Cattell's method of multifactorial personality research. R. Cattell's multifactorial personality technique Cattell's Personality Questionnaire
Scales: isolation - sociability, concrete thinking - abstract thinking, emotional instability - emotional stability, subordination - dominance, restraint - expressiveness, low normative behavior - high normative behavior, timidity - courage, realism - sensitivity, suspicion - gullibility, practicality - daydreaming, straightforwardness - insight, calmness - anxiety, conservatism - radicalism, dependence on the group - independence, low self-control - high self-control, relaxation - emotional tension
Purpose of the Cattell Personality Theory Test
Assessment of individual psychological characteristics of a person.Cattell's Personality Theory - 105 Questions
Instructions for the factor theory of personality test
You are asked a series of questions that will help determine some of the properties of your personality. There are no “right” or “wrong” answers here. People are different, and everyone can express their opinion.
When answering each question, you must choose one of the three proposed answers - the one that most closely matches your views, your opinion about yourself.
If anything is not clear to you, ask. When answering questions, always remember:
1. You don't need to spend a lot of time thinking about your answers. Give the answer that comes to your mind first. Of course, questions will often not be formulated in as much detail as you would like. In this case, try to imagine the “average”, most common situation that corresponds to the meaning of the question and, based on this, choose an answer. You need to answer as accurately as possible, but not too slowly.
2. Try not to resort to intermediate, vague answers (such as “I don’t know,” “something in between,” etc.) too often.
3. Be sure to answer all the questions in a row, without leaving anything out. Perhaps some questions may not seem very precisely formulated to you, but even then try to find the most accurate answer.
The answers can only be decrypted using a special "key".
4. Don't try to make a good impression with your answers, they must be true.
Cattell's test task:
1. I understood the instructions for this questionnaire well:
a. Yes;
b. not sure;
c. No.
2. I am ready to answer the questions as sincerely as possible:
a. Yes;
b. not sure;
c. No.
3. I would prefer to have a dacha:
a. in a busy holiday village;
b. would prefer something in between;
c. secluded, in the forest.
4. I can find enough strength within myself to cope with life’s difficulties:
a. Always;
b. usually;
c. rarely.
5. When I see wild animals, I feel uneasy, even if they are safely hidden in cages:
a. Yes, it is true;
b. not sure;
c. no, that's not true.
6. I refrain from criticizing people and their views:
a. Yes;
b. Sometimes;
c. No.
7. I make harsh, critical comments to people if I think they deserve it:
a. usually;
b. Sometimes;
c. I never do.
8. I prefer simple classical music to modern popular melodies:
a. Yes, it is true;
b. not sure;
c. no, that's not true.
9. If I saw two neighbor children fighting, I:
a. I would leave them to sort out their relationships themselves;
b. I don’t know what I would do;
c. I would try to sort out their quarrel.
10. At meetings and in companies:
a. I come forward easily;
b. something in between is true;
c. I prefer to stay away.
11. In my opinion, it is more interesting to be:
a. design engineer;
b. I don’t know what to prefer;
c. playwright.
12. On the street, I would rather stop to watch an artist work than watch a street quarrel:
a. Yes, it is true;
b. not sure;
c. no, that's not true.
13. I usually tolerate complacent people, even when they brag or otherwise show that they have a high opinion of themselves:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
14. If a person is deceiving, I can almost always notice it by the expression on his face:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
15. I believe that the most boring daily work should always be completed, even if it seems that this is not necessary:
a. agree;
b. not sure;
c. I don't agree.
16. I would rather get to work:
a. where you can earn a lot, even if earnings are inconsistent;
b. I don’t know what to choose;
c. with a constant but relatively low salary.
17. I talk about my feelings:
a. only if necessary;
b. something in between is true;
c. willingly when given the opportunity.
18. Occasionally I experience a feeling of sudden fear or vague anxiety, I don’t know why:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
19. When I am unfairly criticized for something that is not my fault:
a. I don’t feel any guilt;
b. something in between is true;
c. I still feel a little guilty.
20. At work, I have more difficulty with people who:
a. refuse to use modern methods;
b. I don’t know what to choose;
c. They are constantly trying to change something in work that is already going well.
21. When making decisions, I am guided more by:
a. heart;
b. heart and mind in equal measure;
c. reason.
22. People would be happier if they spent more time with their friends:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
23. When making plans for the future, I often count on luck:
a. Yes;
b. I find it difficult to answer;
c. No.
24. When talking, I am inclined to:
a. express your thoughts as soon as they come to mind;
b. something in between is true;
c. First, gather your thoughts well.
25. Even if I’m very angry about something, I calm down pretty quickly:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
26. With equal working hours and the same salary, it would be more interesting for me to work:
a. carpenter or cook;
b. I don’t know what to choose;
c. a waiter in a good restaurant.
27. I had:
a. very few elected positions;
b. some;
c. many elected positions.
28. “Shovel” is related to “dig” as “knife” is to:
a. spicy;
b. cut;
c. sharpen
29. Sometimes some thought doesn’t let me sleep:
a. Yes, it is true;
b. not sure;
c. no, that's not true.
30. In my life, as a rule, I achieve the goals that I set for myself:
a. Yes, it is true;
b. not sure;
c. no, that's not true.
31. The outdated law must be changed:
a. only after thorough discussion;
b. something in between is true;
c. immediately.
32. I feel uncomfortable when things require me to take quick actions that somehow affect other people:
a. Yes, it is true;
b. not sure;
c. no, that's not true.
33. Most of my friends consider me a cheerful interlocutor:
a. Yes;
b. not sure;
c. No.
34. When I see unkempt, sloppy people:
a. I don't care;
b. something in between is true;
c. they cause me hostility and disgust.
35. I feel a little lost when I suddenly find myself in the spotlight:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
36. I am always happy to join a large company, for example, meet friends in the evening, go dancing, take part in an interesting social event:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
37. At school I preferred:
a. music lessons (singing);
b. Hard to say;
c. workshops, manual labor.
38. If I am appointed responsible for something, I insist that my orders be strictly followed, otherwise I refuse the assignment:
a. Yes;
b. Sometimes;
c. No.
39. It is more important that parents:
a. contributed to the subtle development of feelings in their children;
b. something in between is true;
c. taught children to manage their feelings.
40. When participating in teamwork, I would prefer:
a. try to make improvements in the organization of work;
b. something in between is true;
c. keep records and ensure that rules are followed.
41. From time to time I feel the need to do something that requires significant physical effort:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
42. I would prefer to treat people polite and delicate than rude and straightforward:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
43. When I am criticized in public, it extremely depresses me:
a. Yes, it is true;
b. something in between is true;
c. this is not true.
44. If my boss calls me to his office, I:
a. I use this occasion to ask for what I need;
b. something in between is true;
c. I'm worried that I did something wrong.
45. I believe that people should think very seriously before abandoning the experience of previous years, past centuries:
a. Yes;
b. not sure;
c. No.
46. When reading something, I am always well aware of the author’s hidden intention to convince me of something:
a. Yes;
b. not sure;
c. No.
47. When I was in grades 7-10, I participated in the school’s sports life:
a. often;
b. from time to time;
c. very rarely.
48. I keep my house in good order and almost always know what is where:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
49. When I think about what happened during the day, I often feel anxious:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
50. Sometimes I doubt whether the people I talk to are really interested in what I say:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
51. If I had to choose, I would rather be:
a. forester;
b. hard to choose;
c. high school teacher.
52. For birthdays, for holidays:
a. I love making gifts;
b. I find it difficult to answer;
c. I think that buying gifts is a somewhat unpleasant task.
53. “Tired” is to “work” as “proud” is to:
a. smile;
b. success;
c. happy.
54. Which of these words does not fit the other two:
a. candle;
b. moon;
c. lamp.
55. My friends:
a. they didn’t let me down;
b. occasionally;
c. failed quite often.
56. I have the following qualities in which I am definitely superior to other people:
a. Yes;
b. not sure;
c. No.
57. When I'm upset, I try my best to hide my feelings from others:
a. Yes, it is true;
b. rather something in between;
c. this is not true.
58. I would like to go to the cinema, to various performances and other places where I can have fun:
a. more than once a week (more often than most people);
b. about once a week (like most);
c. less than once a week (less than most).
59. I think that personal freedom in behavior is more important than good manners and adherence to the rules of etiquette:
a. Yes;
b. not sure;
c. No.
60. In the presence of people more important than me (people older than me, or with more experience, or with a higher position), I tend to behave modestly:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
61. I find it difficult to tell something to a large group of people or speak in front of a large audience:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
62. I can navigate well in unfamiliar areas, I can easily tell where is north, where is south, east or west:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
63. If someone were angry with me:
a. I would try to calm him down;
b. I don’t know what I would do;
c. it would irritate me.
64. When I see an article that I consider unfair, I am more inclined to forget about it than to respond indignantly to the author:
a. Yes, it is true;
b. not sure;
c. no, that's not true.
65. Insignificant little things do not stay in my memory for long, for example, the names of streets and shops:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
66. I might like the profession of a veterinarian who treats and operates on animals:
a. Yes;
b. Hard to say;
c. No.
67. I eat with pleasure and am not always as careful about my manners as other people do:
a. Yes, it is true;
b. not sure;
c. no, that's not true.
68. There are times when I don’t want to meet anyone:
a. very rarely;
b. something in between is true;
c. often.
69. Sometimes they tell me that my voice and appearance reveal my excitement too clearly:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
70. When I was a teenager and my opinions differed from those of my parents, I usually:
a. remained unconvinced;
b. average between a and b;
c. yielded, recognizing their authority.
71. I would like to work in a separate room, rather than with colleagues:
a. Yes;
b. not sure;
c. No.
72. I would rather live quietly, as I please, than to be admired for my successes:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
73. In many respects, I consider myself a quite mature person:
a. Yes, it is true;
b. not sure;
c. no, that's not true.
74. Criticism, the way many people carry it out, unsettles me rather than helps me:
a. often;
b. occasionally;
c. never.
75. I am always able to strictly control the manifestation of my feelings:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
76. If I made a useful invention, I would prefer:
a. work on it further in the laboratory;
b. hard to choose;
c. take care of its practical use.
77. “Surprise” is to “unusual” as “fear” is to:
a. brave;
b. restless;
c. horrible.
78. Which of the following fractions does not fit the other two:
a. 3/7;
b. 3/9;
c. 3/11.
79. It seems to me that some people don’t notice or avoid me, although I don’t know why:
a. yes, that's right;
b. not sure;
c. no, that's not true.
80. People treat me less kindly than I deserve by my kind attitude towards them:
a. Often;
b. Sometimes;
c. never.
81. The use of obscene expressions is always disgusting to me (even if there are no persons of the other sex):
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
82. I certainly have fewer friends than most people:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
83. I really don’t like being in places where there is no one to talk to:
a. right;
b. not sure;
c. wrong.
84. People sometimes call me frivolous, although they consider me a pleasant person:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
85. In various situations in society, I experienced excitement similar to that experienced by a person before going on stage:
a. often;
b. occasionally;
c. hardly ever.
86. When I am in a small group of people, I am content to stay away and mostly let others do the talking:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
87. I prefer to read:
a. realistic descriptions of acute military or political conflicts;
b. I don’t know what to choose;
c. a novel that excites the imagination and feelings.
88. When they try to boss me around, I deliberately do the opposite:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
89. If my superiors or family members reproach me for something, then, as a rule, only for the cause:
a. right;
c. wrong.
90. I don’t like the way some people “stare” and unceremoniously look at a person in a store or on the street:
a. right;
b. something in between is true;
c. wrong.
91. During a long trip I would prefer:
a. read something difficult but interesting;
b. I don’t know what I would choose;
c. spend time talking with a fellow traveler.
92. There is nothing bad or contrary to good taste in jokes about death:
a. yes, I agree;
b. something in between is true;
c. no, I don't agree.
93. If my friends treat me badly and do not hide their hostility:
a. This doesn’t depress me at all;
b. something in between is true;
c. I'm losing heart.
94. I feel uneasy when people compliment me and praise me to my face:
a. Yes, it is true;
b. something in between is true;
c. no, that's not true.
95. I would rather have a job:
a. with a clearly defined and constant income;
b. something in between is true;
c. with a higher salary, which would depend on my efforts and productivity.
96. I find it easier to solve a difficult question or problem:
a. if I discuss them with others;
b. something in between is true;
c. if I think about them alone.
97. I willingly participate in public life, in the work of various commissions:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
98. When performing any work, I do not rest until even the most insignificant details are taken into account:
a. right;
b. average between a and b;
c. wrong.
99. Sometimes very minor obstacles irritate me very much:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
100. I sleep soundly, I never talk in my sleep:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
101. If I worked in the economic sector, I would be more interested in:
a. talk with customers, clients;
b. I choose something in between;
c. maintain accounts and other documentation.
102. “Size” is to “length” as “dishonest” is to:
a. jail;
b. sinful;
c. stole.
103. AB is to GW as SR is to:
a. BY;
b. OP;
c. THAT.
104. When people behave unreasonably and recklessly:
a. I take it calmly;
b. something in between is true;
c. I feel contempt for them.
105. When I listen to music and someone is talking loudly next to me:
a. it doesn’t bother me, I can concentrate;
b. something in between is true;
c. it ruins my fun and makes me angry.
106. I think it would be more correct to say about me that I:
a. polite and calm;
b. something in between is true;
c. energetic and assertive.
107. I believe that:
a. you need to live according to the principle “time for business, time for fun”;
b. something between a and b;
c. you need to live cheerfully, without particularly worrying about tomorrow.
108. It is better to be cautious and expect little than to rejoice in advance, anticipating success in the depths of your soul:
a. agree;
b. not sure;
c. I don't agree.
109. If I think about possible difficulties in my work:
a. I try to make a plan in advance to deal with them;
b. something in between is true;
c. I think I can handle them when they appear.
110. I easily get used to any society:
a. Yes;
b. not sure;
c. No.
111. When you need a little diplomacy and the ability to convince people of something, they usually turn to me:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
112. I would be more interested in:
a. advise young people and help them choose a job;
b. I find it difficult to answer;
c. work as an engineer-economist.
113. If I am absolutely sure that a person is acting unfairly or selfishly, I tell him about it, even if this threatens me with some trouble:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
114. Sometimes I make some stupid remark as a joke just to surprise people and see what they have to say:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
115. I would love to work for a newspaper as a columnist for theatrical productions, concerts, etc.:
a. Yes;
b. not sure;
c. No.
116. If I have to sit for a long time in a meeting without talking or moving, I never feel the need to draw anything or fidget in my chair:
a. agree;
b. not sure;
c. I don't agree.
117. If someone tells me something that I know is not true, I would rather think:
a. “he is a liar”;
b. something in between is true;
c. “Apparently he was misinformed.”
118. I have a feeling that some kind of punishment awaits me, even if I have not done anything wrong:
a. often;
b. Sometimes;
c. never.
119. The opinion that diseases are caused by mental causes to the same extent as physical (bodily) ones is greatly exaggerated:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
120. Solemnity and beauty must be preserved in any important state ceremony:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
121. It’s unpleasant for me if people think that I am too uncontrollable and neglect the rules of decency:
a. Very;
b. A little;
c. doesn't bother me at all.
122. When working on something, I would rather do this:
a. a team;
b. I don’t know what I would choose;
c. on one's own.
123. There are times when it is difficult to resist feeling sorry for yourself:
a. often;
b. Sometimes;
c. never.
124. People often make me angry too quickly:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
125. I can always get rid of old habits without much difficulty and never return to them:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
126. Given the same salary, I would prefer to be:
a. lawyer;
b. I find it difficult to choose;
c. navigator or pilot.
127. “Better” is to “worst” as “slower” is to:
a. fast;
b. best;
c. fastest.
128. Which of the following combinations of characters should continue with ХOOOOХХХХХХХ:
a. OHXX;
b. OOXX;
c. XOOO.
129. When the time comes to do something that I have planned and waited for in advance, I sometimes feel unable to do it:
a. agree;
b. something in between is true;
c. I don't agree.
130. I can usually concentrate and work without paying attention to the fact that people around me are very noisy:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
131. It happens that I tell strangers about things that seem important to me, regardless of whether they ask me about it or not:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
132. I spend a lot of free time talking with friends about the pleasant events that we once experienced together:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
133. I enjoy doing risky things just for fun:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
134. The sight of an uncleaned room really irritates me:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
135. I consider myself a very sociable (open) person:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
136. In communicating with people:
a. I don't try to hold back my feelings;
b. something in between is true;
c. I hide my feelings.
137. I love music:
a. light, lively, coldish;
b. something in between is true;
c. emotionally rich and sentimental.
138. I am more admired by the beauty of the verse than by the beauty and perfection of the weapon:
a. Yes;
b. not sure;
c. No.
139. If my successful remark went unnoticed:
a. I don't repeat it;
b. I find it difficult to answer;
c. I repeat my remark again.
140. I would like to work among juvenile offenders who have been released on bail:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
141. More important to me:
a. maintain good relationships with people;
b. something in between is true;
c. express your feelings freely.
142. On a tourist trip, I would prefer to follow a program compiled by experts rather than plan my route myself:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
143. They rightly think of me that I am a persistent and hardworking person, but I rarely achieve success:
a. Yes;
b. not sure;
c. No.
144. If people abuse my goodwill towards them, I am not offended and quickly forget about it:
a. agree;
b. not sure;
c. I don't agree.
145. If a heated argument broke out in the group:
a. I'd be curious who would emerge victorious;
b. something in between is true;
c. I would really like for everything to end peacefully.
146. I prefer to plan my affairs myself, without outside interference and other people’s advice:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
147. Sometimes feelings of envy influence my actions.
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
148. I am firmly convinced that the boss may not always be right, but he always has the right to insist on his own:
a. Yes;
b. not sure;
c. No.
149. I get nervous when I think about everything that awaits me:
a. Yes;
b. Sometimes;
c. No.
150. If I participate in some kind of game, and those around me loudly express their thoughts, this does not throw me off balance:
a. agree;
b. not sure;
c. I don't agree.
151. It seems to me interesting to be:
a. artist;
b. I don’t know what to choose;
c. director of a theater or film studio.
152. Which of the following words does not fit the other two:
a. any;
b. some;
c. most of.
153. “Flame” is to “heat” as “rose” is to:
a. thorns;
b. red petals;
c. smell.
154. I have such exciting dreams that I wake up:
a. often;
b. occasionally;
c. almost never.
155. Even if there is a lot against the success of any undertaking, I still think it’s worth taking the risk:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
156. I like situations in which I unwittingly find myself in the role of a leader, because I know better than anyone what the team should do:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
157. I would prefer to dress modestly, like everyone else, rather than flashy and original:
a. agree;
b. not sure;
c. I don't agree.
158. An evening spent doing something I love attracts me more than a lively party:
a. agree;
b. not sure;
c. I don't agree.
159. Sometimes I neglect the good advice of people, although I know that I should not do this:
a. occasionally;
b. hardly ever;
c. never.
160. When making decisions, I consider it obligatory for myself to take into account the basic forms of behavior - “what is good and what is bad”:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
161. I don't like it when people watch me work:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
162. It is not always possible to accomplish something using gradual, moderate methods; sometimes it is necessary to use force:
a. agree;
b. something in between is true;
c. I don't agree.
163. At school I preferred (prefer):
a. Russian language;
b. Hard to say;
c. mathematics.
164. Sometimes I was upset because people spoke ill of me behind my back without any reason:
a. Yes;
b. I find it difficult to answer;
c. No.
165. Conversations with ordinary people, bound by conventions and their own habits:
a. are often very interesting and informative;
b. something in between is true;
c. irritate me because the conversation revolves around trifles and lacks depth.
166. Some things make me so angry that I prefer not to talk about them at all:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
167. In education it is more important:
a. surround the child with love and care;
b. something in between is true;
c. develop the child’s desired skills and attitudes.
168. People consider me a calm, balanced person who remains calm under any circumstances:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
169. I think that our society, guided by expediency, must create new customs and throw aside old habits and traditions:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
170. I have had unpleasant experiences due to the fact that, while thinking, I became inattentive:
a. hardly ever;
b. something in between is true;
c. repeatedly.
171. I learn the material better:
a. reading a well-written book;
b. something in between is true;
c. participating in a group discussion.
172. I prefer to act in my own way instead of adhering to generally accepted rules:
a. agree;
b. not sure;
c. I don't agree.
173. Before expressing my opinion, I prefer to wait until I am completely sure that I am right:
a. Always;
b. usually;
c. only if this is practically possible.
174. Sometimes little things get on my nerves unbearably, although I understand that these are trifles:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
175. I don’t often say things on the spur of the moment that I later regret:
a. agree;
b. something in between is true;
c. I don't agree.
176. If I were asked to organize a collection of money for a gift for someone or to participate in organizing an anniversary celebration:
a. I would agree;
b. I don’t know what I would do;
c. I would say that, unfortunately, I am very busy.
177. Which of the following words does not fit the other two:
a. wide;
b. zigzag;
c. straight.
178. “Soon” is to “never” as “close” is to:
a. nowhere;
b. far;
c. away.
179. If I have made some mistake in society, I quickly forget about it:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
180. People around me know that I have many different ideas and I can almost always offer some kind of solution to a problem:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
181. Perhaps more typical for me:
a. nervousness when faced with unexpected difficulties;
b. I don’t know what to choose;
c. tolerance to the desires (demands) of other people.
182. I am considered a very enthusiastic person:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
183. I like work that is varied, involves frequent changes and travel, even if it is a little dangerous:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
184. I am a very punctual person and always insist that everything is done as accurately as possible:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
185. I enjoy work that requires special conscientiousness and precise workmanship:
a. Yes;
b. something in between is true;
c. No.
186. I am one of the energetic people who are always busy with something:
a. Yes;
b. not sure;
c. No.
187. I answered all the questions conscientiously and did not miss a single one:
a. Yes;
b. not sure;
c. No.
Processing and interpretation of test results
Key to Cattell's Factor Theory of Personality
Factor, Question numbers, answer typesA— (3 — a,b), (26-b,c), (27-b,c), (51-b,c), (52-a,b), (76-c,b), ( 101-a,b), (126-a,b), (151-c,b), (176-a,b);
B— (28-b), (53-b), (54-b), (77-c), (78-b), (102-c), (103-b), (127-c), ( 128-b), (152-a), (153-c), (177-a), (178-a);
C— (4 -a,b), (5-c,b), (29-c,b), (30-a,b), (55-a,b), (79-c,b), ( 80-c,b), (104-a,b), (105-a,b), (129-c,b), (130-a,b), (154-c,b), (179- a,b);
E— (6-c,b), (7-a,b), (31-c,b), (32-c,b), (56-a,b), (57-c,b), ( 81-c,b), (106-c,b), (131-a,b), (155-a,b), (156-a,b), (180-a,b), (181- a,b);
F— (8-b,c), (33-a,b), (58-a,b), (82-b,c), (83-a,b), (107-b,c), ( 108-b,c), (132-a,b), (133-a,b), (157-b,c), (158-b,c), (182-a,b), (183- a,b);
G— (9-b,c), (34-b,c), (59-b,c), (84-b,c), (109-a,b), (134-a,b), ( 159-b,c), (160-a,b), (184-a,b), (185-a,b);
H— (10-a,b), (35-b,c), (36-a,b), (60-b,c), (61-b,c), (85-b,c), ( 86-b,c), (110-a,b), (111-a,b), (135-a,b), (136-a,b), (161-b,c), (186- a,b);
I— (11-b,c), (12-a,b), (37-a,b), (62-b,c), (87-b,c), (112-a,b), ( 137-b,c), (138-a,b), (162-b,c), (163-a,b);
L— (13-b,c), (38-a,b), (63-b,c), (64-b,c), (88-a,b), (89-b,c), ( 113-a,b), (114-a,b), (139-b,c), (164-a,b);
M— (14-b,c), (15-b,c), (39-a,b), (40-a,b), (65-a,b), (90-b,c), ( 91-a,b), (115-a,b), (116-a,b), (140-a,b), (141-b,c), (165-b,c), (166- b,c);
N— (16-b,c), (17-a,b), (41-b,c), (42-a,b), (66-b,c), (67-b,c), ( 92-b,c), (117-a,b), (142-b,c), (167-a,b);
O— (18-a,b), (19-b,c), (43-a,b), (44-b,c), (68-b,c), (69-a,b), ( 93-b,c), (94-a,b), (118-a,b), (119-a,b), (143-a,b), (144-b,c), (168- b,c);
Q1— (20-a,b), (21-a,b), (45-b,c), (46-a,b), (70-a,b), (95-b,c), ( 120-b,c), (145-a,b), (169-a,b), (170-b,c);
Q2— (22-b,c), (47-a,b), (71-a,b), (72-a,b), (96-b,c), (97-b,c), ( 121-b,c), (122-b,c), (146-a,b), (171-a,b);
Q3— (23-b,c), (24-b,c), (48-a,b), (73-a,b), (98-a,b), (123-b,c), ( 147-b,c), (148-a,b), (172-b,c), (173-a,b);
Q4— (25-b,c), (49-a,b), (50-a,b), (74-a,b), (75-b,c), (99-a,b), ( 100-b,c), (124-a,b), (125-b,c), (149-a,b), (150-b,c), (174-a,b), (175- b,c).
In factor B a match with the key is worth 1 point. In the remaining factors, a match with “b” is equal to 1 point, and a match with the letters “a” and “c” in the key is equal to 2 points.
Formulas for calculating secondary factors of the Cattell test
F1 = [(38 + 2L + 3O + 4Q4) - (2C +2 H + 2Q3)] / 10;
F2 = [(2A + 3E + 4F +5H) - (2Q2 +11)] / 10;
F3 = [(77 + 2C + 2E + 2F + 2N) - (4A + 6I +2M)] / 10;
F4 = [(4E + 3M +4Q1 + 4Q2) - (3A + 2C)] / 10;
Description of the primary factors of the Cattell test
1. Factor A: “isolation - sociability”
A- / 0-6 points A+ / 7-12 points
Secretiveness, isolation, alienation, distrust, unsociability, isolation, criticality, a tendency towards objectivity, rigidity, and excessive severity in assessing people. Difficulties in establishing interpersonal, direct contacts Sociability, openness, naturalness, ease, willingness to cooperate, adaptability, attention to people, willingness to work together, activity in eliminating conflicts in the group, willingness to follow the lead. Ease of establishing direct, interpersonal contacts
The A- pole in the technical name is called sizothymia (from the Latin word sizo, which means dull, dull). Pole A+ is called affectothymia, and it characterizes the intense expression of affects (feelings). An emotionally “sluggish”, “dry” person tends to be cautious when expressing feelings; she is little expressive. The most striking feature of affectotymia is good nature, cheerfulness, interest in people, and emotional sensitivity.
