All school subjects. List of compulsory subjects at school. Basic curriculum

Today, a wide variety of academic disciplines are taught in public schools - biology, physics, chemistry, algebra, literature, foreign languages, etc. - which should contribute to the formation of a harmonious and educated personality. But some scientists are confident that the list of compulsory school subjects should be completely different.

1. The Basics of Writing Fantasy Novels

If you ask any elementary school student, they will tell you that making up your own stories is fun. Many scientists argue that for better development of imaginative thinking, children should not only learn classical literature, but also learn to write books themselves.

2. Applied mechanics (invention)

In schools, as a rule, they teach abstract algebra and geometry, which few people will need in life. Most children find these subjects boring, since the course of study provides only bare theory. Surely, more people would begin to get involved in the exact sciences if they taught them through practical examples, while inventing various devices. Maybe there would be a new Leonardo da Vinci in the world.

3. Filmmaking

Some public schools have drama clubs, the attendance of which is optional and not compulsory. But in such circles they usually teach performing skills. Considering the pace at which the film industry is developing in the world, it would be worth teaching children how to make films or TV series. For example, one can only imagine how much more brilliant films Steven Spielberg would have made if he had received the appropriate education while still in school.

4. Latin

In the modern world, it is very important to know not only your native language. Latin is the basis of any Romance language. If you get at least basic knowledge of Latin at school, then it will be much easier to learn Spanish, Italian, Portuguese and French.

5. Multi-confessional theology

Upon graduating from public school or college, most young people have no idea about the intricacies of most of the world's major religions. In order not to prejudge the beliefs of other nationalities, it would be worthwhile to familiarize yourself with the pros and cons of each of them.

6. History of philosophy

Of course, we should be realistic and not rely on children being able to fully comprehend the complexity and abstraction of philosophical science. But the foundations of philosophy could be useful in everyday life: people would stop thinking too one-sidedly. All famous politicians were often guided in their work and decision-making by the works of such geniuses as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Confucius, Gautama, Sun Tzu and many others.

7. Sports

All schools have physical education classes designed to maintain children's overall physical fitness. It would be much more practical for children, in addition to running and jumping, to also learn the basics and rules of popular sports such as football or basketball.

8. Chess

Most people have a very vague idea of ​​how different pieces move in chess. There are only 1000 international grandmasters worldwide. At the same time, absolutely all scientists admit that chess is an excellent tool for developing the mind. Professional chess players almost always perform better in the sciences, and are also much more diligent and have a more analytical mindset.

9. Music

There are music lessons in almost every school, but the knowledge that children receive is very fragmentary. For example, only a paragraph in a textbook may be devoted to Beethoven, and most high school students know nothing at all about Rachmaninoff. Classical music would clearly not be out of place in the school curriculum.

10. Martial arts

It would be a good idea to include the basics of teaching martial arts in physical education lessons so that children can protect themselves from bullies. Children could also gain greater self-confidence, which would help them later in life.

As soon as a person becomes an adult, he realizes that what he was taught at school was not at all what can be used in real life. In our previous review.

Let me make a reservation right away - this is my personal opinion as an ex-schoolgirl and mother. Let it be subjective, but reasonable. It’s just a shame to watch how children and teachers spend a lot of energy, time and nerves on lessons that no one needs.

The school curriculum is such a thing that hundreds of copies have been broken. And it seems like they change it every year, the long-suffering one: they add one thing, then take away another. Sometimes they juggle with astronomy, sometimes they dance around Orthodoxy lessons with a tambourine. What do we really want from school? Give a person knowledge that will be useful to him in life? Fundamentals of comprehensive development? Interested in further study of the subject?

I remember my own studies. I know what my own daughter is being taught now. And I have my own ranking of the most useless school subjects.

1. Life safety - basics of life safety

This is an absolute hit. Just deciphering the abbreviation is worth it! She herself is discordant. And in the long form, it’s some kind of stillborn set of words. If you think about it, parents teach their children the basics of life safety. Do not climb into boiling water, do not grab a hot stove, correctly pass the knife and cross the road. What about at school? We had this subject taught by a former military man who enthusiastically told us how to behave during a nuclear explosion. Don’t behave in any way, you will die anyway. And me too. Moreover, like a real hipster with headphones, I will die without even understanding what happened. And knowing how to put on a gas mask correctly will not help at all.

No, knowledge of how to pump out a drowning person, how to wash pepper gas off your face or bandage your arms and legs will certainly come in handy. But military ranks memorized by heart (!) or the practice of writing essays on the topic “The Ideal Soldier” are unlikely. Meanwhile, the first point is usually limited to instructions like “In any unclear situation, apply ice and call an ambulance.” (What kind of practice? What are you talking about?) But the second point is presented in quite a detailed manner. And, in my opinion, this is an extremely mediocre waste of time. The essay can also be written in Russian.

