Floor slabs for the construction of a private house. Floors in the house. Types of floors in a private house. Types of floors for two-story buildings

Provides stability not only with a reliable foundation, but also with a system of durable floors. They are also necessary in any case in order to equip a basement or garage under it, and build a roof above it. Overlapping structures take up to 20 percent or more of all construction costs. Therefore, their installation is a very serious and responsible matter.

Installation of interfloor ceilings in a timber house

Interfloor;
Basement;
Basement.

The greatest load in the house falls on the basement and basement. Their horizontal partitions must withstand the weight of kitchen equipment, as well as the weight of the internal walls dividing the first floor into the hallway and dining room.

Scheme for arranging concrete interfloor slabs

In addition, they, together with the foundation, must ensure stable rigidity of the body made of any material: wood, brick, aerated concrete. For some, it rises above ground level. If it is heated, then the structure covering it is practically no different from interfloor devices.

The horizontal partition, designed to separate floors, has a relatively small load: its own weight, furniture, residents. It is important that for a comfortable stay it has good sound insulation. or this problem is not so acute. Moisture insulation and insulation are important for them.

Types of floors by material

Wooden;
Reinforced concrete;
Metal.

However, in some cases, when building a house, you can do without them, because according to the structural design, the following types of floors are used:

Some ceiling systems are supported by horizontal beams. They are not required for the installation of other beams; slabs of the required sizes ordered at the factory are sufficient. They are laid in the house using lifting equipment. And monolithic floors are poured directly on the construction site. Prefabricated monolithic devices between floors are a combination of beam supports and a concrete monolith.

Coffered horizontal structures are usually used for arranging the ceiling. On their lower side there are ribs that make up rectangles, which together resemble the surface of a wafer. They are used very rarely in private housing construction. A tent roof is a flat slab bordered by ribs. Usually one is enough for the ceiling of the entire room, to the size of which it is made.

Arched devices are necessary when it is necessary to cover the shaped spans of houses. In private one- and two-story houses, aerated concrete slabs are used. The overlapping structure made of it has very good sound insulation and retains heat for a long time, so additional insulation in interfloor partitions may be unnecessary. The material is light, odorless, and does not emit any fumes or harmful substances.

Its fire resistance is also very high. But it needs effective waterproofing, as it absorbs environmental moisture well.

In construction practice, partitions with a mixture of various materials are used. Wooden beams are reinforced with metal to increase strength. Monolithic structures use a variety of permanent formwork. Sometimes their main part is hollow concrete panels, and the ceiling of a semicircular bay window is made of aerated concrete slabs, which can be easily given any shape and thickness using a hand saw.

Option for aerated concrete block floor construction

This variety of materials expands the architectural capabilities of ceiling devices, their sound insulation and insulation.

Requirements for floors

General requirements apply to all interfloor devices:

Strength is the ability to withstand the weight of all building elements.
Rigidity that allows you not to bend under the weight of your own weight or heavy things on the floor.
Effective thermal insulation and sound insulation of floors.
Fire resistance, which is characterized by resistance to fire for some time.
Service life corresponding approximately to the time of use of the entire building.

Wooden beams

In the construction of country houses, larch or pine solid beams are widespread. They are used for the installation of floors 5 m wide. And for large spans, glued ones are used, the strength of which is much higher.

Installation of floors made of wooden beams

Rounded timber is a wonderful building material for floors. It is laid with the north side down, identifying it at the end by the density of the growth rings in the wooden log. In Rus', huts have long been built with the stronger side of the round timber facing out.

A wooden I-beam has high strength. Its profile is the letter “H”, glued together in the factory from three parts. Some craftsmen assemble it in a home workshop or in the country. Interfloor partitions using them provide effective insulation and excellent sound insulation.

Scheme of the construction of wooden floors made of logs

They are very convenient not only for lining the ceiling, laying insulating materials and laying the subfloor, but also for installing all communications. The niches in the I-beam seem to be specially designed for hidden installation of water supply pipes, gas pipelines and electrical wires.

