Kiln brick - Dimensions. kiln brick size kiln brick size

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For the construction of stoves and fireplaces, a special type of masonry material is selected - a full-bodied stove brick. It has a set of such characteristics that allow it to be used for arranging furnaces, chimneys and the very body of stoves and fireplaces. The main qualities of such material do not allow it to be used for other purposes.

Varieties

Commercially available brick for the oven has several varieties:

• fireclay (it can be rectangular, wedge-shaped, trapezoid in shape);
• backfill (another name is ordinary);
• facing.

Each variety has its own purpose. Fireclay refractory bricks are used when laying out fireboxes, the use of ordinary stove bricks is limited to the construction of a chimney or casing. Facing, if necessary, goes to the exterior of fireplaces or stoves. All types of kiln bricks are highly resistant to high temperatures.

Material Properties

Refractory clays are a part of the raw materials going on production of kiln bricks. Fireclay bricks withstand temperatures up to 1000°C and above, literally up to 1800°C, they are able to come into contact with chemicals. Quartz powder, graphite or coke are added to some types of oven bricks.

Dimensions and weight

The following dimensions and weight of solid kiln bricks are generally accepted.

Zabutovochny (ordinary):

• Single (250 × 120 × 65 mm; 3.3-3.6 kg);
• One and a half (250 × 120 × 88 mm; 4-4.3 kg);
• Double (250 × 120 × 138 mm; 6.6-7.2 kg).

Fireclay, the most common types:

• ShB-5 (230x65x114 mm; 3.4 kg);
• ShB-8 (250x65x124 mm; 4.0 kg).

Advantages

In addition to fire resistance, kiln bricks have a good ability to give off accumulated heat for a long time, while not creating a danger to surrounding objects with excessively high temperatures, without provoking a fire hazard. It perfectly fulfills its main tasks - to dissipate and accumulate heat. When laying the body of a stove or fireplace, products with a strength grade of M-175 or more are needed. Otherwise, the oven will not last long. Subject to all the recommendations, the oven will stand intact for many years, because the material will not rot, will not be destroyed by mold, insects.

Another advantage of oven bricks is the ability to withstand large temperature fluctuations. Furnaces made of such material can be installed in rooms that do not have heating, and even just on the street.

Flaws

Among the shortcomings can be noted a rather high cost. However, when building furnaces, it is impossible to save, ceramic brick is not suitable for a furnace, it will collapse very quickly, because the maximum temperature that it can withstand without problems is 800 ° C.

Technical characteristics of kiln bricks

The fireclay brick from which the firebox is laid out has the following technical characteristics:

• density - 1700-1900 kg / m³;
• fire resistance - not lower than 1650 ° C;
• tensile strength - 12-23 N / mm²;
• thermal conductivity - 0.62 W / (m ° C);
• porosity - 8%;
• frost resistance grade - F15-50;
• strength grade - M75-250;
• water absorption - 25%.

The external difference between fireclay bricks and other varieties is clearly visible in the photo and video: it is yellowish in color.

According to consumer reviews, low moisture resistance does not allow the use of this material for other purposes. If you build a house out of it, then it will be damp and uncomfortable. Therefore, the best scope is the construction of stoves, fireplaces.

Having decided to purchase a batch of this masonry material, you need to figure out how these products should look externally. Even one manufacturer can put on sale products that are completely different in quality. Therefore, when buying, you need to focus on the following indicators:

• choose a batch with heavier products, because a lot of weight indicates a high density;
• accurate correct form with minimal error;
• a high-quality brick, when tapped on it, gives a sound similar to metal;
• when splitting, the internal structure of the material is visible: it should be of the same even color without spots.

You can check the quality of products directly at the warehouse of the trade organization. In the store itself, such manipulations should not be carried out.

Video

Red brick is rarely used for or focal structures, but more often for laying the foundation.

Red

The weight of a full-bodied red product is from 3.5 to 3.8 kg. Depending on the brand, you can find out its ability to resist pressure in kg / cm 2. Standard red brick grades: 76, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300.

How to choose

A well-fired red brick makes a clear ringing sound when struck. Burnt is easy to recognize by the black core and melted edges.

Furnace

Kiln bricks belong to a special subspecies, as they are refractory and, thanks to this, an order of magnitude higher in price. This material is resistant to high temperature extremes, perfectly retains heat. An excellent product for laying out a stove, fireplace or other hearth products.