In general, factor A is focused on measuring a person’s sociability in small groups and the ability to establish direct, interpersonal contacts.
In the questionnaire answers, a person with A+ prefers working with people, social approval, and likes to keep up with the times. A personality with the A pole loves ideas and prefers to work alone. There is evidence that A+ individuals are sociable, can be leaders in small groups, and often choose to work with people; individuals with the A- pole can be artists, scientists and researchers and prefer to work independently, isolated from the group.
Wall 1-3 – prone to rigidity, coldness, skepticism and aloofness. He is attracted to things more than people. Prefers to work on his own, avoiding compromises. Inclined to precision, rigidity in activities, personal attitudes. In many professions this is desirable. Sometimes he tends to be critical, unbending, firm, tough.
4th wall – reserved, isolated, critical, cold (schizothymia).
7 walls – outward-facing, easy to communicate, involved affectively (cyclothymia).
8-10 walls – a tendency towards good nature, ease of communication, emotional expression; ready to cooperate, attentive to people, soft-hearted, kind, adaptable. Prefers those activities where there are activities with people, situations with social significance. This person easily joins active groups. He is generous in personal relationships and is not afraid of criticism. Remembers events, surnames, first names and patronymics well.
2. Factor B: intelligence
B- / 0-3 points B+ / 4-8 points
Concreteness and some rigidity of thinking, difficulties in solving abstract problems, reduced efficiency of thinking, insufficient level of general verbal culture. Developed abstract thinking, efficiency, quick wits, quick learner. A fairly high level of general culture, especially verbal.
Factor B does not determine the level of intelligence; it is focused on measuring the efficiency of thinking and the general level of verbal culture and erudition. It should be noted that low scores on this factor may depend on other personality characteristics: anxiety, frustration, low educational qualifications. And most importantly, factor B is perhaps the only factor of the technique that is not strictly validated. Therefore, the results for this factor are indicative.
Walls 1-3 – tend to understand the material more slowly when studying. “Dumb”, prefers a specific, literal interpretation. His “dumbness” either reflects low intelligence or is a consequence of decreased function as a result of psychopathology.
4th wall – less intellectually developed, thinks specifically (less ability to learn).
7 walls - more intellectually developed, abstractly thinking, reasonable (high learning ability).
8-10 walls – quickly perceives and assimilates new educational material. There is some correlation with cultural level as well as reactivity. High scores indicate the absence of a decrease in intellectual function in pathological conditions.
3. Factor C: “emotional instability - emotional stability”
C- / 0-6 points C+ / 7-12 points
Emotional instability, impulsiveness; a person is under the influence of feelings, changeable in moods, easily upset, unstable in interests. Low tolerance to frustration, irritability, fatigue. Emotional stability, endurance; a person is emotionally mature, calm, stable in interests, efficient, can be rigid, reality-oriented.
This factor characterizes dynamic generalization and maturity of emotions, as opposed to unregulated emotionality. Psychoanalysts have tried to describe this factor as ego-strength and ego-weakness. According to Cattell’s method, a person with the C- pole is easily irritated by certain events or people, is not satisfied with life situations, with his own health, in addition, he is a weak-willed person. However, this interpretation is quite orthodox, since it does not take into account the plasticity of the emotional sphere. People with a high score on the C+ factor are more likely to be leaders than those whose scores on this factor are closer to the C- pole. On the other hand, the range of indicators for factor C among management personnel is wide; Some of them have low values for this factor (perhaps this is due to the reaction of fatigue and preoccupation with stress).
It has been established that people with high and average scores on factor C are also characterized by higher moral qualities.
In general, the factor is of genetic origin and is aimed at measuring emotional stability; it largely correlates with the concepts of a weak and strong nervous system (according to I.P. Pavlov).
Professions that require overcoming stressful situations (managers, pilots, rescuers, etc.) should be mastered by individuals with high scores on factor C. At the same time, in professions that do not require quick decision-making, emotional stability and where it is possible to resolve the issue yourself (artists, postmen, etc.), you can have low scores on this factor.
Wall 1-3 – there is a low threshold for frustration, changeable and flexible, avoiding the demands of reality, neurotically tired, irritable, emotionally excitable, having neurotic symptoms (phobias, sleep disorders, psychosomatic disorders). A low threshold is characteristic of all forms of neurotic and some mental disorders.
Wall 4 – sensitive, less emotionally stable, easily upset.
7 walls – emotionally stable, soberly assessing reality, active, mature.
8-10 walls – emotionally mature, stable, unflappable. High ability to comply with public moral standards. Sometimes humble resignation in the face of unresolved emotional problems. A good level “C” allows you to adapt even with mental disorders.
4. Factor E: “subordination-dominance”
E- / 0-5 points E+ / 6-12 points
Gentleness, pliability, tact, meekness, courtesy, dependence, resignation, helpfulness, deference, shyness, willingness to take the blame, modesty, expressiveness, tendency to easily lose balance. Independence, independence, perseverance, stubbornness, assertiveness, willfulness, sometimes conflict, aggressiveness, refusal to recognize external authority, a tendency towards authoritarian behavior, thirst for admiration, rebel.
Factor E does not correlate very significantly with leadership achievements, but is associated with social status and is higher among leaders than among followers. There is an assumption that estimates for this factor change with age and depend on the gender of the subject. In their behavior, people with high scores (on this factor) experience a need for autonomy.
1-3 wall – inferior to others, submissive. Often dependent, admits his guilt. Strives for obsessive adherence to correctness and rules. This passivity is part of many neurotic syndromes.
4th wall – modest, submissive, soft, compliant, pliable, conforming, adaptable.
7 walls – self-affirming, independent, aggressive, stubborn (dominant).
8-10 walls - asserting oneself, one’s “I”, self-confident, independent thinker. Tends to asceticism, is guided by his own rules of behavior, hostile and extrapunitive (authoritarian), commands others, does not recognize authorities.
5. Factor F: “restraint – expressiveness”
F- / 0-5 points F+ / 6-12 points
Prudence, caution, prudence in choosing a communication partner. Tendency to concern, worry about the future, pessimism in the perception of reality, restraint in the expression of emotions. Cheerfulness, impulsiveness, enthusiasm, carelessness, recklessness in choosing communication partners, emotional significance of social contacts, expressiveness, expansiveness, emotional brightness in relationships between people, dynamic communication, which involves emotional leadership in groups
This factor is a component of second-order factors of various personality traits. An interesting fact is that over the years, the manifestation of impulsiveness and carelessness gradually decreases, which can be considered as evidence of a certain emotional maturity.
In general, factor F is focused on measuring emotional intensity and dynamism in communication processes. Example: actors, effective leaders have higher ratings, artists, followers - lower ones.
Walls 1-3 – leisurely, reserved. Sometimes gloomy, pessimistic, cautious. He is considered a very accurate, sober, reliable person.
4th wall – sober, cautious, serious, silent;
7 walls – carefree, impulsively lively, cheerful, full of enthusiasm.
8-10 walls – cheerful, active, talkative, carefree, maybe impulsive.
6. Factor G: “low normative behavior – high normative behavior”
G- / 0-6 points G+ / 7-12 points
Tendency to inconstancy, susceptibility to the influence of feelings, chance and circumstances. Indulges his desires, makes no effort to fulfill group requirements and norms. Disorganization, irresponsibility, impulsiveness, lack of agreement with generally accepted moral rules and standards, flexibility in relation to social norms, freedom from their influence, sometimes unprincipledness and a tendency to antisocial behavior. Conscientiousness, responsibility, stability, balance, perseverance, a tendency to moralize, rationality, conscientiousness. A developed sense of duty and responsibility, conscious adherence to generally accepted moral rules and norms, persistence in achieving goals, business orientation.
This factor resembles factor C, especially with regard to the role of self-regulation of behavior and attitudes towards other people. This factor characterizes the characteristics of the emotional-volitional sphere (perseverance, organization - irresponsibility, disorganization) and the characteristics of the regulation of social behavior (acceptance or ignorance of generally accepted moral rules and norms). Psychoanalysts interpret this factor as a high superego and a low superego. The researcher should be especially careful in analyzing low scores for this factor (G-) since there is no direct relationship between low scores and pronounced antisocial behavior (for example, with criminals). On the contrary, it is known that many people who do not perceive “middle class morality”, “intellectuals”, “emancipated individuals”, people who express humanistic ideals and are flexible about social and cultural traditions, may have low scores on this factor.
High scores can often characterize not only strong-willed personality traits, but also a tendency toward cooperation and conformity.
1-3 walls – a tendency towards inconstancy of goals, relaxed in behavior, does not make efforts to complete group tasks, fulfill socio-cultural requirements. His freedom from group influence may lead to antisocial behavior, but at times it makes him more effective. Refusal to obey rules reduces somatic disorders under stress.
4th wall – taking advantage of the moment, looking for advantage in the situation. Avoids rules, feels unimportant.
7 walls - conscious, persistent, you can rely on him, sedate, obligatory.
8-10 walls - demanding of oneself, guided by a sense of duty, persistent, takes responsibility, conscientious, prone to moralizing, prefers hard-working people, witty.
7. Factor H: “timidity - courage”
H- / 0-5 points H+ / 6-12 points
Timidity, shyness, emotional restraint, caution, social passivity, delicacy, attentiveness to others, increased sensitivity to threat, preference for an individual style of activity and communication in a small group (2-3 people). Courage, enterprise, activity; a person has emotional interests, a willingness to take risks and cooperate with strangers in unfamiliar circumstances, the ability to make independent, extraordinary decisions, a penchant for adventurism and the manifestation of leadership qualities.
Factor H is a clearly defined factor that characterizes the degree of activity in social contacts. It should be taken into account that this factor is of genetic origin and reflects the activity of the body and temperamental characteristics. People with high ratings of this factor are prone to risk professions (test pilots), persistent, sociable, and able to withstand emotional stress, which often makes them leaders.
Low scores for this factor characterize people who are shy, timid, not sociable, and have difficulty making independent decisions.
Walls 1-3 – shy, evasive, keeps aloof, “disgusted.” Usually feels a sense of inadequacy. Speech is slow, difficult, and difficult to express. Avoids professions associated with personal contacts. He prefers to have 1-2 close friends and is not inclined to delve into everything that happens around him.
4th wall – shy, reserved, insecure, fearful, timid.
7 walls – adventurous, socially daring, uninhibited, spontaneous.
8-10 walls – sociable, brave, tries new things; spontaneous and lively in the emotional sphere. His “thick skin” allows him to endure complaints and tears, difficulties in communicating with people in emotionally intense situations. May be careless about details and may not respond to danger signals.
8. Factor I: “hardness - sensitivity”
I- / 0-5 points for men, 0-6 points for women I+ / 6-12 points for men, 7-12 points for women
Unsentimentality, self-confidence, severity, rationality, flexibility in judgment, practicality, sometimes some rigidity and callousness towards others, rationality, logic. Sensitivity, impressionability, richness of emotional experiences, a penchant for romanticism, an artistic perception of the world, developed aesthetic interests, artistry, femininity, a tendency towards empathy, sympathy, empathy and understanding of other people, refined emotionality.
According to a number of studies, people with high scores on this factor are usually romantic and love travel and new experiences. They have a developed imagination and aesthetics are important to them.
This factor reflects differences in the cultural level and aesthetic sensitivity of the individual. An interesting fact is that people with low scores on this factor get sick less, are more aggressive, play sports more often, and are athletic.
The characteristics of this factor are closer to the second-order factor “low emotionality – high emotionality”; this factor is dominant there.
A person with high scores on this factor is characterized as physically and mentally sophisticated, prone to reflection, thinking about his mistakes and ways to avoid them.
Let us note that scores for this factor are higher for women than for men, and they depend on environmental conditions and cultural level. Cattell defines this personality trait as “programmed emotional sensitivity,” thereby emphasizing the prerogative of the genetic origin of this personality trait. It should be noted that men with high grades most often belong to the artistic personality type. By occupation, high scores on this factor unite artists, performers, musicians, writers, diagnosticians and psychiatrists, and lawyers. Persons with I- are more prone to neurotic discrepancies (when studied using the Eysenck test, these people have high scores on such a characteristic as neuroticism). In general, this factor determines the degree of emotional sophistication of the individual.
1-3 wall - practical, realistic, courageous, independent, has a sense of responsibility, but is skeptical about the subjective and cultural aspects of life. Sometimes ruthless, cruel, smug. Leading the group, makes it work on a practical and realistic basis.
4th wall – strong, independent, self-reliant, realistic, does not tolerate meaninglessness.
7 walls – weak, dependent, not sufficiently independent, helpless, sensitive.
8-10 walls – weak, dreamy, picky, capricious, feminine, sometimes demanding of attention, help, dependent, impractical. Does not like rude people and rude professions. Tends to slow down the group's activities and disrupt its morale by unrealistically delving into small things and details.
9. Factor L: “gullibility – suspicion”
L- / 0-5 points L+ / 6-12 points
Openness, agreeableness, tolerance, complaisance; freedom from envy, compliance. There may be a feeling of insignificance. Caution, self-centeredness, wariness towards people; tendency to jealousy, desire to blame others for mistakes, irritability. Sometimes autonomy, independence and independence in social behavior.
Cattell named this factor alaxia (L-) – protensia (L+). The term protensia means "protection" and "internal tension"; high scores on this factor may correlate with neurotic characteristics. At the same time, high scores on this factor are often found among people of independent behavior, among those whose occupation is associated with the creation of something, for example, in the field of religion and science. A number of character traits that are classified as dominance (Factor E) should in fact be associated with this factor. The L- pole characterizes a person who is good-natured, open, and perhaps without ambition or desire to win.
In general, factor L reflects an emotional attitude towards people. Very high scores on this factor indicate excessive protection and emotional tension, frustrated personality. The low pole (L-) characterizes a good-natured personality, but prone to conformism.
1st-3rd wall – tends to be free from the tendency of jealousy, adaptable, cheerful, does not strive for competition, cares about others. Works well in a group.
4th wall – trusting, adaptable, non-jealous, accommodating.
7 walls - suspicious, has his own opinion, does not give in to deception.
8-10 walls - distrustful, doubtful, often immersed in one’s own “I”, stubborn, interested in inner mental life. Careful in his actions, cares little about other people, does not work well in a group. This factor does not necessarily indicate paranoia.
10. Factor M: “practicality - dreaminess”
M- / 0-5 points M+ / 6-12 points
High speed of solving practical problems, matter-of-factness, orientation towards external reality, developed concrete imagination, practicality, realism. Rich imagination, preoccupation with one’s ideas, internal illusions (“one’s head in the clouds”), ease of abandoning practical judgments, the ability to operate with abstract concepts, focus on one’s inner world; daydreaming.
The picture of this factor is quite complex. In general, individuals with M+ have a vibrant inner intellectual life, with intense experience of ideas and feelings. They can be “bohemian” and non-conformist in behavior. Artists, poets, researchers, experimenters, high-ranking managers, editors, etc. have high scores for this factor. Low scores are given to people engaged in mechanical calculations, where attention and concentration are required. It has also been noted that people with low scores on this factor are less likely to get into car accidents. They are characterized by balance and sanity. However, in unexpected situations they often lack imagination and resourcefulness.
In general, the factor is focused on measuring the characteristics of the imagination, reflected in the real behavior of the individual, such as practicality, down-to-earthness or, conversely, some “having their head in the clouds”, a romantic attitude towards life.
Wall 1-3 – Worries about doing the right thing, is practical, driven by the possible, cares about details, maintains presence of mind in extreme situations, but sometimes retains imagination.
4th wall – practical, thorough, conventional. We control external real circumstances.
7 walls - a person with a developed imagination, immersed in internal needs, cares about practical issues. Bohemian.
8-10 walls - prone to unpleasant behavior for others (not everyday), unconventional, does not worry about everyday things, self-motivated, has a creative imagination. Pays attention to the “essential” and forgets about specific people and realities. Inwardly directed interests sometimes lead to unrealistic situations accompanied by expressive outbursts. Individuality leads to his rejection in group activities.
11. Factor N: “straightforwardness - diplomacy”
N- / 0-5 points N+ / 6-12 points
Frankness, simplicity, naivety, straightforwardness, tactlessness, naturalness, spontaneity, emotionality, indiscipline, inability to analyze a partner’s motives, lack of insight, simplicity of tastes, contentment with what is available. Sophistication, the ability to behave in society, diplomacy in communication, emotional restraint, insight, caution, cunning, aesthetic sophistication, sometimes unreliability, the ability to find a way out of difficult situations, prudence.
The factor is focused on measuring the individual’s relationship with people and the surrounding reality. So far this factor has not been sufficiently studied. However, we can say that the factor characterizes some form of tactical skill of the individual (the factor is positively correlated with mental abilities and dominance and with a certain self-doubt of the individual). High scores on this factor characterize diplomats as opposed to a “natural and straightforward” person with naive emotional sincerity, directness and ease. Cattell described people who score high on the N factor this way: “They can be either Socrates or a smart boy, while people who score low on the N factor are expressive, warm, and kind.”
There is evidence that people with low scores on this factor are more trustworthy and liked, especially among children. People with high grades can be described as intelligent, independent, and complex in nature. Subcultural studies have revealed a connection between high scores on this factor and the ability to survive and a certain sophistication. According to dynamic characteristics, people with high scores are leaders in analytical, focused discussion and in the formation of functional group decisions (theater directors, film directors, and diplomats usually have high scores on this factor).
People with a low score on the N factor are slow, conservative, and interfere with the group’s decision-making.
Cattell figuratively called the positive pole the Machiavelli pole, and the negative pole the Rousseau pole.
1-3 wall – prone to lack of sophistication, sentimentality and simplicity. Sometimes rude and harsh, usually natural and spontaneous.
4th wall – straight, natural, simple-minded, sentimental.
7 walls - cunning, unscrupulous, secular, insightful (refined).
8-10 walls – sophisticated, experienced, secular, cunning. Prone to analysis. An intellectual approach to assessing a situation, close to cynicism.
12. Factor O: “calmness - anxiety”
O- / 0-6 points O+ / 7-12 points
Carelessness, arrogance, cheerfulness, self-confidence and self-confidence, serenity, fearlessness, composure, calmness, lack of remorse and guilt. Anxiety, preoccupation, vulnerability, hypochondriacality, moodiness, fear, self-doubt, apprehension, self-blame, depression, sensitivity to the approval of others, guilt and dissatisfaction with oneself.
Previously, when interpreting this factor, terms such as “depressive tendency”, “bad mood”, “self-deprecation” and even “neurotic state” were used. Low grades are typical for people who “manage their failures.” A person with high scores on this factor feels unstable, tense in difficult life situations, easily loses his presence of mind, and is full of regrets and compassion; it is characterized by a combination of symptoms of hypochondria and neurasthenia with a predominance of fears. This factor is broader than guilt in the generally accepted sense. The sustainability component is also important in this factor; High scorers are often shy and have difficulty making contact with others.
Low scores on this factor characterize those people who can cope with their failures, in contrast to those who experience failures as an internal conflict. There is evidence that antisocial individuals do not suffer from feelings of guilt.
By occupation, religious persons, artists, performers, and writers are highly rated on this factor. High grades largely determine successful leadership in difficult situations and the individual’s desire for self-actualization. At the same time, these assessments are characteristic of neurotics, alcoholics and people with certain types of psychopathy. Cattell believes that this factor can, within certain limits, be called the Hamlet factor and it can have a socio-moral significance that admirers of Dostoevsky intuitively feel. It should be taken into account that high scores on this factor may have a situational origin.
1-3 walls - serene, with a calm mood, it is difficult to anger him, imperturbable. Confident in yourself and your abilities. Flexible, does not feel threatened, sometimes to the point of being insensitive to the fact that the group is taking a different path and that it may cause hostility.
4th wall – serene, trusting, calm.
7 walls – anxious, depressive, worried (tendency of autopunitiveness), feeling of guilt.
8-10 walls - depressed, bad mood prevails, gloomy forebodings and thoughts, anxiety. Tendency to become anxious in difficult situations. Feeling that he is not accepted by the group. High scores are common in clinical groups of all types.
13. Factor Q1: “conservatism – radicalism”
Q1- / 0-6 points Q1+ / 7-12 points
Conservatism, stability in relation to traditions, doubt in relation to new ideas and principles, a tendency towards moralization and moralizing, resistance to change, narrowness of intellectual interests, focus on specific real activities. Free-thinking, experimentation, the presence of intellectual interests, developed analytical thinking, receptivity to change, to new ideas, distrust of authorities, refusal to take anything for granted, focus on analytical and theoretical activity.
Research has provided evidence that individuals with high scores on this factor are better informed, less prone to moralizing, and express greater interest in science than in dogma. Moreover, they are ready to break habits and established traditions; they are characterized by independence of judgment, views and behavior.
The factor determines radical, intellectual, political and religious attitudes.
High scores for this factor are observed among managers, administrators, scientists, university teachers, and especially among researchers and theorists. Low – among unskilled specialists and service personnel (nannies, nurses, etc.).
There is an assumption that this factor is of genetic origin and in everyday consciousness correlates with such human characteristics as “smart” (Q1+) and “stupid” (Q1-). It is noteworthy that business leaders score high on this factor.
In the behavioral picture, a person with low scores on this factor is characterized as a “conservative”, and with high scores – as a “radical”.
1-3 wall - convinced of the correctness of what he was taught, and accepts everything as proven, despite the contradictions. Tends to be cautious and compromise when dealing with new people. Tends to resist and resist change and postpone it, sticks to tradition.
4th wall – conservative, respecting principles, tolerant of traditional difficulties.
7 walls – experimental, critical, liberal, analytical, free-thinking.
8-10 walls - absorbed in intellectual problems, has doubts on various fundamental issues. He is skeptical and tries to understand the essence of ideas old and new. He is often better informed, less inclined to moralize, more inclined to experiment in life, tolerant of inconsistencies and changes.
14. Factor Q2: “conformism – nonconformism”
Q2- / 0-5 points Q2+ / 6-12 points
Dependence on the opinions and demands of the group, sociability, following public opinion, desire to work and make decisions together with other people, low independence, focus on social approval. Independence, focus on one's own decisions, self-reliance, resourcefulness, desire to have one's own opinion. With extremely high scores, there is a tendency to oppose oneself to the group and a desire to dominate it.
Low scores on this factor are given to sociable individuals, for whom the approval of society means a lot; these are secular people. High marks are given to people who are often disconnected from the group and who are individualists by occupation - writers, scientists and criminals!
This factor is central to the second-order factor “dependence - independence”.
It should be especially taken into account that indicators for this factor can characterize a certain sociability of an individual and have a constant connection with the criteria of real life.
Essentially, Cattell believes that this factor is “thinking introversion” and both family and social traditions play a significant role in the formation of such a model of behavior. Such people are characterized by a fairly high degree of awareness in choosing a line of behavior.
1-3 wall – prefers to work and make decisions together with other people, loves communication and admiration, depends on them. I tend to go with a group. Not necessarily sociable, rather he needs support from the group.
4th wall – dependent on the group, “joining”, follower, responding to the call (group dependence).
7 walls – self-satisfied, offering his own solution, enterprising.
8-10 walls - independent, inclined to go his own way, make his own decisions, act independently. He does not take into account public opinion, but does not necessarily play a dominant role in relation to others (see factor E). It cannot be assumed that he does not like people, he simply does not need their consent and support.
15. Factor Q3: “low self-control – high self-control”
Q3- / 0-5 points Q3+ / 6-12 points
Low discipline, self-indulgence, dependence on moods, inability to control one’s emotions and behavior. Focus, strong will, ability to control your emotions and behavior.
Low scores on this factor indicate weak will and poor self-control. The activities of such people are disordered and impulsive. A person with high scores on this factor has socially approved characteristics: self-control, perseverance, conscientiousness, and a tendency to observe etiquette. In order to meet such standards, an individual is required to make certain efforts, have clear principles, beliefs and take into account public opinion.
This factor measures the level of internal control of behavior and personality integration.
People with high scores on this factor are prone to organizational activities and achieve success in professions that require objectivity, determination, and balance. The factor characterizes a person’s awareness in regulating the strength of the “I” (factor C) and the strength of the “super-ego” (factor G) and determines the severity of the volitional characteristics of the individual. This factor is one of the most important for predicting the success of activities. It is positively related to the frequency of being chosen as a leader and the degree of activity in solving group problems.
1-3 walls - not guided by volitional control, does not pay attention to social requirements, is inattentive to others. May feel inadequately adjusted.
4th wall – internally undisciplined, conflictual (low integration).
7 walls – controlled, socially accurate, following the “I” image (high integration).
8-10 walls – tends to have strong control over their emotions and general behavior. Socially attentive and thorough; exhibits what is commonly called "self-respect" and concern for social reputation. Sometimes, however, he is prone to stubbornness.
16. Factor Q4: “relaxation - tension”.
Q4- / 0-7 points Q4+ / 8-12 points
Relaxation, lethargy, apathy, calmness, low motivation, excessive satisfaction, equanimity. Composure, energy, tension, frustration, increased motivation, anxiety, nervousness, irritability.
A high score (9-12 points) is interpreted as energetic excitement, which requires a certain release; sometimes this condition can turn into a psychosomatic disorder: emotional stability decreases, balance is disturbed, and aggressiveness may appear. Such people rarely become leaders.
Research has shown that a low score (0-5 points) is typical for people with a low level of achievement motivation who are content with what they have. Persons with values of this factor from 5 to 8 points are characterized by optimal emotional tone and stress resistance.
Wall 1-3 – prone to relaxation, balance, contentment. In some situations, his oversatisfaction can lead to laziness and the achievement of low results. On the contrary, high levels of stress can impair the effectiveness of school or work.
4th wall – relaxed (unstressed), unfrustrated.
7 walls – tense, frustrated, driven, overreactive (high energy tension).
8-10 walls – prone to tension and excitability.
17. Factor MD: “adequate self-esteem – inadequate self-esteem.”
MD- / 0-4 points MD+ /10-14 points
Dissatisfaction with oneself, lack of self-confidence, excessive criticism of oneself. Overestimation of one's capabilities, self-confidence and self-satisfaction.
The MD factor is additional to the main 16 and is highlighted in Cattell’s personality method for forms C and D. The average values of this factor (from 5 to 9 points) characterize the adequacy of a person’s self-esteem and its certain maturity. For the researcher, data on this factor are of great importance, since they help assess the maturity of the individual, and can also be used when working individually with the subject.
Description of secondary factors of the Cattell test:
F1. Anxiety.
Low scores - in general, this person is satisfied with what he has and can achieve what he thinks is important. However, very low scores may indicate a lack of motivation in difficult situations.
