Jargon - examples, usage and types. Youth slang Slang sentences

E. N. Shagalova The newest explanatory dictionary of the Russian language of the 21st century About 1500 words PREFACE Active borrowing of foreign words by the Russian language, primarily Anglicisms, which began during Perestroika, when new political,

What are jargons, what examples from the Russian language can you give?

Jargons are words inherent in an artificial language, jargon. This language is used in certain narrow circles and is usually not understandable to an outsider. Jargons do not necessarily have a negative connotation; they are often used in both professional and youth circles. Examples of youth slang (from those that I like): extinguish (hide), loser (loser), It’s you on the userpic, etc.

Jargons are words from slang. Jargon is a unique form of communication formed in some circles, expressed in the use of some unofficially invented words and designations.

For example, the most famous jargon is prison jargon. Some words in nm were invented so that they could speak to each other about forbidden topics and so that the guards could not understand the meaning.

Here are examples of some prison words:

radish- bad person. Apparently it arose from the fact that the radish is red in appearance, but white inside. That is, a radish is a person who seems to be for the Red Army, but in fact for the White Army. Radishes are usually planted (the plant is in the ground, and the person is in prison).

freyfeya- good man. Probably formed from the merger of two words free - freedom and fairy, that is, a fairy from freedom (for example, a prisoner’s girl who visits him), but this is just my version.

Jargon- a word or slang expression that is used in literary language.

Jargon- from the French jargon - talk, gibberish, incomprehensible language. Speech of a certain group of people who are united by location, interests or occupation.

For example:

Computer jargon (slang):

• job - working
• buggy - stopped working
• firewood - drivers
• Windows - Windows operating system
• window - Windows shell
• user/usver - user
• register - register
• keyboard - keyboard
• server - server
• hack - hack
• A cracked program is a program that requires a license key renewal
• cracker - specialist in extending the demo version of the program

Prison jargon:

• little guy - note
• ksiva - identity document
• rooster - a newcomer, lowered by experienced prisoners
• Urka - escaped prisoner
• fraer - one who is free
• freeman - a woman who is free
• parasha - toilet
• crosses - St. Petersburg prison
• absentee student - a naive girl waiting for a prisoner to be released
• lean back - leave the zone
• filter the market - watch the words
• no bazaar - no questions

School jargon:

• teacher / uchiha - teacher
• pair - deuce
• triple - triple
• spur - cheat sheet
• mathematics, Russian, history, etc. - teachers of mathematics, Russian language, history
• contra - test
• homework - homework
• class teacher - class teacher
• student - head teacher
• physical education - physical education
• nerd - an excellent student-know-it-all (for some reason he is considered slow)

Youth jargon (slang):

• chick, tlka, dude - girl
• dude, man - guy
• gavrik, shibzdyk - obsessive youngster
• pick up, pick up a tlka - seduce a girl
• disco - disco
• clubber - club
• fall into the clubhouse - go to the club
• party - party
• show off - show off
• base, hut - apartment
• lineages, ancestors - parents
• boy major - the spoiled child of wealthy parents
• chatter - talk
• trumpet, mobile - mobile phone
• amazing - amazing
• freaky, awesome - cool, wonderful
• outfit, clothes - clothes
• prt - like it
• nope, it’s annoying - I don’t like it
• Mouzon - music
• ult - a word expressing delight = amazing

• Jargonisms are usually called words or slang expressions that are sometimes used to replace literary speech. Jargon is often used in a criminal environment or as a form of conspiracy. Examples -

  • little guy - note
  • prog - computer program
  • spur - cheat sheet.

• Jargons are units of jargon. Jargon is a specialized type of language used between members of a particular profession or hobby, characterized by the use of terms that are unfamiliar to most people. Slang speakers may also use common words in unusual ways, reflecting common usage within their group. Jargon is essentially the language of technical terms and can be confusing to people who are not familiar with the topic being discussed.

  The word slang is actually originally derived from an old French word that means birds chirping. Therefore, the use of slang dates back to the 1300s, when people also used the word to refer to complex technical conversations.

  Jargons are units of slang or slang expressions that are used in certain social or professional groups. For example, there is military jargon, there is cabin crew jargon (example: nauseous passengers), there is youth jargon, and so on.

  If you try to explain in simple language what it is jargon, then we can say that these are highly specialized words that are used by a group of people united by common interests/occupation.