In size always correspond to the standard:

• length 250;
• width 125;
• height 65 mm.

Thanks to these parameters, it fits comfortably in the hand, the masonry is even, not lopsided, and has no excess seams.

Modern manufacturing provides a large selection of shapes: wedge-shaped, traditional, arched. Thanks to this, the facade of the stove made of this material can look individual.

Since it was created specifically for laying a stove or other fire hazardous structures, even the slightest marriage is completely excluded. After all, this material is also used on an industrial scale, where minor flaws can turn into a disaster on a large scale.

How to choose

When tapped, it makes a metallic sound. If you try to destroy it, it will crack, not crumble. Not made according to the standard - unburned - will accumulate moisture, which will eventually become the root cause of the destruction of the structure in which it will be used. That's why the choice, if the manufacturer has not been verified earlier, should be taken with all responsibility.

Read also: Gas nozzle for furnace

fireclay

differs from others in its granular structure and its standard yellowish color, as it is made from refractory clays and kaolins by firing at a very high temperature. The use of this product is also large-scale in industrial structures.

In domestic buildings, this type is mainly used for interior masonry stoves, fireplaces and chimneys. Compared to a stove, fireclay is much cheaper and is an ideal option for laying out a low-budget stove design.

It can withstand a temperature limit of 1500 ° C, which indicates good heat resistance.

When re-firing, it may slightly lose in size.

Popularity is explained by high strength, durability and affordable price. In the construction of capital heating appliances (fireplaces, chimneys), stove bricks are used. The dimensions and technical characteristics provide good stability of the masonry with strong heating and reliable protection against destruction.

The main feature is partial firing. Only 3 sides are subjected to heat treatment - 2 pokes and 1 spoon. The remaining surfaces are left unfired. The presence of irregularities and roughness increases the coefficient of adhesion and enhances strength.

In heating appliances, brick is used for the construction of furnaces, braziers, chimneys. During laying, they turn the burnt side inward, as a result, the lining looks uneven. This is good in the case when the oven is further finished with plaster or ceramic tiles. If the front part is not planned to be decorated, then the unfired planes can simply be sanded. For rough cleaning, it is convenient to use a grinder with a diamond wheel. Then it is better to switch to manual processing using an abrasive stone.

Hand-molded brick has a set of unique qualities:

• Heat resistance - for a long time provides protection against high temperatures.
• Heat resistance - withstands repeated heating-cooling cycles.
• Thermal conductivity - keeps the degree inside the combustion chamber with minimal losses.
• High thermal inertia - accumulates a large amount of heat due to slow heating and long cooling.

The disadvantages include hygroscopicity. It quickly absorbs moisture and reluctantly gives it away. It is not recommended to store building material outdoors.

Types and application

1. Fireclay.

This is a refractory stone, which is selected for lining (lining) the combustion chamber or ash pan. Refractory burnt clay is called fireclay, the volume in the composition can reach 70%. Aluminum oxide is added to the raw mix to impart a porous structure. Heat-resistant brick is not afraid of direct contact with the flame and can withstand temperatures in the range of 1250-1500 degrees. Thanks to this, any fuel can be used in the furnace.

Fireclay stone is easy to identify by marking ША, ШБ or ШВ. The first letter informs about belonging to heat-resistant materials, and the second indicates the fire resistance class.

2. Ceramic.

The main purpose is the construction of an array of stoves and fireplaces. Subject to the firing technology, high-quality heat-resistant products with a long service life are obtained.

3. Clinker.

The material is distinguished by a variety of textures and colors. This is a great option for decorative cladding. The production technology involves baking in a thermal chamber at a temperature of 1200°C. During operation, it perfectly withstands thermal loads and looks decent.

Another type of building blocks (aerated concrete) is considered in.

Among the advantages of the material is wear resistance, impact resistance, durability. He is not afraid of temperature changes, high humidity and hard frosts. It is also used for lining a steel stove in a bathhouse or decorating garden barbecues.

Characteristics

Solid brick for the construction of household and industrial furnaces has the following parameters:

• Grade by density - indicated by the letter "M", followed by a set of numbers. They show how much weight 1 cm 3 can withstand at pressure: 100, 150, 200, 250 or 500. The larger the number, the higher the density of the material, the slower it heats up and holds the temperature longer. For heating devices, it is better to purchase a brick with a density of no more than 300.
• Frost resistance grade - an indicator that reflects the ability to withstand freezing and thawing processes. The brand is indicated by the letter "F" and the number of cycles (for fireclay - no more than 15).