Wooden beams are used in almost any low-rise dwelling: wooden, block. But most of all they are suitable for buildings made of aerated concrete blocks. This material is porous, inferior in strength to all others and cannot withstand the point load of load-bearing beams. Since wood is not heavy, aerated block walls can easily withstand its weight. Installation of the overlapping structure is possible without the use of complex technical means. And it will cost the developer relatively inexpensively.

Laying wooden beams

Builders are aware of the shortcomings of wood and try to reduce them to a minimum. Before installing the ceiling, all wooden parts are treated with antiseptics to prevent rotting and damage by insects. The places where timber beams come into contact with brick, concrete slabs and aerated concrete blocks are insulated with various materials.

And in order to increase fire safety, the wood is treated with solutions that do not allow it to flare up immediately when an open fire appears.

The installation of interfloor structures begins with pre-prepared load-bearing beams. They are laid parallel to the short wall of the home. The laying step depends on the width of the span, but on average it is 1 m. Next, you will need simple materials that provide insulation, and you cannot do without the following tools:

The process of laying a wooden floor from beams and boards

saws;
hammer;
assembly knife;
roulette;
construction stapler.

The beams are reinforced with anchors in the niches of the brick wall. But before laying, they make an oblique cut at the ends of the timber and impregnate it with an antiseptic. The area of contact between the wood and the brick is tarred and wrapped in roofing felt. The ends of the supports in the niches must be tightly closed. The cracks can be eliminated with polyurethane foam.

Then floor joists are laid on the supporting beams, and rubber pads are placed under them to reduce the vibration of the structure. The ceiling is lined underneath. Attic and basement ceiling systems require insulation. Interfloor partitions can do without it, but good sound insulation is required.

When designing a house made of aerated concrete, builders are one of the first to decide on the type of floors. The following structures have become widespread: reinforced concrete monoliths and panels, wooden beams. Each option has its own advantages and disadvantages, which are important to evaluate before starting installation work.

availability of special equipment;
cost of installation work and materials;
speed of building construction.

Despite the fact that panel and monolithic floors in a house made of aerated concrete are characterized by a lot of positive qualities, they also have negative sides - it is difficult to select slabs of the desired configuration and size. Wooden interfloor ceilings do not have these disadvantages - they are durable and “adjust” to any configuration of the house. Given the light weight of the beams, there will not be a strong load on the walls. This is why experienced builders often choose wooden floors when building a house based on aerated concrete.

How to calculate the dimensions of a wooden floor?

In order for a house made of aerated concrete to last for many years, it is important to correctly calculate the interfloor or attic structures, because they will serve as the floor for the upper floors. The builder needs to know what maximum length and cross-section to buy beams.

Here is a summary table from which, taking into account the length of the span and the pitch of installing the logs, you can determine the cross-section:

Span length, m	Installation step, cm
	60	100
	Beam cross-section, mm
7	150x300	200x275
6,5	150x250	200x250
6	150x225	175x250
5,5	150x200	150x250
5	125x200	150x225
4,5	100x200	150x200
4	100x200	125x200
3	75x200	100x175
2,5	75x150	100x150
2	75x100	75x150

Let's assume that a house is being built from an aerated block with a span of 5 m, and the beams are installed in increments of 1 m. Check the table - you will need timber with a section of 150x225 mm. When making further calculations, keep in mind that the boards will extend into the aerated concrete wall by at least 15 cm. Therefore, the maximum length of the floor is set as follows: 5 + 0.15 + 0.15 = 5.3 m.

Calculate so that the cross-section of the lumber provides a deflection of no more than 1/300 of the size of the floor span. It is advisable that the length of the wooden beams does not exceed 6 m - the structure may not withstand the loads. The exact amount of lumber that needs to be prepared is calculated based on the surface area.

How to install a wooden floor in a house made of aerated concrete with your own hands?

Once the dimensions of the floors have been calculated, you can purchase all the materials necessary for installation. The interfloor structure consists of lower support beams, covered with heat and sound insulation, and counter-battens fixed on top. Experienced builders choose laminated veneer lumber, edged boards or ready-made I-beams as lumber. Metal elements can also be used.