  For example, school jargon:

  • teacher - teacher (physics student, Russian student, chemical student - from the same opera, only these words refer to a teacher who teaches a certain subject)
  • physical education - physical education
  • spur - cheat sheet
  • homework - homework

  In this case, these jargons refer to a group of schoolchildren who actively use them when communicating with each other.

  And there are a lot of such examples that can be given, but I think the meaning is clear.

  In order to understand what the word jargon means, you must first know the meaning of the word jargon, and this is a dialect of this or that group of people who transform some words into others that are understandable only to them, such as many people in our country They know that the word wheelbarrow means a car. Well, a group or phrase of such words is called jargon...

  Jargons are slang words or expressions. People who use jargon have common interests. We can also say that these people are united along social lines. For example: youth, professional, prison, student.

  Examples of jargon: cool - fashionable or businesslike, bucks - dollars, dude - guy (borrowed, by the way, from the gypsy language), wheelbarrow - car.

  Jargonisms are the same thing as jargon, the peculiar expressions of individual people in certain groups, rockers, metalheads (once there were), bikers, even every enterprise has a certain jargon that only people working there understand.

  There is youth jargon, which at times may even be understandable only to some companies, for example, they themselves came up with it.

  beat, kill - kill

  girl - sheep, heifer, chuvyrla

  outfit - outfit

  information - info

  Types of jargon: army jargon, journalistic jargon, computer slang, gaming jargon, network jargon, scum jargon, Fidonet jargon, youth slang, amateur radio jargon, drug addict slang, football junkie slang, criminal jargon, fenya.

  Let's look at some of them.

  Youth slang

  For example, youth slang.

  Youth slang, examples of which we will give below, is growing every year. Perhaps the most voluminous collection of “spoiled” words is the slang of youth. Their vocabulary mainly consists of words and phrases borrowed from a foreign language. Foreign speech in the Russian version has achieved such distribution thanks to its widespread use. Therefore, modern youth slang is increasingly similar to the speech of an American with a Russian accent. The most commonly used examples of youth slang words are the following:

  · Freebies, hack work - free, irresponsible.

  · Krasava - well done.

  · Earn money, catch a jackpot - make money, sometimes illegally.

  · Sniffed - I understood, and sometimes in the meaning of “sneaked away” - I left, ran away.

  · To run away - to run for something.

  · To storm, to smoke, to be carried away - to be under the influence of narcotic substances.

  · Bratella, brother - brother, same age.

  · Hanging out, hanging out - dancing, going to clubs and parties.

  · Rodaki are parents.

  · Dad, grandfather - dad, father.

  These words of youth slang are familiar to almost all of us, as they have firmly entered our vocabulary due to their prevalence and recognition.

  Statistics show that slang is characteristic of young people from 12 to 22 years old. When young people enter conscious adult life, they stop actively using slang expressions.

  Girlfriends from the 2010s are making plans for the evening:

  “We won’t be able to go for a walk today, the weather is just crap, it’s been raining all day and it’s cold! That’s why go to the club, I think. Just don’t ask me to take a DSLR, it’s too heavy for shock. I’ll take a soap dish, enough for us to take pictures. And my friend this hipster , don’t take it. He may be a crazy guy, but he’s too wild when he drinks. Whenever I’m at your stop, I’ll give it to the beggar, otherwise there’s no money on the phone. Get out there right away.”

  Criminal jargon

  Criminal jargon can be defined as a natural phenomenon that reflects the specifics of the criminal subculture, the degree of organization and professionalization of the criminal environment.

  The reasons for the emergence of criminal (thieves') jargon, according to Yu. Dubyanin, a major expert on the criminal subculture, lie, first of all, in the perverted psychology of criminals - repeat offenders, the essence of which is characterized by the peculiarity of their personality. By artificially creating and instilling in themselves and others the opinion of their exclusivity, devotion, extraordinaryness and superiority over others, they contribute to the spread of the opinion of the supposedly real integrity of criminal authorities.

  Criminal jargon (fenya, criminal music, etc.) is in constant development. Currently it contains more than 15,000 words and phrases. Depending on the region, the meanings of individual words may not be the same. The main part of it is thieves' or prison jargon. The jargon of pimps and prostitutes, drug addicts, minors, etc. is highlighted as its constituent parts.

