Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov Explanatory Dictionary. Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov. Biographical note. Ozhegov's main work

We have a rich language that is so powerful and flexible that it can put literally anything into words. In its grandeur, it is not inferior to any language in the world. It is constantly being improved, at the same time having a rich foundation and linguistic traditions. It is valuable and self-sufficient, is the history of the people, reflects the culture. The language must be protected and studied, this should become a necessity for every Russian person. The greatness and richness of the language is reflected in books, especially those relating to classical literature, or in dictionaries and reference books that reflect the norms. And of course, we must know and remember those great scientists who laid the foundation of our native language.

Linguistics

Linguistics is the study of language. She considers the main function of the language as a means of communication, its historical development and patterns. Linguistics explores language theory: what is the system of language, what is the nature of grammatical categories, etc.

Science observes the facts of speech, perceives native speakers, linguistic phenomena, linguistic material.

Linguistics is closely connected with other sciences: history, archeology, ethnography, psychology, philosophy. This is because language accompanies us everywhere, in all areas of life.

In any science, key personalities stand out. Speaking about linguistics, we can name such names: Victor Vinogradov, Baudouin de Courtenay, Lev Shcherba and many others. And let's also name our Russian scholar Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov, to whom this article will be devoted.

Renowned linguist

Sergey Ozhegov, who graduated from the gymnasium in the Tver province, then the philological faculty of Leningrad University, participated in the battles on the territory of the Ukrainian Fleet during the Civil War, completed postgraduate studies, taught at many Moscow universities, today is better known as the author-compiler of the dictionary, which we also use this day. Collection of Russian words S.I. Ozhegov is the result of the colossal work of the scientist. All modern commonly used vocabulary is collected here, cases of word compatibility and the most common phraseological units are shown. This work was the basis of many translated collections of Russian words.

Ozhegov about language

Sergei Ozhegov spoke a lot about the simplification of Russian spelling. The author's quotations also contained his suggestions for improving the stereotyped 1964 edition of the dictionary. Ozhegov said that new words that had recently appeared in the Russian language should be included in the collection. It is also necessary to reconsider and rethink the concepts of some new words. And of course, you need to pay attention to the norms of the use and pronunciation of the Russian language.

Another statement by S.I. Ozhegov about language concerns the accuracy of word usage. The scientist spoke about the high culture of speech, which consists in the ability to find an intelligible, appropriate word to express one's thoughts.

The dictionary of this Russian linguist has become a popular reference publication. Sergei Ozhegov himself joked about this. His quotes indicate the need for this collection: the number of published books of the dictionary is not inferior to the number of published works of the classics of Marxism-Leninism.

Life and art

The surname of the famous linguist has Siberian roots. It is based on the word "burn", they called a stick to check the readiness of molten metal for pouring.

Ozhegov Sergei Ivanovich, speaking about his biography, always mentioned the fact that their surname comes from the Demidov serfs. In the family of his grandfather, who worked for more than fifty years at the Yekaterinburg smelter, there were fourteen children, and all subsequently had a higher education.

Sergei Ozhegov was born into the family of a mining engineer and a midwife at a factory hospital at the end of September 1900. His small homeland is the village of Kamennoye in the past of the Tver province.

The craving for knowledge inherent in their surname manifested itself in the fact that, having entered a higher educational institution, Sergey Ivanovich Ozhegov was forced to quit his studies and go to the front. But, having returned from the front, in the 20s he nevertheless graduated from Leningrad University. His teachers were well-known linguists of that time and L.V. Shcherba. Sergei Ozhegov immediately entered the circle of Leningrad scientists, then met his Moscow colleagues and gained fame there.

Since 1952, S.I. Ozhegov was the head of the verbal department at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. reflected in the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language", the editor-in-chief of which was D.N. Ushakov. The development team included Ozhegov. Also Ozhegov's merit is the authorship of the Dictionary of the Russian Language.

Friendship with famous linguists

At that time, linguists V.V. Vinogradov and D.I. Ushakov. They are joined by Ozhegov Sergey Ivanovich, a linguist whose career is developing successfully here, since he is part of a group working on a four-volume edition of D.I. Ushakov.