All physical and technical indicators of heat-resistant products are determined by the composition of raw materials and the method of production.

1. Sizes and shapes - These parameters are strictly regulated by the relevant articles of GOST. The standards provide for 11 standard dimensions. Each of them indicates a certain ratio of length, width and height. The dimensions of an ordinary oven brick are 250 × 120 × 65 mm. Products with a length of 230 to 345 mm, a width of 65-75 mm and a thickness of 65-150 mm are on sale. The maximum allowable deviations are: 1-2 mm - in thickness, 3 mm - in width and 5 m - in length.

2. Strength - the ability to effectively withstand the effects of open fire and ultra-high temperatures. The tensile strength is determined by the brand, the exact recipe and the observance of the manufacturing technology.

3. Temperature threshold - materials that come into contact with open fire and heated combustion products must have increased heat resistance. The highest temperature limit is observed in fireclay species: 1630-1730 degrees. Less stringent requirements are imposed on the building materials of other parts of the furnace. Ceramic facing brick must withstand temperatures within 700°C.

4. Thermal conductivity - fire-resistant elements used for the installation of combustion chambers and chimneys must protect adjacent structures (walls, ceiling) from overheating and destruction. Fireclay stone has the lowest thermal conductivity.

5. Water permeability - during the firing process, pores are formed, which determine the ability to absorb water. Different types can accumulate up to 15-30% of moisture from the total volume. This property is important to consider when warehousing and storage.

The most famous manufacturers whose products meet all regulatory requirements and can be bought at an affordable price: Vitebsk brick (Workshop No. 1), Wienerberger Brick, Kerma, Braer, Lode.

Scope of furnace blocks

For the design of the furnace, M150-M250 is usually selected solid with a density of 1600-1900 kg / m 3. Single rectangular elements 250×120×65 mm in size are used. When constructing vaults, wedge-shaped stones are preferred.

For cladding, full-bodied elements of curly shapes are chosen. Rounding and embossed outlines help to realize any design projects and facilitate the arrangement of corners. Ceramic red brick is also used for the construction of a chimney.

Styling nuances

When constructing heating devices, along with whole elements, it is necessary to use halves, quarters and other parts. Such stones cannot be placed with the chipped or hewn side inside the firebox or chimney. These surfaces should face outward or be covered with masonry.

Adjusting the bricks to the desired size, experienced craftsmen use a hammer, pick or trowel. Beginners should not choose this method, as it is too laborious and requires certain skills. By achieving success, you can spoil a considerable number of good stones. In addition, chipped and hewn elements are weakened after impacts due to multiple microcracks. Inexperienced stove-makers are advised to use a cutting machine. Although this is a noisy and dusty process, all parts are smooth-edged and do not have to be sanded.

In order for the masonry to turn out to be of high quality and durable, it is necessary to first lay down the most critical sections without mortar. For beginners, such an assembly helps to correctly understand the order and evaluate the sequence of their actions. For professionals, the benefit lies in carefully fitting the stones and ensuring the same thickness of the seams.

To ensure a strong bond, ordinary red brick is soaked before work. It should be in the water until it stops bubbling. If you lay it dry, it will take all the moisture out of the solution, which will lead to a decrease in strength. The main difference between the oven and other types is that it does not need to be soaked: just pour it on all sides to wash off the dust.

Price

Tips before buying

• When building furnaces, you can not use ordinary red brick. It is unable to withstand high temperatures (maximum 800 ° C), and after cooling it cracks and crumbles.
• The yellow shade of fireclay stone confirms the quality of firing. White color indicates poor processing. A vitreous coating on the surface means that the batch has been burnt.
• Ceramics can withstand a fall from a height of 1-1.5 meters and, when tapped, makes a clear metallic sound. Badly burned has a pale shade and sounds muffled. Burnt stones are distinguished by the intensity of color and melted areas.
• When choosing a material for the section of the chimney that goes outside, pay attention to the indicators of frost and moisture resistance. For regions with cold winters, it is advisable to buy a full-bodied ceramic brick, marked M500 F50.

For the construction of heating devices, it is necessary to use heat-resistant materials that can withstand heavy loads from flames and hot gases. These characteristics are achieved due to the unique composition and the use of special technologies in the formation of finished products.

Where is kiln brick used?

Stove brick is designed to create reliable and durable shells in stoves and fireplaces. They must prevent the spread of flames and hot gases that form in the heating system.

