OH. Vostokov and his scientific works. Alexander Khristoforovich Vostokov. Biography Which works expound the grammatical concept of Vostok?
On March 16, 1781, in the city of Arensburg (later Kingisepp, Kuressaare), on the shores of the Gulf of Riga, a boy appeared in the German Ostenek family. Who could then have imagined that in the near future Alexander (that was the name of the newborn) would change his German surname to the Russian Vostokov, begin to consider himself Russian and go down in the history of world science as an outstanding Russian philologist, although they predicted a different future for him and prepared him for a different career.
In 1788, a seven-year-old boy was sent to the St. Petersburg Cadet Corps, and then, since he stuttered a little and could not perform the duties of an officer after graduating from a military school, he was transferred to the Academy of Arts. However, Alexander Khristoforovich Vostokov devoted his life to philology.
He can rightfully be called one of the first lexicographers: he participated in the compilation of the “Dictionary of the Church Slavonic and Russian Languages” (1847), he edited the “Experience of the Regional Great Russian Dictionary” (1852) and an addition to it (1858), he author of the “Dictionary of the Church Slavonic Language” (1858-1861).
Several generations in the 19th century. studied Russian using textbooks by A. Kh. Vostokov.
He is the author of “Abridged Russian Grammar” (1831), published 16 times (until 1877), and “Russian Grammar” (1831), published 12 times (until 1874). V. G. Belinsky called Vostokov’s grammars the best teaching aids of its time.
European fame came to A. Kh. Vostokov in 1820, when his work “Discourse on the Slavic Language, Serving as an Introduction to the Grammar of this Language, Compiled from the Most Ancient Written Monuments” appeared.
In his research, he determined the chronological place of the monuments of the Church Slavonic language, its difference from the Old Russian language in the field of phonetics and morphology. The significance of A. Kh. Vostokov’s work for general linguistics will become clear if we say that all his conclusions were new, not only for Russians, but also for European scientists.
A brilliant expert on the Old Church Slavonic and Old Russian languages, A. Kh. Vostokov not only examined the texts of ancient monuments, but also prepared them for publication. In 1842, “Description of Russian and Slavic Manuscripts” was published. The following year, he published the first of the dated manuscripts that have come down to us, “The Ostromir Gospel” (1056-1057), which is considered one of the best and the only typesetting edition (1843). Of particular value to scientists are A. Kh. Vostokov’s detailed linguistic comments on the text of the monument.
Research of monuments in Old Church Slavonic and Old Russian languages, their description, commentary on them; selection of vocabulary material for compiling dictionaries; writing grammars - all this was connected with working on the word, its meaning; phonetic and semantic transformations in the word, and most importantly - its origin, its etymology.
Vvedenskaya L. A., Kolesnikov N. P. - Etymology - St. Petersburg, 2004
Famous philologist. Born in Arensburg, on the island of Ezele, on March 16, 1781 in the German Osteneck family. Initial colloquial his was German; but for seven years he knew Russian and listened to the tales of the garrison sergeant Savely. Given away... Biographical Dictionary
Alexander Khristoforovich Vostokov Alexander Voldemar Ostenek A. Kh. Vostokov. Miniature of the 1800s Date of birth: March 16 (27) ... Wikipedia
Vostokov Alexander Khristoforovich- real name Ostenek (1781 1864), Russian philologist, paleographer, poet, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1841). He laid the foundations of Slavic studies and comparative linguistics, the foundations of grammatical theory in Russia. Works on comparative grammar... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Large biographical encyclopedia
Vostokov Alexander Khristoforovich- Vostokov (pseudonym; real surname Ostenek) Alexander Khristoforovich, Russian philologist, Slavist, poet. Academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1841). Studied in St. Petersburg in... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
VOSTOKOV Alexander Khristoforovich- VOSTOKOV (real name Ostenek) Alexander Khristoforovich (1781 1864) Russian philologist, poet, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1841). Researcher of Russian tonic versification, monuments of ancient Slavic writing, Slavic grammar, incl... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
VOSTOKOV Alexander Khristoforovich- (17811864), Russian poet, philologist, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1841). Sat. “Lyric experiments and other minor works in verse” (part 12, 180506), “Experiment on Russian versification” (1812, separate edition 1817), “Discourse on the glory... ... Literary encyclopedic dictionary
Vostokov Alexander Khristoforovich- famous philologist; genus. in Arensburg, on the island of Esele, March 16, 1781 in the German Osteneck family. Its original spoken language was German; but for seven years already, having been brought up in Revel by Majorsha Treiblut, he knew Russian and listened to fairy tales...