The main feature is that the wooden floors for floors in a house made of aerated concrete will be supported by a support made of reinforced concrete reinforcing belt mounted along the entire perimeter of the building. To make it, U-blocks are taken - this is where wooden beams will be placed in the future.

Before installing interfloor structures, lumber is treated with antifungal agents. Here you can use any of the commercially available formulations. The exception is oil-based solutions. Such substances will prevent the evaporation of moisture from the wood, which will make a house made of aerated concrete less durable and reliable.

It would not be superfluous to treat the beams with substances that increase fire resistance, since wood is flammable. Modern compositions can significantly reduce the risk of fire - in the event of a fire, the floor or roof will not collapse within several hours. If an interfloor wooden floor is installed over metal beams, then the steel elements must be treated with anti-corrosion agents.

Wait until the compounds applied to individual parts of the structure dry. And when the preparatory work is completed, you can install interfloor wooden floors:

1. The ends of the beams, which will later be attached to the aerated concrete wall, are first sawed at an angle of 60°, and then wrapped in roofing material. This will prevent the bars from fraying. Leave the cut areas uncovered - the wood should “breathe”.

2. The aerated concrete block must not be allowed to come into close contact with the end of the beam - this can lead to rotting of the beam. Therefore, leave a gap in this place - at least 5 cm. Lay a thin layer of thermal insulation here - mineral wool.

3. First, the outer beams are installed. Using the same spacing, attach the intermediate wooden boards. Check how evenly the beams lie using the building level.

4. Beam floors are attached to the reinforcing belt with metal corners, plates or studs coated with an anti-corrosion compound.

5. Now you can begin installing the reel. It is made on the basis of boards or beams, which are attached to the lower parts of the beams.

6. The roll-up should be insulated. Thermal insulation layer is at least 10 cm.

7. Wooden beams for the ceiling are covered with logs on top. After this, you can begin installing the floor of the upper floor. If in the future it is planned to cover it with linoleum, laminate or parquet, then chipboard or plywood is additionally laid on the logs to level the surface.

8. The bottom of the floors with wooden load-bearing elements is sheathed with clapboard or plasterboard. You can choose other options - it all depends on the planned decorative finishing of the ceiling on the lower floor.

The basement structure is mounted using the same technology as the interfloor structure. But in this case it is important for the builder to take into account some features:

To protect the aerated concrete block and beams (in case of high humidity on the lower floors), provide waterproofing. It fits under the insulation.
If the rooms below are not heated (pantry or basement), provide a thicker layer of heat insulation - up to 20 cm. To protect the blocks from condensation, lay a vapor barrier on top of the insulation.

The attic floor differs from other types of structures in that at the end of the work there is no need to install a floor - it is enough to install ladders-bridges along the beams. The insulation layer in the space between the beams is 15-20 cm. Since there will be no large loads on the elements, it is realistic to do without a reinforcing belt. The exception is when the attic on the upper floors will be used as a living room.

When building a house, any developer faces the question of choosing an interfloor floor. The three most common types of floors are wooden, monolithic reinforced concrete and prefabricated reinforced concrete, mounted from flat hollow-core slabs. It is this type of flooring, as the most popular and practical for low-rise construction, that will be discussed in this material. From this about interfloor ceilings in a private house you will learn:

What is the difference between hollow-core floor slabs (PC) and floor slabs made by formless molding (PB).
How to lay floors correctly.
How to avoid installation mistakes.
How to store floor slabs.

How to choose a hollow core slab

At first glance at hollow-core floors, it may seem that they differ from each other only in length, thickness and width. But the technical characteristics of hollow core floor slabs are much broader and are described in detail in GOST 9561-91.

Hollow core slab, private house.

Hollow-core interfloor slabs differ from each other in the method of reinforcement. Moreover, reinforcement (depending on the type of slabs) can be performed using prestressed reinforcement or without prestressed reinforcement. More often, floors with prestressed working reinforcement are used.

