Task 15 Unified State Exam 2015

This is how the task is formulated in the 2015 demo:

Place the signs punctuation. Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to put ONE comma.

1) Someone was cleaning the mansion and waiting for the owners.

2) In the syntactic structure of the two poetic texts we can find both similarities and differences.

3) M.V. Lomonosov outlined a distinction between significant and functional words, and later this distinction was supported by the largest representatives of Russian science.

4) Many literary scholars and historians argue again and again about Goethe’s correspondence with the great Russian poet A.S. Pushkin.

5) A.S. Green could describe in detail both the bend of the river and the location of houses, both ancient forests and cozy seaside towns.

Remember: For completing task 15, you can score from 0 to 2 points.

For each correctly indicated number corresponding to the answer number, the examinee receives 1 point. If 2 numbers are given correctly, the examinee receives 2 points. The order in which the numbers are written in the answer does not matter.

The task combines two tasks from last year’s KIMs: on commas in complex sentences and in sentences with homogeneous members. The answers may contain 2 examples with BSC, or 2 examples with homogeneous members, or 1 - BSC and 1 - with homogeneous members.

As follows from the wording of KIM 15, it is necessary to remember how punctuation marks are placed in a simple complex sentence (with homogeneous members) and in a complex sentence.

The main concept that allows us to distinguish between simple and complex sentences is GRAMMAR BASIS.

The grammatical basis is made up of the main members of the sentence, i.e. the subject and predicate in a two-part sentence or one of the main members in a one-part sentence.

A simple sentence contains one grammatical stem. It can be complicated; in this task we are interested in PUNCTION MARKS in a simple sentence complicated by HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS.

PUNCTION MARKS in a simple sentence complicated by HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS

Homogeneous sentence members refer to the same sentence member, answer the same question and depend on the same sentence member.

Please note the following:

Firstly, homogeneous members of a sentence are NOT ALWAYS the same part of speech. The most important thing is that they answer the same question and depend on the same word!

Secondly, ANY MEMBERS of a sentence can be homogeneous: the subject, the predicate, the attribute, the complement, and the circumstance.

Homogeneous sentence members can be used:

no unions

with single unions

with repeated conjunctions

with double conjunctions

Bloomed in the garden roses, lilies, daisies

connecting conjunctions and, yes(=and), or

Suddenly a storm came with large AND frequent hail.

Autumn freshness, foliage AND fruits the garden smells fragrant.

adversative conjunctions a, but, yes (= but), but, however

Not iron key the heart opens, A kindness.

or either

not that... not that

1) and Ο, and Ο, and Ο

or Ο, or Ο, or Ο

It seems to me that they are noisy feasts, THAT military mill, THAT contractions combat.

2) Ο, and Ο, and Ο

You me can't you hear, OR Do not understand, Or simply you ignore.

3) Ο and Ο, Ο and Ο

Blizzards AND snowstorm, cold AND darkness did not prevent the polar explorers from landing on the ice floes.

not only but

both...and

if not...then

not so much as

although...but

A comma is placed before the second part of the conjunction!

not only Ο, but also Ο

both Ο and Ο

You can remember these norms HOW masters sports, AND for beginners.

PUNCTION MARKS IN SENTENCES WITH HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS

The comma is placed:

1. , (Peopledanced, laughed .)

2. , But (Wetired, but completed exercise.)

3. and , And (They were on the tableand paints and brushes .)

, And , And (They were on the tablepaints, brushes, and markers .)

4. How , so and (On the table wereboth paints and brushes . They were on the tablenot only paints, but also brushes )

There is no comma:

And Brought to the librarybooks and dictionaries .

or They will bring it to the librarybooks or dictionaries .

Trap #1!

A sentence may have several rows of homogeneous members, so distinguish between constructions with homogeneous members of the sentence connected by repeating conjunctions, and constructions with several rows of homogeneous members that are connected within a row by a single conjunction.