What to replace: first aid classes, how to recognize a stroke, how to act in emergency situations (getting lost, for example). And it would be nice to explain what kind of help a person who finds himself in such a situation is entitled to - from the police, from doctors and officials.

2. Labor education

In the form in which it exists now, it is an anachronism. For example, I was taught to embroider. Guys, are you serious? Embroidery can become a hobby. But devoting school time to it? Of course, the basics of cooking or sewing will come in handy. True, it’s hardly worth sewing an apron or skirt at school. Still, only a few will do this in life. “It would be better if they taught how to darn socks. Or put patches on jeans,” I muttered, hand-stitching with a needle. For what??? Why do I need these skills? However, I don’t even darn my socks – I throw them in the trash with an unwavering hand. And my daughter was taught to sew on a manual machine. Apparently, in case it falls into the Stone Age and electricity is canceled.

What about studying kitchen design? As soon as it comes to my own kitchen, I will be my own designer, and not a single school textbook can tell me.

Boys are taught to sand, saw and plan. No, not bad, of course. Although I have not seen a single adult man who enthusiastically knocks together stools. No, I'm lying. I saw one. He makes a living from this. In general, a stool is much easier to buy than to make. Of course, I welcome the ability to hold a hammer in your hands. But a milling machine is unlikely to appear in my family nest.

What to replace: why not teach girls style lessons, since we've decided to raise ladies? The appropriateness of makeup, the compatibility of colors and clothing elements - everything is better than embroidery. Manicure, maybe even the basics of hairdressing. It would be useful again for career guidance.

What about the boys? You know, every woman probably has a dream that her man would be able to fix a faucet or sink. Do you know many men who knew at least something about the structure of the sink before you asked to fix something there? And one more, in my opinion, useful skill is to understand cars. Change the wheel, tighten the terminal on the battery. Know how the hood opens.

And certainly neither one nor the other could use driving lessons. At least at the stand, at least starting, the basics. Personally, I would trade any hoop for driving practice.

3. Physical education

Don't rush to throw slippers at me. I'm not advocating giving up activism. But there are nuances. In most schools, physical education is taught simply poorly. And in general they don’t count it as a lesson. On the one hand, not every school has the opportunity to teach swimming, for example, or skating. And there is no opportunity to take a shower either. And it sucks.

On the other hand... I don’t even know. Maybe tradition? After all, for the last 30 years, physical education lessons have looked the same: for most of the quarter we fool around, play volleyball in a circle, or chatter. And we pass three or four lessons out of the entire quarter like crazy. Despite the fact that the majority cannot do push-ups, sit-ups, or pull-ups correctly. Maybe you learned the rules of playing volleyball or basketball? Nope. What did you do for so many years in physical education? Unclear.

But we wrote abstracts. About the same basketball. This is how armchair fans grow up.

And yet - my, personally, my physical education teacher was so mediocre that he trusted the most active students from my class to conduct relay races. They came up with the stages themselves and carried them out themselves. We felt incredibly cool. For me, the relay races ended when I broke my arm right in class. After this incident, just the sight of the gym scared me to the point of hiccups. And my own appearance scared the teacher to the point of hiccups.

What to replace: self-defense basics and choreography. It will be useful for both. And also - at least some theory of a healthy lifestyle: nutrition, metabolism, other basics of fitness.

Academic subjects- training courses taught in schools in Russia and other post-Soviet states.

The name is also used to designate academic disciplines in professional educational organizations and educational organizations of higher education.

Based on the results of each quarter (in grades 1-9), trimester (in some schools), half-years (10-11), and each academic year, students are given grades. After completing the school course of study in academic subjects, final exams are taken and, if the student wishes to continue studying, entrance exams to universities.

In the 9th and 11th grades, it is mandatory to take exams in the Russian language and mathematics in the forms of the OGE (for 9th grades) and the Unified State Exam (for 11th grades). In addition to the main subjects, a student can take any number of additional subjects. This is usually recommended for admission to a specialized class after the 9th grade and is necessary for admission to a university after the 11th grade. VPRs are written annually.

List of academic subjects studied at school (11-year education)

Mathematical

• Mathematics: 1-6 grade (in some schools up to 5 grade)
• Algebra
• Geometry: 7-11 grade (in some schools from 5th grade)
• Computer science (ICT): grades 7-11 (in some schools from grade 5) grades 1-4 preparatory, as an elective.

Social scientific

As part of history, from the 5th grade they study World History and the History of Russia (including the history of the USSR). Geography (sometimes called natural history) also begins in 5th grade.