When choosing floor slabs, you should pay attention to such an important point as the permissible number of sides on which they can be supported. . Usually you can only support on two short sides, but some types of slabs allow support on three or four sides.

PB. Provides support on two sides;
1pc. Thickness – 220 mm. The diameter of the round voids is 159 mm. Allows support on two sides only;
1PKT. Having similar dimensions, it allows support on three sides;
1PKK. Can be leaned on four sides.

Floor slabs also differ in their manufacturing method. There is often a debate about what to prefer – PC or PB.

Andrey164 User FORUMHOUSE

The time has come to cover the basement floor of the building with floor slabs, but I can’t decide what to choose - PC or PB, PB has a better surface finish than PC, but I heard that PB are used only in monolithic-frame houses and country houses, and the end Such slabs cannot be loaded with a wall.

Sasha1983 User FORUMHOUSE

The main difference between the plates lies in the technology of their manufacture.

PC (thickness from 160 to 260 mm and typical load-bearing capacity of 800 kg/sq.m.) is cast in formwork. PB brand panels (thickness from 160 mm to 330 mm and typical load-bearing capacity from 800 kg/sq.m) are manufactured using formless continuous casting (this allows for a smoother and more even surface than PC panels). PBs are also called extruder ones.

PB, due to prestressing of the compressed and tensile zones (prestressing of the reinforcement is done at any length of the slab), is less susceptible to cracking than PC. PCs with a length of up to 4.2 meters can be produced without prestressed reinforcement and have a greater free deflection than PB.

At the customer's request, PB can be cut to individual specified sizes (from 1.8 to 9 meters, etc.). They can also be cut lengthwise and into individual longitudinal elements, as well as making an oblique cut at an angle of 30-90 degrees, without losing its load-bearing capacity. This greatly simplifies the layout of such floor slabs on a construction site and provides greater freedom to the designer, because The dimensions of the building box and load-bearing walls are not tied to standard PC dimensions.

When choosing PC interfloor slabs (more than 4.2 meters long), it is important to remember this feature - they are prestressed with special stops at the ends of the slab. If you cut off the end of the PC, then the stop (cut off together with the end of the PC and the vertical reinforcement) will not work. Accordingly, the working reinforcement will cling to the concrete only with its side surface. This will significantly reduce the load-bearing capacity of the slab.

Despite the better quality smooth surface, good geometry, lighter weight and high load-bearing capacity, this point should be taken into account when choosing a PB. Hollow holes in the PC (depending on the width of the slab, with a diameter of 114 to 203 mm) make it possible to easily punch a hole in it for a sewer riser with a diameter of 100 mm. While the size of the void hole in the PB is 60 mm. Therefore, to punch a through hole in a PB brand panel (so as not to damage the reinforcement), you should check with the manufacturer in advance on how best to do this.

Floor slabs for a private house: installation features

PB (unlike PC) does not have mounting loops (or you have to pay extra for their installation), which can complicate their loading, unloading and installation.

It is not recommended to use the “folk” method of installing the PB, when the fastening hooks cling to the end of the hollow hole. In this case, there is a high probability that the hook will be torn out of the hole due to the destruction of the end of the slab, or the hook will simply slip off. This will cause the slab to fall. Also, at your own peril and risk, you can use a method in which a crowbar is inserted into the hollow holes of the PB (two crowbars on one side of the slab) and hooks cling to them.

Installation of PB slabs is allowed only with the use of soft chocks or a special traverse.

ProgC User FORUMHOUSE

To pull the joist out from under the slab, when laying it, leave a gap of 2 cm to the adjacent slab. Then we move the already laid slab with a crowbar to the adjacent one.

Max_im User FORUMHOUSE

Personal experience: I laid slabs at my construction site using this method. The gap was left at 3 cm. The slabs were laid on a cement-sand mixture 2 cm thick. The mixture acted as a lubricant, and the slabs were easily moved with a crowbar to the distance I needed.