  Most researchers believe that the thieves' jargon is based on the language of the ofeni (peddlers) - small traders who walked around the country and sold goods, so to speak, consumer goods: linen, icons, jewelry, certain types of products, etc.

  Many researchers believe that in the process of developing thieves' (criminal) jargon, it absorbed a significant number of words from the jargon of sailors, beggars, etc.

  Why was criminal jargon invented and why does it exist? First of all, it is intended to encrypt messages so that the uninitiated cannot understand what is being said, or would misunderstand.

  One of the functions of criminal jargon is to identify individuals sent by law enforcement agencies. Usually, persons posing as thieves in law, other major authorities, or simply introduced into the criminal environment to carry out some task, successfully fail the language “exam.”

  Criminal jargon also provides the internal life of the criminal community, associated with entertainment, sex life, work, etc.

  It should be noted that criminal jargon spreads very quickly among minors. The reason for this is its expressiveness, imagery, mystery, etc.

  Many words and phrases have long and firmly entered the everyday language and are no longer perceived as vocabulary related to criminal jargon. For example, almost no newspaper article can do without the capacious slang word “lawlessness.” The expressions “put up against the wall” (sentenced to capital punishment), “tower” (execution), “cop, garbage” (OVD officer), “informer” (informant), etc. have become common.

  Nowadays, naturally, no one speaks completely in criminal jargon, and no one can do it. Another thing is that the speech of criminals, and not only criminals, is often “diluted” to a greater or lesser extent with vocabulary from criminal jargon. It is used quite often in prison lyrics, for example:

  I’m hiding, I’m staring at the kent, and the cop is winding behind him. “There are two on the side,” I shout, “Kiryukha!” God sent, the grouse is falling.

  We fell into the charabanc and rushed to the ban. It was a lucky night - two corners fell off: lepen, kempel, prokhorya. Our Kali is a good guy, he spent a few pennies. Having thought this way and that, we went to the tavern. They tied us up with garbage, we're done with this.

  Translation.

  I'm walking and I see a friend who is being watched by a policeman. “Friend, there’s a policeman nearby,” I shout. God sent us a taxi, which we got into. And we went to the station. It was a good night. 2 suitcases were stolen: clothes, hats, shoes. The buyer of stolen goods is a great guy, he paid with money. After some thought, we went to the restaurant. The police detained us there. At this point we stopped stealing.

  The fight against criminal jargon, as experience shows, is ineffective due to, as already noted, its capacity, expressiveness, accuracy, irony and other factors. Particularly ineffective are coercive measures—punishments for using slang words.

  In the vocabulary of the modern Russian language there are words specially invented by people of a certain social or age group and used by them when communicating with each other. The secret meaning of these words is clear to a small circle of people united by common interests and pastimes.

  Read the poem . You will learn how lexicology calls words limited in their use that, like dust, clog our speech.

  How hard it is to understand

  Sometimes we talk

  When instead of “bad”

  They'll tell us "sucks".

  When instead of “exactly”

  You will hear "sure".

  What means "I trudge",

  "I'll have a blast" And "nice"?

  These words are like an impudent moth,

  They fly into our speech,

  Causing her pain.

  These words live firmly in the language,

  Like small midges in wheat flour.

  They crawl into all corners:

  In newspapers, in magazines, in novels, in poetry.

  They - jargons, that's what they're called.

  They are our speech, like dust, they clog up.

  Words limited in their use by a certain social or age environment are jargon.

  There is youth slang, which includes student and student slang. So, in the language of the students, dorm- this is a hostel, cowgirl– scholarship, tail- failed test, exam, score for a couple- skip the lecture. Schoolchildren, when communicating with each other, often say: think about it- imagine this, hurt yourself- there’s nowhere better, ugly- ugly, homework- Homework. There is thieves' jargon, in which Linden means fake roof– protection, trouble- examination. Programmers and computer users came up with their own jargon: Aibolit- antivirus program, Klava- keyboard.

  So, jargons are words invented and used when communicating by people who are united by common interests, a common profession, and a common pastime.

  The use of slang vocabulary clogs and coarsens spoken language. This can be easily verified by conducting the following linguistic experiment. Let's compare the text of the famous poem by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev and its translation into youth jargon:

  In days of doubt, in days of painful thoughts about the fate of my homeland, you alone are my support and support, oh great, mighty, truthful and free Russian language!