Vostokov, Alexander Khristoforovich- famous philologist; genus. in Arensburg, on the island of Esele, March 16, 1781 in the German Osteneck family. Its original spoken language was German; but for seven years already, having been brought up in Revel by Majorsha Treiblut, he knew Russian and listened to fairy tales... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron
VOSTOKOV Alexander Khristoforovich- (1781 1864), Russian linguist, philologist, poet. Born on March 16 (27), 1781 in Arensburg (Kuressaare) on the island of Saaremaa (now Estonia). German by origin, real name Ostenek. He studied in St. Petersburg in the Cadet Corps, then at the Academy... ... Collier's Encyclopedia
VOSTOKOV, ALEXANDER KHRISTOFOROVICH(1781–1864), Russian linguist, philologist, poet. Born on March 16 (27), 1781 in Arensburg (Kuressaare) on the island of Saaremaa (now Estonia). German by origin, real name is Ostenek. He studied in St. Petersburg in the Cadet Corps, then at the Academy of Arts, from which he graduated in 1802. He worked in the Public Library, and from 1831 he was the senior librarian of the Rumyantsev Museum. Academician since 1841, Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Tübingen (1825) and Doctor of the University of Prague (1848), member of foreign scientific societies. In the early period of his activity he wrote poetry ( Lyrical experiments and other minor works in verse, 2 vols., 1805–1806); V Experience about Russian versification(1812), highly appreciated by A.S. Pushkin, for the first time determined the size of Russian folk verse. Vostokov died in St. Petersburg on February 8 (20), 1864.
Of outstanding importance for its time was Discourse on the Slavic language, serving as an introduction to the Grammar of this language, compiled according to its oldest written monuments Vostokova. This work, published in 1820, i.e. almost simultaneously with the works of F. Bopp, R. Rusk and J. Grimm published in 1816–1819, he placed Vostokov on a par with the founders of comparative historical linguistics and laid the foundation for the scientific study of the history of Slavic languages. IN Reasoning the relationship of the Church Slavonic language to Russian was determined, and three periods in the history of Slavic languages were identified.
In 1831 Vostokov published two educational grammars of the Russian language, a short one ( Abbreviated Russian grammar for use in lower educational institutions ) and full ( Russian grammar by Alexander Vostokov, more fully presented according to the outline of his abbreviated grammar), which was reprinted several times in the 19th century. He was the first to identify words in the Russian language that have only one numerical form ( walking, sled and other varieties) and words general kind(type headman), made a number of other observations, expressed ideas that influenced further development grammatical theory in Russia.
Important editions of documents were published under his editorship: Historical acts related to Russia, extracted from foreign archives (1841), Description of Russian and Slavic manuscripts of the Rumyantsev Museum(1842). In 1843 he published the most important Slavic monument of the 11th century. Ostromir Gospel. Participated in compilation and editing Dictionary of Church Slavonic and Russian languages(vols. 1–4, 1847) and Experience of the regional Great Russian dictionary(1852). Author Dictionary of the Church Slavonic language(2 vols., 1858–1861) and Grammar of the Church Slavonic language (1863).
VOSTOKOV ALEXANDER KHRISTOFOROVICH
Vostokov Alexander Khristoforovich is a famous philologist. Born in Arensburg, on the island of Ezele, on March 16, 1781 in the German Osteneck family. Its original spoken language was German; but for seven years he already knew Russian and listened to the tales of the garrison sergeant Savely. Sent to the St. Petersburg land gentry corps, he became completely Russified and had been writing poetry for 13 years. He showed great ability, but was hampered by his stuttering. In view of this, his superiors transferred him in 1794 to the Academy of Arts, where he learned French. After completing the course, he was left as a boarder for three years; but he was not at all attracted to art. His first literary and scientific works appeared in the journals of the Free Society of Lovers of Literature, Science and the Arts (see XI, 535), of which he became a member in 1801. His poems were collected by him and published under the title: “Lyrical Experiences” (St. Petersburg, 1805 - 1806; new edition 1821). Artistically, they are very weak, although they are not devoid of thought and sometimes animation, as, for example, “To Harpocrates”; Vostokov’s unsuccessful attempt to write with the meters that were used in classical poetry is curious. Vostokov’s critical articles, which he wrote as a “censor” of society and which were extracted from magazines by E. Petukhov, are also of little importance; the analysis concerns only the correctness or incorrectness of any expression. He served in the commission for drafting laws, in the Public Library and in the department of spiritual affairs. Already in 1803, he began to study monuments of