High scores indicate a high level of anxiety in its usual sense. Anxiety is not necessarily neurotic, since it can be situationally determined. However, in some way it has maladjustment, because the person is dissatisfied to a degree that does not allow him to fulfill the requirements and achieve what he wants. Very high anxiety usually impairs productivity and leads to physical disorders.
F2. Extroversion - introversion.
Low scores – a tendency to dryness, self-satisfaction, frozen interpersonal contacts. This can be beneficial in work that requires precision.
High scores – socially contactable, uninhibited, successfully establishing and maintaining interpersonal connections. This can be very beneficial in situations that require this type of temperament. This trait should always be considered a favorable prognosis in activities, for example, in studies.
F3. Sensitivity.
Low scores indicate a tendency to have difficulty dealing with emotionality in everything. These people may be the dissatisfied and frustrated type. However, there is a sensitivity to the nuances of life. Probably there are artistic inclinations and softness. If such a person has a problem, then resolving it requires a lot of thought before taking action.
High scores indicate an enterprising, determined and flexible personality. This person tends not to notice the nuances of life, directing his behavior towards what is too obvious and obvious. If difficulties arise, they cause quick action without sufficient thought.
F4. Conformity.
Low scores – a group-dependent, passive person who needs the support of other people and orients his behavior towards the people who provide such support.
High scores - aggressive, independent, courageous, sharp personality. Tries to choose situations where such behavior is at least tolerated. Shows significant initiative.
Interpretation of Cattell test results:
Social and psychological characteristics: extraversion - introversion.
A-, F-, H-
Restraint in interpersonal contacts, difficulties in direct and social communication, a tendency to individual work, isolation, focus on one’s inner world. Introversion.
A-, F+, H-
Restraint in establishing both interpersonal and social contacts. In behavior - expressiveness, impulsiveness; in character, shyness and external activity are manifested, a tendency towards individual activity. A tendency towards introversion.
Openness in interpersonal contacts, the ability to communicate directly, restraint and prudence in establishing social contacts, caution and shyness.
Openness in interpersonal contacts, activity, sociability, readiness to join new groups, restraint and prudence in choosing communication partners. Tendency towards extraversion.
Restraint in direct interpersonal contacts, activity, expressiveness in social communication, readiness to join new groups, a tendency to lead. Tendency towards extraversion.
Restraint and prudence in establishing interpersonal contacts, activity in the social sphere, business leadership can be manifested.
Openness, expressiveness, impulsiveness in interpersonal communication. Difficulty in establishing social contacts, shyness in new, unfamiliar circumstances, difficulty making social decisions.
Openness, sociability, activity in establishing both interpersonal and social contacts. Behavior reveals expressiveness, impulsiveness, social courage, risk-taking, readiness to join new groups, and to be a leader. Focused outward, on people. Extraversion.
Social and psychological characteristics: communicative properties.
E+, Q2+, G+, N+, L+
Independence of character, a tendency towards dominance, authoritarianism, wariness towards people, opposing oneself to a group, a tendency towards leadership, a developed sense of responsibility and duty, acceptance of rules and norms, independence in decision-making, initiative, activity in social spheres, flexibility and diplomacy in interpersonal communication, the ability to find non-trivial solutions in practical, everyday situations.
E-, Q2+, L+, N+, G+
The character shows softness and pliability. These features are compensated in social behavior by opposing oneself to the group, wariness towards people, flexibility and diplomacy in communication, a developed sense of duty and responsibility, and acceptance of generally accepted moral rules and norms.
E+, Q2-, G+, L+, N+
Independence of character, wariness towards people, flexibility and diplomacy in communication, manifestation of conformal reactions, submission to the requirements and opinions of the group, acceptance of generally accepted moral rules and norms, desire for leadership and dominance (authoritarianism) as a manifestation of conformity.
E+, Q2-, G+, L-, N+
Independence of character, openness, diplomacy towards people, acceptance of generally accepted rules and norms, a developed sense of duty and responsibility. Submission to the requirements and opinions of the group, the ability to make independent and original decisions in both intellectual and everyday situations.
E+, Q2-, G+, L-, N-
Independence in making intellectual decisions, openness and straightforwardness towards people, manifestation of conformity, acceptance of generally accepted moral rules and norms, developed sense of duty and responsibility, submission to the requirements and opinions of the group.
E+, L-, Q2+, G+, N+
Independence of character, openness and diplomacy towards people, a developed sense of duty and responsibility, acceptance of generally accepted moral rules and norms, a tendency towards leadership, dominance (authoritarianism), confidence in social situations.
E+, L-, N+, Q2+, G-
Independence of character, manifestation of non-conformist reactions, free attitude to generally accepted rules and norms, a tendency to oppose oneself to a group, autonomy in social behavior, some irresponsibility, a tendency to violate traditions, make extraordinary decisions in relation to people - openness, gullibility, diplomacy (at a high level intelligence, one can assume a high creative potential of the individual).
E+, Q2-, L-, G-, N-
Independence of character, manifested in a free attitude towards generally accepted moral rules and norms, not expressed by a sense of duty and responsibility. Behavior is characterized by conformal reactions, dependence on the opinions and demands of the group, openness and straightforwardness in relation to people, and some social immaturity.
E+, Q2-, G-, L+, N+
Independence of character, wariness and insight towards people, dependence on the group and public opinion, conformity and some social immaturity. There may be neurotic reactions (with low scores on the MD factor and high scores on the O factor).
E+, L-, Q2-, G+, N-
Independence of character in relation to people - openness, trustfulness and straightforwardness. A developed sense of duty, responsibility, adherence to generally accepted rules and norms, dependence on the opinions and demands of the group. In extreme situations, dominance can manifest itself.
E+, L+, Q2-, G+, N-
Independence of character, wariness towards people, straightforwardness. In the social sphere, conformal reactions are manifested: dependence on the opinions and demands of the group, adherence to generally accepted moral rules and norms, some social lack of independence, independence manifests itself in motivation and a sense of duty and responsibility.
E-, L-, Q2-, N-, G-
Gentleness, compliance and openness, adherence to the opinion and demands of the group, straightforwardness and trustfulness towards people, a free attitude towards generally accepted moral rules and norms. Conformity of behavior, social lack of independence and immaturity are noted.
E- , L+, Q2+,N+, G+
The natural softness and pliability of character is compensated by a wary attitude towards people, a desire for independence and opposition to the group. Full acceptance of generally accepted moral rules and norms, diplomacy and insight in relationships with people. Possible manifestation of business leadership.
E-, L+, Q2-, N+, G+
Gentleness, pliability, wariness, diplomacy, and worldly insight are noted in relation to people. Social behavior is characterized by conformist reactions, adherence to generally accepted moral rules and norms, dependence on the opinions and demands of the group, and lack of independence in decision-making.
E-, L-, Q2+, N+, G+
Gentleness, pliability towards people, open and insightful. In a small group there is a desire for independence, some opposition to the group. A developed sense of duty and responsibility, acceptance of generally accepted moral rules and norms. It is possible to demonstrate strong-willed qualities and some desire for leadership.
E-, L- , Q2-, N+, G+
Softness, pliability, pliability. In relation to people - openness and insight. In social behavior, it is characterized by conformism, dependence on the opinions and demands of the group, acceptance of generally accepted moral rules and norms, lack of independence and indecisiveness in decision-making.
E-, L-, Q2+, N-, G+
Gentleness, compliance, openness and straightforwardness. In small groups there is a desire for independence and autonomy. A developed sense of duty and responsibility, acceptance of generally accepted moral rules and norms.
E-, L+, N-, Q2-, G+
Gentleness, pliability, ingenuousness, but there is wariness towards people. In social behavior - conformity, dependence on the opinion of the group, acceptance of generally accepted moral rules and norms, lack of independence in decision making.
E-, L+, N+, Q2-, G+
Gentleness, compliance, in relation to people - wariness and insight. In social behavior - conformity, a developed sense of duty and responsibility, acceptance of generally accepted moral rules and norms, the ability to find the right way out of difficult everyday situations.
E-, L+, N-, Q2+, G+
Gentleness, compliance, straightforwardness, in a small group the desire for independence, for opposing oneself in relation to it. Wary of people, developed sense of duty and responsibility.
E-, L-, N-, Q2+, G-
Gentleness, gullibility, compliance, straightforwardness. In social behavior, non-conformist reactions are noted: opposing oneself to the group, free attitude towards generally accepted moral rules and norms. One can assume personal and social immaturity.
E-, L-, N+, Q2+, G-
Gentleness, openness towards people - insight, diplomacy. In social behavior, nonconformity: independence from the opinion of the group, freedom from the pressure of generally accepted moral rules and norms, a tendency to independence.
E-, L+, N-, Q2+, G+
Gentleness towards people - wariness, straightforwardness, the desire to oppose oneself to the group. Developed sense of duty and responsibility, acceptance of generally accepted moral rules and norms, desire for leadership.
Emotional characteristics of personality.
C+, O-, Q3+, Q4-, (L-, G+)
Emotional stability, self-confidence and self-confidence, calm adequate perception of reality, ability to control one’s emotions and behavior, resistance to stress. In behavior - balance, focus on reality. (Low scores on factor L confirm calm adequacy; high scores on factor G, together with factor Q3, emphasize the development of volitional qualities.)
C-, O+, Q3-, Q4+, (L+)
Emotional instability, increased anxiety: self-doubt, suspiciousness, low resistance to stress, excessive emotional tension, frustration, low control of emotions and behavior, impulsiveness, affectivity, dependence on moods. The combination of factors O+, Q4+, L+ indicates a neurotic anxiety syndrome, aimed at resolving internal conflicts.
C+, O+, Q3-, Q4+ (L+)
Strong nervous system, natural emotional stability. Reduced volitional activity, increased anxiety, suspiciousness, low control of emotions and behavior, dependence on moods, frustration, low stress resistance. In external behavior, he may give the impression of a fairly balanced person (impulsivity manifests itself in stressful situations). In combination O+, Q4+, L+, neurotic anxiety syndrome is diagnosed, aimed at resolving internal conflicts.
C-, O-, Q3+, Q4-
Emotional plasticity, genetic instability, tendency to impulsiveness. These properties are compensated by developed volitional regulation: the ability to control one’s emotions and behavior, self-confidence, and resistance to stress. In behavior - balance, focus on reality, emotionally flexible.
C-, O-, Q3-, Q4-, (N-)
Emotional plasticity, genetic instability of emotions (biological dependence), low volitional regulation: inability to control one’s emotions and behavior, dependence on moods, impulsiveness, efficiency. At the same time, it can be stress-resistant. In combination N- and Q4- (0-6), O- they diagnose low motivation, self-satisfaction, internal relaxation. Low efficiency in professional activities.
C+, O-, Q3-, Q4-, (N-)
Genetic emotional stability (biological dependence), self-confidence, calm adequate perception of reality, such a person does not need volitional regulation of his emotions and behavior, stress-resistant, rigid. He can be balanced and calm in behavior. Low scores on factors N, O, Q4 suggest low motivation, self-satisfaction, internal relaxation (lack of effectiveness in professional activities).
C+, O+, Q3+, Q4-, (N+)
Genetic emotional stability, high control of emotions and behavior, stress resistance, a certain dissatisfaction with oneself, some dissatisfaction, which ensures the desire for self-actualization (with high scores on factor N, one can assume an inflated level of aspirations) In behavior - balanced, stable, focused on reality and social success.
C-, O+, Q3+, Q4-, (G+, I+)
Genetic emotional instability (biological dependence), plasticity of the nervous system, increased anxiety, self-doubt, doubt and suspiciousness, however - high self-regulation, control of emotions and behavior, stress resistance, behavior can be impulsive. With average scores on factor G and high scores on factor I, one can make an assumption about the creative potential of the individual and his artistic type.
C+, O+, Q3+, Q4-, (G+, I+)
Genetic emotional stability (biological dependence). A developed volitional component, high self-regulation, control of emotions and behavior, resistance to stress - ensures balance in behavior, characterizes the emotional maturity of the individual, and the ability to be a leader. Average scores on factor G and high scores on factor I suggest the presence of creative potential and the classification of a person as an artistic type.
C-, O-, Q3-, Q4+
Genetic emotional instability, low control of emotions and behavior are characterized by unbalanced behavior, impulsiveness, dependence on moods, and in extreme situations – frustration, resistance to stress. At the same time, self-confidence, a calm perception of reality, and self-satisfaction are noted. One can make an assumption about the immaturity of the emotional sphere of the individual.
C+, O+, Q3-, Q4-
Genetic emotional stability, low control of emotions and behavior, low self-regulation give rise to self-doubt, doubts and suspiciousness, and dissatisfaction with oneself. However, in extreme situations, natural qualities appear that provide stress resistance and sufficient balance of behavior. Emotional-volitional immaturity of the personality is noted.
C+, O-, Q3+, Q4+
Genetic stability, high self-regulation, control of emotions and behavior provide balance, internal self-confidence and self-confidence, a calm perception of reality, but low situational stress resistance and excessive emotional tension may be observed, however, this only applies to complex significant situations and can be controlled. The personality is emotionally mature.
C+, O+, Q3+, Q4+, (N+, L+)
Genetic emotional stability, highly developed control of emotions and behavior, a pronounced volitional component and self-regulation ensure balanced behavior. However, internal dissatisfaction with oneself, suspiciousness and some anxiety give rise to frustration and low stress resistance. With high scores on factors N and L, we can talk about a certain neurotic syndrome and an inflated level of aspirations.
Programmed emotional sensitivity, sophistication, richness of emotional experiences, wide emotional palette, developed imagination, tendency to daydreaming, reflection, self-dissatisfaction, increased anxiety and intuitiveness. Focus on one's inner world, artistic personality type and anxiety as a personality trait are diagnosed.
Low sensitivity, some emotional flatness, rationality, practicality, self-confidence, calm adequacy in the perception of reality, balance and stability in behavior, focus on specific practical activities (pragmatism) and reality.
High sensitivity, emotional sophistication, wide emotional palette. Self-confidence, a calm perception of reality, and a focus on solving specific practical problems (pragmatism) are noted. In men, high scores on Factor I indicate an artistic personality type: High sensitivity, emotional sophistication, rich emotional palette, tendency to reflect, dissatisfaction with oneself, increased anxiety. Concrete imagination, orientation to reality. With low scores on factors L and Q4, high anxiety (factor O) is interpreted as a personality trait and therefore, when combined with I+, can characterize the artistic type of personality.
Low sensitivity, some emotional flatness. Developed imagination, tendency to daydreaming, reflection, dissatisfaction with oneself, susceptibility to doubt, desire for self-improvement, search for stimuli for imagination. Focus on one's inner world, low pragmatism in behavior, difficulties in solving practical problems.
I-, M-, O+, (N+, Q4+)
Low sensitivity, some emotional flatness, pragmatism, focus on objective reality, adherence to earthly principles. At the same time, the individual is characterized by dissatisfaction with himself and lack of confidence in his abilities. (With high scores on factors N and Q4, a neurotic syndrome can be diagnosed).
I-, M+, O- (N+)
Low sensitivity, some emotional flatness, calm perception of reality, self-confidence and self-confidence, a certain complacency. Such a person has a developed imagination, can make his dreams come true, is reality-oriented and quite enterprising. (High scores on the N factor emphasize the practical entrepreneurial spirit of the individual).
I+, M-, O+, (L+, Q4+)
High sensitivity, emotional sophistication, intuitiveness, reflexivity, self-dissatisfaction, self-doubt, focus on one’s inner world. Such a person has a specific imagination and an orientation towards earthly principles, but high anxiety does not give him the opportunity to be enterprising and decisive. With a combination of high scores on factors O, L and Q4, neurotic anxiety syndrome is diagnosed.
Intellectual characteristics of the individual.
B+, M+, Q1+, (E+)
Efficiency, agility of thinking, a high level of general culture, the ability to operate with abstractions, developed analyticity, developed intellectual interests, the desire for new knowledge, a tendency towards free-thinking, radicalism, high erudition, breadth of views. (With high scores on factor E, independence and originality in solving intellectual problems are noted).
B+, M-,Q1+, (E+)
Efficiency, agility of thinking, a high level of general culture, developed analyticity, interest in new intellectual knowledge, desire for free-thinking, radicalism, high erudition, broad-mindedness. Specific imagination, focus on solving specific intellectual problems. Harmonious development of intelligence. (With high scores on factor E, independence and originality in solving intellectual problems are noted).
B+, M+, Q1+, (N+), (E+)
Efficiency, agility of thinking, high level of general culture, developed analytical skills, interest in intellectual knowledge, desire for free-thinking, radicalism. Ability to operate with abstractions, developed imagination. With high scores on factor N, the ability to translate abstract concepts into practical implementation (a quality necessary for a leader). With high scores on factor E, there is a tendency to make independent, original decisions. Harmonious development of intelligence.
B+, M+, Q1-, (E+)
Efficiency, agility of thinking, high level of general culture, erudition. Ability to operate with abstractions, developed imagination. Criticality and conservatism in accepting new things, reduced intellectual interests, low analytical thinking. (With high scores on factor E, there is a tendency to make independent, extraordinary intellectual decisions.)
B+, M-, Q1-, (N+)
Efficiency, agility of thinking, high level of general culture, erudition. Such a person has a specific imagination, criticality and conservatism in accepting new things, and is aimed at specific practical thinking. (High scores on factor N characterize a focus on practical activities.)
B-, M+, Q1+, (E+)
Low efficiency of thinking, insufficiently developed general culture. Such a person has developed analytical thinking, intellectual interests, the ability to operate with abstract concepts, and a developed imagination. (High scores on factor E indicate a tendency to make independent, original, intellectual decisions). Low scores on factor B with this combination of factors can be explained by a number of reasons, insufficient level of education; low resistance to stress, frustration, situational anxiety (reduced efficiency in implementing knowledge); poor physical health at the time of the test.
B-, M-, Q1+, (E+, N+)
Low efficiency of thinking, insufficiently developed general level of culture and erudition (possibly due to reasons of frustration or low level of education). Such a person has developed analytical thinking, intellectual interests, and a penchant for free-thinking and radicalism. Specific imagination is noted. (With high scores on factor E - a tendency to make independent, original intellectual decisions; on factor N - developed practical intelligence.)
B-, M+, Q1-, (E+, N+)
Low efficiency of thinking, low level of general culture and erudition, criticality and conservatism in accepting new things, reduced interest in new intellectual knowledge. Such a person has a developed imagination and the ability to operate with abstractions - this property affects such a personality trait as daydreaming. Solving intellectual problems is difficult. High scores on factors E and N compensate for difficulties in making intellectual everyday decisions. A high score on factor E and a low score on factor N characterize a tendency towards dominance and conservative stubbornness.
Low efficiency of thinking, inability to update one’s knowledge, low general culture and erudition, conservatism and criticality in accepting new intellectual knowledge, reduced intellectual interests, concreteness of imagination, focus on practical, specific activities. (High scores on factors E and N do not affect intellectual ability, but aggravate negative personality traits: dominance, worldly resourcefulness, stubbornness.)
Self-esteem.
MD-
MD = 0-3
Low self-esteem, overly critical attitude towards oneself, dissatisfaction with oneself, lack of self-acceptance.
Adequate self-esteem, knowledge of oneself and one’s qualities, self-acceptance (indicator of personal maturity).
MD+
MD = 9-14
Inflated self-esteem, uncritical attitude towards oneself, acceptance of oneself and one’s qualities (indicator of personal immaturity).
MD, G+, Q3+, C+, M-
MD = 4-8
Adequate self-esteem, social normativity, emotionally significant responsibility of behavior, self-discipline, self-control of emotions and behavior, emotional stability and concreteness of imagination form a symptom complex that characterizes self-regulation and maturity of the individual.
http://gestalt.dn.ua
PRACTICUM ON PSYCHODIAGNOSTICS
A. N. KAPUSTINA
MULTIFACTOR PERSONALITY METHODOLOGY
R. KETTELLA
SPEECH
Saint Petersburg
Institute of Psychotherapy and Clinical Psychology
Moscow 2001
K 20 Kapustina A. N.
SPb.: “Speech”. 2001 - 112 pp. - (Workshop on psychodiagnostics).
The book summarizes many years of experience in using the technique, analyzes the conditions and features of its application.
The book is an extremely useful guide in which both high-level specialists and students studying psychology and psychodiagnostics will find the necessary information.
BBK 88.4
ISBN 5-9268-0068-4© Kapustina A. N., 2001
ISBN 5-89939-053-0© Rech Publishing House, 2001
© Institute of Psychotherapy and Clinical Psychology, 2001
© Borozenets P.V. (cover design), 2001
The tasks of practice related to the problems of psychological diagnostics have set a number of requirements regarding the assessment of personality traits.
One of the most pressing tasks of psychological science is the development of diagnostic methods that would make it possible to identify individual differences in the development of certain personality traits. Objectification of psychological diagnostics involves the use of standardized, that is, test methods that have normative data. Cattell's 16-factor personality inventory satisfies this requirement.
The Cattell questionnaire is currently most often used in experimental personality studies and has received a fairly high rating from practicing psychologists.
In determining personality properties, a direction is highlighted that developed within the framework of the method of factor analysis of personality. The most valuable and systematic contributions to this area were made by researchers such as J. Guilford, G. Eysenck and R. Kettell.
Guilford's main idea can be expressed in the following very concise formula: the personality of an individual is a specific constellation of traits. Using factor analysis, Guilford classified personality traits according to their degree of generalization.
Eysenck began with a very thorough study of personality in general and tried to find methods (tests) to measure personality traits. He discovered two main factors: neuroticism and extraversion-introversion, which in his concept are the determining parameters of personality structure.
Multifactorial personality method by R. Cattell
The first to formulate the basic rule for applying the factor analysis method was Cattell. A characteristic feature of his approach is the attitude towards factor analysis not as a way of organizing the data obtained, but as a method that allows one to identify the basic properties of a person. It is known that the factor method consists of mathematical analysis of correlations within a certain group of data. Factorial studies have so far used three data sources:
1. L-data, or “life factors”, that is, data obtained by recording real human behavior in everyday life;
2. Q-data, or self-report data. They include a person's statements about his behavior, adding a "mental interior" to the external registration embodied in L-data;
3. T-data obtained through objective tests and experiments. T-data is based on the third possibility - creation (through instructions or using special literature) special situations in which human behavior can be assessed objectively.
The main contradiction of the factor theory in relation to the study of personality lies in the integration (G. Eysenck) and differentiation (R. Cattell) of personality traits. Eysenck sought to determine the basic parameters and neglected other possible individual differences. According to Eysenck, there is a multi-level organization of traits, in which more specific personality traits are determined by more general ones. Cattell, defining the so-called primary factors, gradually moved to more general parameters - to second-order factors. However, for Cattell, personality traits subordinate to factors relate to different spheres of the human psyche and activity.
The main merit of representatives of the factor theory of personality is the creation of methodological tools for studying personality characteristics and analyzing its structure. In this regard, the personality multifactor questionnaire stands out
Cattell's factor theory of personality
(16-PF), developed by R. Cattell. It is based on individual characteristics of temperament and personality traits and thereby covers a wide range of personality variables. Moreover, each factor of the questionnaire reflects some real system of generalized personality traits. Cattell interpreted the factors eclectically, using concepts found in other personality theories. This is one of the reasons why Cattell failed to clarify the interaction of factors in a holistic personality, their relationship in the regulation of human behavior. Therefore, one should agree with the statements of practicing psychologists that it is better to treat the personality properties identified by Cattell as preliminary schemes.
Despite the shortcomings of Cattell's theoretical position, the factor model he proposed is much richer than his theoretical concept. Indeed, the Cattell questionnaire has two important advantages over other personality methods. Firstly, with its help you can cover the personal sphere quite well, and secondly - and this has been proven by statistical methods - the factors obtained by Cattell do not have an a priori bias inherent in factors identified on the basis of other theoretical concepts. The main personality factors obtained using R. Cattell’s methodology are analyzed quite consistently, if we rely on the position put forward by B. G. Ananyev that the personality structure is built not according to one, but simultaneously according to two principles:
1) subordinate, or hierarchical, in which more complex and more general special personality properties subordinate more elementary and private, social and psychophysiological properties;
2) coordination, in which interaction is carried out on a parity basis, allowing a number of degrees of freedom for correlating properties, that is, the relative autonomy of each of them.
Cattell was looking for a way to determine general personality traits by carrying out separate studies based on fact.
R Cattell's multifactorial personality technique
Thorne analysis using the three data sources mentioned above. The critical point of factor analysis is the starting point - the surface variables from which everything begins. Cattell began his work in the field of behavioral assessment by analyzing a study conducted in 1936 by G. Allport and H. Odbert.
Allport and Odbert found 18,000 words in the English language that describe personality, of which 4,500 are names for personality traits. Cattell divided this list of words into synonymous groups and reduced it to 160 words, which he considered basic in describing personality. To complete the list, Cattell added 11 dictionary terms to the list, resulting in a total of 171 “descriptive variables.” Each of these variables was then assessed by expert psychologists to determine which ones were most significant. Cross-correlation of descriptive variables and expert ratings yielded 42 “clusters” of closely related traits, which Cattell defined as “surface traits.” Cattell attaches extremely great importance to the concept of “trait.” For him, it is a “mental structure,” that is, what is implied behind observed behavior and is responsible for the consistency of this behavior.
Central to Cattell is the distinction between “surface traits” and “original traits.” In this case, the initial trait is determined only through factor analysis, which allows the researcher to evaluate the variables or factors that are the basis of surface behavior. Cattell created a list of these surface traits, including 36 bipolar names, which was expanded to 46 by adding special terms found in the work of other researchers. The assessment of these traits formed the basis for the initial factor analysis of the L-data and Q-data, as a result of which the main personality factors were identified. The main factor was called the main trait in Cattell's theory. The names of the factors reflect Cattell's characteristic love of inventing new terms. Some of the names of the factors are, in fact,
Cattell's factor theory of personality
Descriptive, others reflect the author's hypothetical ideas regarding the origins and nature of these factors. For example, the name “premium” is an abbreviation for “protected emotional sensitivity,” “autia” presupposes a strong expression of autistic qualities, etc. At the same time, Cattell also contains popular everyday designations for these factors. Technical names are intended for psychologists, everyday ones are descriptive, publicly available definitions.
All names of factors, technical and everyday, are given in bipolar form, thereby eliminating ambiguity in determining the content of the factor. It should be borne in mind that in a psychological sense, the poles (low and high) are equally valuable and do not carry a positive or negative meaning. Positive or negative semantic content can be determined by a psychologist taking into account the individual characteristics of the individual, her work (professional) activity and her relationship with the group in the process of communication.
In table 1 presents the technical and everyday names of the identified factors, which Cattell calls normal primary basic features.
