After the conjunction but there is a comma. A combination of conjunctions at the beginning of a sentence. When the sentence is simple

In complex sentences consisting of three or more predicative parts, combinations of two subordinating conjunctions (WHAT IF, WHAT WHEN, etc.) and combinations of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions (AND HOW, AND ALTHOUGH, etc.) may occur.

1. Two subordinating conjunctions in a row can occur in complex sentences with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Compare two sentences:

And I'm telling you, What I'll go with you If you will go.
And I'm telling you, what if you will go, I will go with you (L. Tolstoy).

In the first example, the main part ( And I'm telling you...), followed by a subordinate clause (... I'll go with you...), relating to the main part. Such parts of the assumption are called clauses of the first degree. And the subordinate clause completes the sentence (... if you go), relating not to the main part, but to the first subordinate clause. Such parts of a sentence are called subordinate clauses of the second degree.

In the second case, the subordinate parts are rearranged: after the main part of the sentence there is a subordinate clause of the second degree, and then a subordinate clause of the first degree. It was in this situation that two subordinating conjunctions found themselves side by side: the conjunction WHAT, with the help of which a subordinate clause of the first degree is attached, and the conjunction IF, which attaches a subordinate clause of the second degree. In such a sentence, there is a comma between two subordinating conjunctions.

Please note: from such a sentence the subordinate clause of the second degree ( ...if you go...) can be easily removed without destroying the entire syntactic structure: And I'm telling you that... I'll go with you.

Now let's change this sentence a little again:

And I'm telling you, what if you will go, That I'll go with you.

In this example, the correlative word TO appeared in the last subordinate clause. This is the second part of the compound conjunction IF...THEN. As a result, there is no comma between the conjunctions WHAT and IF. Please note: here we cannot omit the second degree clause ( ...if you go...), since the word TO, which refers to the last part of the sentence, will be retained in the sentence.

It turns out that the conjunction WHAT joins a single construction of two parts connected by the conjunction IF... THEN, and therefore, a comma between the words WHAT and IF is not needed. Consider two more similar sentences, only with the conjunctions WHAT and WHEN.

This is because what, when the carriage stops, the speed slows down throughout your whole body (A. Tolstoy).
Egor made a remark that was unexpected for Levin: what when he lived with good gentlemen, Then he was pleased with his masters (according to L. Tolstoy).

A comma between the conjunctions WHAT and WHEN is only in that sentence where there is no word THEN.

2. In addition to complex sentences with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses, a similar situation can arise in constructions where both coordinating and subordinating connections are used simultaneously. In this case, there may be nearby coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. Compare two sentences:

Curtain rose, And How As soon as the audience saw their favorite, the theater began to tremble with applause and enthusiastic cries (Kuprin).
Curtain rose, And How only the public saw their favorite, So the theater trembled with applause and enthusiastic shouts.

Please note: in both examples, AND and HOW are next to each other, but there is a comma only in the first sentence. The fact is that in the second example there were a simple conjunction AND and a compound conjunction AS... SO. The second (correlative) part of the compound conjunction follows after the subordinate tense.

Try removing the subordinate clause from the sentence, starting with the word HOW before the next comma. This is possible only in the first case, and in the second sentence the meaning will be destroyed, since the second part of the compound conjunction SO will remain in the subordinate clause.

Compare two more sentences:

and although her words were familiar to Saburov, they suddenly made his heart ache (Simonov).
The woman talked and talked about her misfortunes, and although her words were familiar to Saburov, But They suddenly made my heart ache.

In the second sentence, there is no comma between the conjunction AND and the conjunction ALTHOUGH, since the concessive subordinate clause is followed by the conjunction BUT, which actually takes on the function of connecting the first and third parts of a complex sentence. For this reason, in the second example, the words AND ALTHOUGH turn into a single conjunction that does not require separation in writing using a comma.

So, you need to remember the following rules.

1. With sequential subordination, subordinating conjunctions may appear nearby (WHAT and IF, WHAT and WHEN, etc.). A comma is placed between them only if there are no correlative words THEN or THEN later in the sentence.

2. If in a complex sentence there are coordinating and subordinating conjunctions nearby (AND and ALTHOUGH, AND and HOW, etc.), then you need to find out whether after the subordinate part of the correlative words THEN, SO or another coordinating conjunction (A, BUT, HOWEVER and etc.). A comma is placed only when these words are missing after the subordinate clause.

Exercise

The hunting sign that if the first animal and the first bird are not missed, then the field will be happy, turned out to be true (L. Tolstoy).

She knew that if the letter was shown to her husband, he would not refuse her (according to Tolstoy).

He felt that if he faltered, then everything would immediately go to hell (Gogol).