Old Russian and Church Slavonic languages. In 1810, he was already well acquainted with such monuments as “Russian Truth”, “Teachings of Vladimir Monomakh”, “Chronicle of Nestor”, “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”, “Collection of Svyatoslav 1076”. In 1810, he reads (probably in the company of literature lovers) his translation of Dobrovsky's notes on Schletser's discussions of the Old Church Slavonic language, equipped with his own notes. In 1808, he added several notes to I. Born’s “Brief Guide to Russian Grammar,” revealing the future of a thorough and accurate observer and describer of linguistic facts. In the “St. Petersburg Bulletin” of 1812 he published “An Experience on Russian Versification,” which was also published separately (St. Petersburg, 1817). Here, for the first time, Vostokov completely correctly determined the meter, that is, the emphasis in folk verse. In 1820, Vostokov’s work appeared, which gave him European fame: “Discourse on the Slavic language, serving as an introduction to the grammar of this language” (in “Proceedings of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature at Moscow University,” vol. XVII). Here Vostokov indicated the chronological place of monuments of the Church Slavonic language, determined its differences from Old Russian, indicated the meaning of nasal and voiceless vowels, the use of wide vowels after back-lingual vowels, the presence of nasal vowels in the Polish language, explained the formation of endings in adjectives, discovered the absence of gerunds and the presence of a supine, which he called the achievement mood. All these conclusions were complete news not only for Russians, but also for European scientists; only the attainative mood was noted earlier by Dobrovsky under the name supina. This scientist, who was publishing “Institutiones linguae Slavicae dialecti veteris” at that time, having familiarized himself with Vostokov’s work, wanted to destroy the beginning of his work and did not do this, only yielding to Kopitar’s convictions. The Russian Academy and other scientific societies elected Vostokov as a member. Then Vostokov began to describe the manuscripts of the Kyiv Metropolitan Eugene and the Laurentian copy of the Nestor Chronicle; participated in Köppen’s “Bibliographical Sheets”, where he published, among other things, an article about the supra-historical manuscript. His article dates back to 1827: “Grammatical explanations of three articles of the Freisingen manuscript” (in the “Collection of Slovenian monuments located outside Russia”), important both for the impeccable edition of the text and for the comments that are still correct. Great importance there was Vostokov’s edition of the legend: “The Murder of St. Vyacheslav, Prince of Czech” (“Moscow Bulletin”, 1827, ¦ 17). Having been released from service in various institutions in 1824, Vostokov, who had established relations with Count N.P. even earlier. Rumyantsev, got the opportunity to start describing the manuscripts of his collection. After the death of Count Rumyantsev, his collection went to the treasury, and Vostokov in 1828 was appointed to manage it. After spending some time as the custodian of manuscripts in the Imperial Public Library, Vostokov was appointed senior librarian of the Rumyantsev Museum. In the same year, Vostokov published two grammars: “Abridged Russian Grammar” and “Russian Grammar, more fully presented according to the outline of the abbreviated grammar.” These are remarkable textbooks for that time, in which, however, Vostokov’s fear of boldly going against established philological traditions was reflected. 1841 - 1842, under his editorship, the following was published: “Historical Acts Relating to Russia, Extracted from Foreign Archives and Libraries” (2 volumes). In 1842, his “Description of Russian and Slavic Manuscripts of the Rumyantsev Museum” was published, which has an enormous price ; only after this work did it become possible to study ancient Russian literature and Russian antiquities. In 1843, his equally important work was published: “The Ostromir Gospel with the application of the Greek text of the Gospels and with grammatical explanations” (St. Petersburg), which has now lost its significance due to new phototype edition. At the same time, he wrote an analysis of the Reims Gospel. Of Vostokov’s other works, the most prominent are dictionary ones. Back in 1835, he was appointed “a member of the committee for the publication of a dictionary in alphabetical order”; but he set to work especially diligently on dictionaries when in 1841 he was appointed an ordinary academician. In 1847, volume II of the “Dictionary of the Church Slavonic and Russian Language” was published under his editorship, and in 1852, “The Experience of the Regional Great Russian Language” (“Addition” to it, St. Petersburg, 1858). Responsibility for these works is largely removed from Vostokov, because the 2nd Department of the Academy of Sciences laid its hand on them. Vostokov's constant occupation for many years was "Slavic-Russian etymological dictionary", which he began around 1802, and perhaps earlier and for its time is in many ways