Also, when installing floor slabs, it is necessary to comply with the calculated values of the minimum depth of support for the slab. The following numbers can be used as a guide:

brick wall, minimum support depth is 8 cm, maximum support depth is 16 cm;
reinforced concrete – 7 cm, maximum support depth – 12 cm;
gas and foam concrete blocks - at least 10-12 cm, optimal support depth - 15 cm;
steel structures – 7 cm.

It is not recommended to support the floor slab more than 20 cm, because as the depth of support increases, it begins to “work” like a pinched beam. When laying floor panels on walls built with gas and foam concrete blocks, it is necessary to install a reinforced concrete armored belt, which is described in detail in the article:. Read also our article, which explains in detail. We wish you to successfully apply the acquired knowledge on your construction sites!

Before installing the slabs, it is recommended to seal the ends of the hollow holes. The voids are sealed to prevent water from getting inside the panel. This also increases the strength at the ends of the slabs (this applies to a greater extent to PC than to PB) if load-bearing partitions are supported on them. The voids can be filled by inserting half a brick into them and “filling” the gap with a layer of concrete. Typically, voids are sealed to a depth of at least 12-15 cm.

If water does get inside the slabs, it must be removed. To do this, a hole is drilled in the panel, in the “void,” from below, through which water can flow out. This is especially important to do if the floors have already been laid, and the house went into winter without a roof. In cold weather, water can freeze inside the hollow hole (since there is nowhere for it to flow out) and tear the slab.

Sergey Perm User FORUMHOUSE

I had slabs laid on the floor for a whole year. I specially drilled holes in the “voids” with a hammer drill, and a lot of water flowed out. Each channel must be drilled.

Before laying floor slabs, it is necessary to select a truck crane with the required lifting capacity. It is important to take into account the accessibility of access roads, the maximum possible reach of the boom of the truck crane and the permissible weight of the load. And also calculate the possibility of laying floor panels not from one point, but from both sides of the house.

zumpf User FORUMHOUSE

The surface on which the floor slab is laid must be level and free of debris. Before laying the panel, a cement mixture, the so-called, is “spread”. mortar “bed”, 2 cm thick. This will ensure its reliable adhesion to the walls or armored belt. Also, before installing the panels and before applying the mortar to the wall, you can lay a reinforcing rod with a diameter of 10-12 mm.

This method will allow you to strictly control the vertical mixing of all slabs when laying them (since the panel will not fall below the rod). The rod will not allow it to completely squeeze out the cement mortar from under itself and lie down “dry.” It is not allowed to install slabs in steps. Depending on the length of the slabs, the discrepancy between the ends should not exceed 8-12 mm.

A serious mistake during installation is covering two spans at once with one slab, i.e. it rests on three walls. Because of this, loads unforeseen by the reinforcement scheme arise in it, and under certain unfavorable circumstances, it may crack.

If such a layout cannot be avoided, to relieve stress, a cut is made with a grinder along the upper surface of the panels, exactly above the middle partition (wall).

Another point that you should pay attention to is how to block a flight of stairs between floor slabs if there is nothing to support them on. In this case, you can run two channels parallel to the slabs, and place one across, along the edge of the opening, tie the reinforcement cage in the form of a mesh with a cell of 20 cm and a rod diameter of 8 mm, etc. Place the formwork and fill the monolithic area. There is no need to tie the channel to the floor slabs. In this case, they rest on two short sides and are not subject to loads from the support unit of the flight of stairs.

How to properly store floor slabs on site

Ideally, if the panels are brought to the site, they should be installed immediately. If for some reason this cannot be done, the question arises: how to properly store them.

To store the slabs, it is necessary to prepare a solid and level area in advance. You can't just put them on the ground. In this case, the lower slab may rest on the ground, and, due to the uneven load, it will break under the weight of the upper slabs.

Products should be stacked in a stack of no more than 8-10 pieces. Moreover, spacers are placed under the bottom row (from timber 200x200 mm, etc.), and all subsequent rows are placed through spacers - a 25 mm thick inch board. The spacers should be located no further than 30-45 cm from the ends of the slabs, and they should be positioned strictly vertically one above the other. This will ensure uniform load redistribution.