It always happened with Levin that when the first shots were unsuccessful, he got excited, annoyed and shot poorly all day (Tolstoy).

It never occurred to him that if he and other foreign idealists were Russians in Russia, the Leninist regime would exterminate them immediately (Nabokov).

In this case, the Foolovites surprised the world with their ingratitude, and as soon as they found out that the mayor was having a bad time, they immediately deprived him of their popularity (Saltykov-Shchedrin).

In passing, he ran into a change shop and exchanged all his large paper for small ones, and although he lost it at the exchange, his wallet grew significantly fatter (according to Dostoevsky).

In the penultimate room Andrei Filippovich met him, and although there were quite a few other people in the room who were completely strangers to Mr. Golyadkin at the moment, our hero did not want to pay attention to such a circumstance (Dostoevsky).

By morning the temperature had dropped, and although I was as lethargic as a toad, I put on my purple robe over my maize yellow pajamas and went to the office where the telephone was (Nabokov).

It may very well be that if the forms do not coincide with my requirements, I will abandon my legal claim (Tolstoy).

Andrei Filippovich answered Mr. Golyadkin with such a look that if our hero had not already been completely killed, he would certainly have been killed another time (Dostoevsky).

She, for example, became more and more convinced that if the general conversation was at times conducted in French, then this was done by conspiracy for the sake of devilish amusement (according to Nabokov).

The regimental commander announced that if these scandals do not stop, then we must leave (Tolstoy).

He felt that if he admitted this, it would be proven to him that he was saying nonsense that had no meaning (Tolstoy).

Levin made the remark long ago that when it becomes awkward with people because of their excessive compliance and submissiveness, it will very soon become unbearable because of their excessive demands and pickiness (Tolstoy).

Yankel turned to him and said that Ostap was sitting in the city dungeon, and although it was difficult to persuade the guards, he hoped to get him a date (according to Gogol).

He also petitioned for the establishment of an academy, and when he received a refusal, without further thought he built a house for rent instead (Saltykov-Shchedrin).

Even from the sound of light footsteps on the stairs, he felt her approach, and although he was pleased with his speech, he became afraid of the upcoming explanation... (Tolstoy).

_ although no one asked themselves why anyone cared that the mayor was sleeping on a glacier and not in an ordinary bedroom, everyone was worried (Saltykov-Shchedrin).

But their hopes did not come true, and when the fields were freed from snow in the spring, the Foolovites, not without amazement, saw that they were standing completely naked (Saltykov-Shchedrin).

In a word, he thoroughly studied mythology, and although he loved to pretend to be pious, in essence he was the worst idolater (Saltykov-Shchedrin).

I loved visiting them, and although I ate terribly, like everyone else who visited them, although it was very harmful for me, I was always glad to go to them (Gogol).

She told him to hide under the bed, and as soon as the anxiety passed, she called her maid, a captive Tatar, and gave her the order to carefully take him out into the garden and from there send him over the fence (Gogol).

The grammarians started first, and as soon as the rhetoricians intervened, they already ran away and stood on the heights to watch the battle (according to Gogol).

1. When there are two adjacent subordinating conjunctions (or a subordinating conjunction and a conjunctive word), as well as when a coordinating conjunction and a subordinating (or conjunctive word) meet, a comma is placed between them, if the removal of the subordinate clause does not require restructuring of the main clause (practically - if no further follows the second part of the double conjunction then, yes, but, the presence of which requires such a restructuring), for example: The maid was an orphan who, in order to feed herself, had to go into service (L. Tolstoy) (the subordinate part to feed can be omitted or rearranged to another place in the sentence without restructuring the main part); Finally, he felt that he could no longer do it, that no force would move him from his place, and that if he now sat down, he would no longer get up (B. Polevoy) (conditional clause with a conjunction if it can be omitted or rearranged); And the woman kept talking and talking about her misfortunes, and, although her words were familiar, Saburov’s heart suddenly ached from them (Simonov) (when removing the subordinate clause with the conjunction Although the prepositional-pronominal combination from them becomes unclear, but structurally such an exclusion is possible, therefore a comma is usually placed between the coordinating and subordinating conjunctions in such cases).

If the subordinate clause is followed by the second part of a double conjunction, then a comma is not placed between the previous two conjunctions, for example: The blind man knew that the sun was looking into the room and that if he extended his hand out the window, dew would fall from the bushes (Korolenko) (subordinate conditional with a conjunction if it cannot be omitted or rearranged without restructuring the subordinating sentence, since the words something and that will be nearby); The woman’s legs were burned and barefoot, and when she spoke, she scooped up warm dust with her hand to her inflamed feet, as if trying to soothe the pain (Simonov) (when removing or rearranging the subordinate tense with the conjunction when the words are nearby And And That).