This product is used for the construction:

• internal surface of fireplaces;
• combustion chambers for furnaces of various purposes;
• smoke channels;
• stationary barbecues or barbecues;
• for facing of fire chambers of solid propellant coppers.

material requirements

Basic requirements for heat-resistant stone, which is used for the construction of heating appliances:

• must withstand temperatures up to 1000°C;
• have high strength;
• withstand prolonged exposure to high temperatures;
• low thermal conductivity, which will provide an opportunity to protect surrounding structures from fire;
• resistance to frequent temperature changes.

The characteristics of a standard refractory brick provide that it must quickly accumulate heat, and then gradually release it to the environment.

What is refractory brick made of?

The workshop for the production of these products must be equipped with specialized equipment that is used to prepare raw materials and form finished products. At the same time, for the manufacture of heat-resistant brick products, the following is used:

• refractory clay - not less than 70%;
• powdered coke;
• graphite;
• quartz powder.

We lay fireclay bricks

The characteristics of the finished product will depend on the additives that the manufacturer uses to make the material.

Technology of production of refractory products

The production process of a standard heat-resistant brick includes the following steps:

• Raw materials are delivered to the workshop, which undergoes certain preparation - refractory clay and various additives are crushed, mixed to achieve a uniform consistency. At the same time add 10% of water from the total volume.
• Each workshop for the production of bricks must be equipped with a bunker, where the prepared raw materials are transferred.
• After that, it moves to the molding carriage.
• The formed brick is lowered onto the lower punch of the mold.
• With the help of a press, the product is compacted.

The firing of the material takes place at a temperature of 1000 ° C in a special tunnel-type furnace, which every workshop must have.

Making bricks at home part 1

The main types of heat-resistant bricks

Depending on the composition and configuration, the following types of brick products for the construction of fireplaces and stoves are divided:

• fireclay;
• dinas;
• semi-acid;
• fireclay semi-acid;
• mollitic;
• corundum;
• mullite-silica;
• mullite-corundum.

These products are manufactured in different places - Vitebsk (Belarus), Ryazan, Tula and Leningrad regions, as well as in the Baltic countries.

Full-bodied Vitebsk oven brick is considered one of the best. It can have a surface from smooth to rough and a variety of shapes - with cuts, rounded corners.

Making bricks at home part 2

Can regular bricks be used for ovens?

For the construction of furnace elements that are not exposed to high temperatures, red solid brick can be used. How much does this material weigh? One standard copy of the product, which has dimensions of 250 x 120 x 65 mm, has a weight of 3.3-3.6 kg.

When using a standard red stone, please note that it was without external defects - chips, cracks, shells.

The color of this material must be uniform over the entire surface. The dimensions and weight of the red bar may be different if non-standard material is used, but one and a half or double bricks.

Mutual perpendicularity of all planes must be observed, and the geometric dimensions must comply with the generally accepted standard.

The red bar must have a grade of at least M 200, which will ensure its strength at elevated temperatures.

Physical properties of kiln bricks

Heat-resistant full-bodied material is used for the construction of stoves and fireplaces.

Main characteristics of standard refractory brick:

• brand - M 200 - M 250;
• frost resistance - within 15 cycles of freezing and thawing;
• the amount of moisture that it can absorb - from 15% to 30%;
• thermal conductivity - 1.8-2.8 W / (m * ° C).

How much does a stove stone weigh? The weight of the bar is 3.5-4 kg, while its size is 250 x 120 x 65 mm.

Appearance and geometric shape of the stove stone

The characteristics of red heat-resistant brick depend on its shape, which can be not only standard:

• side wedge: dimensions - 230 x 114 x 65 x 45, weight - 3.3-3.5 kg;
• end wedge: the dimensions and weight of the material are identical to the side wedge;
• plate: size - 460 x 230 x 75 mm, weight - 15.5-16 kg.
• With a size of 600 x 230 x 90, the weight of the plate is 24-25 kg.

In this case, all material must be full-bodied, regardless of how much it weighs. Standard material grade M 200 is used for laying the walls of the furnace or chimney.

With the help of a side wedge, it is possible to lay curly elements, and the end wedge is used in the case of a narrowed poke.

Slabs of different sizes are used to cover fireboxes.

Permissible deviations in size

Solid brick M 200 may not be quite ideal in size, which is provided for by building standards. In this case, the tolerances are as follows:

• in length - no more than 5 mm;
• in width - less than 3 mm;
• in thickness - no more than 2 mm.