, and read about e. The video reveals everything

If the construction of a house is carried out from aerated concrete, the best floor for it is wooden. This is the most economical option that can be made by hand.

Installation requires only two people. Another advantage of wood is its light weight, which is very important for aerated concrete.

Wooden floors in aerated concrete houses can be interfloor, basement and attic. The fundamental difference between them is small, but there are some features of their arrangement.

Flooring materials

Wooden beams. Material - solid wood or laminated veneer lumber. Their dimensions should not be less than 50x150 mm. They should not have weakened areas or large knots that could affect their load-bearing capacity. The wood must be dry at the time of installation. The specific dimensions of the beams depend on the length of the span to be covered and the pitch of their installation. This provides a calculated load of 400 kg per square floor.

Boards for flooring and flooring.
Wooden logs.
Wooden blocks 5x5 cm.
Roll and coating waterproofing to prevent contact between wood and aerated concrete. If there is direct contact between these materials, the difference in thermal characteristics will lead to the formation of condensation, causing the wood to rot.
Mineral wool type insulation.
Material for internal floor lining. OSB, plywood, lining, drywall, etc. can be used.
Antiseptic and heat-resistant impregnations. They are necessary for impregnation of beams and boards. Impregnations prevent wood from rotting, damage by pests, and fire.
Cement and sand to create an armored belt.

Making an armored belt

Since aerated blocks have a relatively fragile structure, before arranging the ceiling on the walls, it is necessary to form a reinforcing belt of reinforced concrete. It will evenly distribute pressure loads over the entire area of the walls, and will also additionally strengthen the walls of the house.

To create an armored belt, U-shaped gas blocks are used, which are laid as the top row. If such blocks are not available, you can make them yourself by cutting out recesses in ordinary aerated concrete. After laying the U-shaped blocks, a load-bearing frame of reinforcement is formed in the recesses. It consists of four longitudinal rods connected to each other into a single structure. Pieces of wood are placed under the lower reinforcement to create a monolithic layer of concrete under the metal.

After this, concrete is poured into the blocks. The surface for laying the ceiling is ready. An armored belt can be made without U-shaped blocks by simply pouring concrete into the formwork fixed on top of the walls, but this method is too labor-intensive.

Interfloor covering arrangement

We list the procedure for performing work on creating an interfloor floor made of wood.

Approximate diagram of a wooden floor. Designations: 1 - floor; 2 - waterproofing; 3 - insulation; 4 - counter rail; 5 - beam; 6 - rough ceiling; 7 - vapor barrier; 8 - internal finishing.

Laying beams

The formation of the floor begins with the laying of power beams on the walls. They are laid perpendicular to the long walls of the house. The laying step usually does not exceed 1 m. B Alks must extend onto the walls at least 15 cm. First, the outer beams are installed, which are leveled using a long and even board placed on the end. There should not be a tight connection of the outer beams to the walls. A gap of about 3–4 cm should be left between them. Subsequently, this gap will be filled with insulation.

Installed wooden beams

The outer beams are attached to the wall, after which the remaining beams are installed. Not only their level is controlled, but also the horizontal position. If the length of the support beams is insufficient, they can be extended with the same material. To do this, two beams are connected with an overlap of 0.5 m to 1 m, after which they are bolted. This connection is considered quite reliable.

The timber is attached to the reinforced belt using anchor plates in the following order:

The ends of the beams are cut at an angle of about 70 degrees to ensure moisture removal.
The wood is coated on all sides and ends with antiseptic and heat-resistant impregnations.

Advice: the ends of the beams should not be coated with oily impregnations or paint. In this case, the evaporation of moisture from the wood will be disrupted.

The parts of the beams extending onto the wall are coated with a layer of bitumen mastic and wrapped with several layers of roofing felt.
The beams are attached with anchor plates to the reinforced belt.
The outer ends of the beams on the outside of the walls are insulated with polystyrene foam.