(This is a sentence with three rows of homogeneous members: two homogeneous subjects, two homogeneous predicates and two homogeneous adverbials):

There are no commas anywhere!

Trap #2!

Phraseological phrases

(stable combinations of words):

PUNCTION MARKS in a compound sentence

A compound sentence is a complex sentence in which simple clauses are connected by coordinating conjunctions and, as a rule, are equal grammatically and in meaning.

Coordinating conjunctions that connect simple sentences are found between simple sentences and are not included in any of them.

In complex sentences, parts are separated from each other by commas.

, .

There are no punctuation marks in complex sentences.

1. If there is a common member of the sentence, for example: In autumn, nature falls asleep and people prepare for winter.

(In autumn - a common term: nature falls asleep (when?) in the fall, people prepare for winter (when?) in the fall. A comma is not needed.)

2. If there is an introductory word common to the parts, for example: To our surprise, the weather changed suddenly and it became really hot.

(surprisingly, this is an introductory word; it applies to both parts of the sentence)

3. If parts of a complex sentence have a common subordinate clause or a common non-union part, for example: When mother entered the room, 1 / the fragments of the vase were lying on the floor 2 / and the children were trying to collect them 3.

(each of the parts of the compound sentence (2) and (3) refers to the general subordinate clause (1)

Note:

In the cases listed in paragraphs. 1–3, commas are added if there are repeated conjunctions. For example:

In autumn, nature goes to sleep, and people prepare for winter.

(there is a common member: in the fall, but there is also a repeating conjunction: and... and..., so a comma is needed)

Unfortunately, either the teacher got sick, or the kids decided to skip class.

(there is a general introductory word, but there is also a repeating conjunction either... or..., so a comma is needed)

4. If the parts of a complex sentence are:

interrogative sentences, for example: When will you come again and can we meet?

incentive offers, for example: Try to do everything well and may everything work out for you!

exclamatory sentences, for example: How good you are and how I like everything!

denominative sentences, for example: Heat and stuffiness. Cold and rain.

impersonal sentences, for example: It's hot and stuffy. Cold and rainy.

Task 15 of the Unified State Exam 2018 in the Russian language. Theory.

Task 15 is aimed at identifying your knowledge on the following topics:

Placing a comma with homogeneous terms;

Placing a comma in the BSC.

In a complex sentence, a comma is usually placed between two grammatical stems.

Nature is waking up and people are preparing for winter.

Notes:

1. If there is a common minor member of the sentence, a comma is placed before the conjunction if the conjunction is repeated:

In such weather, the wolf does not prowl, and the bear does not crawl out of the den.

2. An adversative conjunction after or before which there are two simple sentences connected by a conjunction is not a unifying element, therefore a comma is placed before and:

Ibrahim would have been very happy to get rid of it, but the assembly was an official matter, and the sovereign strictly demanded the presence of his entourage (P.); He suppressed a sigh and slowly began to roll up a cigarette, but for some reason his hands trembled, and he spilled tobacco on his knees (Sh.); The thunderstorm passed and the clouds cleared, but the stuffiness still remained.

Task 15 of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language opens a block of tasks on punctuation and tests your ability to see syntactic structures and correctly place punctuation marks. To complete this task correctly, you need to be able to distinguish between simple and complex sentences, as well as correctly place commas in sentences with homogeneous members.

Task formulation

Place punctuation marks. Give two sentences that require

put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) In 1856, the first edition was published in the German city of Karlsruhe

poem “Demon” by former lieutenant of the Tenginsky regiment M.Yu. Lermontov

and in the same year in Omsk in the family of the staff captain of the same Tenginsky

infantry regiment A.M. Vrubel had a son - the future artist Mikhail

2) Many paintings by I.K. Aivazovsky are perceived as musical

or poetic improvisations.