remarkable, but remained unpublished (see S. Bulich "Essay on the history of linguistics in Russia", vol. I, 653 - 667). Instead he published the extensive "Dictionary of the Church Slavonic Language" (St. Petersburg, 1858 - 1861, 2 volumes). Together with the "Grammar of the Church Slavonic Language" ("Scholarly Notes", 1863, VII), this work is a major acquisition of Russian science. Vostokov died on February 8, 1864. Vostokov’s merits were recognized both in Russia and abroad. Vostokov’s philological works were collected specifically by I. Sreznevsky in the book “Philological Observations of A.Kh. Vostokov" (St. Petersburg, 1865), where in the preface he made an assessment. Vostokov's scientific correspondence was also published by Sreznevsky ("Collection of the II Department of the Imperial Academy of Sciences", vol. V, issue 2, St. Petersburg, 1873). In person Vostokov's remarkable trait is his love for the Russian language, which forced him to even change his native surname Ostenek to the surname of Vostokov. Vostokov's amazing modesty was the reason that the academy, so generous in material rewards in relation to its members, bypassed him. Thus, when the most mediocre secretary Academy P. I. Sokolov ("convict" - in Voeikov's satire "Madhouse") was given 13,000 rubles "for tireless work and zeal", Vostokov received the same award as the 14-year-old girl Shakhova, who received 500 rubles for poetry - See I. Sreznevsky in " Solemn meeting Imperial Academy of Sciences on December 29, 1864" (St. Petersburg, 1865, pp. 86 - 138); his "Works and Anniversary of Vostokov" ("Scientific Notes of the 2nd Branch of the Imperial Academy of Sciences", book II, issue 1, 1856) ; N. Korelkin "Alexander Khristoforovich Vostokov, his scientific and literary activities" ("Notes of the Fatherland", 1855, ¦ 1); N.I. Grech "In Memory of Alexander Khristoforovich Vostokov" (St. Petersburg, 1864); M.D. Khmyrov in the "Portrait Gallery of Russian Figures", published by A. Munster (vol. II, St. Petersburg, 1869); E. Petukhov "Some new data from the scientific and literary activities of Alexander Khristoforovich Vostokov" ("Journal of the Ministry of Public Education", 1890 , part CCLXVIII); Y. Grot "Alexander Khristoforovich Vostokov" ("Slavic Review", 1892, ¦ 4); V.I. Sreznevsky "Notes of Alexander Khristoforovich Vostokov about his life" ("Collection of the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy Sciences, vol. LXX and separately, St. Petersburg, 1901).
Brief biographical encyclopedia. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what VOSTOKOV ALEXANDER KHRISTOFOROVICH is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- VOSTOKOV ALEXANDER KHRISTOFOROVICH in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
(pseudonym; real surname Ostenek) Alexander Khristoforovich, Russian philologist-Slavist, poet. Academician of St. Petersburg... -
famous philologist; genus. in Arensburg, on the island of Esele, March 16, 1781 in the German Osteneck family. Its original spoken language... - VOSTOKOV, ALEXANDER KHRISTOFOROVICH in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia:
? famous philologist; genus. in Arensburg, on the island of Esele, March 16, 1781 in the German Osteneck family. The original spoken language... - VOSTOKOV, ALEXANDER KHRISTOFOROVICH in Collier's Dictionary:
(1781-1864), Russian linguist, philologist, poet. Born on March 16 (27), 1781 in Arensburg (Kuressaare) on the island of Saaremaa (now Estonia). German by origin... - ALEXANDER in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Weapons:
Jehan, master of crossbows. Belgium. ... - ALEXANDER in the Dictionary of Hebrew Name Meanings:
(male) Jews give this name in honor of Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia. The Talmud says that when Alexander saw the high priest of the Jerusalem Temple, ... - ALEXANDER in the Bible Encyclopedia of Nikephoros:
1 Mac 1:1 - King of Macedonia, son of Philip the 11th, the greatest of conquerors. Its glorious history is undoubtedly known to every reader of the world... - ALEXANDER in the Dictionary-Reference Book of Myths of Ancient Greece:
1) the name of Paris when he lived with the shepherds and did not know about his origin. 2) son of Eurystheus, king of Mycenae, and ... - ALEXANDER in the Concise Dictionary of Mythology and Antiquities:
(Alexander, ????????????), called the Great, king of Macedonia and conqueror of Asia, was born in Pella in 356 BC. He was ... - ALEXANDER
Alexander, ALEXANDER1) see Paris; 2) nephew of the tyrant Polyphron of Pheraeus (in Thessaly), killed him and himself became a tyrant in 369... - ALEXANDER in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology:
Byzantine emperor of the Macedonian dynasty, who reigned in 912-913. Son of Vasily I. Died June 6, 913. Alexander reigned with Constantine, son ... - ALEXANDER in biographies of Monarchs:
Byzantine emperor of the Macedonian dynasty, who reigned in 912-913. Son of Vasily I. Died June 6, 913. Alexander reigned with Constantine, ... - VOSTOKOV
(real name Ostenek) Alexander Khristoforovich (1781-1864) Russian philologist, poet, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1841). Researcher of Russian tonic versification, monuments of ancient Slavic writing, ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