• Story: 5-11 grades. In grades 3-4 (not in all schools) a propaedeutic course of “stories on the history of Russia” is studied, which examines only selected events in Russian history and (in the sense of maps of military operations) with significant details thrown out. In the 5th grade the history of the Ancient World is studied, in the 6th grade they study world history - History of the Middle Ages, and in the history of Russia - the period from ancient times to the 16th century. In the 7th-8th grades in world history, the history of modern times is studied, and in the history of Russia in the 7th grade the period of the 17th-18th centuries is studied, in the 8th grade - the history of the 19th century. In the 9th grade, they study world history - History of Modern Times, and in History of Russia - the history of the 21st centuries. In grades 10-11, the history of Russia and the world is studied in the form of a problem-analytic course, where students must work with a problem proposed by the authors of the textbook. In the 10th grade - from ancient times to the end of the 19th century, and in the 11th grade - the 20th century - the beginning of the 21st century.
• Geography: grades 5-11. In grades 5-6 - a general course in geography, in grades 7 - physical geography of the world, in grades 8-9 - geography of Russia (in grade 8 physical, and in grade 9 economic), in grades 10-11 - economic geography of the world.

Natural science

• Natural history: 5th grade (not everywhere)
• The world around us or the World around us: on electronic media: 1-4, 11, including for teachers.
• Geography: grades 5-11 (in some schools from grade 6)
• Biology: 5-11 grade
• Astronomy: 10th grade (in some schools in 11th grade)
• Physics: grades 7-11 (in some schools from grade 5)
• Chemistry: 8-11 grade (in some schools from 7th grade)
• Fundamentals of life safety (HS): grades 5-11 (in some schools from grade 8)
• Science: grades 5-11 (not everywhere). According to the 2004 GOS FC, in grades 10-11 it was possible to replace physics, chemistry and biology with this subject, if none of these subjects is studied at the profile level.
• Ecology: grades 5-11 (not everywhere). The mandatory minimum content of education includes a section on “Ecology,” although this subject is not included in the basic curriculum.

Teaching natural science subjects begins in the 1st grade (The world around us or the World around us), in the 5th grade this academic subject is called “ Natural history", according to FC GOS, it is possible to study the subject "Natural History" in the 6th grade by combining the subjects "Biology" and "Geography".

The study of chemistry usually begins in grades 7 or 8 (grades 7-9 - inorganic chemistry, at the end of grade 9 - organic chemistry, grade 10 - organic chemistry, grade 11 - general chemistry and repetition of inorganic chemistry)

Humanities

• History: (3)5-11 grades
• Civics: grades 5-11 (not everywhere)
• Social science: 7-11 grades. From 6th to 9th grade the basics of social studies are studied. The official name of the subject is “Social Studies (including Economics and Law)”; in grades 10-11 at the basic level, subjects can be studied either separately or as part of the subject “Social Studies”. At the profile level, subjects are studied separately from each other.
• Fundamentals of religious cultures and secular ethics: 4th grade. As an experiment - since 2010 in certain regions of the Russian Federation. Mandatory in all schools since 2012. Includes:

• "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture"
• "Fundamentals of Islamic Culture"
• "Fundamentals of Buddhist Culture"
• "Fundamentals of Jewish culture"
• "Fundamentals of world religious cultures"
• Fundamentals of spiritual and moral cultures (SFMC) In 5th grade (not everywhere)

Philological

• Calligraphy: 1st grade (not everywhere) (usually as an elective)
• Literacy: 1st grade
• Native language: 1-11 grades. Only in republics with their own language or national areas or schools with an ethnocultural component. In these schools, in grades 1-2, it was allowed to “borrow” the hours allocated for mastering “technology” and “fine arts” on this subject, with the subsequent “return” of these hours.
• Russian language: 1-9 grade

• Reading: grades 1-4, in the Budgetary Educational Institution of the Russian Federation it is called “Literary reading”
• Literature: 5-11 grades
• Foreign language: grades 2-11 (in some schools from grade 1) (English, French, German, Spanish, others can be studied (Lithuanian, Ukrainian, Chinese, Polish, Ancient Greek, Hebrew, Estonian, Latin), but an exam in the form of the Unified State Exam is possible pass only in these languages)

In grade 1, students study reading (literature) and writing (native language or Russian), Russian language (spelling, punctuation, syntax, grammar, rhetoric). From grades 1 to 8, literature lessons cover various foreign authors and Russian literature (including modern), from grades 9 to 11 - Russian classical literature. Students write and write essays. Previously, essays were given two grades: 2 and 3 - in Russian language and literature. The work of writers and poets is studied - mainly Pushkin, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Yesenin, Tvardovsky, and modern writers.