3) For the first time in so many war years, a ringing sound was heard from the park.

children's laughter and the creaking rusted by the rains crashed into the air

4) With the Decembrist poets of the composer A.A. Alyabyev was tied up as

general views and many circumstances of life and difficult personal

5) In the Meshchera region, the sources of rivers and springs and groves and

In this task we will meet coordinating conjunctions, which can connect both homogeneous members of a sentence and simple sentences as part of a complex sentence.

Let's look at different variants of simple sentences with homogeneous members.

1. Single conjunctions AND, OR, EITHER, YES (= AND) do not require a comma.

   The wind tore wet leaves from the birches and threw them onto the grass. At night the blizzard gets angry and knocks on the window. Should you choose a black or blue suit? We must decide now or forget about it forever.

2. Homogeneous members of a sentence with conjunctions A, BUT, THEN, HOWEVER,

   YES (= BUT) are always separated by a comma.

   He grumbled, but did not dare to disobey. I don’t agree with you, but I won’t object.

3. There are conjunctions consisting of several words: THAT - THAT, NOT THAT - NOT THAT, EITHER - EITHER, NEITHER - NOR (repeating) and NOT ONLY..., BUT AND...; AS..., SO AND...; NOT SO MUCH..., HOW MUCH... (compounds). In sentences with such conjunctions, commas are used between homogeneous members. Do not put a comma before the first part of the conjunction!

   Either a neighbor or a postman rang the doorbell. All this for me either I dreamed, either I remembered. In the yard there was no barking of dogs, no voices of people, no rustling of leaves. Today on the street not only cool, but also windy. I love both poetry and prose Pushkin.

   Note: in stable combinations there is no comma ( neither light nor dawn, neither alive nor dead, neither for ourselves nor for people and so on.)

4. Single conjunctions AND, OR, OR, YES can also be repeated. In this case, a comma is placed between homogeneous members. Don't put a comma before the first conjunction!

   The stormy stream made noise, foamed, and beat against the rocks. You either ask for forgiveness or leave our home forever. Everyone was screaming, waving their arms, and running along the shore at the same time.

   Homogeneous members can be connected in pairs. Here's how to put up signs:

   I enjoyed going to exhibitions and galleries, the Philharmonic and the Conservatory.

5. Single conjunctions can connect homogeneous members belonging to different series, in which case they are not repeating.

   The wind tore wet and odorous leaves from the birches and threw them onto the grass. I enjoyed going to exhibitions and galleries and visiting the Philharmonic.

Complex sentence

1. A comma is placed between parts of a complex sentence.

A lot has been written about the new film, and we decided to watch it. It froze, and by morning the trees were covered with frost. The hum died away in the distance, and for a long time not a sound was heard.

2. Conjunctions And can occur in one complex sentence, but play different roles: connect homogeneous members and simple sentences as part of a complex sentence.

[The sky and the distance are covered with darkness], and [the autumn wind brings sadness]. [Early morning is in full swing], and [breathing spring-like lightly and joyfully].

3. Comma between parts of a complex sentence not placed, if both simple sentences have a common minor member, a common introductory word, a common subordinate clause.

On the square People were noisy and music was playing. On the cold days of May The bird cherry tree finally blossomed and the starlings flew in. Obviously, the tasks were difficult and we were not ready. Seems, the temperature rises and the throat begins to hurt. When we woke up, it was already light and music was playing on the street.

Let's complete the task:

1) the first edition of the poem was published, and a son was born (complex sentence);

2) musical or poetic improvisations (homogeneous members of a sentence with a single conjunction OR);

Note: this sentence contains the conjunction HOW. But the task tests your ability to use signs in coordinating conjunctions (they are listed above). In all other cases, the signs in the sentences are correct, do not “improve” the sentences!

3) there was laughter and a creaking sound (complex sentence); but there are common minor members: for the first time in so many war years, out of the park;

4) both general views and life circumstances (double union AS..., SO AND)

5) the sources of rivers, and springs, and groves, and oak groves (the union And is repeated).

Theory for Task No. 15 Unified State Exam 2019 in Russian

The difficulty of this task is that the spelling of N/NN depends on the part of speech, and there are also a number of exceptions that need to be remembered.