VIII (Alexander) (in the world Pietro Ottoboni Pietro Ottoboni) (1610-1691), Pope from 1689. Cardinal (1652) and Bishop of Brescia (1654). Achieved... - ALEXANDER in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky. - 2nd son of Grand Duke Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, great-grandson of Monomakhov, b. On May 30, 1220, during the Grand Duchy of Vladimir there was... - ALEXANDER in the Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- ALEXANDER in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
I (1777 - 1825), Russian emperor since 1801. The eldest son of Emperor Paul I. At the beginning of his reign, he carried out reforms prepared by the Secret ... - VOSTOKOV
VOSTOKOV (real name Ostenek) Al-dr. Christoph. (1781-1864), grew up. philologist, paleographer, poet, academician. Petersburg AN (1841). Lay the foundations of Slavic studies and compare. ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
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ALEXANDER MIKHAILOVICH (1301-39), leader. Prince of Vladimir (1325-27) and Tver (1325-27 and from 1337). Prince's son Mikhail Yaroslavich. Competed with Ivan... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER THE GREAT, Alexander the Great (356-323 BC), one of the greatest commanders of antiquity, king of Macedonia from 336. Son of King Philip II; ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER I KARAGEORGIEVICH (1888-1934), from 1921 King of Yugoslavia (until 1929 Cort of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes). Participant in the Balkan Wars of 1912-13, in ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER KAZIMIROVICH, Jagiellon (1461-1506), leader. Prince of Lithuania from 1492, King of Poland from 1501. Son of Casimir IV. With him it intensified... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
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ALEXANDER BATTENBERG, see Battenberg... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER OF APHRODISIA, ancient Greek. peripatetic philosopher schools (late 2nd - early 3rd centuries). Commentator on Aristotle, influenced the Paduan school, P. ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
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ALEXANDER II (?-1605), king of Kakheti from 1574. Fought with Iran. aggression. In 1587 he swore allegiance to the Russians. Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich. ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER I Georgievich (?-1511), king of Kakheti from 1476. Fought against the Iranian Turks. aggression, in 1491-92 sent friendships. embassy to Russia. IN … - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER III (1845-94), born. Emperor since 1881. Second son of Alexander II. In the 1st half. 80s carried out the abolition of the poll tax... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER II (1818-81), born. Emperor since 1855. The eldest son of Nicholas I. Abolished serfdom and carried out a number of reforms (zemstvo, ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER I (1777-1825), born. Emperor since 1801. The eldest son of Paul I. At the beginning of his reign, he carried out moderate liberal reforms developed by the Secret ... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER (1603-78), church. figure, Bishop of Vyatka in 1657-74. Opponent of the church. reforms of Patriarch Nikon, patronized the Old Believers. After church The Council of 1666 brought... - ALEXANDER in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ALEXANDER of Gaels (Alexander Halensis) (c. 1170 or c. 1185-1245), philosopher, representative. Augustinian Platonism, Franciscan. He taught in Paris. In his… - ALEXANDER in the dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian language.
- VOSTOKOV in Modern explanatory dictionary, TSB:
(real name Ostenek) Alexander Khristoforovich (1781-1864), Russian philologist, poet, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1841). Researcher of Russian tonic versification, monuments of ancient Slavic writing, ... - VOSTOKOV AVDIY in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "TREE". Avdiy Vostokov - lit. pseudonym of the archbishop. Anatoly (Martynovsky) (+ 1872). Under this pseudonym in 1857... - SABININ ANATOLY HRISTOFOROVICH
Sabinin (Anatoly Khristoforovich) - doctor-writer, born in 1850, graduated from a course at the Medical-Surgical Academy in 1875, is a senior physician ... - REITERN MIKHAIL KHRISTOFOROVICH in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Reitern (Count Mikhail Khristoforovich, 1820 - 1890) - statesman, received his education at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum; began service in the Ministry of Finance,... - PALAUZOV NIKOLAY HRISTOFOROVICH in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Palauzov (Nikolai Khristoforovich) - Russian-Bulgarian figure, originally from Gabrovo, censor of the Odessa censorship and member of the Odessa customs, a student of the Richelieu Lyceum, where ...
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