Table 1
Main personality factors identified on the basis of L- and Q-data (primary factors)
| Index | Technical name | Household designation |
| 1.A | Schizothymia - affectotymia | Closedness - sociability |
| 2. B | Intelligence - high intelligence | Concrete thinking - abstract thinking |
| 3. C | Weak "I" - Strength "I" | Emotional instability - emotional stability |
| 4. E | Submissiveness - Dominance | Submission - dominance |
Multifactorial personality method by R. Cattell
| Index | Technical name | Household designation |
| 5. F | Disurgence - surgency | Restraint - expressiveness |
| 6.G | "Super-ego" - weakness "super-ego" - strength | Low normative behavior - high normative behavior |
| 7. N | Traction - parmia | Timidity - courage |
| 8. J | Harrey - premium | Realism - sensitivity |
| 9. L | Alaxia - protensia | Suspicion - gullibility |
| 10. M | Praxernia - autism | Practicality - Dreaminess |
| 11.N | Natural forridness - revdness | Straightforwardness (naivety) - insight (artificiality) |
| 12.0 | Hyperthymia - hypothymia | Calm - anxiety |
| 13. Q, | Rigidity - flexibility | Conservatism - radicalism |
| 14.Q2 | Sociability - self-sufficiency | Conformism (dependence on the group) nonconformism (independence) |
| 15.Q, | Impulsivity - desire control | Low self-control - high self-control |
| 16.Q4 | Unfrustrated - frustrated | Relaxation - emotional tension |
Letter indices from A to O are intended for factors identified due to L-data. Indices Q, Q2, Q3, Q4 are factors identified using Q-data.
Objective tests, with their focus on measuring behavior without recourse to self- or expert ratings, represent a radically new approach to the study of personality structure. Cattell thought it appropriate to make this transition from the study of L- and Q-data to the study of T-data. However, so far only a small number of researchers have devoted themselves to this topic, although their number is constantly growing. Main obstacle
Cattell's factor theory of personality
The way to develop objective tests lies in the difficulty of creating model life situations sufficient for the manifestation of personality traits.
Due to the fact that T data is poorly verbalized, the interpretation of factors in objective tests is more complex than the interpretation associated with L and Q data. Most factors related to T-data, in this case, correlate not with one, but with several factors related to L- and Q-data. Research by Hundleby, Paulick, and Cattell showed an approximate correspondence of second-order factors from L- and Q-data to results obtained from T-data.
The use of objective tests in practice is associated with much more time. The difference between questionnaires and objective tests lies in the degree of detail of the measurement, so if subjects are interested in obtaining objective results, then it is more advisable to use questionnaires (including the Cattell technique).
Description of Cattell's multifactorial personality technique. Form Cj
The test was first published in 1949 by the Institute of Personality Aptitude Testing (JPAT). After the first public-; tion test went a difficult way. In 1956-1957 The second edition was published, supplemented by new developments. In 1961-1962 -the third, which could be used as an independent guide to the test.
In 1970, a manual was published with which, according to you! according to Cattell, you can work to the fullest. The author argues that over the two decades from 1949 to 1970 there was a significant increase in the reliability and validity of the test. I
The theoretical and methodological basis of the developed test is the factor analysis of personality discussed above.
As a result of the study using this questionnaire, personality is described by 16 fundamentally independent and psychologically meaningful factors. Each factor has a conventional name and assumes a stable probabilistic relationship between individual personality traits.
The structure of the questionnaire factors for each individual person reflects a probabilistic model of the individual psychological properties of his personality and, when superimposed on the group model of the sample to which this person belongs, demonstrates the individual uniqueness of a particular person and makes it possible to more likely predict his actual behavior in certain life situations .
By 1970, the test had 6 parallel forms listed below. Each of the basic forms defines the same sixteen personality characteristics:
Description of Cattell's multifactorial personality technique. Form C
| Forms of Cattell's test |
||||
| Form | Number of questions | Application | Average time, min. | The year of publishing |
| A | 187 187 | High education, adulthood | 50 50 | 1950 |
| WITH | 105 | Normal education, starting from secondary school, adulthood | 30-40 30-40 | 1956-1957 |
| E | 128 128 | Groups with a low level of education, adulthood | 30-40 30-40 | 1961 |
As Cattell writes, for the researcher, for more precise individual work, forms A and B are proposed; Forms C and D are used more often in cases where testing time is limited and there is a need to work with a group.
Studying in a group allows, firstly, to use this form of test as an express method; secondly, when using group test methods, the subjective factor of the study is reduced to a minimum, which makes it possible to increase the reliability of the study.
In this description of the Cattell technique we are talking about form C, or more precisely about its adapted version. Adaptation of this form has been carried out since 1972 in the research group of E. S. Chugunova at the Department of Social Psychology of Leningrad State University under the leadership of I. M. Paley by employees A. N. Kapustina, L. V. Murgulets and N. G. Chumakova.
The technique itself consists of a questionnaire, an answer form and a key (see Appendices). In the case of manual processing of answer sheets, “keys” are placed on them one by one and the sum of points for each of the 17 personality characteristics (16 personality factors + self-esteem factor) is recorded. Next, the “raw” ratings are translated into a ten-point scale - the so-called
Multifactorial personality method by R. Cattell
Walls. The obtained data is analyzed for each characteristic. With a total range of data variability of 10 sten, the average values are 5.5 sten. Scores of 4 and 7 walls indicate minor deviations of personality characteristics from the average. The vivid expression of quality is associated with a score of 1-3 and 8-10 (taking into account the bipolarity of each factor).
For this description, Form C was chosen because it has a number of advantages compared to other forms, in particular Form A.
Firstly, it is carried out in a shorter time (30-40 minutes), which makes it convenient for a group experiment. Secondly, the questions themselves in this form are composed more generally, for example, one of the questions aimed at determining the characteristics of “submission - dominance” (factor E), in form A reads as follows: “In my life, I almost always achieve my goals :
B) not sure;
C) incorrect."
In Form C, the question is formulated as follows: “If I were driving a car on a road where there are many other cars, would I prefer:
A) let most cars pass ahead;
B) I don’t know;
C) overtake all cars in front.”
As can be seen from comparisons of these questions, in Form A the questions are posed more directly, and the test taker can give a “presumed desired answer.” In addition, in form A, questions to determine the factor come two in a row (with a time and semantic interval of 22 questions). There are a total of 13 questions per factor. In Form C, there are six questions for each factor with an interval of 17 points.
In addition, in form C, the questions are formulated in such a way as to make the technique seem intermediate between self-assessment and projective, thereby ensuring more adequate answers from the subjects.
Interpretation of factors
| Primary factors | |
| I. Factor "A" (focused on determining the degree of sociability in the group) |
|
| “–” “Schizothymia” | “+” “Affectothymia” |
| hidden, isolated, critical, adamant, uncommunicative, withdrawn, indifferent, defends his ideas, aloof, precise, objective, distrustful, skeptical, cold (hard), angry, gloomy | warm-hearted, kind, sociable, open, natural, relaxed, good-natured, carefree, ready for community, prefers to join in, attentive to people, kind-hearted, careless, trusting, follows the lead, easily adapts, cheerful |
| II. Factor "B" | |
| “–” “Low intelligence” | “+” “High intelligence” |
| uncollected, dull, concrete and rigid thinking, emotional disorganization of thinking, low mental abilities, cannot solve abstract problems | collected, quick-witted, there is abstract thinking, high general mental abilities, insightful, grasping, intellectually adaptable, there is some connection with the level of verbal culture and erudition |
| III. Factor "C" | |
| “–” “Weakness of Self” | “+” “The Power of I” |
| weakness, emotional instability, under the influence of feelings, changeable, easily upset, loses balance of spirit when upset, changeable in relationships and unstable in interests, restless, avoids public relations, tends to give in, refuses work, does not enter into arguments in problematic situations, neurotic symptoms, hypochondria, fatigue | strength, emotional stability, self-control, calm, phlegmatic, looks at things soberly, efficient, realistic, emotionally mature, has constant emotions, calm, realistically assesses the situation, manages the situation, avoids difficulties, emotional rigidity and insensitivity may occur |
| IV. Factor "E" | |
| “–” “Conformity” | "+" "Dominance" |
| soft, meek obedient, helpful, amiable, dependent, shy, compliant, takes the blame, uncomplaining, passive, submissive, submissive, tactful, diplomatic, expressive, modest, easily upset by authoritative leadership and authorities | dominance, power, unyielding, self-confident, assertive, aggressive, stubborn, conflicting, capricious, unstable, independent, rude, hostile, gloomy, rebel, disobedient, inflexible, demands admiration |
| V. Factor "F" | |
| “–” “Restraint” | “+” “Expressiveness” |
| preoccupied, calm, silent, serious, taciturn, prudent, judicious, introspective, caring, thoughtful, uncommunicative, slow, cautious, inclined to complicate, pessimistic in the perception of reality, worries about the future, expects failures, seems boring to others, sluggish, prim | carefree, enthusiastic, inattentive, careless, careless, cheerful, cheerful, impulsive, agile, energetic, talkative, frank, expressive, lively, agile, notes the importance of social contacts, sincere in relationships, emotional, dynamic in, often becomes a leader, enthusiast, believes in luck |
| VI. Factor "G" | |
| “–” “Low superego” | “+” “High super-ego” |
| susceptible to feelings, disagreement with generally accepted moral norms and standards, fickle, flexible, changeable, distrustful, self-indulgent, careless, lazy, independent, ignores responsibilities, influenced by chance and circumstances, unprincipled, irresponsible, disorganized, possibly antisocial behavior | high standard, strong character, conscientious, persistent, moralist, sedate, balanced, responsible, tenacious, persistent, decisive, trustworthy, emotionally disciplined, collected, conscientious, has a sense of duty, observes moral standards and rules, persistence in achieving goals, accuracy , business orientation |
| VII. Factor "N" | |
| “–” “Trectia” | "+" "Parmia" |
| timidity, indecisiveness, lacking self-confidence, shyness, embarrassed in the presence of others, reserved, fearful, emotional, embittered, irritable, limited, strictly adheres to rules, reacts quickly to danger, increased sensitivity to threat, delicate, attentive to others, prefers to be in the shadows, prefers one or two friends to large society | courage, enterprise, social courage, thick skin, adventurous, risk-taker, sociable, active, obvious interest in the other sex, sensitive, sympathetic, good-natured, impulsive, disinhibited, free-spirited, emotional, artistic interests, carefree, does not understand danger |
| VIII. Factor "I" | |
| "-" "Harria" | "+" "Premium" |
| low sensitivity, severity, thick skin, does not believe in illusions, rationality, realistic judgments, practicality, some cruelty, unsentimental, expects little from life, courageous, self-confident, takes responsibility, stern (to the point of cynicism), callous in relationships, minor artistic inclinations, without loss of sense of taste, not a dreamer, acts practically and logically, constant, does not pay attention to physical ailments | kindness, tenderness, dependence, sensitivity, over-caution, desire for patronage, restless, fussy, restless, expects attention from, intrusive, unreliable, seeks help and sympathy, capable of empathy and understanding, kind, tolerant of oneself and others, sophisticated, cutesy , pompous, feigned, prone to romanticism, artistic, flighty, acts by intuition, feminine, fantasizes in conversation and alone, changeable, hypochondriac, worries about his health, artistic perception of the world |
| IX. Factor "L" | |
| “–” “Alaxia” | "+" "Protencia" |
| trusting, frank, feeling of one's own insignificance, agrees with the conditions, internal relaxation, complains about changes, unsuspicious, free from dependence, easily forgets difficulties, understands, forgives, tolerant, accommodating, benevolent towards others, careless of comments, flexible, easy gets along with, works well in a team | suspiciousness, jealousy, “protection” and internal tension, envious, great self-importance, dogmatism, suspiciousness, dwells on failures, tyrant, requires others to bear responsibility for mistakes, irritable, his interests are turned to himself, cautious in his actions, self-centered |
| X. Factor "M" | |
| “–” “Praxernia” | “+” “Autia” |
| practical, firm, little imagination, down-to-earth aspirations, quickly solves practical problems, busy with his own interests, prosaic, avoids everything unusual, follows generally accepted norms, reliable in practical judgment, honest, conscientious, restless, has some limitations, is overly attentive to details, guided objective reality | dreamy, idealistic, imaginative, bohemian, absent-minded, preoccupied with ideas, interested in art and core beliefs, caught up in internal illusions, highly creative, capricious, easily disturbed by common sense, unbalanced, easily enraptured |
| XI. Factor "N" | |
| “–” “Straightness” | “+” “Diplomacy” |
| naivety, simplicity, direct, frank, natural, spontaneous, tactless in approach, has a vague mind, sociable, emotionally unrestrained, simple tastes, lack of insight, inexperienced in analyzing motivations, content with what is available, blindly believes in human essence | insight, cunning, experienced, sophisticated, calculating, reasonable, refined, knows how to behave in society, has an accurate mind, emotionally self-controlled, artificial, aesthetically sophisticated, insightful in relation to others, ambitious, can be unreliable, cautious, “cuts corners” |
| XII. Factor "O" | |
| “–” “Hyperthymia” | “+” “Hypotymia” |
| carelessness, self-confidence, arrogance, calm, serenity, complacency, composure, cheerful, cheerful, unrepentant, placid, calm, insensitive to the approval or censure of others, careless, energetic, fearless, thoughtless | guilt, full of anxiety and apprehension, self-flagellation, self-doubt, vulnerable, worried, depressed, depressed, easily cries, easily hurt, lonely, at the mercy of moods, impressionable, strong sense of duty, sensitive to the reactions of others, meticulous, fussy, hypochondriac, symptoms of fear, immersed in dark thoughts |
| XIII. Factor "Q1" | |
| “–” “Conservatism” | "+" "Radicalism" |
| respectable, has established views and ideas, accepts only time-tested things, is suspicious of new people, doubtful of new ideas, tolerant of traditional difficulties, prone to moralizing and preaching | experimenter, analyst, liberal, freethinker, tolerance of inconvenience, critical, well informed, does not trust authorities, does not take anything for granted, characterized by intellectual interests |
| XIV. Factor "Q2" | |
| “–” “Group dependence” | “+” “Self-sufficiency” |
| sociability, lack of independence, consistency, needs group support, accepts with others, follows public opinion, focuses on social approval, lacks initiative | independence from the group, independence, resourcefulness, makes decisions independently, can dominate, does not need the support of others, independent |
| XV. Factor "Q3" | |
| “–” “Low self-esteem” | “+” “High self-esteem” |
| poorly controlled, careless, inaccurate, follows one’s own impulses, does not take into account social rules, inattentive and indelicate, undisciplined, internal conflict of self-image | self-love, self-control, precise, strong-willed, can subjugate, acts according to a conscious plan, effective leader, accepts social norms, controls his emotions and behavior, gets things done, goal-oriented |
| XVI. Factor "Q4" | |
| “–” “Low ego tension” | “+” “High ego tension” |
| relaxed, calm, lethargic, apathetic, reserved, non-frustrating, low motivation, laziness, excessive satisfaction, equanimity | collected, energetic, excited, irritable, increased motivation, despite fatigue active, weak sense of order, irritable |
| Secondary factors | |
| I. Factor "F1" | |
| “–” “Low anxiety” | “+” “High anxiety” |
| life in general is satisfying, able to achieve what he wants, poor motivation and hence the inability to achieve difficult goals | not necessarily neurotic (since anxiety can be situational), poor adaptability (possibly), dissatisfaction with what has been achieved, very high anxiety usually interferes with activity |
| II. Factor "F2" | |
| “–” “Introvert” | “+” “Extrovert” |
| timidity, self-consciousness, “being enough of yourself”, suppressed in interpersonal conflicts, shyness (not necessary), restraint, secrecy | establishes and maintains social contacts well |
| III. Factor "F3" | |
| “–” “Sensitivity” | “+” “Reactive poise” |
| fragile emotionality, sensitivity to subtleties, artistic gentleness, calmness, politeness, difficulty in making decisions due to excess thoughts | stability, cheerfulness, determination, enterprise, tendency not to notice the subtleties of life, focused on the obvious and obvious, difficulties due to too hasty actions without sufficient weighing |
| IV. Factor "F4" | |
| “–” “Conformity” | "+" "Independence" |
| submission, dependence, passivity, restraint, needs support and seeks it from people, tendency to focus on group norms | aggressiveness, courage, agility, intelligence, speed |
When interpreting the results obtained, it is advisable to use not only the severity of individual factors, but also their combinations that form symptom complexes of communicative, intellectual, emotional and regulatory personal properties. In this case, it is necessary to take into account not only the pole values of the factors, but also the average ones, which are quite often found in the practice of psychologists.
The group of communicative properties is formed by the following factors:A – sociability
N – courage
E – dominance
L – suspicious
N – diplomacy
Q 2 – independence.
The combination of factors A and H reflects the individual’s need for communication and the ability to communicate.
High values of factors A (8-10 walls) and H (8-10 walls) mean that a person is able to communicate easily and quickly, often on his own initiative, comes into contact with strangers and unfamiliar people. There is a lot of interpersonal experience, but often the relationships are superficial and short-lived. Doesn't feel tense in a large audience. Maintains self-confidence and is able to defend his position when communicating with authoritative people. Communication is the main way to solve all your problems.
The average values of factors A (4-7 walls) and H (4-7 walls) characterize a person who does not avoid relationships with people, but his own activity in establishing and maintaining contacts is low. He becomes the initiator of communication if his interests are affected or the problem is solved only through communication. Selective in communication; has a small circle of friends and acquaintances who are close in interests and value orientations and with whom he feels comfortable. Communicating with a large audience or authority figures requires overcoming tension.
Low values of factors A (1-3 walls) and H (1-3 walls) are characteristic of a person who has a weakly expressed need to communicate with people. Extremely selective in establishing and maintaining contacts. The circle of communication is limited to friends and relatives. Avoids communicating with large audiences and authorities. Experiences great difficulty when requests arise.
The combination of factors L and N characterizes the individual’s attitude towards other people.
High values of factors L (8-10 walls) and N (8-10 walls) are characteristic of a person who is distinguished by pronounced social insight. He clearly sees the hidden meaning of everyday situations and interpersonal relationships. Understands people, the motives of their behavior and experiences. He subtly senses other people's attitude towards himself, and this allows him to quickly change the style and distance of communication if the communication situation changes. In conflict situations, he strives to avoid “sharp corners” and looks for compromise solutions. At the same time, he is wary, internally tense and may experience anxiety in relationships with people. Often evaluates people with prejudice.
The average values of factors L (4-7 walls) and N (4-7 walls) reflect a person’s ability to understand people quite subtly and think about the motives of their behavior. However, such a person rarely focuses on his own assessments and characteristics. He treats people kindly, but without much trust. Establishes trusting relationships with those who have close interests and with whom he maintains long-standing relationships. He understands other people's problems, but prefers to keep his own problems secret and solve them himself. Conflicts and disagreements with others are possible, but they do not last long.
Low values of factors L (1-3 wall) and N (1-3 wall) belong to a person who is natural in behavior. Treats people around him kindly, without prejudice, and evaluates their actions condescendingly. However, it can offend due to an inaccurate understanding of the interlocutor’s state, the motives of his behavior, or due to insufficient insight into the essence of the situation. Rarely senses the nuances of communication, maintains the style and distance of communication, regardless of changes in the communication situation.
The combination of factors E and Q 2 reflects some aspects of an individual's leadership potential.
High values of factors E (8-10 walls) and Q 2 (8-10 walls) are characteristic of a person who actively strives to take a leadership position in the group. Has his own point of view on many issues. Strives to establish it among others and change their behavior in accordance with his own vision and understanding of the current situation. He is critical of the opinions of others and rarely resorts to them. Prefers independent decisions, which he does not change even under group pressure.
The average values of factors E (4-7 walls) and Q 2 (4-7 walls) indicate a moderately expressed leadership potential of the individual. The existing own point of view on many issues is not imposed on the group. Leadership functions are manifested mainly in familiar situations, the development of which can be foreseen, and the emergence of difficulties can be prevented. Leadership activity is also possible when the situation deeply affects personal interests. He respects the group's opinion as well as his own. Takes it into account and can change his own under pressure from the group. However, he prefers to make responsible decisions on his own.
Low values of factors E (1-3 wall) and Q 2 (1-3 wall) indicate low leadership potential. The person does not strive to take a leading position among the people around him or in the group. Prefers to obey. Easily agrees with the opinions of others and quickly changes his own point of view. Tends to avoid situations that require one's own responsibility for making decisions. Experiences tension when it is necessary to independently overcome obstacles on the way to achieving a goal.
The group of intellectual properties includes the following factors:B – intelligence
M – dreaminess
N – diplomacy
Q 1 – receptivity to new things.
The combination of factors B and M characterizes the intellectual capabilities of an individual.
High values of factors B (8-10 walls) and M (8-10 walls) mean high intellectual capabilities and passion for abstract ideas. Easily solves abstract problems, quickly establishes cause-and-effect relationships between phenomena. He has a rich imagination and developed imaginative thinking. At the same time, thinking is logical and has a high level of generalization.
The average values of factors B (4-7 walls) and M (4-7 walls) reflect the possibility of achieving success in solving simple abstract problems. The greatest success is achieved in solving practical problems. A person is capable of creativity, detailed development of ideas put forward by others.
Low values of factors B (1-3 walls) and M (1-3 walls) characterize the predominance of concrete, practically oriented thinking in the structure of intelligence. When making decisions, he focuses primarily on common sense and facts. Solving abstract problems requires additional effort and a lot of time.
The combination of factors N and Q 1 reflects the flexibility and efficiency of a person’s thinking.
High values of factors N (8-10 walls) and Q 1 (8-10 walls) indicate flexibility of thinking and speed of decision-making. A person easily understands the meaning of a problem situation, quickly calculates possible solutions and finds the optimal one. Tends to experiment with objects and ideas. When making decisions, he focuses on new approaches and is not afraid of mistakes and miscalculations.
Average values of factors N (4-7 walls) and Q 1 (4-7 walls) are found in people who tend to quickly navigate problem situations, but who do not always know how to calculate solution options. In this regard, the chosen solution is not always optimal. Uses new ideas and solutions carefully, only after a comprehensive assessment and evaluation of the consequences.
Low values of factors N (wall 1-3) and Q 1 (wall 1-3) are recorded in those who have difficulty navigating problem situations. Understanding the meaning of a problem situation and choosing solution options require additional intellectual effort and time. Wary attitude towards new ideas. When solving life problems, methods and techniques proven by experience are used.
The group of emotional properties combines the following factors:C – emotional stability
F – carelessness
H – courage in social contacts
I – emotional sensitivity
O – anxiety
Q 4 – tension
The combination of factors C and I characterizes the sensitivity of an individual to emotional influences.
High values of factor C (8-10 walls) and low values of factor I (1-3 wall) are characteristic of a person characterized by a realistic perception of the environment and ongoing events. Feels protected and able to cope with various difficulties. The range of situations that provoke strong emotional reactions is limited. Tends to rationalize his own emotional experiences and impressions. When communicating with other people, he focuses primarily on what is reasonable. He rarely focuses on his own feelings.
The average values of factors C (4-7 walls) and I (4-7 walls) are typical for a person who maintains emotional balance mainly in a familiar environment. When additional difficulties unexpectedly appear, a short-term feeling of anxiety and helplessness arises. Strong emotional reactions are possible in situations that deeply affect current needs.
Low values of factor C (1-3 walls) and high values of factor I (8-10 walls) mean that a person perceives what is happening around him primarily emotionally. Emotional sensitivity is high. Emotions arise quickly, for any reason, even a minor one. The range of emotional experiences is varied: from enthusiasm, satisfaction to fear, anxiety and depression. Emotions become the main regulator of behavior and relationships with people.
The combination of factors H and F reflects the tendency to engage in risky behavior.
High values of factors H (8-10 walls) and F (8-10 walls) indicate optimism. Difficulties and failures of current situations are not noticed or are repressed. Belief in luck, in a favorable outcome of undertakings, prevails. Life prospects are perceived positively. Attracts situations involving risk. May risk both health and material well-being. Takes risks regardless of the consequences. Unjustified risk, risk for the sake of risk, is possible.
The average values of factors H (4-7 walls) and F (4-7 walls) reflect a person’s desire to find positive things in life. However, it is not possible to completely disconnect from troubles and everyday problems. Believes in luck when situations are familiar and it is possible to use experience-tested strategies for behavior and problem solving. Takes calculated risks. Risky situations attract people when the risk is justified and success is actually achievable.
Low values of factors H (1-3 walls) and F (1-3 walls) are found in those who tend to dramatize events and complicate what is happening. Mood is often low. The life outlook is perceived predominantly negatively. Self-confidence is weak. The predominant orientation is to avoid failure. Risk is scary. Situations involving risk are avoided.
The combination of factors O and Q 4 characterizes various manifestations of anxiety as a personal property.
High values of factors O (8-10 walls) and Q 4 (8-10 walls) describe a person who often worries about possible failures and unpleasant events and regrets his past actions. Dissatisfied with himself, feels guilty, which creates difficulties in relationships with others. Painfully tolerates criticism addressed to him. Accepts praise and compliments with great distrust. He perceives obstacles on the way to achieving a goal as insurmountable, and tends to fixate on the unpleasant aspects of events, which prevents him from searching for a way out of problematic situations.
The average values of factors O (4-7 walls) and Q 4 (4-7 walls) refer to a person who experiences anxiety and restlessness in unusual situations. Then, when the situation is familiar and predictable, the feeling of anxiety weakens or does not arise at all. Tries to objectively perceive what is happening and the people around him. Obstacles on the way to achieving the goal seem insurmountable, but for quite a long time he searches for optimal solutions to the current problematic situation. At first he perceives critical remarks addressed to him with irritation, then he finds a rational grain in them, and the irritation is removed. In conflict situations, he tends to blame not only others, but also himself.
Low values of factors O (1-3 wall) and Q 4 (1-3 wall) are characteristic of a person who critically perceives the surrounding reality. Rarely worries about the future, and does not worry about past actions. High self-esteem, self-confidence, and satisfaction with one’s achievements help to overcome real obstacles. Tolerant of critical remarks addressed to him. In conflict situations, he tends to primarily blame others.
The group of regulatory personality traits includes the following factors:Q 3 – self-discipline
G – moral normativity
High values of factors Q 3 (8-10 walls) and G (8-10 walls) are found in those who are able to mobilize themselves to achieve their goals despite internal resistance and external obstacles. Acts thoughtfully and persistently. Organized: finishes started tasks, clearly understands the order of tasks to be performed, plans time. Maintains self-control in critical situations and is able to regulate external manifestations of emotions. Critical of himself. Behavior is often regulated by the requirements of the group and the demands of the people around them. Responsible, with a strong sense of duty.