Work algorithm:

• Read the assignment carefully. It is important to look for a word with the number of N indicated in the task. Please check again before entering your answer on the form.
• Determine the part of speech.
• If you are dealing with adjectives and participles, then the full or short form in front of you is important.
• According to the part of speech and the form of the word, remember the rules and exceptions.

It's important to know about adjectives and participles!

Adjective:
-answers questions (which one, which one...) and indicates the attribute of an object.
-can be formed from a noun and from an imperfective verb.
-has a short form, answers the question “what (a, o, s)?”

Participle:
-combines the characteristics of an adjective and a verb, answers 2 questions: which one? + participle questions.
-derived from a perfective verb
-has a short form, answers the question: “what was done (a, o, s)?”
-divided into active and passive.

Active participles(the action is performed by a noun) answer the question: what is he doing, what was he doing?

For example: reading person (the person reads himself)

Passive participles(action is performed on a noun) answer the questions: what is being done, what is being done.

For example: read book (someone read a book, i.e. an action is performed on the book.)

How to distinguish a verbal adjective from a participle:

Verbal adjectives- these are adjectives formed from the verb stem in a suffixal way, retaining only a genetic connection with the verbs. (can be replaced with an adjective synonym)
Examples: Tanning, copying (with the suffix -linen). Exclamatory, fortune-telling (with the suffix -teln-y). Experienced, lethargic, burnt (with the suffix -l-y, go back to Old Russian participles). Hanging, flammable, explosive, -uch- (-yuch-), go back to the Old Russian participles).

Participatory formations, (also classified as adjectives), i.e., participles that have lost aspectual and tense meanings, as well as verbal control (adjectival participles). Boiled, faceted, gifted, torn, fried.

Participles
1) retain their verbal character (can be replaced with a construction with a verb)
2) can be formed from perfective verbs
3) can have dependent words, unlike adjectives.

Н, НН in suffixes of adjectives and participles

1. In denominative adjectives (derived from nouns), which have no basis -n, and in non-derivative adjectives; Anniversary-anniversary Blue; green -en-, -yan-, -in-: Sand-sandy Leather-leather Excl: tin, glass, wood	1. In denominal adjectives with a stem on -n; Sleep - sleepy Length – long 2. In denominative adjectives with suffixes -enn- , -he N- Art-artificial, Lecture-lecture Morning-morning
3. In adjectives formed from imperfective verbs, without prefixes, except Not-) and dependent words Paint (chapter NV without prefix) - painted Frighten - frightened Called Their spelling does not change as part of complex words (smooth-colored, fresh-frozen, but smooth-colored, because there is a prefix o) Excl: desired, made, unseen, unheard of, accidental, unexpected, unexpected, sacred, cutesy, slow, long-awaited, wakeful, cursed	3. In participles formed from perfective verbs, with prefixes (except Not-) and/or with dependent words: Painted (but: unpainted), painted (with what?) with oil paint; Worn out (but: unworn), worn (by whom?) by brother suit Excl: named brother, imprisoned father, smart child, bride's dowry, forgiven Sunday, finished man In some prefixless participles formed from perfective verbs: Given, abandoned, bought, decided, deprived
4. In short participles: Seeded - seeded (a, o, s) Reflected - reflected(a,o,s)	4. In full participles (adjectives) with -ovanny, -yovanny: Pampered, cycled Excl: forged, chewed
5. In short adjectives, if in full there was one -n- Young girl - young girl Green trees - trees are green	In short adjectives, if there were full ones -nn- A valuable thing is a valuable thing Long road - long road
Remember. In nouns and adverbs formed from participles and verbal adjectives, the same amount of -n- is written as there was in the word from which they were formed: Share with friends or save for yourself: Loading... We recommend articles on the topic Goat man and snake woman compatibility Number 20 Unified State Exam Russian language Often homogeneous members are connected in pairs