Insulation of beams

The voids between the laid beams are filled. This can be done with bricks, but preferably with gas blocks. It is necessary to leave 2-3 cm gaps between the blocks and the wood. These voids are tightly clogged with mineral wool. This prevents the formation of condensation and dampening of the wood from contact with the walls.

Laying beads and insulating the floor

To insulate the ceiling, it is necessary to make a roll-up. 5x5 cm bars are attached along the bottom of the laid beams. They can be secured with long self-tapping screws. Boards made of boards are laid on them, but individual cut pieces of boards can also be used. Insulation (mineral wool or expanded polystyrene) is tightly placed on the boards. The recommended insulation thickness is from 10 cm.

Laying joists and flooring

On top of the created structure, perpendicular to the beams, logs are laid, which are also pre-treated with special impregnations. Logs usually have a smaller cross-section than beams. The pitch of laying the logs is 50–70 cm. The logs are attached to the beams. Floor boards are laid on top of the fixed joists. The bottom of the floor is sheathed with OSB boards, chipboard, plasterboard or multi-layer plywood.

Basement floor covering device

If the ceiling is made above a heated basement floor, its design is no different from the installation of an interfloor ceiling. If the ground floor is cold, such as a basement, there are some features of its arrangement.

Since water vapor tends to circulate from a warm room to a cold basement, the insulation will absorb a lot of moisture. To prevent this, a layer of vapor barrier is laid on top of it. It is also recommended to increase the thickness of the insulation layer to 20 cm. All beams, as well as other wooden floor elements, must be protected from rotting with special compounds.

Attic floor installation

The difference between an attic floor and an interfloor floor is the absence of a floor, as well as the use of a thicker layer of thermal insulation. If an attic is built on top, then the floor is also made. A wooden floor for walls made of aerated concrete blocks, if installed correctly, will ensure the reliability and durability of the built house. At the same time, the cost of work and materials will be much lower than when using reinforced concrete floors.

When building a private house, it is important to choose the right design solutions for its elements. One of the most important structures can be called the ceiling. Properly selected thickness of the reinforced concrete floor slab in the house between floors will ensure its reliability and safety.

Types of reinforced concrete structures and scope

Monolithic slabs are suitable for use in massive buildings made of stone or brick. In a brick house, such an overlap creates a disc that gives the building additional rigidity. When laying interfloor reinforced concrete floors, it is important to choose the type of its manufacture:

monolithic;
prefabricated

Both of these methods are common today, but gradually the first one is replacing the second one. The main disadvantages of a monolithic floor are the cost of formwork and the need to wait for the concrete to harden. The advantages include:

high laying speed;
reduction of financial costs;
no need for complex lifting equipment;
possibility of pouring a slab of complex configuration in plan;
reliability and strength.

Diagram of a monolithic structure

The advantages of prefabricated technology include:

high installation speed;
there is no need to wait until the concrete gains strength;
reliability and durability;
simpler manufacturing technology.

This method has slightly more disadvantages than the previous one:

large mass of individual elements;
there is a need for lifting equipment (truck crane);
limited number of standard sizes, difficulty in covering rooms of unusual shapes.

Scheme of a prefabricated product

The choice between technologies for constructing floors between floors depends on the preferences of the future owner of the house and economic considerations. If the distances between load-bearing walls are far from standard, a large number of non-standard products will be required, which will lead to higher construction costs. In this case, it is better to opt for the monolithic version.

Slab thickness

It is necessary to know the thickness of the slab in order to calculate the total height of the ceiling and floor. This will be required when calculating the height of the floor, room and the entire building. The thickness of the overlap depends on the type of structure chosen. If the decision is made to use monolithic technology, it also depends on the loads from people, furniture, equipment and floor construction.

Prefabricated slabs according to the PC and PB series

These elements are most often used in construction. PC slabs are round-hollow. They are laid between floors, both in private houses and in multi-storey buildings. PB boards are a fairly new technology that is gradually replacing the PC series. They can be produced in any length, regardless of the dimensions given in regulatory documents. They differ in the manufacturing method - the continuous molding method. They have some limitations and are not fully studied, but they are successfully used in both private and mass construction.