The average values of factors Q 3 (4-7 walls) and G (4-7 walls) indicate a person’s ability to be organized and persistent, primarily in situations in which he has adapted. In the event of an unexpected additional load, it can act chaotically and disorganized. Selectively applies to group-wide norms and requirements. Conscientiousness and responsibility in personally significant situations can be combined with formal fulfillment of duties when the situation does not affect personal interests.
Low values of factors Q 3 (1-3 wall) and G (1-3 wall) are characteristic of those who retreat from the desired goal as soon as internal or external obstacles appear. Often acts disorganized. Does not know how to plan and rationally distribute his time. Behavior is regulated primarily by personal, momentary desires and needs, and therefore does not always fit into traditional frameworks. One's capabilities are not always assessed critically. Relates quite freely to moral standards.
Secondary factors of R. Cattell's questionnaire.Secondary factors are calculated only for walls.
1. Anxiety
F1 = : 10,
Where “38” is a normalizing constant,
L, O, Q 4, C, H, Q 3 – values of the corresponding factors in the walls.
2. Extraversion
F2 = : 10,
Where “10” is a normalizing constant,
A, E, F, H, Q 2 – values of the corresponding factors in the walls.
3. Emotional lability
F3 = : 10,
Where “77” is a normalizing constant,
C, E, F, N, A, I, M – values of the corresponding factors in the walls.
4. Dominance
F4 = : 10,
Where E, M, Q 1, Q 2, A, G are the values of the corresponding factors in the walls.
The walls are distributed on a bipolar scale with extreme values of 1 and 10 points. Accordingly, the first half of the scale (from 1 to 5.5) is assigned the “–” sign, and the second half (from 5.5 to 10) the “+” sign. From the available indicators for all 16 factors, the so-called “personality profile” is built. When interpreting, attention is paid, first of all, to the “peaks” of the profile, that is, the lowest and highest values of factors in the profile, especially those indicators that in the “negative” pole are in the range from 1 to 3, and in the “positive” – from 8 to 10 walls.
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Cattell's (Cettell) test. Cattell's 16-factor personality questionnaire. 16 FLO-105-S
Scales: isolation - sociability, concrete thinking - abstract thinking, emotional instability - emotional stability, subordination - dominance, restraint - expressiveness, low normative behavior - high normative behavior, timidity - courage, realism - sensitivity, suspicion - gullibility, practicality - daydreaming, straightforwardness - insight, calm - anxiety, conservatism - radicalism, dependence on the group - independence, low self-control - high self-control, relaxation - emotional tension
Purpose of the test
Assessment of individual psychological characteristics of a person.
This version of the Cattell questionnaire (Form C) has been adapted since 1972 in the research group of E.S. Chugunova at the Department of Social Psychology of Leningrad State University (Leningrad State University) under the leadership of I.M. Paley by employees A.N. Kapustina, L.V. Murgulets and N.G. Chumakova.
1. I think that my memory is better now than it was before.
2. it's hard to say
2. I could easily live alone, away from people.
3. If we assume that the sky is “down” and that it is “hot” in winter, I would have to name the culprit:
1. bandit
4. When I go to bed, then:
1. I fall asleep quickly
2. when how
3. I have difficulty falling asleep
5. If I were driving a car on a road where there are many other cars, I would prefer:
1. let most cars pass ahead
2. I don’t know
3. overtake all cars ahead
6. In company, I give others the opportunity to joke and tell all sorts of stories.
7. It is important to me that there is no disorder in everything around me.
2. it's hard to say
3. incorrect
8. Most people with whom I am in company are undoubtedly glad to see me.
9. My favorites are:
1. figure skating and ballet
2. I find it difficult to say
3. wrestling and rugby
10. I am amused by the discrepancy between what people do and what they then say about it.
11. When reading about any incident, I am interested in all the details.
12. When friends make fun of me, I laugh along with everyone and don’t get offended.
2. I don’t know
3. incorrect
13. If someone is rude to me, I can quickly forget about it.
2. I don’t know
3. incorrect
14. I like to come up with new ways to do some work rather than stick to tried and tested techniques.
2. I don’t know
3. incorrect
15. When I plan something, I prefer to do it myself, without anyone's help.
16. I think that I am less sensitive and less excitable than most people.
2. I find it difficult to answer
3. incorrect
17. I am annoyed by people who cannot make decisions quickly.
2. when how
3. incorrect
18. Sometimes, although briefly, I had a feeling of irritation towards my parents.
2. I don’t know
19. I would rather reveal my innermost thoughts:
1. to your good friends
2. I don’t know
3. in your diary
20. I think the word opposite in meaning to the opposite of “inaccurate” is:
1. careless
2. thorough
3. approximate
21. I always have enough energy when I need it.
2. it's hard to say
22. I am more irritated by people who:
1. their rude jokes make people blush
2. I find it difficult to answer
3. create inconvenience when they are late for an arranged meeting with me
23. I really like inviting guests over and entertaining them.
2. I don’t know
3. incorrect
24. I think that:
1. you can’t do everything equally carefully
2. I find it difficult to say
3. any work should be done carefully if you undertake it
25. I usually have to overcome embarrassment.
26. My friends are more often.
1. consult with me
2. do both
3. give me advice equally
27. If a friend deceives me in small things, I would rather pretend that I didn’t notice it than expose him.
28. I prefer friends:
1. whose interests are of a business and practical nature
2. I don’t know
3. who have a philosophical outlook on life
29. I cannot listen indifferently to how other people express ideas that are opposite to those in which I firmly believe.
2. I find it difficult to say
3. incorrect
30. I worry about my past actions and mistakes.
2. I don’t know
31. If I could do both equally well, I would prefer:
1. play chess
2. I find it difficult to say
3. play town
32. I like sociable, sociable people.
2. I don’t know
33. I am so careful and practical that fewer unpleasant surprises happen to me than to other people.
2. I find it difficult to say
34. I can forget about my worries and responsibilities when I need it.
35. It can be difficult for me to admit that I am wrong.
36. At the enterprise it would be more interesting for me:
1. work with machines and mechanisms and participate in the main production
2. it's hard to say
3. talk to people while doing social work
37. Which word is not connected with the other two?
38. Something that distracts my attention to some extent:
1. irritates me
2. something in between
3. doesn't bother me at all
39. If I had a lot of money, then I:
1. would take care not to arouse envy
2. I don’t know
3. I would live without constraining myself in anything
40. Worst punishment for me:
1. hard work
2. I don’t know
3. being locked in alone
41. People must observe moral standards more than now.
42. I was told that as a child I was:
1. calm and liked to be alone
2. it's hard to say
3. alive and active and I couldn’t be left alone
43. I would prefer to work with instruments.
2. I don’t know
44. I think that most witnesses in court tell the truth, even if it is not easy for them.
2. it's hard to say
45. Sometimes I hesitate to implement my ideas because they seem impossible to me.
2. I find it difficult to answer
3. incorrect
46. I try not to laugh at jokes as loudly as most people.
2. I don’t know
3. incorrect
47. I have never felt so unhappy that I wanted to cry.
2. I don’t know
3. incorrect
48. I like it better
1. march performed by a brass band
2. I don’t know
3. piano music
49. I would rather spend a vacation
1. in the village with one or two friends
2. I find it difficult to say
3. leading a group in a tourist camp
50. Efforts expended on making plans:
1. never superfluous
2. it's hard to say
3. not worth it
51. The rash actions and statements of my friends towards me do not offend or upset me.
2. I don’t know
3. incorrect
52. Successful things seem easy to me.
53. I would prefer to work:
1. in an institution where I would have to manage people and be among them all the time
2. I find it difficult to answer
3. alone, for example an architect who is developing his project
54. A house is to a room like a tree:
2. to the plant
3. to the sheet
55. What I do doesn’t work for me:
2. from time to time
56. In most cases I prefer:
1. take a risk
2. when how
3. act for sure
57. Some people probably think that I talk too much.
1. most likely this is true
2. I don’t know
3. I think that's not true
58. I like the person better:
1. great intelligence, even if it is unreliable and fickle
2. it's hard to say
3. with average abilities, but able to resist all temptations
59. I make decisions
1. faster than many people
2. I don’t know
3. slower than most people
60. They make a great impression on me.
1. skill and grace
2. it's hard to say
3. strength and power
61. I consider myself a cooperative person
2. I don’t know
62. I prefer to talk with refined, refined people than with frank and straightforward ones.
2. I don’t know
63. I prefer
1. resolve issues affecting me personally
2. I find it difficult to answer
3. consult with my friends
64. If a person does not respond to my words, then I feel that I must have said something stupid.
2. I don’t know
3. incorrect
65. During my school years I gained the most knowledge.
1. in class
2. I don’t know
3. reading books
66. I avoid social work and the associated responsibilities.
3. incorrect
67. If a very difficult question requires a lot of effort from me, then I:
1. I’ll start working on another issue
2. I find it difficult to say
3. I’ll try to solve this issue again
68. I have strong emotions: anxiety, anger, fits of laughter, etc., seemingly for no specific reason.
69. Sometimes I think worse than usual.
2. I don’t know
3. incorrect
70. I am pleased to do a person a favor by agreeing to schedule a meeting with him at a time convenient for him, even if it is. A little inconvenient for me.
71. I think the correct number to continue the series 1, 2, 3, 6, 5, ... is:
72. Sometimes I have short-term attacks of nausea and dizziness for no specific reason.
2. very rarely
73. I prefer to refuse my order rather than cause unnecessary anxiety to the waiter or waitress.
74. I live for today more than other people.
2. it's hard to say
3. incorrect
75. At a party I like:
1. take part in an interesting business conversation
2. I find it difficult to answer
3. relax with everyone
76. I express my opinion regardless of who is listening to me:
77. If I could travel back in time, I would like to meet:
1. Newton
2. I don’t know
3. Shakespeare
78. I have to restrain myself from settling other people's affairs.
79. Working in a store, I would prefer:
1. decorate shop windows
2. I don’t know
3. be a cashier
80. If people think badly of me, I don’t try to convince them, but continue to act as I see fit.
2. it's hard to say
81. If I see that my old friend is cold towards me and avoids me, I usually:
1. I immediately think: “He’s in a bad mood”
2. I don’t know
3. I start thinking about what wrong thing I did.
82. Many troubles occur because of people:
1. who try to make changes to everything, although there are already satisfactory ways to solve these issues
2. I don’t know
3. who reject new, promising offers
83. I get great pleasure from reporting local news.
3. incorrect
84. Neat, demanding people do not get along with me.
3. incorrect
85. It seems to me that I am less irritable than most people.
2. I don’t know
3. incorrect
87. There are times when I don’t want to talk to anyone all morning.
3. never
88. If the hands of a clock meet exactly every 65 minutes, measured by an accurate clock, then this clock:
1. are lagging behind
2. go right
89. I get bored:
90. People say that I like to do things in my own original way.
3. incorrect
91. I believe that unnecessary worries should be avoided because they are tiring.
92. At home in my free time I:
1. taking a break from everything
2. I find it difficult to answer
3. doing interesting things
93. I am cautious about making friends with strangers.
94. I believe that what people say in poetry can just as accurately be expressed in prose.
2. I find it difficult to answer
95. It seems to me that people with whom I am on friendly terms may not turn out to be friends behind my back.
96. It seems to me that the most dramatic events in a year will not leave any traces in my soul.
2. I don’t know
97. I think it's more interesting:
1. work with plants
2. I don’t know
3. be an insurance agent
98. I am subject to superstitions and unreasonable fear in relation to certain things, for example, certain animals, places, dates, etc.
99. I love to think about how the world could be a better place.
2. it's hard to say
100. I prefer games:
1. where you need to play in a team or have a partner
2. I don’t know
3. where everyone plays for themselves
101. At night I have fantastic and ridiculous dreams.
102. If I am left alone in the house, then after a while I feel anxiety and fear.
103. I can mislead people with my friendly attitude, although in reality I don’t like them.
104. Which word does not apply to the other two?
3. hear
105. If Mary's mother is the sister of Alexander's father, then who is Alexander in relation to Mary's father?
1. cousin
2. nephew
Processing key
Calculate the scores for each factor.
| Factor | ||||||||
| M.D. | 1 a in | 18 in s | 35 in s | 52 a b | 69 in s | 86 in s | 103 in s | |
| A | 2 in s | 19 a c | 36v s | 53 a b | 70 a v | 87 in s | ||
| B | 3 in | 20 s | 37 in | 54 s | 71 a | 88 s | 104 a 105 in | |
| C | 4 a b | 21 a c | 38 in s | 55 a b | 72 in s | 89 in s | ||
| E | 5 in s | 22 Vs | 39 a b | 56 a b | 73 in s | 90 a v | ||
| F | 6 in s | 23 a v | 40 Vs | 57 a b | 74 a b | 91 in s | ||
| G | 7 a c | 24 Vs | 41 a b | 58 in s | 75 a v | 92 in s | ||
| H | 8 a b | 25 Vs | 42 in s | 59 a b | 76 a in | 93 in s | ||
| I | 9 a c | 26 a b | 43 in s | 60 a v | 77 in s | 94 in s | ||
| L | 10 a v | 27 in s | 44 in s | 61 in s | 78 a in | 95 a b | ||
| M | 11 in s | 28 in s | 45 a b | 62 a b | 79 a b | 96 in s | ||
| N | 12 Vs | 29 a b | 46 a b | 63 a in | 80 Vs | 97 in s | ||
| O | 13 in s | 30 a v | 47 in s | 64 a b | 81 in s | 98 a b | ||
| Q 1 | 14 a b | 31 a in | 48 in s | 65 in s | 82 in s | 99 a b | ||
| Q 2 | 15 a v | 32 in s | 49 a b | 66 a in | 83 in s | 100 Vs | ||
| Q 3 | 16 a b | 33 a in | 50 av | 67 in s | 84 in s | 101 in s | ||
| Q 4 | 17 a b | 34 in s | 51 in s | 68 a in | 85 in s | 102 a b |
2. Checking the test results for sincerity. Processing of test results begins with checking the test subject's answers for sincerity (according to the MD indicator). If the MD value is > 9, it is considered that the subject answered the questions insincerely, or did not want to cooperate with the experimenter and gave answers at random, without thinking about them. In this case, the test results are considered unreliable and no further processing or interpretation is performed.
If the MD value is 5 – 8, the reliability of the test result is questioned. The experimenter decides on the possibility of further processing of research data, based on the goals and objectives of the psychodiagnostic examination (research).
The value of the MD indicator 1 – 4 points characterizes the truthfulness of the subject. The following stages of the test methodology are carried out: transfer to walls (conditional points on a 10-point scale), construction of the subject’s personal profile, analysis and interpretation of data from a psychodiagnostic examination (research).
| Factors | Walls | |||||||||
| Low | Average | High | ||||||||
| A | 0-4 | - | ||||||||
| B | 0-2 | - | - | - | - | 7-8 | ||||
| C | 0-3 | |||||||||
| E | 0-1 | 10-12 | ||||||||
| F | 0-1 | - | 10-12 | |||||||
| G | 0-3 | |||||||||
| H | 0-3 | |||||||||
| I | 0-3 | |||||||||
| L | 0-1 | - | - | 8-12 | ||||||
| M | 0-3 | - | 11-12 | |||||||
| N | 0-1 | 10-12 | ||||||||
| O | 0-1 | 10-12 | ||||||||
| Q 1 | 0-4 | - | ||||||||
| Q 2 | 0-2 | - | 10-12 | |||||||
| Q 3 | 0-2 | 11-12 | ||||||||
| Q 4 | 0-1 | 6-7 | 11-12 | |||||||
| M.D. | 0-2 | 11-12 |
Descriptions of factors
Primary factors
I. Factor “A” (focused on determining the degree of sociability of a person in a group)
For high factor values (8-10 walls) characterized by richness and brightness of emotional manifestations, naturalness, responsiveness, ease of behavior, willingness to cooperate, sensitive, attentive attitude towards people, kindness and kindness. Prefers to work with people, easily joins active groups, and is generous in personal relationships. He is not afraid of criticism, remembers faces, events, surnames, first names and patronymics well.
Low factor values (less than 4) indicate the absence of living, quivering emotions. These people are cold, harsh, and formal in their contacts. They are withdrawn, not interested in the lives of those around them, and alienate people. They try to work alone, avoid group events, and do not compromise. They prefer to deal with objects, things, rather than people. In business, they are precise and obligatory, but not flexible enough, especially in their assessments of people.
It should be borne in mind that there are no good and bad indicators, that affectotymia is good, and, say, sisothymia is bad. Each type of activity day has both advantages and disadvantages. Affectotims are preferable in administrative positions that require constant communication with people. Sizotims - where precision, accuracy, and thoroughness of execution are required.
II. Factor "B"
High ratings (more than 7 walls) have persons with a good level of intellectual development, abstract and logical thinking. They quickly grasp new things and have a high level of learning ability.
A person who has low scores on a factor (less than 4) prone to slow learning, has difficulty mastering new concepts, and takes everything literally. Thinking is concrete, imaginative. Prone to guesswork, strives for intuitive rather than logically based decisions. Walls 1–3 reflect a low level of intelligence or decreased function as a result of psychopathology.
III. Factor "C"
| “–” “Weakness of Self” | “+” “The Power of I” |
| weakness, emotional instability, under the influence of feelings, changeable, easily upset, loses balance of spirit when upset, changeable in relationships and unstable in interests, restless, withdraws from public, tends to give in, refuses work, does not enter into arguments in problematic situations , neurotic symptoms, hypochondria, fatigue | strength, emotional stability, self-control, calm, phlegmatic, looks at things soberly, efficient, realistic, emotionally mature, has constant interests, calm, realistically assesses the situation, manages the situation, avoids difficulties, emotional rigidity and insensitivity may occur |
High marks are characteristic of persons who are emotionally mature, who boldly face facts, who are calm, self-confident, and constant in their plans and attachments. They are characterized by high emotional stability. They look at things realistically and are well aware of the demands of reality. They don’t hide their own shortcomings from themselves and don’t get upset over trifles. Able to follow norms and rules of behavior. A high level of the factor allows adaptation even with mental disorders.
Low ratings occur in individuals who are unable to control emotions and impulsive drives. They have reduced emotional control and lack a sense of responsibility. With values of 1-3, the wall is noted to be capricious. Internally, a person feels tired, unable to cope with life's difficulties. They are likely to have low emotional stability, a tendency to neurotic manifestations (sleep disorders, psychosomatic complaints), susceptibility to feelings, and emotional instability.
IV. Factor "E"
High marks but the factor indicates authority, the desire for dominance, independence, independence, ignoring social conventions and authorities. They act boldly and energetically. They defend their rights to independence and demand that others show independence. They do not recognize authority over themselves. Others are blamed for conflicts.
, obedient, conformist, does not know how to defend his point of view, obediently follows the stronger. Gives way to others. He does not believe in himself and his abilities, so he often becomes dependent and takes the blame upon himself. The success of learning is high in all age groups.
V. Factor "F"
| “–” “Restraint” | “+” “Expressiveness” |
| preoccupied, calm, silent, serious, taciturn, prudent, judicious, introspective, caring, thoughtful, uncommunicative, slow, cautious, inclined to complicate, pessimistic in the perception of reality, worries about the future, expects failures, seems boring to others, sluggish, prim | carefree, enthusiastic, inattentive, careless, careless, cheerful, cheerful, impulsive, agile, energetic, talkative, frank, expressive, lively, agile, notes the importance of social contacts, sincere in relationships, emotional, dynamic in communication, often becomes a leader, enthusiast , believes in luck |
High marks according to the factor, they are characteristic of people who are cheerful, active, carefree, and easily perceive life. They believe in luck and their lucky star. Mobile, impulsive. They care little about the future. They strive to live in the center of big cities. They love travel and changes in life. In small groups, leaders are often chosen. Talkative, prone to superficial sociability.
Low ratings indicate caution and restraint, concern, a tendency to complicate everything, to approach everything too seriously and cautiously. Such people live in constant worry about their future, are concerned about their actions, and constantly expect some kind of misfortune. They carefully plan their actions and take measures against possible failures. Reasonable and somewhat dependent. Prone to pessimism.
VI. Factor "G"
| “–” “Low superego” | “+” “High super-ego” |
| susceptible to feelings, disagreement with generally accepted moral norms and standards, fickle, flexible, changeable, distrustful, self-indulgent, careless, lazy, independent, ignores responsibilities, influenced by chance and circumstances, unprincipled, irresponsible, disorganized, possibly antisocial behavior | high standard, strong character, conscientious, persistent, moralist, sedate, balanced, responsible, tenacious, persistent, decisive, trustworthy, emotionally disciplined, collected, conscientious, has a sense of duty, observes moral standards and rules, persistence in achieving goals, accuracy , business orientation |
For high factor values Characterized by such features as a sense of responsibility and duty, the firmness of moral principles. People who have such high values of the factor are precise and careful in their affairs, they love order in everything, they do not break the rules, they follow them literally even when the rules seem to be an empty formality. Good self-control, desire to affirm universal human values.
A person who has a low score on a factor, prone to inconstancy, easily abandons the work he has begun. Lazy, unscrupulous, selfish, with low moral control. Contemptuous of moral values, capable of deception and dishonesty. Low scores on the factor occur in antisocial psychopaths, delinquents and people with low moral qualities.
VII. Factor "N"
| “–” “Trectia” | "+" "Parmia" |
| timidity, indecisiveness, lacking self-confidence, shyness, embarrassed in the presence of others, reserved, fearful, emotional, embittered, irritable, limited, strictly adheres to rules, reacts quickly to danger, increased sensitivity to threat, delicate, attentive to others, prefers to be in the shadows, prefers one or two friends to large society | courage, enterprise, social courage, thick skin, adventurous, risk-taker, sociable, active, obvious interest in the other sex, sensitive, sympathetic, good-natured, impulsive, disinhibited, free-spirited, emotional, artistic interests, carefree, does not understand danger |
High marks indicate stress resistance, immunity to threat, courage, determination, desire for risk and thrills. However, these people are inattentive to details, ignore danger signals, and spend a lot of time talking. They do not experience communication difficulties. They tend to actively communicate and come into contact with people of the opposite sex. They do not get lost when faced with unexpected circumstances. They quickly forget about failures. Individuals with high factor scores are often chosen as leaders in groups where activities involve competition and risk.
For a person with a low score on the factor characterized by instability of behavior in stressful situations. Has a highly sensitive nervous system, reacts sharply to any threat. Such individuals consider themselves extremely timid, unsure of their abilities, and are tormented by an unreasonable feeling of their own inferiority. Slow, restrained in expressing their feelings. Large companies are avoided.
VIII. Factor "I"
| "-" "Harria" | "+" "Premium" |
| low sensitivity, severity, thick skin, does not believe in illusions, rationality, realistic judgments, practicality, some cruelty, unsentimental, expects little from life, courageous, self-confident, takes responsibility, stern (to the point of cynicism), callous in relationships, minor artistic inclinations, without loss of sense of taste, not a dreamer, acts practically and logically, constant, does not pay attention to physical ailments | kindness, tenderness, dependence, sensitivity, over-caution, desire for patronage, restless, fussy, restless, expects attention from others, intrusive, unreliable, seeks help and sympathy, capable of empathy and understanding, kind, tolerant of oneself and others, sophisticated, cutesy, pompous, feigned, prone to romanticism, artistic, flighty, acts by intuition, feminine, fantasizes in conversation and alone, changeable, hypochondriac, worries about his health, artistic perception of the world |
High score by factor is an indicator of sensitivity, softness, dreaminess, sophistication, exemplary, artistic perception of the world. These individuals do not like “rude people” and “rough work.” They love traveling, have a rich imagination and aesthetic taste. Works of fiction influence their lives more than real events. Their behavior exhibits traits of theatricality and sometimes anxiety. Artists, performers, and musicians score high on the factor.
Low ratings characteristic of persons who are courageous, emotionally stable, stern, practical, and realistic. They trust reason more than feeling. In relation to others, rigidity and a desire to direct the group along the “correct” realistic path are possible. They are skeptical about the humanities and the creation of spiritual values.
IX. Factor "L"
| “–” “Alaxia” | "+" "Protencia" |
| trusting, frank, feeling of insignificance, agrees with the conditions, internal relaxation, complains about changes, unsuspicious, free from dependence, easily forgets difficulties, understands, forgives, tolerant, accommodating, benevolent towards others, careless about comments, flexible, gets along well with people, works well in a team | suspiciousness, jealousy, “protection” and internal tension, envious, great self-importance, dogmatism, suspiciousness, dwells on failures, tyrant, requires others to bear responsibility for mistakes, irritable, his interests are turned to himself, cautious in his actions, self-centered |
from the very beginning, all people are approached with prejudice and wariness. They are looking for tricks everywhere. They don't trust anyone. They consider their friends capable of dishonesty and are not frank with them. In a team they tend to stand apart and envy other people’s successes. They think they are underestimated. In relationships with people they are persistent, but irritable and do not tolerate competition. They have high self-esteem. They often show suspiciousness, suspicion, and caution. Most often they do not care about others.
A person with a low score on a factor considers all people to be kind and good. He openly talks about himself even to people he barely knows, and easily trusts them with his innermost dreams and material values. Self-esteem is realistic. In a team he is friendly, cheerful and friendly. He is not envious, shows sincere concern for his comrades, does not strive to stand out or attract attention. Negative emotions that arise quickly fade away. By occupation, a high level of the factor is typical for administrators, pilots, and lawyers. Low level - for athletes, office workers, service workers.
X. Factor "M"
| “–” “Praxernia” | “+” “Autia” |
| practical, firm, little imagination, down-to-earth aspirations, quickly solves practical problems, busy with his own interests, prosaic, avoids everything unusual, follows generally accepted norms, reliable in practical judgment, honest, conscientious, restless, has some limitations, is overly attentive to details, guided objective reality | dreamy, idealistic, imaginative, bohemian, absent-minded, preoccupied with ideas, interested in art and core beliefs, caught up in internal illusions, highly creative, capricious, easily disturbed by common sense, unbalanced, easily enraptured |
High marks characteristic of people with a rich imagination, dreamers, self-absorbed, head-in-the-clouds. They are characterized by autism, they are eccentric, unique, and focused on their own desires. An original worldview, daydreaming, creative imagination, unique behavior, ignoring generally accepted norms. Due to self-centered interests, such people are most often rejected by the group. Among such persons there are many gifted people. Artists, musicians, and writers have average scores on the factor.
Low ratings are characteristic of mature, balanced, sensible people who soberly assess circumstances and people. They follow the requirements of objective reality and generally accepted standards of behavior. Conscientious. However, in unexpected non-standard situations they often lack imagination and resourcefulness.