  Translated into youth slang, this prose poem sounds like this:

  When you’re kind of crazy, when you’re literally tearing up the tower from stupid glitches about how, damn, you’ve strained yourself at the haz, - you’re the only one I get a kick out of, cool, awesome, purely boyish Russian bazaar!

  As you can see, excessive use of jargon clogs our speech and makes it difficult to understand. Their use indicates a person’s low culture.

  A distinctive feature of slang words is the high degree of expressiveness of many of them, especially in expressing emotional shades. Thus, the words cool, steepness, as mentioned above, denote the extreme degree of positive assessment, admiration with a tinge of surprise, and chmoshnik, chmoshny, sucker - this is the extreme degree of disapproval, disdain. The verbs vruchatsya, baldet, bashlyat (pay), strain, run over indicate a humorous and ironic attitude towards the one who performs the action. And the adjectives cool, concrete, with some vagueness and uncertainty of lexical meaning, have the ability to express a whole range of emotional nuances: from delight to complete disapproval.

  A little history:

  Compared to popular words that have lived for centuries, slang vocabulary is characterized by great mobility and variability. Slang words quickly die, giving way to new designations. Dude, dude, horses (parents), hut (apartment where you can get together) that were used in the 50s and 60s have almost disappeared from youth slang. In the 80s they were replaced by men, girla, cherpa, haza, flat. The word nichtyak, which denotes the highest degree of blissful state, pleasure and was very popular among young people in the 50s - 80s, is now almost never used in youth slang and is found mainly in the speech of those middle-aged people who sometimes use jargon. In the 50s and 60s, money was called tugriks, rupees. In the 60s they were replaced by shurshiki, coins, mani, in the 80s the word babki became widespread, and finally, at the turn of the 80s - 90s, the substantivized adjective wooden, specialized to denote domestic money, rubles, as opposed to the currencies of other countries Only those who lived in the 40s now understand the meaning of jargon from the times of the Great Patriotic War: kerosene, donkey, whatnot - the names of aircraft of different models, breeding - ladle, offensive - meat soup *, etc.

  The formation of slang vocabulary occurs:

  1) due to borrowings (very often rearranged in accordance with Russian grammar) from other languages: fan (fan), shuz, shuz (shoes), people (people, people, usually about youth), popsa, popso2vy (fans of pop music , as well as a person who behaves in accordance with the “pop” style), girla, flat, men, hit, hits2 (popular songs, hits) - Anglicisms;

  2) as a result of rethinking the meaning of a popular word: obu2t (failure to fulfill a promise given to a business partner), kid2t (snatch money, trying to escape), g2dy (old shoes), thing (a thousand rubles), car, motor (taxi), pirates (taxi drivers , in the jargon of traffic police officers), lotion, lotions (jokes, tricks), plague! (well, amazing! incredible!), sort things out (with whom? - sort things out), buzz (drink alcohol; emphasizes the length of this process);

  3) according to the word-formation models of the Russian language: get closer (from the slang: crap), disassembly (from the slang: deal with whom?), bastard (from the slang: bastard), gudez (from the slang: buzz), freeloader (from the slang: bastard) freebie - something that is given for free, without effort), cool (from the jargon, joke), etc.

  So, unfortunately, rudeness and swearing have become almost commonplace in our lives. Why is this happening? The unpretentious, but apt satirical poem “Vicious Circle” by A. Muratov perfectly demonstrates the reason for this situation at the lowest, “everyday level.”

  Uncle Fyodor washed the fence,
  On which there was “folklore”.
  Washed, swearing indecently,
  I heard Vasya everything is fine
  And having mastered the whole “set”
  I decorated the fence with it again.

  But why do people swear so dirty? Most often, this is a kind of “flaunting” of personal emancipation and courage. How did swearing appear in the language and what is the reason for its persistence? Language history specialists conducted an interesting study and came to the following conclusion. The use of language, especially obscene language, can be perceived as a violation of a taboo (that is, a prohibition, in this case a moral one). In ancient Russian literature and in folk tradition, the ban on swearing was associated with the idea that swearing insults Mother Earth, the Mother of God (mother of Jesus Christ) and the natural mother of a person. According to the popular, moral ideas of the Slavs, the person who scolds insults not so much the mother of the interlocutor, but his own. Among the legends about the origin of swearing, there is one recorded in the Smolensk region. It talks about a man who was led astray by the devil. This man killed his father and married his mother. From then on we started swearing. Among the Russian Slavs, it was considered a sin to scold children, because in the next world they would turn away from their parents. According to legend, a child who was cursed with a “black” word mentioning the devil, the devil, a witch, or a demon could be carried away by evil forces. It was forbidden to swear in the house in front of icons or in front of the stove (according to legend, the brownie could not stand this). Fearing the devil, they did not scold in the forest. The same applied to the field, river and lake - after all, each of them had its own owner (patron). He sent illnesses and infirmities to those who were guilty. Demons enter a house where they are fighting, but angels leave such a home.