Design diagram measuring 220 mm

The thickness of the plate is standard. Is 220 mm. To calculate the total height of the floor with the floor structure, you need to add to this value:

concrete screed thickness, approximately 30-50 mm;
if soundproofing or insulation is necessary, the thickness of the thermal insulation material (30-50 mm for sound insulation, 100-150 mm for thermal insulation);
flooring (depending on the type, the highest height will be for a wooden floor, the smallest for linoleum or ceramic tiles);
ceiling design.

In total, the height of the concrete floor in a private house with a floor structure when using PB or PC series slabs is approximately 300 mm.

PT series plates

These elements are in most cases used as additional elements for the PB and PC series. The laying of such slabs between levels is carried out in those places where the distance between the walls does not allow the installation of large-sized products. They have small dimensions in plan, which allows them to cover small spans. The slabs are suitable for installation over corridors, bathrooms, utility rooms and storage rooms. Support can be done on all sides.

Reinforced concrete products for residential and public buildings

Product thickness 80 or 120 mm. The total height of the reinforced concrete floor with floor elements is 150-200 mm, depending on the type of floor covering.

When used, align with PC and PB products along the upper edge of the floor.

Irregularities are corrected using the ceiling structure.

Overlapping according to profiled sheet

A fairly common method for private housing construction. In this case, the profiled sheet serves as formwork and a load-bearing element of the monolithic slab. Main design elements:

Product design based on profiled sheets

load-bearing beams (I-beams, channels or angles with a large flange width);
corrugated sheet, which is laid on the beams (the waves should be perpendicular to the load-bearing elements);
layer of concrete mortar.

All thicknesses are selected depending on the payload. For a private house, you can give the average values of a monolithic slab between spaces located at different horizontal levels:

The height of beams (I-beams or channels) for spans up to 5-6 meters is approximately 220-270 mm.
The wave height of the corrugated sheet plus the thickness of the concrete layer depends on the step between the load-bearing beams and the planned load. The minimum value for a monolithic slab of a private house is 150 mm.
Concrete screed, the thickness of which is 30-50 mm.
If necessary, add a layer of insulation from 30 to 150 mm, depending on the purpose of its installation.
Clean floor design. The thickness depends on the type of flooring.

Supporting a profiled sheet can occur in two ways:

on top of supporting beams;
adjacent to them.

In the first case, the thickness takes into account the full height of the I-beam or channel, and in the second, the thickness of the reinforced concrete floor is significantly reduced. The minimum height is for light loads.

According to regulatory documents, the weight of floors in a private house is 150 kg per square meter.

When calculating, this value must be increased by a safety factor of 1.2. For more severe loads, reinforced corrugated sheets and a thicker concrete layer are used.

Ribbed monolithic ceiling

For a private home, you can use another technology for making a floor base. Ribbed reinforced concrete slab consists of long ribs spread along the long sides of the room and a thin layer of concrete between them. The space between the ribs is filled with insulation (expanded clay, mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, etc.).

The thickness of the monolithic slab is calculated from the following values:

Rib height. For private housing construction, in most cases a thickness of 200 mm is sufficient. In this case, the thickness of the area between the ribs can be 50-100 mm. The rib width is selected to be approximately 100 mm.
Thickness of cement-sand screed. Accepted within 30-50 mm.
Floor construction. The thickness depends on the floor covering and on average is in the range of 10-50 mm.

A ribbed ceiling, as well as a corrugated sheet, allows you to reduce concrete consumption while maintaining a sufficiently large thickness. Making ribs is a difficult task. The use of corrugated sheets allows you to create a floor with a ribbed surface without unnecessary labor costs.

Proper selection and calculation of the thickness of a concrete slab will allow you to calculate the height of the premises, the consumption of concrete mixture and determine the financial and labor costs at the design stage of the facility. In the case of prefabricated floors, the thickness for all elements is standard.