XI. Factor "N"
Individuals with high scores on the factor characterized by artificiality, sophistication, prudence, and adherence to principles. Do not give in to emotional impulses. They behave correctly, politely, aloofly, and somewhat ambitiously. They approach everything wisely. They construct their behavior cunningly and skillfully. They are skeptical about slogans and appeals. Prone to intrigue. In communication they are gentle, polite, and watch their speech and manners.
Low ratings indicate rudeness, tactlessness, straightforwardness. These are usually open, naive people. Sociable, sociable. Poor understanding of the motives for the behavior of others. They take everything on faith and are easily inspired by common hobbies. Sentimental, sensitive, spontaneous. They do not know how to be cunning and deceitful, they behave naturally, simply and rudely.
XII. Factor "O"
| “–” “Hyperthymia” | “+” “Hypotymia” |
| carelessness, self-confidence, arrogance, calm, serenity, complacency, composure, cheerful, cheerful, unrepentant, placid, calm, insensitive to the approval or censure of others, careless, energetic, fearless, thoughtless | guilt, full of anxiety and apprehension, self-flagellation, self-doubt, vulnerable, worried, depressed, depressed, easily cries, easily hurt, lonely, at the mercy of moods, impressionable, strong sense of duty, sensitive to the reactions of others, meticulous, fussy, hypochondriac, symptoms of fear, immersed in dark thoughts |
Individuals with high scores on the factor invariably preoccupied with something, always depressed, anxious, weighed down by bad forebodings. They are prone to self-reproach, self-accusation, and underestimate their capabilities. They belittle their competence. knowledge and abilities. They feel insecure and uncomfortable in society. They behave too modestly, withdrawn and isolated.
Low ratings are typical for people who are cheerful, cheerful, satisfied with life, confident in their successes and their capabilities. They respond vividly to all current events. Find interest in everyday life. They are insensitive to group disapproval and thus can cause antipathy towards themselves.
XIII. Factor "Q1"
Individuals with high scores on this factor have diverse intellectual interests, strive to be well informed about scientific and political issues, but they do not take any information for granted. Radical. They are skeptical about everything and do not trust authorities. They easily change their point of view and calmly perceive new ideas and changes. They are distinguished by critical thinking and tolerance of ambiguities.
Low ratings characteristic of conservative, rigid people who do not like change. These are persons of established opinions, norms and rules. They greet everything new with hostility, because it seems absurd and meaningless to them. Prone to exaggeration, moralizing and teaching. All harm, in their opinion, comes from people who violate traditions and principles.
XIV. Factor "Q2"
Persons with high scores According to this factor, they are independent, independent, prefer to do everything themselves. They are characterized by self-sufficiency. They make decisions themselves, achieve their implementation, and bear responsibility themselves. They are ready to sacrifice any comfort just to maintain their independence. In their actions and deeds they do not take public opinion into account. This is not to say that they do not like people, they just do not need their approval and support.
Low ratings indicate lack of independence, dependence, attachment to the group. These people are group-oriented and need support, support from others, advice and approval. There is no initiative and courage in choosing your own line of behavior.
XV. Factor "Q3"
High marks indicate organization and the ability to control one’s emotions and behavior well. Such a person acts systematically and orderly, and does not scatter himself. High self-control is based on clearly understood goals and motives for behavior. He finishes what he starts. He is well aware of social requirements and tries to fulfill them. Cares about his reputation. Trustworthy managers score high on this factor.
Low ratings by factor indicate weak will and poor self-control (especially over desires). The activities of such persons are disordered and chaotic. They often get lost. Careless. They do not know how to organize their time and the order of work. They often leave a task unfinished and take on something else without sufficient thought.
Factor Q3 is important for predicting the success of activities. Correlates with success in technology, mathematics, and organizational activities, where balance, objectivity and determination are required.
XVI. Factor "Q4"
High marks indicate tension, excitement, unsatisfied aspirations. A person with such indicators is restless, excited, restless. Feels overwhelmed and tired, but cannot remain idle, even in an environment favorable for relaxation. This condition is characterized by emotional instability, low mood, irritability and intolerance. In group activities, he neglects such aspects as unity, order, leadership.
Low ratings talk about weakness, lack of motivation and desires. Persons with such a factor assessment are indifferent to their successes and failures. Unfrustrated, unperturbed, calm. They do not strive for change and achievement.
Secondary factors
I. Factor "F1"
II. Factor "F2"
III. Factor "F3"
IV. Factor "F4"
Scales: isolation - sociability, concrete thinking - abstract thinking, emotional instability - emotional stability, subordination - dominance, restraint - expressiveness, low normative behavior - high normative behavior, timidity - courage, realism - sensitivity, suspicion - gullibility, practicality - daydreaming, straightforwardness - insight, calm - anxiety, conservatism - radicalism, dependence on the group - independence, low self-control - high self-control, relaxation - emotional tension
Purpose of the test
Assessment of individual psychological characteristics of a person.
Instructions for the test
You are asked a series of questions that will help determine some of the properties of your personality. There are no “right” or “wrong” answers here. People are different, and everyone can express their opinion.
When answering each question, you must choose one of the three proposed answers - the one that most closely matches your views, your opinion about yourself.
If anything is not clear to you, ask the experimenter. When answering questions, always remember:
1. There is no need to spend a lot of time thinking about answers. Give the answer that comes to your mind first. Of course, questions will often not be formulated in as much detail as you would like. In this case, try to imagine the “average”, most common situation that corresponds to the meaning of the question and, based on this, choose an answer. You need to answer as accurately as possible, but not too slowly.
2. Try not to resort to intermediate, vague answers (such as “I don’t know,” “something in between,” etc.) too often.
3. Be sure to answer all the questions in a row, without missing anything. Perhaps some questions may not seem very precisely formulated to you, but even then try to find the most accurate answer. Some questions may seem personal to you, but you can be sure that the answers will not be disclosed. The answers can only be deciphered using a special “key” held by the experimenter. Moreover, the answers to each individual question will not be considered at all. We are only interested in generalized indicators
4. Do not try to make a good impression with your answers; they must correspond to reality. In this case, you will be able to get to know yourself better and will greatly help us in our work. Thank you in advance for your help in developing the technique.
Test
1. I understood the instructions for this questionnaire well:
1. yes;
2. not sure;
3. no.
2. I am ready to answer the questions as sincerely as possible:
1. yes;
2. not sure;
3. no.
3. I would prefer to have a dacha:
1. in a busy holiday village;
2. would prefer something in between;
3. secluded, in the forest.
4. I can find enough strength within myself to cope with life’s difficulties:
1. always;
2. usually;
3. rarely.
5. When I see wild animals, I feel uneasy, even if they are safely hidden in cages:
1. yes, that's true;
2. not sure;
3. no, that's incorrect.
6. I refrain from criticizing people and their views:
1. yes;
2. sometimes;
3. no.
7. I make harsh, critical comments to people if I think they deserve it:
1. usually;
2. sometimes;
3. I never do.
8. I prefer simple classical music to modern popular melodies:
1. yes, that's true;
2. not sure;
3. no, that's incorrect.
9. If I saw two neighbor children fighting, I:
1. would leave them to sort out their relationship themselves;
2. I don’t know what I would do;
3. I would try to understand their quarrel.
10. At meetings and in companies:
1. I easily come forward;
2. something in between is true;
3. I prefer to stay away.
11. In my opinion, it is more interesting to be:
1. design engineer;
2. I don’t know what to prefer;
3. playwright.
12. On the street, I would rather stop to watch an artist work than watch a street quarrel:
1. yes, that's true;
2. not sure;
3. no, that's incorrect.
13. I usually tolerate complacent people, even when they brag or otherwise show that they have a high opinion of themselves:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
14. If a person is deceiving, I can almost always notice it by the expression on his face:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
15. I believe that the most boring daily work should always be completed, even if it seems that this is not necessary:
1. I agree,
2. not sure
3. I don’t agree.
16. I would rather get to work:
1. where you can earn a lot, even if earnings are not constant;
2. I don’t know what to choose;
3. with a constant, but relatively low salary.
17. I talk about my feelings:
1. only if necessary;
2. something in between is true,
3. willingly when given the opportunity.
18. Occasionally I experience a feeling of sudden fear or vague anxiety, I don’t know why:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
19. When I am unfairly criticized for something that is not my fault:
1. I don’t have any feelings of guilt;
2. something in between is true;
3. I still feel a little guilty.
20. At work, I have more difficulty with people who:
1. refuse to use modern methods;
2. I don’t know what to choose;
3. are constantly trying to change something in work that is already going well.
21. When making decisions, I am guided more by:
1. heart;
2. heart and mind in equal measure;
3. reason.
22. People would be happier if they spent more time with their friends:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
23. When making plans for the future, I often count on luck:
1. yes;
2. I find it difficult to answer;
3. no.
24. When talking, I am inclined to:
1. express your thoughts as soon as they come to mind;
2. something in between is true;
3. First, gather your thoughts well.
25. Even if I’m very angry about something, I calm down pretty quickly:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
26. With equal working hours and the same salary, it would be more interesting for me to work:
1. a carpenter or cook;
2. I don’t know what to choose;
3. a waiter in a good restaurant.
27. I had:
1. very few elected positions;
2. several;
3. many elected positions.
28. “Shovel” is related to “dig” as “knife” is to:
1. spicy;
2. cut;
3. sharpen.
29. Sometimes some thought doesn’t let me sleep:
1. yes, that's true;
2. not sure;
3. no, that's incorrect.
30. In my life, as a rule, I achieve the goals that I set for myself:
1. yes, that's true;
2. not sure;
3. no, that's incorrect.
31. The outdated law must be changed:
1. only after thorough discussion;
2. something in between is true;
3. immediately.
32. I feel uncomfortable when things require me to take quick actions that somehow affect other people:
1. yes, that's true;
2. not sure;
3. no, that's incorrect.
33. Most of my friends consider me a cheerful interlocutor:
1. yes;
2. not sure;
3. no.
34. When I see unkempt, sloppy people:
1. I don't care;
2. something in between is true;
3. they cause me hostility and disgust.
35. I feel a little lost when I suddenly find myself in the spotlight:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
36. I am always happy to join a large company, for example, meet friends in the evening, go dancing, take part in an interesting social event:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
37. At school I preferred:
1. music lessons (singing);
2. I find it difficult to say;
3. classes in workshops, manual labor.
38. If I am appointed responsible for something, I insist that my orders be strictly followed, otherwise I refuse the assignment:
1. yes;
2. sometimes;
3. no.
39. It is more important that parents:
1. contributed to the subtle development of feelings in their children;
2. something in between is true;
3. taught children to manage their feelings.
40. When participating in teamwork, I would prefer:
1. try to make improvements in the organization of work;
2. something in between is true;
3. keep records and ensure that rules are followed.
41. From time to time I feel the need to do something that requires significant physical effort:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
42. I would prefer to treat people polite and delicate than rude and straightforward:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
43. When I am criticized in public, it extremely depresses me:
1. yes, that's true;
2. something in between is true;
3. this is not true.
44. If my boss calls me to his office, I:
1. I use this occasion to ask for what I need;
2. something in between is true;
3. I'm worried that I did something wrong.
45. I believe that people should think very seriously before abandoning the experience of previous years, past centuries:
1. yes;
2. not sure;
3. no.
46. When reading something, I am always well aware of the author’s hidden intention to convince me of something:
1. yes;
2. not sure;
3. no.
47. When I was in grades 7-10, I participated in the school’s sports life:
1. quite often;
2. from case to case;
3. very rarely.
48. I keep my house in good order and almost always know what is where:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
49. When I think about what happened during the day, I often feel anxious:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
50. Sometimes I doubt whether the people I talk to are really interested in what I say:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
51. If I had to choose, I would rather be:
1. forester;
2. difficult to choose;
3. high school teacher.
52. For birthdays, for holidays:
1. I like to give gifts;
2. I find it difficult to answer;
3. I think that buying gifts is a somewhat unpleasant task.
53. “Tired” is to “work” as “proud” is to:
1. smile;
2. success;
3. happy.
54. Which of these words does not fit the other two:
1. candle;
2. moon;
3. lamp.
55. My friends:
1. they didn’t let me down;
2. occasionally;
3. Let down quite often.
56. I have the following qualities in which I am definitely superior to other people:
1. yes;
2. not sure;
3. no.
57. When I'm upset, I try my best to hide my feelings from others:
1. yes, that's true;
2. rather something in between;
3. this is not true.
58. I would like to go to the cinema, to various performances and other places where I can have fun:
1. more than once a week (more often than most people);
2. about once a week (like most);
3. less than once a week (less often than most).
59. I think that personal freedom in behavior is more important than good manners and adherence to the rules of etiquette:
1. yes;
2. not sure;
3. no.
60. In the presence of people more important than me (people older than me, or with more experience, or with a higher position), I tend to behave modestly:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
61. I find it difficult to tell something to a large group of people or speak in front of a large audience:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
62. I can navigate well in unfamiliar areas, I can easily tell where is north, where is south, east or west:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
63. If someone were angry with me:
1. I would try to calm him down;
2. I don’t know what I would do;
3. it would irritate me.
64. When I see an article that I consider unfair, I am more inclined to forget about it than to respond indignantly to the author:
1. yes, that's true;
2. not sure;
3. no, that's incorrect.
65. Insignificant little things do not stay in my memory for long, for example, the names of streets and shops:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
66. I might like the profession of a veterinarian who treats and operates on animals:
1. yes;
2. difficult to say;
3. no.
67. I eat with pleasure and am not always as careful about my manners as other people do:
1. yes, that's true;
2. not sure;
3. no, that's incorrect.
68. There are times when I don’t want to meet anyone:
1. very rarely;
2. something in between is true;
3. quite often.
69. Sometimes they tell me that my voice and appearance reveal my excitement too clearly:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
70. When I was a teenager and my opinions differed from those of my parents, I usually:
1. remained unconvinced;
2. average between a and b;
3. yielded, recognizing their authority.
71. I would like to work in a separate room, rather than with colleagues:
1. yes;
2. not sure;
3. no.
72. I would rather live quietly, as I please, than to be admired for my successes:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
73. In many respects, I consider myself a quite mature person:
1. yes, that's true;
2. not sure;
3. no, that's incorrect.
74. Criticism, the way many people carry it out, unsettles me rather than helps me:
1. often;
2. occasionally;
3. never.
75. I am always able to strictly control the manifestation of my feelings:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
76. If I made a useful invention, I would prefer:
1. work on it further in the laboratory;
2. difficult to choose;
3. take care of its practical use.
77. “Surprise” is to “unusual” as “fear” is to:
1. brave;
2. restless;
3. terrible.
78. Which of the following fractions does not fit the other two:
1. 3/7,
2. 3/9
3. 3/11.
79. It seems to me that some people don’t notice or avoid me, although I don’t know why:
1. yes, that's right;
2. not sure;
3. no, that's incorrect.
80. People treat me less kindly than I deserve by my kind attitude towards them:
1. very often;
2. sometimes;
3. never.
81. The use of obscene expressions is always disgusting to me (even if there are no persons of the other sex):
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
82. I certainly have fewer friends than most people:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
83. I really don’t like being in places where there is no one to talk to:
1. true;
2. not sure;
3. incorrect.
84. People sometimes call me frivolous, although they consider me a pleasant person:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
85. In various situations in society, I experienced excitement similar to that experienced by a person before going on stage:
1. quite often;
2. occasionally;
3. hardly ever.
86. When I am in a small group of people, I am content to stay away and mostly let others do the talking:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
87. I prefer to read:
1. realistic descriptions of acute military or political conflicts;
2. I don’t know what to choose;
3. a novel that excites the imagination and feelings.
88. When they try to boss me around, I deliberately do the opposite:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
89. If my superiors or family members reproach me for something, then, as a rule, only for the cause:
1. true;
3. incorrect.
90. I don’t like the way some people “stare” and unceremoniously look at a person in a store or on the street:
1. true;
2. something in between is true;
3. incorrect.
91. During a long trip I would prefer:
1. read something difficult but interesting;
2. I don’t know what I would choose;
3. spend time talking with a fellow traveler.
92. There is nothing bad or contrary to good taste in jokes about death:
1. yes, I agree;
2. something in between is true;
3. no, I don’t agree.
93. If my friends treat me badly and do not hide their hostility:
1. this doesn’t depress me at all;
2. something in between is true;
3. I'm losing heart.
94. I feel uneasy when people compliment me and praise me to my face:
1. yes, that's true;
2. something in between is true;
3. no, that's incorrect.
95. I would rather have a job:
1. with a clearly defined and constant income;
2. something in between is true;
3. with a higher salary, which would depend on my efforts and productivity.
96. I find it easier to solve a difficult question or problem:
1. if I discuss them with others;
2. something in between is true;
3. if I think about them alone.
97. I willingly participate in public life, in the work of various commissions:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
98. When performing any work, I do not rest until even the most insignificant details are taken into account:
1. true;
2. average between a and b;
3. incorrect.
99. Sometimes very minor obstacles irritate me very much:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
100. I sleep soundly, I never talk in my sleep:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
101. If I worked in the economic sector, I would be more interested in:
1. talk with customers, clients;
2. I choose something in between;
3. maintain accounts and other documentation.
102. “Size” is to “length” as “dishonest” is to:
1. prison;
2. sinful;
3. stole.
103. AB is to GW as SR is to:
1. software;
2. OP;
3. TU.
104. When people behave unreasonably and recklessly:
1. I take this calmly;
2. something in between is true;
3. I feel contempt for them.
105. When I listen to music and someone is talking loudly next to me:
1. it doesn’t bother me, I can concentrate;
2. something in between is true;
3. It spoils my fun and makes me angry.
106. I think it would be more correct to say about me that I:
1. polite and calm;
2. something in between is true;
3. energetic and assertive.
107. I believe that:
1. you need to live according to the principle “time for business - time for fun”;
2. something between a and b;
3. You need to live cheerfully, without particularly worrying about tomorrow.
108. It is better to be cautious and expect little than to rejoice in advance, anticipating success in the depths of your soul:
1. agree;
2. not sure;
3. I don’t agree.
109. If I think about possible difficulties in my work:
1. I try to make a plan in advance on how to deal with them;
2. something in between is true;
3. I think I can handle them when they appear.
110. I easily get used to any society:
1. yes;
2. not sure;
3. no.
111. When you need a little diplomacy and the ability to convince people of something, they usually turn to me:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
112. I would be more interested in:
1. advise young people, help them choose a job;
2. I find it difficult to answer;
3. work as an engineer-economist.
113. If I am absolutely sure that a person is acting unfairly or selfishly, I tell him about it, even if this threatens me with some trouble:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
114. Sometimes I make some stupid remark as a joke just to surprise people and see what they have to say:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
115. I would love to work for a newspaper as a columnist for theatrical productions, concerts, etc.:
1. yes;
2. not sure;
3. no.
116. If I have to sit for a long time in a meeting without talking or moving, I never feel the need to draw anything or fidget in my chair:
1. agree;
2. not sure;
3. I don’t agree.
117. If someone tells me something that I know is not true, I would rather think:
1. “he is a liar”;
2. something in between is true;
3. “apparently he was misinformed.”
118. I have a feeling that some kind of punishment awaits me, even if I have not done anything wrong:
1. often;
2. sometimes;
3. never.
119. The opinion that diseases are caused by mental causes to the same extent as physical (bodily) ones is greatly exaggerated:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
120. Solemnity and beauty must be preserved in any important state ceremony:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
121. It’s unpleasant for me if people think that I am too uncontrollable and neglect the rules of decency:
1. very;
2. a little;
3. doesn't bother me at all.
122. When working on something, I would rather do this:
1. in a team;
2. I don’t know what I would choose;
3. independently.
123. There are times when it is difficult to resist feeling sorry for yourself:
1. often;
2. sometimes;
3. never.
124. People often make me angry too quickly:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
125. I can always get rid of old habits without much difficulty and never return to them:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
126. Given the same salary, I would prefer to be:
1. lawyer;
2. I find it difficult to choose;
3. navigator or pilot.
127. “Better” is to “worst” as “slower” is to:
1. fast;
2. best;
3. fastest.
128. Which of the following combinations of characters should continue with ХOOOOХХХХХХХ:
1. OXXX;
2. OOXX;
3. XOOO.
129. When the time comes to do something that I have planned and waited for in advance, I sometimes feel unable to do it:
1. agree;
2. something in between is true;
3. I don’t agree.
130. I can usually concentrate and work without paying attention to the fact that people around me are very noisy:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
131. It happens that I tell strangers about things that seem important to me, regardless of whether they ask me about it or not:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
132. I spend a lot of free time talking with friends about the pleasant events that we once experienced together:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
133. I enjoy doing risky things just for fun:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
134. The sight of an uncleaned room really irritates me:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
135. I consider myself a very sociable (open) person:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
136. In communicating with people:
1. I don’t try to restrain my feelings;
2. something in between is true;
3. I hide my feelings.
137. I love music:
1. light, lively, coldish;
2. something in between is true;
3. emotionally rich and sentimental.
138. I am more admired by the beauty of the verse than by the beauty and perfection of the weapon:
1. yes;
2. not sure;
3. no.
139. If my successful remark went unnoticed:
1. I don't repeat it;
2. I find it difficult to answer;
3. I repeat my remark again.
140. I would like to work among juvenile offenders who have been released on bail:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
141. More important to me:
1. maintain good relationships with people;
2. something in between is true;
3. Freely express your feelings.
142. On a tourist trip, I would prefer to follow a program compiled by experts rather than plan my route myself:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
143. They rightly think of me that I am a persistent and hardworking person, but I rarely achieve success:
1. yes;
2. not sure;
3. no.
144. If people abuse my goodwill towards them, I am not offended and quickly forget about it:
1. agree;
2. not sure;
3. I don’t agree.
145. If a heated argument broke out in the group:
1. I would be curious who will emerge victorious;
2. something in between is true;
3. I would really like everything to end peacefully.
146. I prefer to plan my affairs myself, without outside interference and other people’s advice:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
147. Sometimes feelings of envy influence my actions,
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
148. I am firmly convinced that the boss may not always be right, but he always has the right to insist on his own:
1. yes;
2. not sure;
3. no.
149. I get nervous when I think about everything that awaits me:
1. yes;
2. sometimes;
3. no.
150. If I participate in some kind of game, and those around me loudly express their thoughts, this does not throw me off balance:
1. agree;
2. not sure;
3. I don’t agree.
151. It seems to me interesting to be:
1. an artist;
2. I don’t know what to choose;
3. director of a theater or film studio.
152. Which of the following words does not fit the other two:
1. any;
2. several;
3. most of it.
153. “Flame” is to “heat” as “rose” is to:
1. spikes;
2. red petals;
3. smell.
154. I have such exciting dreams that I wake up:
1. often;
2. occasionally;
3. almost never.
155. Even if there is a lot against the success of any undertaking, I still think it’s worth taking the risk:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
156. I like situations in which I unwittingly find myself in the role of a leader, because I know better than anyone what the team should do:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
157. I would prefer to dress modestly, like everyone else, rather than flashy and original:
1. agree;
2. not sure;
3. I don’t agree.
158. An evening spent doing something I love attracts me more than a lively party:
1. agree;
2. not sure;
3. I don’t agree.
159. Sometimes I neglect the good advice of people, although I know that I should not do this:
1. occasionally;
2. hardly ever;
3. never.
160. When making decisions, I consider it obligatory for myself to take into account the basic forms of behavior - “what is good and what is bad”:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
161. I don't like it when people watch me work:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
162. It is not always possible to accomplish something using gradual, moderate methods; sometimes it is necessary to use force:
1. agree;
2. something in between is true;
3. I don’t agree.
163. At school I preferred (prefer):
1. Russian language;
2. difficult to say;
3. mathematics.
164. Sometimes I was upset because people spoke ill of me behind my back without any reason:
1. yes;
2. I find it difficult to answer;
3. no.
165. Conversations with ordinary people, bound by conventions and their own habits:
1. are often very interesting and informative;
2. something in between is true;
3. irritate me because the conversation revolves around trifles and lacks depth.
166. Some things make me so angry that I prefer not to talk about them at all:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
167. In education it is more important:
1. surround the child with love and care;
2. something in between is true;
3. develop the child’s desired skills and attitudes.
168. People consider me a calm, balanced person who remains calm under any circumstances:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
169. I think that our society, guided by expediency, must create new customs and throw aside old habits and traditions:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
170. I have had unpleasant experiences due to the fact that, while thinking, I became inattentive:
1. hardly ever;
2. something in between is true;
3. several times.
171. I learn the material better:
1. reading a well-written book;
2. something in between is true;
3. participating in a group discussion.
172. I prefer to act in my own way instead of adhering to generally accepted rules:
1. agree;
2. not sure;
3. I don’t agree.
173. Before expressing my opinion, I prefer to wait until I am completely sure that I am right:
1. always;
2. usually;
3. only if it is practically possible.
174. Sometimes little things get on my nerves unbearably, although I understand that these are trifles:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
175. I don’t often say things on the spur of the moment that I later regret:
1. agree;
2. something in between is true;
3. I don’t agree.
176. If I were asked to organize a collection of money for a gift for someone or to participate in organizing an anniversary celebration:
1. I would agree;
2. I don’t know what I would do;
3. I would say that, unfortunately, I am very busy.
177. Which of the following words does not fit the other two:
1. wide;
2. zigzag;
3. straight.
178. “Soon” is to “never” as “close” is to:
1. nowhere;
2. far away;
3. away.
179. If I have made some mistake in society, I quickly forget about it:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
180. People around me know that I have many different ideas and I can almost always offer some kind of solution to a problem:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
181. Perhaps more typical for me:
1. nervousness when encountering unexpected difficulties;
2. I don’t know what to choose;
3. tolerance for the desires (demands) of other people.
182. I am considered a very enthusiastic person:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
183. I like work that is varied, involves frequent changes and travel, even if it is a little dangerous:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
184. I am a very punctual person and always insist that everything is done as accurately as possible:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
185. I enjoy work that requires special conscientiousness and precise workmanship:
1. yes;
2. something in between is true;
3. no.
186. I am one of the energetic people who are always busy with something:
1. yes;
2. not sure;
3. no.
187. I answered all the questions conscientiously and did not miss a single one:
1. yes;
2. not sure;
3. no.