  There is no obscenity or indecency in many ancient swear words. Such words indicate that, due to a natural sense of shame, is hidden from prying eyes: reproductive organs, intimate life. During the transition from paganism to Christianity, swearing moved into the category of blasphemy - hence the ban on it by the church, the bearer of Christian morality. However, the Slavs never swear at home (on their territory), only on campaigns: swearing at home brings disaster to the house.

  Why do even children and teenagers swear now? Psychologists explain the reason for the interest in “black” words. At the age of 11-12 years, a teenager wants to seem like a knowledgeable, experienced person. Hence the cynicism in words and behavior.

  Jargons are words of professional groups or social strata placed in special conditions of life and communication.

  Of course, these are not special languages, but a special vocabulary, words that are used by certain groups of people close in profession and social status. These words are understandable only to a narrow circle of people. For example, sailors call their ship a “box,” while our tank crews called tanks “box” during the Great Patriotic War. Nowadays builders refer to the skeleton of a building, its frame, as a “box”. Theoretical physicists, when talking among themselves, call a thermonuclear reaction a thermonuclear reaction, and a huge, round synchrophasotron a saucepan (they “heat it up” during operation).

  Among young people, jargon or, as they say, “slang” is also a common phenomenon, but it’s like a game of conspiracy. Growing up, children, and then teenagers, part with some jargon and begin to use others. For example, telly(TV), great(bike), magician(tape recorder) – children's slang. The vocabulary of school jargon includes names and renamings associated with such aspects of life as study, sports, entertainment, etc. For example, botanist- crammer - one who learns everything thoroughly, move in- to understand something crust- joke, kachman– jock – one who “pumps up” muscles, arrow- meeting, banter- a sarcastic remark smack- an unpleasant, underdeveloped teenager, hose- stupid person, lazy person, tasks means delight hamburger- foreigner, Alyosha- jerk, Klava- stupid girl, accordion- nonsense, stupidity; antique button accordion- complete nonsense, Borman– a cunning person; Carlson- poor, pitiful person; violet- strange; slurp saggy- about extreme surprise; bullfight- about complete admiration, I'm in a bag– approval, I'm sad– chagrin, laces– parents, shoelaces in a glass- parents are home.

  And finally, overheard in our class: nix- anxiety, trudge- the highest degree of pleasure, havchik (hawk)- food, garbage- denotes delight, schmuck- a person of unworthy behavior, lave (mani)- money, toilet- toilet, women- girls, Mouzon- music, get the hang of it- to understand something glitches– hallucinations, mow- tell the sick, face- face, fan- fanatic.

  Yes, not everyone likes it, but one of the main psychological reasons for the appearance and existence of school jargon is the desire to assert oneself, to show or emphasize in language one’s belonging to a certain society (brotherhood).

  Jargon is as sticky as swearing. A word or expression accidentally dropped by someone. May become winged. Youth jargon, being an age-related phenomenon, moves in time and can pass away like a “childhood disease.”

  It’s bad if it doesn’t go away and goes into adulthood. Jargon kills thought, discourages its ardent admirers from thinking, and impoverishes speech. After all, one word here can have several meanings. For example, the verb “truncate” can mean – understand, assimilate, understand, notice, remember, etc.

  There can be no talk of any feelings here.

  Jargon is a very sticky way of speaking, and this manner takes revenge over the years. Growing up, a young person cannot make do with only the usual jargon - it is simply not acceptable in our lives.

  If a boy or girl has not mastered real literary speech by the time they are growing up, then they will be constrained in communication. He who loves his language, who is proud of it, must oppose jargon and correct his speech.