Many schools provide for the study of more than one foreign language. At the same time, in most schools it is compulsory (as a first or as a second) to study English. Among the languages ​​for which the Unified State Exam is not provided, Chinese is the most widespread.

Previously, it was possible to distribute the hours allocated for mastering the academic subject “Foreign Language” in grades 2, 3, 4 into Russian language and literature. Now there is no such possibility.

Labor training

Physical training

• Physical education: grades 1-11. As a rule, it takes place in various places (gym, stadium, forest), where students play sports.
• Various sports, perhaps optional or as an elective, for example:
  • Chess: 1-4 grades. (in some schools from 2nd grade)
  • Volleyball: 4-6 grades.

The transition from primary to secondary school is not easy for all children. Of course, every thing is new for them: new subjects, new teachers, perhaps new classmates. Changes are always very difficult, because even an adult does not always like sudden changes. And the child’s psyche is much weaker than an adult’s. Parents should be faithful companions of the child, always taking an interest in his affairs. Therefore, many people are concerned about the question of what subjects are studied in the 5th grade. After all, you want to prepare for training.

5th grade: what subjects are studied?

• Natural history.
• Mathematics.
• Music.
• ISO.
• Russian language.
• Physical Culture.
• ODNKR.
• Foreign language.
• Story.
• Literature.
• LIFE SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS.
• Technology (labor).
• Social science.
• Geography.
• Computer science.

It is worth noting that subjects such as geography, social studies and ODNCR were recently included in this list. Also, some schools study other additional subjects, because, according to the new rules, educational institutions can now add lessons authorized by the Ministry on their own.

For example, some schools teach civics and local history. This is not to say that these items are useless. Every person should know the history of their region, the geography of the area, and have information about the minerals that exist there. And civics is useful in that a child from an early age will know the basis of Russian legislation, because every citizen must be legally literate. And it is better to instill this property from an early age.

What subjects have not been studied before in 5th grade? Geography and social studies have long been studied from the 6th grade of secondary school, but the Ministry of Education decided to change the system and gradually introduce these subjects from the 5th grade. Educational programs in this case do not involve learning something new and complex; this year serves as an introductory period for children and is an introduction to the discipline.

Many parents are interested in what subjects their children study as electives in the 5th grade. The answer is simple: world artistic culture, rhetoric and visual geometry.

Music

Not long ago, this subject became part of the school curriculum, at least in its modern form. Previously, this subject was called “singing.” During lessons, the kids learned songs, sang them, and that was the end of it all.

Now more time is allocated to studying musical culture and history. Teachers are engaged in the individual development of the creative abilities of each child.

During music lessons, children consider biographies of world and domestic composers, singers and singers, and study the history of opera.and ballet, learn to hear and distinguish the sounds of various musical instruments.

In order to develop the hearing of each child, the music teacher works in groups, conducting lessons in the form of a game. For example, each student is given any object that can make sound (this could be pots, plates, pens, or toys). The teacher gives a command, and each child begins to make his instrument create music, and all the sounds merge together. Gradually, children begin to hear even the most subtle notes.

Therefore, if we talk about which subjects in the 5th grade are considered the most necessary for a child, we can safely say about music.

ISO

This subject also applies to those that develop the child’s creative potential. After all, not all parents have enough time to do this with their children at home. Therefore, the school takes on this function.

But not all teachers plan the art subject correctly (grade 5). What subjects and techniques do children study at this age? Almost none. The teacher should not convince the child that, for example, he cannot draw or that he is not good at something. After all, creativity is a very subtle and subjective matter. Therefore, teachers should only instill in the child a love for the process itself, and not turn the lesson into another fear of getting a bad grade.

ODNKR

Many parents are horrified when they see this subject on their child's schedule. But there is no need to be afraid. As part of this lesson, children study the culture of the peoples of Russia: read fairy tales of the North, study the preferences that have formed among the citizens of our country, and trace the history of specific regions and peoples. We can say that this is history and ethnography merged together.

And if you ask the question about what subjects were introduced in 5th grade in Russia (2014-2015), then this is definitely ODNKR.

Program "School of Russia"

An increasing number of schools are switching to this educational program with each new academic year. The program provides for the study of social studies in grade 5, as well as geography and biology. But biology and geography are studied in one textbook for 2 years.

The main advantage of this program is that each discipline contains a large number of didactic materials, exercises and workbooks, and this increases the child’s potential and desire to learn.

What subjects are compulsory in the 5th grade according to the School of Russia program? This question worries many parents. Of course it is:

• Russian language.
• Literature.
• Mathematics.
• Biology.
• Geography.
• Social science.
• LIFE SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS.
• Music.
• ISO.
• Story.

Thus, parents who read this article should not have any questions about what subjects their children will study in 5th grade.