Processing and interpretation of test results
Key to Cattell's Test
Factor Question numbers, answer types
A 3 a 26 c 27 c 51 c 52 a 76 c 101 a
b b b b b b b
126 a 151 c 176 a
b b b
B 28 53 54 77 from 78 102 from 103
b b b b b
127 c 128 152 a 153 c 177 a 178 a
b
C 4 a 5 s 29 s 30 a 55 a 79 s 80 s
b b b b b b b
104 a 105 a 129 c 130 a 154 c 179 a
b b b b b b
E 6 s 7 a 31 s 32 s 56 a 57 s 81 s
b b b b b b b
106 c 131 a 155 a 156 a 180 a 181 a
b b b b b b
F 8 s 33 a 58 a 82 s 83 a 107 s 108 s
b b b b b b b
132 a 133 a 157 c 158 c 182 a 183 a
b b b b b b
G 9 s 34 s 59 s 84 s 109 a 134 a 159 s
b b b b b b b
160 a 184 a 185 a
b b b
H 10 a 35 s 36 a 60 s 61 s 85 s 86 s
b b b b b b b
110 a 111 a 135 a 136 a 161 c 186 a
b b b b b b
I 11 sec 12 sec 37 sec 62 sec 87 sec 112 sec 137 sec
b b b b b b b
138 a 162 c 163 a
b b b
L 13 c 38 a 63 c 64 c 88 a 89 c 113 a
b b b b b b b
114 a 139 c 164 a
b b b
M 14 s 15 s 39 a 40 a 65 a 90 s 91 a
b b b b b b b
115 a 116 a 140 a 141 c 165 c 166 c
b b b b b b
N 16 sec 17 sec 41 sec 42 sec 66 sec 67 sec 92 sec
b b b b b b b
117 a 142 c 167 a
b b b
O 18 a 19 c 43 a 44 c 68 c 69 a 93 c
b b b b b b b
94 a 118 a 119 a 143 a 144 c 168 c
b b b b b b
Q1 20 a 21 a 45 s 46 a 70 a 95 s 120 s
b b b b b b b
145 a 169 a 170 c
b b b
Q2 22 sec 47 sec 71 sec 72 sec 96 sec 97 sec 121 sec
b b b b b b b
122 c 146 a 171 a
b b b
Q3 23 sec 24 sec 48 sec 73 sec 98 sec 123 sec 147 sec
b b b b b b b
148 a 172 c 173 a
b b b
Q4 25 s 49 a 50 a 74 a 75 s 99 a 100 s
b b b b b b b
124 a 125 c 149 a 150 c 174 a 175 c
b b b b b b
In factor B, a match with a key is worth 1 point. In the remaining factors, a match with “b” is equal to 1 point, and a match with the letters “a” and “c” in the key is equal to 2 points.
Formulas for calculating secondary factors of the Cattell test
F1 = [(38 + 2L + 3O + 4Q4) - (2C +2 H + 2Q3)] / 10;
F2 = [(2A + 3E + 4F +5H) - (2Q2 +11)] / 10;
F3 = [(77 + 2C + 2E + 2F + 2N) - (4A + 6I +2M)] / 10;
F3 = [(4E + 3M +4Q1 + 4Q2) - (3A + 2C)] / 10;
Conversion of primary “raw” grades into standard scores (walls)
Women 16-18 years old
Wall Factor
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A 0-6 7-8 7-8 9-10 11 12-13 14-15 16 17-18 19-20
From 0-6 7-8 9-10 11-12 13-14 15-16 17-18 19-20 21 22-26
E 0-3 4 5-6 7-8 9-10 11-12 13-15 16-17 18-19 20-26
F 0-6 7-8 9-11 12-14 15-16 17-18 19-20 21-22 23 24-26
G 0-5 6-7 8-9 10-11 12-13 14 15-16 17 18 19-20
I 0-5 6-7 8 9-10 11 12-13 14 15 16-17 18-20
L 0-2 3 4-5 6 7-8 9 10-11 12-13 14 15-16
M 0-6 7 8-9 10 11-12 13-14 15-16 17 18-19 20-28
N 0-5 6 7 8 9-10 11 12-13 14 15 16-20
O 0-4 5 6-7 8-9 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-26
Q1 0-3 4 5 6 7-8 9 10-11 12 13-14 15-20
Q3 0-4 5-6 7 8-9 10 11-12 13 14 15-16 17-20
Q4 0-3 4-5 6-8 9-11 12-13 14-16 17-19 20-21 22-23 24-26
Men 16-18 years old
Wall Factor
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A 0-3 4 5-6 7 8-9 10-11 12 13-14 15-16 17-20
B 0-1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-9 10 11-12
From 0-7 8-9 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20 21-22 23-26
E 0-6 7-8 9 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-26
F 0-5 6-8 9-11 12-14 15-16 17-18 19-20 21-22 23 24-26
G 0-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 11-12 13-14 15-16 17 18 19-20
N 0-2 3-4 5-7 8-10 11-13 14-16 17-18 19-20 21-22 23-26
I 0-2 3 4 5-6 7-8 9 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-20
L 0-3 4 5-6 7-8 9 10-11 12-13 14 15-16 17-20
M 0-4 5-6 7 8-9 10-11 12-13 14 15-16 17-18 19-26
O 0-3 4 5-6 7-8 9-10 11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-26
Q1 0-4 5 6 7-8 9 10-11 12 13 14-15 16-20
Q3 0-3 4-5 6 7-8 9-10 11 12-13 14 15-18 17-20
Q4 0-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 10-12 13-15 16-17 18-19 2-21 22-26
Women 19-28 years old
Wall Factor
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A 0-4 5-6 7 8-9 10-12 13 14-15 16 17 18 19-20
From 0-6 7-8 9-10 11-12 13-14 15-16 17-18 19-20 21-22 23-26
E 0-3 4 5-6 7-8 9-10 11-12 13-14 15-16 17-18 19-26
F 0-5 6-7 8-10 11-12 13-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22 23-26
G 0-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 11-12 13 14-15 16-17 18 19-20
N 0-2 3-4 5-7 8-9 10-12 13-15 10-17 18-20 21-22 23-26
I 0-5 6 7-8 9-10 11-12 13 14 15 16-17 18-20
L 0-1 2-3 4 5 6-7 8-9 10 11-12 13-14 15-20
M 0-5 6-7 8 9-10 11-12 13-14 15-16 17 18-19 20-26
N 0-5 6 7 8 9-10 11 12-13 14 15-16 17-20
О 0-3 4 5-6 7 8-9 10-12 13-14 15-16 17-18 19-26
Q2 0-3 4 5-6 7 8-9 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-20
Q3 0-4 5 6-7 8-9 10 11-12 13 14 15-16 17-20
Q4 0-3 4-5 6-7 8-10 11-12 13-15 16-18 19-20 21-22 23-26
Men 19-28 years old
Wall Factor
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A 0-3 4 5 6 7 8-9 10-11 12-13 14 15-16 17-20
B 0-4 5 - 6 7 8 9 10 11 12-13
S 0-7 8-9 10-11 12 13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22 23 26
E 0-6 7-8 9 10-11 12-13 14-16 17-18 19 20-21 22-26
F 0-5 6-8 9-10 11-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-46
G 0-4 5-8 7-9 10-11 12 13-14 15-16 17 18-19 20
N 0-2 3-4 5-7 8-10 11-18 14-16 17-18 19-20 21-22 23-26
I 0-2 3 4-5 6 7-8 9-10 11-12 13-14 15 16-20
L 0-3 4 5-6 7 8-9 10-11 12 13-14 15 16-20
M 0-5 6 7-8 9 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18 19-20
N 0-5 6-7 8 9 10 11-12 13 14-15 16 17-20
O 0-3 4 5-6 7-8 9 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-26
Q1 0-4 5 6 7-8 9 10 11-12 13 14-15 16-20
Q2 0-3 4 5-6 7 8-9 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-20
Q3 0-3 4-5 6 7-8 9-10 11 12-13 14 15-16 17-20
Q4 0-3 4 5-7 8-9 10-12 13-14 15-17 18-19 20-21 22-26
Women 29-70 years old
Wall Factor
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A 0-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 11 12-13 14-15 16 17-18 19-20
From 0-7 8-9 10-11 12-13 14-15 18-17 18-20 21-22 23-24 25-26
E 0-2 3 4-5 6-7 8-9 10-11 12-14 15-18 17-18 19-26
F 0-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 11-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-26
G 0-6 7 8-9 10 11 12-13 14-15 16 17 18-19 20
N 0-2 3-4 5-7 8-9 10-12 13-14 15-17 18-20 21-22 23-26
I 0-5 6-7 8 9-10 11 12-13 14 15-18 17 18-20
L 0-1 2 3-4 5 6-7 8 9-10 11 12-13 14-20
M 0-6 7 8-9 10-11 12 13-14 15-16 17 18-19 20-26
N 0-5 6 7 8-9 10 11 12-13 14 15 16-20
O 0-3 4 5-6 7-8 9-10 11-12 13-14 15-18 17-18 19-26
Q1 0-3 4 5 6-7 8 9 10-11 12-13 14 15-20
Q2 0-3 4 5-6 7-8 9 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-20
Q3 0-5 6-7 8 9-10 11 12-13 14 15-16 17 18-20
Q4 0-2 3-4 5-7 8-10 11-12 13-15 18-17 18-20 21-22 23-26
Men 29-70 years old
Wall Factor
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A 0-3 4 5-6 7 8-9 10-11 12-13 14 15-16 17-20
B 0-1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-9 10 11-13
From 0-7 8-10 11-12 13-14 15-16 17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-26
E 0-5 6-7 8-9 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-26
F 0-3 4-5 6-8 9-10 11-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20 21-26
G 0-4 5-7 8-10 11-12 13 14-15 16-17 18 19 20
N 0-3 4-5 6-8 9-11 12-14 15-16 17-19 20-21 22-23 24-26
I 0-2 3 4 5-6 7-8 9-10 11-12 13-14 15 16-20
L 0-2 3 4-5 6-7 8 9-10 11-12 13 14-15 16-20
M 0-5 6-7 8 9-10 11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-26
N 0-6 7 8-9 10 11 12-13 14 15 16-17 18-20
O 0-2 3 4-5 6-7 8-9 10-11 12 13-15 16-17 18-26
Q1 0-4 5-6 7 8 9-10 11 12-13 14 15-16 17-20
Q2 0-3 4 5-6 7-8 9-10 11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-20
Q3 0-4 5-6 7-8 9 10-11 12 13-14 15 16-17 18-20
Q4 0 1-2 3-5 6-7 8-10 11-12 13-15 16-17 18-19 20-26
Description of the primary factors of the Cattell test
1. Factor A: “isolation - sociability”
The A- pole in the technical name is called sizothymia (from the Latin word sizo, which means dull, dull). Pole A+ is called affectothymia, and it characterizes the intense expression of affects (feelings). An emotionally “sluggish”, “dry” person tends to be cautious when expressing feelings; she is little expressive. The most striking feature of affectotymia is good nature, cheerfulness, interest in people, and emotional sensitivity.
In general, factor A is focused on measuring a person’s sociability in small groups and the ability to establish direct, interpersonal contacts.
In the questionnaire answers, a person with A+ prefers working with people, social approval, and likes to keep up with the times. A personality with the A pole loves ideas and prefers to work alone. There is evidence that A+ individuals are sociable, can be leaders in small groups, and often choose to work with people; individuals with the A- pole can be artists, scientists and researchers and prefer to work independently, isolated from the group.
. 1-3 wall- prone to rigidity, coldness, skepticism and aloofness. He is attracted to things more than people. Prefers to work on his own, avoiding compromises. Inclined to precision, rigidity in activities, personal attitudes. In many professions this is desirable. Sometimes he tends to be critical, unbending, firm, tough.
. 4th wall- reserved, detached, critical, cold (schizothymia).
. 7 walls- outward-facing, easy to communicate, involved affectively (cyclothymia).
. 8-10 walls- a tendency towards good nature, ease of communication, emotional expression; ready to cooperate, attentive to people, soft-hearted, kind, adaptable. Prefers those activities where there are activities with people, situations with social significance. This person easily joins active groups. He is generous in personal relationships and is not afraid of criticism. Remembers events, surnames, first names and patronymics well.
2. Factor B: intelligence
Factor B does not determine the level of intelligence; it is focused on measuring the efficiency of thinking and the general level of verbal culture and erudition. It should be noted that low scores on this factor may depend on other personality characteristics: anxiety, frustration, low educational qualifications. And most importantly, factor B is perhaps the only factor of the technique that is not strictly validated. Therefore, the results for this factor are indicative.
. 1-3 wall- tends to understand the material more slowly when studying. “Dumb”, prefers a specific, literal interpretation. His “dumbness” either reflects low intelligence or is a consequence of decreased function as a result of psychopathology.
. 4th wall- less intellectually developed, thinks specifically (less ability to learn).
. 7 walls- more intellectually developed, abstractly thinking, reasonable (high learning ability).
. 8-10 walls- quickly perceives and assimilates new educational material. There is some correlation with cultural level as well as reactivity. High scores indicate the absence of a decrease in intellectual function in pathological conditions.
3. Factor C: “emotional instability - emotional stability”
This factor characterizes dynamic generalization and maturity of emotions, as opposed to unregulated emotionality. Psychoanalysts have tried to describe this factor as ego-strength and ego-weakness. According to Cattell’s method, a person with the C- pole is easily irritated by certain events or people, is not satisfied with life situations, with his own health, in addition, he is a weak-willed person. However, this interpretation is quite orthodox, since it does not take into account the plasticity of the emotional sphere. People with a high score on the C+ factor are more likely to be leaders than those whose scores on this factor are closer to the C- pole. On the other hand, the range of indicators for factor C among management personnel is wide; Some of them have low values for this factor (perhaps this is due to the reaction of fatigue and preoccupation with stress).
It has been established that people with high and average scores on factor C are also characterized by higher moral qualities.
In general, the factor is of genetic origin and is aimed at measuring emotional stability; it largely correlates with the concepts of a weak and strong nervous system (according to I.P. Pavlov).
Professions that require overcoming stressful situations (managers, pilots, rescuers, etc.) should be mastered by individuals with high scores on factor C. At the same time, in professions that do not require quick decision-making, emotional stability and where it is possible to resolve the issue yourself (artists, postmen, etc.), you can have low scores on this factor.
. 1-3 wall- there is a low threshold for frustration, changeable and plastic, avoiding the demands of reality, neurotically tired, irritable, emotionally excitable, having neurotic symptoms (phobias, sleep disorders, psychosomatic disorders). A low threshold is characteristic of all forms of neurotic and some mental disorders.
. 4th wall- sensitive, less emotionally stable, easily upset.
. 7 walls- emotionally stable, soberly assessing reality, active, mature.
. 8-10 walls- emotionally mature, stable, unflappable. High ability to comply with public moral standards. Sometimes humble resignation in the face of unresolved emotional problems. A good level “C” allows you to adapt even with mental disorders.
4. Factor E: “subordination-dominance”
Factor E does not correlate very significantly with leadership achievements, but is associated with social status and is higher among leaders than among followers. There is an assumption that estimates for this factor change with age and depend on the gender of the subject. In their behavior, people with high scores (on this factor) experience a need for autonomy.
. 1-3 wall- inferior to others, submissive. Often dependent, admits his guilt. Strives for obsessive adherence to correctness and rules. This passivity is part of many neurotic syndromes.
. 4th wall- modest, submissive, soft, compliant, pliable, conforming, adaptable.
. 7 walls- self-affirming, independent, aggressive, stubborn (dominant).
. 8-10 walls- self-affirming, self-confident, independent-minded. Tends to asceticism, is guided by his own rules of behavior, hostile and extrapunitive (authoritarian), commands others, does not recognize authorities.
5. Factor F: “restraint - expressiveness”
| F- / 0-5 points | F+ / 6-12 points |
|
Prudence, caution, prudence in choosing a communication partner. Tendency to concern, worry about the future, pessimism in the perception of reality, restraint in the expression of emotions. |
Cheerfulness, impulsiveness, enthusiasm, carelessness, recklessness in choosing communication partners, emotional significance of social contacts, expressiveness, expansiveness, emotional brightness in relationships between people, dynamic communication, which involves emotional leadership in groups |
This factor is a component of second-order factors of various personality traits. An interesting fact is that over the years, the manifestation of impulsiveness and carelessness gradually decreases, which can be considered as evidence of a certain emotional maturity.
In general, factor F is focused on measuring emotional intensity and dynamism in communication processes. Example: actors, effective leaders have higher ratings, artists, followers - lower ones.
. 1-3 wall- leisurely, reserved. Sometimes gloomy, pessimistic, cautious. He is considered a very accurate, sober, reliable person.
. 4th wall- sober, careful, serious, silent;
. 7 walls- carefree, impulsively lively, cheerful, full of enthusiasm.
. 8-10 walls- cheerful, active, talkative, carefree, can be impulsive.
6. Factor G: “low normative behavior - high normative behavior”
| G- / 0-6 points | G+ / 7-12 points |
|
Tendency to inconstancy, susceptibility to the influence of feelings, chance and circumstances. Indulges his desires, makes no effort to fulfill group requirements and norms. Disorganization, irresponsibility, impulsiveness, lack of agreement with generally accepted moral rules and standards, flexibility in relation to social norms, freedom from their influence, sometimes unprincipledness and a tendency to antisocial behavior. |
Conscientiousness, responsibility, stability, balance, perseverance, a tendency to moralize, rationality, conscientiousness. A developed sense of duty and responsibility, conscious adherence to generally accepted moral rules and norms, persistence in achieving goals, business orientation. |
This factor resembles factor C, especially with regard to the role of self-regulation of behavior and attitudes towards other people. This factor characterizes the characteristics of the emotional-volitional sphere (perseverance, organization - irresponsibility, disorganization) and the characteristics of the regulation of social behavior (acceptance or ignorance of generally accepted moral rules and norms). Psychoanalysts interpret this factor as a high superego and a low superego. The researcher should be especially careful in analyzing low scores for this factor (G-) since there is no direct relationship between low scores and pronounced antisocial behavior (for example, with criminals). On the contrary, it is known that many people who do not perceive “middle class morality”, “intellectuals”, “emancipated individuals”, people who express humanistic ideals and are flexible about social and cultural traditions, may have low scores on this factor.
High scores can often characterize not only strong-willed personality traits, but also a tendency toward cooperation and conformity.
. 1-3 wall- tendency to inconstancy of goals, relaxed in behavior, does not make efforts to complete group tasks, fulfill socio-cultural requirements. His freedom from group influence may lead to antisocial behavior, but at times it makes him more effective. Refusal to obey rules reduces somatic disorders under stress.
. 4th wall- taking advantage of the moment, looking for advantage in the situation. Avoids rules, feels unimportant.
. 7 walls- conscientious, persistent, you can rely on him, sedate, obligatory.
. 8-10 walls- demanding of himself, guided by a sense of duty, persistent, takes responsibility, conscientious, prone to moralizing, prefers hard-working people, witty.
7. Factor H: “timidity - courage”
Factor H is a clearly defined factor that characterizes the degree of activity in social contacts. It should be taken into account that this factor is of genetic origin and reflects the activity of the body and temperamental characteristics. People with high ratings of this factor are prone to risk professions (test pilots), persistent, sociable, and able to withstand emotional stress, which often makes them leaders.
Low scores for this factor characterize people who are shy, timid, not sociable, and have difficulty making independent decisions.
. 1-3 wall- shy, evasive, keeps aloof, “disgusted.” Usually feels a sense of inadequacy. Speech is slow, difficult, and difficult to express. Avoids professions associated with personal contacts. He prefers to have 1-2 close friends and is not inclined to delve into everything that happens around him.
. 4th wall- shy, reserved, insecure, fearful, timid.
. 7 walls- adventurous, socially courageous, uninhibited, spontaneous.
. 8-10 walls- sociable, brave, experiences new things; spontaneous and lively in the emotional sphere. His “thick skin” allows him to endure complaints and tears, difficulties in communicating with people in emotionally intense situations. May be careless about details and may not respond to danger signals.
8. Factor I: “hardness - sensitivity”
|
I- / 0-5 points for men, 0-6 points for women |
I+ / 6-12 points for men, 7-12 points for women |
| Unsentimentality, self-confidence, severity, rationality, flexibility in judgment, practicality, sometimes some rigidity and callousness towards others, rationality, logic. | Sensitivity, impressionability, richness of emotional experiences, a penchant for romanticism, an artistic perception of the world, developed aesthetic interests, artistry, femininity, a tendency towards empathy, sympathy, empathy and understanding of other people, refined emotionality. |
According to a number of studies, people with high scores on this factor are usually romantic and love travel and new experiences. They have a developed imagination and aesthetics are important to them.
This factor reflects differences in the cultural level and aesthetic sensitivity of the individual. An interesting fact is that people with low scores on this factor get sick less, are more aggressive, play sports more often, and are athletic.
The characteristics of this factor are closer to the second-order factor “low emotionality - high emotionality”; this factor is dominant there.
A person with high scores on this factor is characterized as physically and mentally sophisticated, prone to reflection, thinking about his mistakes and ways to avoid them.
Let us note that scores for this factor are higher for women than for men, and they depend on environmental conditions and cultural level. Cattell defines this personality trait as “programmed emotional sensitivity,” thereby emphasizing the prerogative of the genetic origin of this personality trait. It should be noted that men with high grades most often belong to the artistic personality type. By occupation, high scores on this factor unite artists, performers, musicians, writers, diagnosticians and psychiatrists, and lawyers. Persons with I- are more prone to neurotic discrepancies (when studied using the Eysenck test, these people have high scores on such a characteristic as neuroticism). In general, this factor determines the degree of emotional sophistication of the individual.
. 1-3 wall- practical, realistic, courageous, independent, has a sense of responsibility, but is skeptical about the subjective and cultural aspects of life. Sometimes ruthless, cruel, smug. Leading the group, makes it work on a practical and realistic basis.
. 4th wall- strong, independent, self-reliant, realistic, does not tolerate meaninglessness.
. 7 walls- weak, dependent, insufficiently independent, helpless, sensitive.
. 8-10 walls- weak, dreamy, picky, capricious, feminine, sometimes demanding of attention, help, dependent, impractical. Does not like rude people and rude professions. Tends to slow down the group's activities and disrupt its morale by unrealistically delving into small things and details.
9. Factor L: “gullibility - suspicion”
Cattell named this factor alaxia (L-) - protensia (L+). The term protensia means "protection" and "internal tension"; high scores on this factor may correlate with neurotic characteristics. At the same time, high scores on this factor are often found among people of independent behavior, among those whose occupation is associated with the creation of something, for example, in the field of religion and science. A number of character traits that are classified as dominance (Factor E) should in fact be associated with this factor. The L- pole characterizes a person who is good-natured, open, and perhaps without ambition or desire to win.
In general, factor L reflects an emotional attitude towards people. Very high scores on this factor indicate excessive protection and emotional tension, frustrated personality. The low pole (L-) characterizes a good-natured personality, but prone to conformism.
. 1-3 wall- tends to be free from the tendency of jealousy, adaptable, cheerful, does not strive for competition, cares about others. Works well in a group.
. 4th wall- trusting, adaptable, non-jealous, accommodating.
. 7 walls- suspicious, having his own opinion, not susceptible to deception.
. 8-10 walls- distrustful, doubtful, often immersed in one’s own “I”, stubborn, interested in inner mental life. Careful in his actions, cares little about other people, does not work well in a group. This factor does not necessarily indicate paranoia.
10. Factor M: “practicality - dreaminess”
The picture of this factor is quite complex. In general, individuals with M+ have a vibrant inner intellectual life, with intense experience of ideas and feelings. They can be “bohemian” and non-conformist in behavior. Artists, poets, researchers, experimenters, high-ranking managers, editors, etc. have high scores for this factor. Low scores are given to people engaged in mechanical calculations, where attention and concentration are required. It has also been noted that people with low scores on this factor are less likely to get into car accidents. They are characterized by balance and sanity. However, in unexpected situations they often lack imagination and resourcefulness.
In general, the factor is focused on measuring the characteristics of the imagination, reflected in the real behavior of the individual, such as practicality, down-to-earthness or, conversely, some “having their head in the clouds”, a romantic attitude towards life.
. 1-3 wall- worries about doing the right thing, is practical, driven by the possible, cares about details, maintains presence of mind in extreme situations, but sometimes retains imagination.
. 4th wall- practical, thorough, conventional. We control external real circumstances.
. 7 walls- a person with a developed imagination, immersed in internal needs, cares about practical issues. Bohemian.
. 8-10 walls- prone to unpleasant behavior for others (not everyday), unconventional, does not worry about everyday things, self-motivated, has a creative imagination. Pays attention to the “essential” and forgets about specific people and realities. Inwardly directed interests sometimes lead to unrealistic situations accompanied by expressive outbursts. Individuality leads to his rejection in group activities.
11. Factor N: “straightforwardness - diplomacy”
The factor is focused on measuring the individual’s relationship with people and the surrounding reality. So far this factor has not been sufficiently studied. However, we can say that the factor characterizes some form of tactical skill of the individual (the factor is positively correlated with mental abilities and dominance and with a certain self-doubt of the individual). High scores on this factor characterize diplomats as opposed to a “natural and straightforward” person with naive emotional sincerity, directness and ease. Cattell described people who score high on the N factor this way: “They can be either Socrates or a smart boy, while people who score low on the N factor are expressive, warm, and kind.”
There is evidence that people with low scores on this factor are more trustworthy and liked, especially among children. People with high grades can be described as intelligent, independent, and complex in nature. Subcultural studies have revealed a connection between high scores on this factor and the ability to survive and a certain sophistication. According to dynamic characteristics, people with high scores are leaders in analytical, focused discussion and in the formation of functional group decisions (theater directors, film directors, and diplomats usually have high scores on this factor).
People with a low score on the N factor are slow, conservative, and interfere with the group’s decision-making.
Cattell figuratively called the positive pole the Machiavelli pole, and the negative pole the Rousseau pole.
. 1-3 wall- prone to lack of sophistication, sentimentality and simplicity. Sometimes rude and harsh, usually natural and spontaneous.
. 4th wall- direct, natural, unsophisticated, sentimental.
. 7 walls- cunning, unscrupulous, secular, insightful (refined).
. 8-10 walls- sophisticated, experienced, worldly, cunning. Prone to analysis. An intellectual approach to assessing a situation, close to cynicism.
12. Factor O: “calmness - anxiety”
|
O- / 0-6 points |
O+ / 7-12 points |
|
Carelessness, arrogance, cheerfulness, self-confidence and self-confidence, serenity, fearlessness, composure, calmness, lack of remorse and guilt. |
Anxiety, preoccupation, vulnerability, hypochondriacality, moodiness, fear, self-doubt, apprehension, self-blame, depression, sensitivity to the approval of others, guilt and dissatisfaction with oneself. |
Previously, when interpreting this factor, terms such as “depressive tendency”, “bad mood”, “self-deprecation” and even “neurotic state” were used. Low grades are typical for people who “manage their failures.” A person with high scores on this factor feels unstable, tense in difficult life situations, easily loses his presence of mind, and is full of regrets and compassion; it is characterized by a combination of symptoms of hypochondria and neurasthenia with a predominance of fears. This factor is broader than guilt in the generally accepted sense. The sustainability component is also important in this factor; High scorers are often shy and have difficulty making contact with others.