  Slang vocabulary constantly interacts with popular vocabulary; There are frequent cases when slang words penetrate into common speech: lining, screwing up, puncture, remaining very rich in emotional and expressive terms. Some slang words have entered the literary language. These are the current colloquial words: swindler, linden, hack, crib, in shock, etc. Thus, slang words are also one of the sources of replenishment of the Russian literary language.

  Jargon is, in simple terms, a type of dialect, which is characterized by special vocabulary and phraseology, expressiveness of phrases and specific word-formation means. It is characteristic only of certain social groups - people who are united by their interests, occupations, occupation, social status, profession, etc.

  And no language can exist without such sociolects. However, in Russian there are many more of them, and they are of particular interest. So now it’s worth taking a closer look at this topic and paying attention to examples of jargon.

  Professional area

  Surely everyone has come across specific expressions that came from one or another specialized area. There are plenty of examples of professional jargon. But their highlight is that only people who are related to a particular specialty understand them. Here are some examples common among computer scientists:

  • "Upgrade". In fact, this is the English word upgrade. To “upgrade” something means to improve it, to improve it.
  • “Send to email” - send something to an email address.
  • "Klava" - keyboard.
  • "User" is a derogatory name for a user.

  There are interesting examples in the medical field. Here are some of them:

  • "Helicopter" - gynecological chair.
  • “Start the patient” - restore the rhythm after cardiac arrest.
  • “Client” is an emergency room patient.
  • “Lezhak” - a bedridden patient.
  • “Parachutists” are people who were injured during a fall.
  • "TV" - fluoroscopy.

  And there are hundreds of such words in any field. As a rule, they have a comic or associative origin.

  

  School slang

  It can be described as sustainable. Lexemes related to the educational process remain virtually unchanged. Only words related to the spheres of everyday life and leisure are “transformed”. But this is normal, since it cannot be done without the influence of fashion and other extralinguistic factors.

  Lexemes are formed, as a rule, by affixal methods. There are also metonymic and metaphorical transfers, as well as fusions.

  What about character? Due to the specific nature of its distribution, school slang is characterized by a playful, funny coloring. Negative lexemes are fought against in educational institutions, where they are formed en masse. By the way, many people call this type of jargon the school of word creation.

  Dictionary of school jargon

  Now we can give some examples of words and their meaning in jargon. Words from the school sphere are simple and understandable even without explanation. Here are some of them:

  • "Algebroid" - algebra teacher.
  • "Dirik" - director.
  • “Zamrila” is an excellent student, a diligent student.
  • "Hysterical" - history teacher. There is a letter change here. Similar to the colloquial “historian”.
  • “Ancestors”, “ancestors” or “persens” (from English parents ) - parents.
  • "Rep" - tutor.
  • “Physicist-schizo” - a physics teacher, formed on the basis of rhyme.
  • "Shamovochnaya" - dining room.

  There are many other examples of school jargon. Many lexemes are commonly used, and some exist only in certain circles. Surely in all schools there are teachers whom, within the framework of the institution, students call one or another slang word - most often derived from their surname.

  

  Student jargon: features

  He usually wears a familiar coloring. It is generally accepted that student jargon, examples of which will be given below, began its journey with abbreviations for the names of subjects.

  A little later, disciplines began to be replaced by the names of teachers conducting lectures on them. For example: “Are you going to see Ivanov?”

  Conventionally, student slang is divided into traditional, which is passed on from one generation to another, and new. It includes words that constantly replenish the vocabulary of students. Although, by the way, student slang is widespread not only among them. It is also actively used by teachers.

  Examples

  Here are some jargons from the student sphere that can be considered traditional:

  • “Abitura” - graduates and applicants entering the university.
  • "Academ" - academic leave.
  • “Alaska”, “gallery”, “Kamchatka” - the back rows in the audience.
  • "Spur" - cheat sheet.
  • "Botan" is an excellent student.
  • “Record book” is a record book.
  • "Kursach" - course work.
  • "Stipuh" - scholarship.

  The above examples of jargon have been in circulation for so long that they are no longer even considered slang. But those that are new, perhaps not even familiar to everyone:

  • "Bachok" - bachelor.
  • "Mag" - master.
  • "Zaruba" - foreign literature.
  • "Matan" - mathematical analysis.
  • “Pervak” is a freshman.

  The student sociolect is perhaps one of the most frequently updated. Therefore, this jargon has a “living” character. And it will exist until the social group itself disappears.