The control of these parameters is carried out at the enterprise where solid brick material is produced. If a large percentage of spoilage is revealed during the study of the batch, all copies are removed from the sale.

How to choose quality products?

For the construction of heating appliances, it is important to use materials that meet building standards.

When choosing, be guided by the following rules:

• check for what types of work this material is used;
• there should be no visible defects on ceramic bars;
• for laying the firebox, use material of the same size;
• for construction, use solid stone from one lot. In this case, the product parameters will be approximately the same.

When constructing critical structures that are exposed to high temperatures, it is important to use high-quality refractory material, which will be the key to the reliability and durability of structures.

Video: Laying fireclay bricks

The stove is made of bricks of a special composition. It must be refractory, refractory, properly fired. It is not necessary to take one of its kind. If you know what kind of brick to use for the oven in a certain part of it, you can save on expensive material without losing quality. For example, the firebox must be laid with fireclay bricks, for the body and chimney, you can take a standard refractory one, and make the outer lining with clinker or special facing. This option is more economical than the entire fireclay construction.

Chamotte brick: properties, dimensions

The best material for laying the furnace is fireclay bricks. Its characteristics are unmatched among refractory materials:

• withstand t=1500ºC,
• have a low degree of hygroscopicity,
• large temperature differences do not affect the integrity of the structure.

Fireclay for masonry is made from refractory clay mixed with fireclay powder. Its quantitative composition is 70%. Manufacturing requires compliance with the smallest details: overburning will make it glassy, ​​and underburning will cause more moisture absorption. Standard sizes of fireclay bricks:

• 250x124x65 mm,
• 230x114x65 mm,
• 230x114x55 mm.

The color is yellow-beige with splashes of red or brown. The composition is regulated by GOST 390-96. Chamotte brick is abbreviated as ША or ШБ. It is with this material that the laying of the combustion chamber is necessarily carried out. In metal furnaces, it is used for lining the furnace.

How to put fireclay?

It should be noted that it is not enough to know what brick the stove is made of, it is also important to understand the types of mortar for it. For example, fireclay bricks require the use of a masonry mixture with a similar composition. It means that the solution must contain fireclay in the same ratio. Such masonry provides the same response of materials to heating and cooling, since they have the same expansion coefficient. This ensures the strength, reliability, durability of the thermal unit.

Refractory brick

Furnace refractory bricks are used for the construction of the body and chimney channels, if the amount of fireclay is limited. It is made from red refractory clay with the addition of quartz sand. Withstands temperatures up to 1000ºC, has increased heat capacity, fire resistance, strength. It is inferior only to fireclay in physical properties. Not intended for masonry in places where there will be surface contact with open fire.

Standard sizes:

• 250x120x65 mm,
• 250x85x65 mm.

This material can be used to cover a metal chimney above and below the roof. Also, a brick chimney is erected from it alone. Available in red and brown shades. For masonry, a mixture of a similar composition is used. This is also required to ensure equal expansion and contraction under thermal stress. It is better to use the ready-made mixture offered by the brick manufacturer.

Masonry features

Fireclay and standard furnace materials always have a homogeneous solid structure without cracks and voids. They allow you to reduce the thickness of masonry joints to such figures:

• fireclay - 2 mm,
• furnace refractory - 4 mm.

Such parameters ensure minimal shrinkage of the finished thermal unit. Also, thanks to thin seams, the masonry does not collapse during strong heating. For comparison: a 10 mm thick seam shrinks by 1 mm. The minimum joint thickness is especially important in the following places:

Modern technologies have made it possible to replace the masonry mortar with special adhesive mastics that can withstand temperatures up to 1300ºC. They are made from natural minerals, so they are environmentally friendly, have no odors when heated, and are resistant to alkalis and acids. Masonry is carried out by applying a layer of mastic 1 mm thick, which further increases the quality of the stove (fireplace) itself.

Advantages. Processing methods

Features of oven bricks: they accumulate heat and evenly radiate it into the room. This allows you to heat the house for a long time after the attenuation of the firebox. It is enough to fill the firebox with firewood once and burn it for 3 hours so that the stove continues to give off heat for 14 hours. Cutting kiln brick by hand is difficult, as it is very durable. In order to avoid errors and get the exact dimensions of the material, it is better to use a power tool: a circular saw, a cutting machine.