Low scores on this factor characterize those people who can cope with their failures, in contrast to those who experience failures as an internal conflict. There is evidence that antisocial individuals do not suffer from feelings of guilt.
By occupation, religious persons, artists, performers, and writers are highly rated on this factor. High grades largely determine successful leadership in difficult situations and the individual’s desire for self-actualization. At the same time, these assessments are characteristic of neurotics, alcoholics and people with certain types of psychopathy. Cattell believes that this factor can, within certain limits, be called the Hamlet factor and it can have a socio-moral significance that admirers of Dostoevsky intuitively feel. It should be taken into account that high scores on this factor may have a situational origin.
. 1-3 wall- serene, with a calm mood, it is difficult to anger him, unperturbed. Confident in yourself and your abilities. Flexible, does not feel threatened, sometimes to the point of being insensitive to the fact that the group is taking a different path and that it may cause hostility.
. 4th wall- serene, trusting, calm.
. 7 walls- anxious, depressed, worried (tendency of autopunitiveness), feeling of guilt.
. 8-10 walls- depressed, bad mood prevails, gloomy forebodings and thoughts, anxiety. Tendency to become anxious in difficult situations. Feeling that he is not accepted by the group. High scores are common in clinical groups of all types.
13. Factor Q1: “conservatism - radicalism”
Research has provided evidence that individuals with high scores on this factor are better informed, less prone to moralizing, and express greater interest in science than in dogma. Moreover, they are ready to break habits and established traditions; they are characterized by independence of judgment, views and behavior.
The factor determines radical, intellectual, political and religious attitudes.
High scores for this factor are observed among managers, administrators, scientists, university teachers, and especially among researchers and theorists. Low - among unskilled specialists and service personnel (nannies, nurses, etc.).
There is an assumption that this factor is of genetic origin and in everyday consciousness correlates with such human characteristics as “smart” (Q1+) and “stupid” (Q1-). It is noteworthy that business leaders score high on this factor.
In the behavioral picture, a person with low scores on this factor is characterized as a “conservative”, and with high scores - as a “radical”.
. 1-3 wall- is convinced of the correctness of what he was taught, and accepts everything as proven, despite the contradictions. Tends to be cautious and compromise when dealing with new people. Tends to resist and resist change and postpone it, sticks to tradition.
. 4th wall- conservative, respecting principles, tolerant of traditional difficulties.
. 7 walls- experimental, critical, liberal, analytical, free-thinking.
. 8-10 walls- is absorbed in intellectual problems, has doubts on various fundamental issues. He is skeptical and tries to understand the essence of ideas old and new. He is often better informed, less inclined to moralize, more inclined to experiment in life, tolerant of inconsistencies and changes.
14. Factor Q2: “conformism - nonconformism”
Low scores on this factor are given to sociable individuals, for whom the approval of society means a lot; these are secular people. High marks are given to people who are often disconnected from the group and who are individualists by occupation - writers, scientists and criminals!
This factor is central to the second-order factor “dependence - independence”.
It should be especially taken into account that indicators for this factor can characterize a certain sociability of an individual and have a constant connection with the criteria of real life.
Essentially, Cattell believes that this factor is “thinking introversion” and both family and social traditions play a significant role in the formation of such a model of behavior. Such people are characterized by a fairly high degree of awareness in choosing a line of behavior.
. 1 -3 wall- prefers to work and make decisions together with other people, loves communication and admiration, depends on them. I tend to go with a group. Not necessarily sociable, rather he needs support from the group.
. 4th wall - dependent on the group, “joining”, follower, responding to the call (group dependence).
. 7 walls- self-satisfied, offering his own solution, enterprising.
. 8-10 walls- independent, inclined to go his own way, make his own decisions, act independently. He does not take into account public opinion, but does not necessarily play a dominant role in relation to others (see factor E). It cannot be assumed that he does not like people, he simply does not need their consent and support.
15. Factor Q3: “low self-control - high self-control”
Low scores on this factor indicate weak will and poor self-control. The activities of such people are disordered and impulsive. A person with high scores on this factor has socially approved characteristics: self-control, perseverance, conscientiousness, and a tendency to observe etiquette. In order to meet such standards, an individual is required to make certain efforts, have clear principles, beliefs and take into account public opinion.
This factor measures the level of internal control of behavior and personality integration.
People with high scores on this factor are prone to organizational activities and achieve success in professions that require objectivity, determination, and balance. The factor characterizes a person’s awareness in regulating the strength of the “I” (factor C) and the strength of the “super-ego” (factor G) and determines the severity of the volitional characteristics of the individual. This factor is one of the most important for predicting the success of activities. It is positively related to the frequency of being chosen as a leader and the degree of activity in solving group problems.
. 1-3 wall- is not guided by volitional control, does not pay attention to social requirements, is inattentive to others. May feel inadequately adjusted.
. 4th wall- internally undisciplined, conflict-ridden (low integration).
. 7 walls- controlled, socially accurate, following the “I” image (high integration).
. 8-10 walls- tends to have strong control over their emotions and general behavior. Socially attentive and thorough; exhibits what is commonly called "self-respect" and concern for social reputation. Sometimes, however, he is prone to stubbornness.
16. Factor Q4: “relaxation - tension”
A high score (9-12 points) is interpreted as energetic excitement, which requires a certain release; sometimes this condition can turn into a psychosomatic disorder: emotional stability decreases, balance is disturbed, and aggressiveness may appear. Such people rarely become leaders.
Research has shown that a low score (0-5 points) is typical for people with a low level of achievement motivation who are content with what they have. Persons with values of this factor from 5 to 8 points are characterized by optimal emotional tone and stress resistance.
. 1-3 wall- prone to relaxation, balance, contentment. In some situations, his oversatisfaction can lead to laziness and the achievement of low results. On the contrary, high levels of stress can impair the effectiveness of school or work.
. 4th wall- relaxed (unstressed), unfrustrated.
. 7 walls- tense, frustrated, driven, overreactive (high energy tension).
. 8-10 walls- prone to tension and excitability.
17. Factor MD: “adequate self-esteem - inadequate self-esteem”
The MD factor is additional to the main 16 and is highlighted in Cattell’s personal methodology for forms C and D. The average values of this factor (from 5 to 9 points) characterize the adequacy of a person’s self-esteem and its certain maturity. For the researcher, data on this factor are of great importance, since they help assess the maturity of the individual, and can also be used when working individually with the subject.
Description of secondary factors of the Cattell test
F1. Anxiety
Low scores - in general, this person is satisfied with what he has and can achieve what he thinks is important. However, very low scores may indicate a lack of motivation in difficult situations.
High scores indicate a high level of anxiety in its usual sense. Anxiety is not necessarily neurotic, since it can be situationally determined. However, in some way it has maladjustment, because the person is dissatisfied to a degree that does not allow him to fulfill the requirements and achieve what he wants. Very high anxiety usually impairs productivity and leads to physical disorders.
F2. Extraversion - introversion
Low scores - a tendency to dryness, self-satisfaction, frozen interpersonal contacts. This can be beneficial in work that requires precision.
High scores - socially contactable, uninhibited, successfully establishing and maintaining interpersonal connections. This can be very beneficial in situations that require this type of temperament. This trait should always be considered a favorable prognosis in activities, for example, in studies.
F3. Sensitivity
Low scores - a tendency to experience difficulties in connection with the emotionality manifested in everything. These people may be the dissatisfied and frustrated type. However, there is a sensitivity to the nuances of life. Probably there are artistic inclinations and softness. If such a person has a problem, then resolving it requires a lot of thought before taking action.
High scores - enterprising, determined and flexible personality. This person tends not to notice the nuances of life, directing his behavior towards what is too obvious and obvious. If difficulties arise, they cause quick action without sufficient thought.
F4. Conformity
Low scores - a group-dependent, passive person who needs the support of other people and orients his behavior towards the people who provide such support.
High scores - aggressive, independent, courageous, sharp personality. Tries to choose situations where such behavior is at least tolerated. Shows significant initiative.
Interpretation of Cattell test results
Social and psychological characteristics: extraversion - introversion
A-, F-, H-
Restraint in interpersonal contacts, difficulties in direct and social communication, a tendency to individual work, isolation, focus on one’s inner world. Introversion.
A-, F+, H-
Restraint in establishing both interpersonal and social contacts. In behavior - expressiveness, impulsiveness; in character, shyness and external activity are manifested, a tendency towards individual activity. A tendency towards introversion.
A+, F-, H-
Openness in interpersonal contacts, the ability to communicate directly, restraint and prudence in establishing social contacts, caution and shyness.
A+, F-, H+
Openness in interpersonal contacts, activity, sociability, readiness to join new groups, restraint and prudence in choosing communication partners. Tendency towards extraversion.
A- , F+, H+
Restraint in direct interpersonal contacts, activity, expressiveness in social communication, readiness to join new groups, a tendency to lead. Tendency towards extraversion.
A- , F-, H+
Restraint and prudence in establishing interpersonal contacts, activity in the social sphere, business leadership can be manifested.
A+, F+, H-
Openness, expressiveness, impulsiveness in interpersonal communication. Difficulty in establishing social contacts, shyness in new, unfamiliar circumstances, difficulty making social decisions.
A+, F+, H+
Openness, sociability, activity in establishing both interpersonal and social contacts. Behavior reveals expressiveness, impulsiveness, social courage, risk-taking, readiness to join new groups, and to be a leader. Focused outward, on people. Extraversion.
Social and psychological characteristics: communicative properties
E+, Q2+, G+, N+, L+
Independence of character, a tendency towards dominance, authoritarianism, wariness towards people, opposing oneself to a group, a tendency towards leadership, a developed sense of responsibility and duty, acceptance of rules and norms, independence in decision-making, initiative, activity in social spheres, flexibility and diplomacy in interpersonal communication, the ability to find non-trivial solutions in practical, everyday situations.
E-, Q2+, L+, N+, G+
The character shows softness and pliability. These features are compensated in social behavior by opposing oneself to the group, wariness towards people, flexibility and diplomacy in communication, a developed sense of duty and responsibility, and acceptance of generally accepted moral rules and norms.
E+, Q2-, G+, L+, N+
Independence of character, wariness towards people, flexibility and diplomacy in communication, manifestation of conformal reactions, submission to the requirements and opinions of the group, acceptance of generally accepted moral rules and norms, desire for leadership and dominance (authoritarianism) as a manifestation of conformity.
E+, Q2-, G+, L-, N+
Independence of character, openness, diplomacy towards people, acceptance of generally accepted rules and norms, a developed sense of duty and responsibility. Submission to the requirements and opinions of the group, the ability to make independent and original decisions in both intellectual and everyday situations.
E+, Q2-, G+, L-, N-
Independence in making intellectual decisions, openness and straightforwardness towards people, manifestation of conformity, acceptance of generally accepted moral rules and norms, developed sense of duty and responsibility, submission to the requirements and opinions of the group.
E+, L-, Q2+, G+, N+
Independence of character, openness and diplomacy towards people, a developed sense of duty and responsibility, acceptance of generally accepted moral rules and norms, a tendency towards leadership, dominance (authoritarianism), confidence in social situations.
E+, L-, N+, Q2+, G-
Independence of character, manifestation of non-conformist reactions, free attitude to generally accepted rules and norms, a tendency to oppose oneself to a group, autonomy in social behavior, some irresponsibility, a tendency to violate traditions, make extraordinary decisions in relation to people - openness, gullibility, diplomacy (at a high level intelligence, one can assume a high creative potential of the individual).
E+, Q2-, L-, G-, N-
Independence of character, manifested in a free attitude towards generally accepted moral rules and norms, not expressed by a sense of duty and responsibility. Behavior is characterized by conformal reactions, dependence on the opinions and demands of the group, openness and straightforwardness in relation to people, and some social immaturity.
E+, Q2-, G-, L+, N+
Independence of character, wariness and insight towards people, dependence on the group and public opinion, conformity and some social immaturity. There may be neurotic reactions (with low scores on the MD factor and high scores on the O factor).
E+, L-, Q2-, G+, N-
Independence of character in relation to people - openness, trustfulness and straightforwardness. A developed sense of duty, responsibility, adherence to generally accepted rules and norms, dependence on the opinions and demands of the group. In extreme situations, dominance can manifest itself.
E+, L+, Q2-, G+, N-
Independence of character, wariness towards people, straightforwardness. In the social sphere, conformal reactions are manifested: dependence on the opinions and demands of the group, adherence to generally accepted moral rules and norms, some social lack of independence, independence manifests itself in motivation and a sense of duty and responsibility.
E-, L-, Q2-, N-, G-
Gentleness, compliance and openness, adherence to the opinion and demands of the group, straightforwardness and trustfulness towards people, a free attitude towards generally accepted moral rules and norms. Conformity of behavior, social lack of independence and immaturity are noted.
E- , L+, Q2+,N+, G+
The natural softness and pliability of character is compensated by a wary attitude towards people, a desire for independence and opposition to the group. Full acceptance of generally accepted moral rules and norms, diplomacy and insight in relationships with people. Possible manifestation of business leadership.
E-, L+, Q2-, N+, G+
Gentleness, pliability, wariness, diplomacy, and worldly insight are noted in relation to people. Social behavior is characterized by conformist reactions, adherence to generally accepted moral rules and norms, dependence on the opinions and demands of the group, and lack of independence in decision-making.
E-, L-, Q2+, N+, G+
Gentleness, pliability towards people, open and insightful. In a small group - the desire for independence, some opposition to the group. A developed sense of duty and responsibility, acceptance of generally accepted moral rules and norms. It is possible to demonstrate strong-willed qualities and some desire for leadership.
E-, L- , Q2-, N+, G+
Softness, pliability, pliability. In relation to people - openness and insight. In social behavior, it is characterized by conformism, dependence on the opinions and demands of the group, acceptance of generally accepted moral rules and norms, lack of independence and indecisiveness in decision-making.
E-, L-, Q2+, N-, G+
Gentleness, compliance, openness and straightforwardness. In small groups there is a desire for independence and autonomy. A developed sense of duty and responsibility, acceptance of generally accepted moral rules and norms.
E-, L+, N-, Q2-, G+
Gentleness, pliability, ingenuousness, but there is wariness towards people. In social behavior - conformity, dependence on the opinion of the group, acceptance of generally accepted moral rules and norms, lack of independence in decision making.
E-, L+, N+, Q2-, G+
Gentleness, compliance, in relation to people - wariness and insight. In social behavior - conformity, a developed sense of duty and responsibility, acceptance of generally accepted moral rules and norms, the ability to find the right way out of difficult everyday situations.
E-, L+, N-, Q2+, G+
Gentleness, compliance, straightforwardness, in a small group the desire for independence, for opposing oneself in relation to it. Wary of people, developed sense of duty and responsibility.
E-, L-, N-, Q2+, G-
Gentleness, gullibility, compliance, straightforwardness. In social behavior, non-conformist reactions are noted: opposing oneself to the group, free attitude towards generally accepted moral rules and norms. One can assume personal and social immaturity.
E-, L-, N+, Q2+, G-
Gentleness, openness towards people - insight, diplomacy. In social behavior, nonconformity: independence from the opinion of the group, freedom from the pressure of generally accepted moral rules and norms, a tendency to independence.
E-, L+, N-, Q2+, G+
Gentleness towards people - wariness, straightforwardness, the desire to oppose oneself to the group. Developed sense of duty and responsibility, acceptance of generally accepted moral rules and norms, desire for leadership.
Emotional personality characteristics
C+, O-, Q3+, Q4-, (L-, G+)
Emotional stability, self-confidence and self-confidence, calm adequate perception of reality, ability to control one’s emotions and behavior, resistance to stress. In behavior - balance, focus on reality. (Low scores on factor L confirm calm adequacy; high scores on factor G, together with factor Q3, emphasize the development of volitional qualities.)
C-, O+, Q3-, Q4+, (L+)
Emotional instability, increased anxiety: self-doubt, suspiciousness, low resistance to stress, excessive emotional tension, frustration, low control of emotions and behavior, impulsiveness, affectivity, dependence on moods. The combination of factors O+, Q4+, L+ indicates a neurotic anxiety syndrome, aimed at resolving internal conflicts.
C+, O+, Q3-, Q4+ (L+)
Strong nervous system, natural emotional stability. Reduced volitional activity, increased anxiety, suspiciousness, low control of emotions and behavior, dependence on moods, frustration, low stress resistance. In external behavior, he may give the impression of a fairly balanced person (impulsivity manifests itself in stressful situations). In combination O+, Q4+, L+, neurotic anxiety syndrome is diagnosed, aimed at resolving internal conflicts.
C-, O-, Q3+, Q4-
Emotional plasticity, genetic instability, tendency to impulsiveness. These properties are compensated by developed volitional regulation: the ability to control one’s emotions and behavior, self-confidence, and resistance to stress. In behavior - balance, focus on reality, emotionally flexible.
C-, O-, Q3-, Q4-, (N-)
Emotional plasticity, genetic instability of emotions (biological dependence), low volitional regulation: inability to control one’s emotions and behavior, dependence on moods, impulsiveness, efficiency. At the same time, it can be stress-resistant. In combination N- and Q4- (0-6), O- they diagnose low motivation, self-satisfaction, internal relaxation. Low efficiency in professional activities.
C+, O-, Q3-, Q4-, (N-)
Genetic emotional stability (biological dependence), self-confidence, calm adequate perception of reality, such a person does not need volitional regulation of his emotions and behavior, stress-resistant, rigid. He can be balanced and calm in behavior. Low scores on factors N, O, Q4 suggest low motivation, self-satisfaction, internal relaxation (lack of effectiveness in professional activities).
C+, O+, Q3+, Q4-, (N+)
Genetic emotional stability, high control of emotions and behavior, stress resistance, a certain dissatisfaction with oneself, some dissatisfaction, which ensures the desire for self-actualization (with high scores on factor N, one can assume an inflated level of aspirations) In behavior - balanced, stable, focused on reality and social success.
C-, O+, Q3+, Q4-, (G+, I+)
Genetic emotional instability (biological dependence), plasticity of the nervous system, increased anxiety, self-doubt, doubt and suspiciousness, however - high self-regulation, control of emotions and behavior, resistance to stress, behavior can be impulsive. With average scores on factor G and high scores on factor I, one can make an assumption about the creative potential of the individual and his artistic type.
C+, O+, Q3+, Q4-, (G+, I+)
Genetic emotional stability (biological dependence). A developed volitional component, high self-regulation, control of emotions and behavior, resistance to stress - ensures balance in behavior, characterizes the emotional maturity of the individual, and the ability to be a leader. Average scores on factor G and high scores on factor I suggest the presence of creative potential and the classification of a person as an artistic type.
C-, O-, Q3-, Q4+
Genetic emotional instability, low control of emotions and behavior are characterized by unbalanced behavior, impulsiveness, dependence on moods, and in extreme situations - frustration, resistance to stress. At the same time, self-confidence, a calm perception of reality, and self-satisfaction are noted. One can make an assumption about the immaturity of the emotional sphere of the individual.
C+, O+, Q3-, Q4-
Genetic emotional stability, low control of emotions and behavior, low self-regulation give rise to self-doubt, doubts and suspiciousness, and dissatisfaction with oneself. However, in extreme situations, natural qualities appear that provide stress resistance and sufficient balance of behavior. Emotional-volitional immaturity of the personality is noted.
C+, O-, Q3+, Q4+
Genetic stability, high self-regulation, control of emotions and behavior provide balance, internal self-confidence and self-confidence, a calm perception of reality, but low situational stress resistance and excessive emotional tension may be observed, however, this only applies to complex significant situations and can be controlled. The personality is emotionally mature.
C+, O+, Q3+, Q4+, (N+, L+)
Genetic emotional stability, highly developed control of emotions and behavior, a pronounced volitional component and self-regulation ensure balanced behavior. However, internal dissatisfaction with oneself, suspiciousness and some anxiety give rise to frustration and low stress resistance. With high scores on factors N and L, we can talk about a certain neurotic syndrome and an inflated level of aspirations.
I+, M+, O+
Programmed emotional sensitivity, sophistication, richness of emotional experiences, wide emotional palette, developed imagination, tendency to daydreaming, reflection, self-dissatisfaction, increased anxiety and intuitiveness. Focus on one's inner world, artistic personality type and anxiety as a personality trait are diagnosed.
I-, M-, O-
Low sensitivity, some emotional flatness, rationality, practicality, self-confidence, calm adequacy in the perception of reality, balance and stability in behavior, focus on specific practical activities (pragmatism) and reality.
I+, M+, O-
High sensitivity, emotional sophistication, wide emotional palette. Self-confidence, a calm perception of reality, and a focus on solving specific practical problems (pragmatism) are noted. In men, high scores on Factor I indicate an artistic personality type: High sensitivity, emotional sophistication, rich emotional palette, tendency to reflect, dissatisfaction with oneself, increased anxiety. Concrete imagination, orientation to reality. With low scores on factors L and Q4, high anxiety (factor O) is interpreted as a personality trait and therefore, when combined with I+, can characterize the artistic type of personality.
I-, M+, O+
Low sensitivity, some emotional flatness. Developed imagination, tendency to daydreaming, reflection, dissatisfaction with oneself, susceptibility to doubt, desire for self-improvement, search for stimuli for imagination. Focus on one's inner world, low pragmatism in behavior, difficulties in solving practical problems.
I-, M-, O+, (N+, Q4+)
Low sensitivity, some emotional flatness, pragmatism, focus on objective reality, adherence to earthly principles. At the same time, the individual is characterized by dissatisfaction with himself and lack of confidence in his abilities. (With high scores on factors N and Q4, a neurotic syndrome can be diagnosed).
I-, M+, O- (N+)
Low sensitivity, some emotional flatness, calm perception of reality, self-confidence and self-confidence, a certain complacency. Such a person has a developed imagination, can make his dreams come true, is reality-oriented and quite enterprising. (High scores on the N factor emphasize the practical entrepreneurial spirit of the individual).
I+, M-, O+, (L+, Q4+)
High sensitivity, emotional sophistication, intuitiveness, reflexivity, self-dissatisfaction, self-doubt, focus on one’s inner world. Such a person has a specific imagination and an orientation towards earthly principles, but high anxiety does not give him the opportunity to be enterprising and decisive. With a combination of high scores on factors O, L and Q4, neurotic anxiety syndrome is diagnosed.
Intellectual characteristics of the individual
B+, M+, Q1+, (E+)
Efficiency, agility of thinking, a high level of general culture, the ability to operate with abstractions, developed analyticity, developed intellectual interests, the desire for new knowledge, a tendency towards free-thinking, radicalism, high erudition, breadth of views. (With high scores on factor E, independence and originality in solving intellectual problems are noted).
B+, M-,Q1+, (E+)
Efficiency, agility of thinking, a high level of general culture, developed analyticity, interest in new intellectual knowledge, desire for free-thinking, radicalism, high erudition, broad-mindedness. Specific imagination, focus on solving specific intellectual problems. Harmonious development of intelligence. (With high scores on factor E, independence and originality in solving intellectual problems are noted).
B+, M+, Q1+, (N+), (E+)
Efficiency, agility of thinking, high level of general culture, developed analytical skills, interest in intellectual knowledge, desire for free-thinking, radicalism. Ability to operate with abstractions, developed imagination. With high scores on factor N, the ability to translate abstract concepts into practical implementation (a quality necessary for a leader). With high scores on factor E, there is a tendency to make independent, original decisions. Harmonious development of intelligence.
B+, M+, Q1-, (E+)
Efficiency, agility of thinking, high level of general culture, erudition. Ability to operate with abstractions, developed imagination. Criticality and conservatism in accepting new things, reduced intellectual interests, low analytical thinking. (With high scores on factor E, there is a tendency to make independent, extraordinary intellectual decisions.)
B+, M-, Q1-, (N+)
Efficiency, agility of thinking, high level of general culture, erudition. Such a person has a specific imagination, criticality and conservatism in accepting new things, and is aimed at specific practical thinking. (High scores on factor N characterize a focus on practical activities.)
B-, M+, Q1+, (E+)
Low efficiency of thinking, insufficiently developed general culture. Such a person has developed analytical thinking, intellectual interests, the ability to operate with abstract concepts, and a developed imagination. (High scores on factor E indicate a tendency to make independent, original, intellectual decisions). Low scores on factor B with this combination of factors can be explained by a number of reasons, insufficient level of education; low resistance to stress, frustration, situational anxiety (reduced efficiency in implementing knowledge); poor physical health at the time of the test.
B-, M-, Q1+, (E+, N+)
Low efficiency of thinking, insufficiently developed general level of culture and erudition (possibly due to reasons of frustration or low level of education). Such a person has developed analytical thinking, intellectual interests, and a penchant for free-thinking and radicalism. Specific imagination is noted. (With high scores on factor E - a tendency to make independent, original intellectual decisions; on factor N - developed practical intelligence.)
B-, M+, Q1-, (E+, N+)
Low efficiency of thinking, low level of general culture and erudition, criticality and conservatism in accepting new things, reduced interest in new intellectual knowledge. Such a person has a developed imagination and the ability to operate with abstractions - this property affects such a personality trait as daydreaming. Solving intellectual problems is difficult. High scores on factors E and N compensate for difficulties in making intellectual everyday decisions. A high score on factor E and a low score on factor N characterize a tendency towards dominance and conservative stubbornness.
B-, M-, Q1-
Low efficiency of thinking, inability to update one’s knowledge, low general culture and erudition, conservatism and criticality in accepting new intellectual knowledge, reduced intellectual interests, concreteness of imagination, focus on practical, specific activities. (High scores on factors E and N do not affect intellectual ability, but aggravate negative personality traits: dominance, worldly resourcefulness, stubbornness.)
Self-esteem
MD-
MD = 0-3
Low self-esteem, overly critical attitude towards oneself, dissatisfaction with oneself, lack of self-acceptance.
M.D.
MD = 4-8
Adequate self-esteem, knowledge of oneself and one’s qualities, self-acceptance (indicator of personal maturity).
MD+
MD = 9-14
Inflated self-esteem, uncritical attitude towards oneself, acceptance of oneself and one’s qualities (indicator of personal immaturity).
MD, G+, Q3+, C+, M-
MD = 4-8
Adequate self-esteem, social normativity, emotionally significant responsibility of behavior, self-discipline, self-control of emotions and behavior, emotional stability and concreteness of imagination form a symptom complex that characterizes self-regulation and maturity of the individual.
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