  

  Youth slang

  It is also very common. Examples of youth slang are numerous. Surely many have come across the following lexemes:

  • “Theme” is a good, interesting idea or idea. It’s also not uncommon to hear an exclamation of approval, “Oh, that’s a topic!” addressed to something/someone.
  • "Bro" is a friend. Comes from the English brother ("brother").
  • “For scrap” - too lazy to do something.
  • “Bummer” is a characteristic of a situation where reality does not coincide with expectations.
  • “In kind”, “here”, “there is life” - conviction.
  • “Lave”, “loot”, “coin”, “cash” - money.

  As a rule, most lexemes have a crudely familiar connotation. If we talk about the most developed semantic fields, then these will be leisure, housing, clothing, appearance and people. Youth jargon, examples of which are ubiquitous, is very variable. Generations change, and with them slang.

  Literature

  

  Slang words and expressions are also found in the works of great figures. It’s not surprising, because they are able to convey exactly the meaning that the author puts into the lines and give the text a certain expression. Here are just some examples of jargon in fiction:

  • S. A. Yesenin - “Letter to Mother.” The following words are found there: “sadanul” (jargon), “very good” and “drunkard” (colloquial). In the poems of the “Moscow Tavern” cycle there are many other examples, and in swearing poems there are even things that censorship does not allow through.
  • M. A. Sholokhov - “Quiet Don”. In this work, the speech of the main characters and descriptions of nature are interspersed with words characteristic of the Don villages. Such as “platyugans”, “bursaks”, etc.
  • N.V. Gogol - “Dead Souls”. In this poem, many characters speak in simple language.
  • V. S. Vysotsky and A. I. Solzhenitsyn. These literary figures are known for their love of jargon and “strong” words, so you can find them in almost every one of their works.

  But they are also found in the literary works of other writers and poets. There are many examples of jargon in the literature. It’s just that sometimes we don’t even perceive them as such. Previously, there were different times, customs, language norms, and modern people simply consider most words a literary feature of the era. Here are some examples: shameless (shameless), buoy (impolite), sail (sail), gaer (jester), ephor (bishop), zabobony (superstition), capon (castrated rooster), mask (mask), oratay (plowman).

  

  Prison slang

  It cannot be ignored when looking at examples of jargon. It developed among the declassed elements of society, which are criminals both at large and in correctional institutions.

  Criminal jargon is a system of expressions and terms that identify members of the criminal community as a separate, isolated part of society. This feature is its main specificity. If the same school jargon, examples of words from which were given above, can be understood by everyone, then the meaning of “thieves” expressions is difficult to perceive.

  Because you need to be enlightened in this matter. For criminal jargon reflects the internal hierarchy of the criminal world. “Respectful” words are assigned to authoritative, powerful, and influential individuals. Offensive and offensive are reserved for the “inferior”.

  

  Some "thieves" words

  They are worth listing at the end of the topic. A dictionary of criminal slang, if published in book format, would be as thick as a weighty brochure. It’s impossible to list all the words and phrases, so here are the most striking examples of criminal jargon:

  • “Baklan” is a hooligan, convicted under Art. 213 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The word carries a connotation of contempt.
  • “Huckster” is a speculator, buyer of stolen goods. Either a person convicted of profiteering, or someone who sells cigarettes, tea and other goods in prison.
  • “Blatnoy” is a professional, respected criminal from the highest status group. He follows the “concepts”, recognizes prison law, and has a “clean” past.
  • “Grev” is food and money illegally sent to criminals in prison by someone from freedom.
  • “Dushnyak” - especially unbearable conditions.
  • "Gimp" - harm to one prisoner by others.
  • “Goats” are a whole group of prisoners who openly cooperate with the administration of the correctional facility. One of the most serious insults in the zone.
  • “Assault” is an aggressive provocation.
  • "Soldering" - government products.
  • "Godfather" is the most authoritative prisoner.
  • “Cutting” - reduction of time.
  • "Torpedo" - bodyguard.
  • "Bullshit" is a lie.
  • “Khimik” is a criminal released on parole.
  • “Master” is the head of the colony/prison.
  • "Shmon" - search.

  Considering that there are hundreds more such words, one can imagine how incomprehensible the communication of prisoners will seem to an ordinary person. In fact, there are many more examples of jargon in the Russian language, but prison is the most specific and interesting from the point of view of word formation. It is not without reason that many scientific works are devoted to its study.