Wed. also: A thunderstorm was approaching, and when clouds covered the entire sky, it became dark as at twilight. - A thunderstorm was approaching, and when the clouds covered the entire sky, it became dark, like twilight (in the second case, after the conjunction and, joining a complex sentence, a comma is not placed); The preparations dragged on, and when everything was ready to leave, there was no point in going (after the opposing union A in these cases, as a rule, a comma is not placed, since neither the removal nor the rearrangement of the subordinate clause following the conjunction is possible).

In sentences like “He left a long time ago, and where he is now, I don’t know,” a comma after the conjunction And not installed.

2. A comma is usually not placed between an connecting conjunction (after a period) and a subordinating conjunction, for example: And who you are, I know; Why this is being said, I don’t understand. The possibility of placing a comma after other connecting conjunctions is associated with the intonation-semantic highlighting of the subordinate clause, for example: However, if you so insist on your proposal, I am ready to accept it.

Punctuation marks in complex sentences with conjunction and non-conjunction connections. Complex sentence with different types communications.

Clue. Answers to the questions: what is a complex sentence and types of subordinate clauses can be found in tasks A24 and B6.

Rule.

The following algorithm will help you put punctuation marks in such sentences:

Trap!

If the subordinate clauses are homogeneous and there is a conjunction “I” between them, then before the second subordinate clause the repeated subordinating conjunction is skipped.

[This time I was already happy] , ( When the bell rang) And (Yurka burst into me).

It can be easily restored from context:

This time I was already happy when the bell rang and When Yurka barged into me).

This sentence follows the pattern: , () AND/OR ().

1. A comma at the junction of two conjunctions.

A comma at the junction of conjunctions can be used in two cases:

When between two stems connected by coordinating conjunctions, a subordinate clause is inserted, depending on the second stem.

With sequential subordination of subordinate clauses, when the second subordinate clause depends on the first, but at the same time requires a position in front of it.

Rule.

Algorithm of actions.

1. Highlight grammatical basics.

2. Identify conjunctions and determine whether they are coordinating or subordinating.

3. Determine the main and subordinate clauses (main - those from which the question is asked; subordinate - to which the question is asked).

4. Determine the boundaries of simple sentences that are part of a complex one (conjunctions are often indicate to the beginning of new grammatical basics!).

5. Add punctuation marks.

Analysis of the task.

Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?

Lucy was gently persistent (1) and (2) although it was difficult to remember everything (3) gradually the old woman told (4) how it was.

First, let's define the grammatical basics and highlight which of them are the main ones and which are the subordinate ones.

[Lucy was gently insistent] and [(although it was difficult to remember everything o) gradually the old woman told] (how it was).

Thus we get:

According to the rules, in a complex sentence with heterogeneous subordinate clauses, all grammatical bases must be separated from each other by commas.

BUT! In this sentence there is a junction of conjunctions AND ALTHOUGH. We read the proposal. In its second part there is no continuation of the conjunction THAT, SO, BUT, therefore a comma is placed between the conjunctions: AND, ALTHOUGH.

[Lucy was gently insistent], (1) and, (2) [(although it was difficult to remember everything o), (3) gradually the old woman told], (4) (how it happened).

The correct answer is option No. 2.

Practice.

1. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?

It was getting dark (1) and (2) when we entered a sparse birch grove (3) the white trunks seemed to us like bright paper stripes stuck on the purple twilight.

1) 1, 2, 3 2) 2, 3 3) 3 4) 1, 2

2. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?

At the fifteenth mile the rear tire burst (1) and (2) while he was repairing it on the edge of the ditch (3) the larks were ringing over the fields (4) as if they were worried about him.

1) 1, 3, 4 2) 1, 2, 3, 4 3) 2, 3 4) 1, 2, 4

3. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?

Kurin suddenly remembered the desperate eyes and perky freckles of the girl instructor (1) and (2) despite the fact that in front of him now there was a boring gray road (3) and he had to walk a few more kilometers under the scorching sun (4) he suddenly felt cheerful.

Dear employees of gramota.ru, this is the third time I’ve asked a question and I can’t find the answer on the page. I always thought the house number was a clarification, but my colleagues argue with me. Resolve the editorial dispute! Is it necessary comma AFTER but measure of the house if the offer continues. For example: The meeting at Lenin, 25, is postponed to Friday.

The question is controversial. Address details can be considered both as elements of enumeration (acting as homogeneous members of a sentence) and as clarifying members of a sentence. Both solutions are possible.


	Question No. 295382

Hello, please tell me if it is necessary in the following sentence comma after but before if. And why it is needed/not needed. A person can be a genius or have all the necessary skills, but if he doesn't believe in himself, he won't give it his all. Thank you.