took the father’s blame: in every groom the princess saw only a dowry hunter. She fell in love with the handsome and clever Kamensky at first sight, but refused him, obeying some unaccountable impulse.

The unexpected refusal completely unsettled the young general, and he went into the army to heal his mental wounds through service. Dear Nikolai Kamensky began to delirium, lost his hearing, and by the end of the journey he almost lost his mind. The Count died without regaining consciousness. An autopsy found traces of poison... Orlova was so shocked by the death of her rejected groom that she gave up marriage forever. Anna Alekseevna outlived him by thirty years. According to the testimonies of her friends, until her last days she talked about Count Nikolai with the ardor and passion of a twenty-year-old girl in love.

In the old days, Muscovites were sure that a curse was also hanging over the Kamenskys - the old count was too hot-tempered and cruel, and by doing this he brought disaster on himself and his offspring. They also said that Nikolai Kamensky had the opportunity to rid his family of him, but he did not take advantage of it. When Kamensky, killed by his bride’s refusal, got into the carriage, a holy fool approached him and handed him a handkerchief: “Here, take it for good luck!” Nikolai Kamensky smiled, took the handkerchief and immediately gave it to his adjutant.

He was Count Arseny Andreevich Zakrevsky, the future Minister of Internal Affairs and Moscow Governor-General. He made a brilliant career, and Nikolai Kamensky - his family said that he gave his happiness to a friend - never crossed the threshold of his father’s house again. Twenty-two years after his death, the mansion was sold. The Kamenskys received 87 thousand rubles for it, but this did not save them from ruin. Later, the building was converted into an educational building; pigs and cows were kept in the park; Bekhterev and Vavilov, who taught at the Zootechnical Institute, brought him fame. Here the divisibility of the gene was discovered, but here the geneticists were ground into powder - the Kamensky house did not bring happiness to anyone. Now it stands empty, surrounded by scaffolding and construction debris, and is waiting for new owners: those who settle under this roof should better not think about the fate of the Kamensky counts...