In addition, the young linguist is friends with the famous scientist A. Reformatsky, who later became the author of a classic textbook on linguistics.

Ozhegov's main work

Working on material for the collection of D.I. Ozhegov got excited about the idea of ​​creating a dictionary for wide use. Work on this collection began before the war with the Nazis. Ozhegov believed in the strength of the Red Army, which would not allow the Germans into Moscow, so he remained in the city. He gave all this difficult wartime to his offspring. Moscow linguists G. Vinokur and V. Petrosyan were co-authors in the work on the dictionary. But gradually they moved away from work, and S.I. Ozhegov almost alone did all the work.

Sergei Ozhegov continued to work to the last. The dictionary of the Russian language was constantly refined by him, its construction was improved. The author accepted language as a constantly changing living phenomenon. He enjoyed watching the changes taking place in the language.

There are a number of well-known facts that will complement the knowledge about S.I. Ozhegov and his dictionary:

• many mispronounced the linguist's last name, emphasizing the second syllable;
• censorship initially did not pass the word "mistress", seeing in it a depraved meaning;
• censorship and church vocabulary, such words as "nalay", "iconostasis" did not suit;
• the word "Leningrader" during the reprint of the dictionary was introduced artificially so that the words "lother" and "Leninist" did not appear next to each other;
• the interpretation of the word "rape" in Ozhegov's dictionary helped one guy get out of prison, since his actions did not fall under rape;
• there are six editions of Ozhegov's dictionary published during his lifetime;
• Recently, a student of S.I. has been working on the dictionary. Ozhegova N.Yu. Shvedova; the heirs of a famous linguist do not like some of the principles of her work.

Ozhegov family

Sergei Ozhegov experienced a lot in his life, his family experienced a lot of complex, dramatic events that are characteristic of the Russian intelligentsia.

His father, an engineer at the Kuvshinova paper mill, received a four-room apartment, where the local intelligentsia often gathered. The settlement was advanced: innovations were constantly introduced at the factory, a school, the People's House, and a hospital were built. In the latter, Ozhegov's mother worked as a midwife. In addition to Sergei, the eldest, there were two more sons in their family. The middle one became an architect, the youngest - a railway worker.

In 1909, the Ozhegov family moved to St. Petersburg. Here Sergey went to the gymnasium, enrolled in a chess club and a sports society. Having successfully graduated from the gymnasium, he entered a higher educational institution, but the war prevented education.

Nevertheless, after the war, he still graduated from the university. Before receiving a diploma, Sergei Ozhegov married a student from the philological faculty. Her father was a priest, an excellent self-taught musician, performing classical and folk music.

Ozhegov was a very sociable person. Friendly companies always gathered in his house, a benevolent atmosphere reigned.

Ozhegov's wife was a great hostess, they lived together for about forty years, raised their son.

During the war, the Moscow family of Ozhegov moved to Tashkent, but almost all of the Leningrad relatives of the scientist could not survive the blockade. Left a niece. A five-year-old girl was sent to an orphanage, later S.I. Ozhegov found her and adopted her.

Ozhegov's merit

Ozhegov Sergei Ivanovich did a lot for Russian linguistics, whose contribution to the Russian language is very great. He is the author and compiler of many dictionaries and reference books. S.I. Ozhegov is known as a member of the Commission of the Moscow Council, deputy chairman of the commission of the Academy of Sciences, scientific consultant, teacher at the university.

Scientific works of Ozhegov

The main scientific works of S.I. Ozhegov reflect the issues of Russian lexicology and lexicography. He worked a lot on the history of the Russian language, studied sociolinguistics, the culture of Russian speech. Also, Sergey Ozhegov, a linguist, made a great contribution to the study of the language of individual writers (I.A. Krylova, and others). He worked a lot on the normativity of the Russian language: he was the editor of various reference dictionaries and language collections.

(1900-1964) Russian linguist, lexicographer

The Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language, created by the scientist, has long become the most popular reference book on the Russian language, a model for creating many Russian-national dictionaries that record modern vocabulary. Ozhegov himself joked that in terms of the number of published copies, his dictionary is not inferior to the works of the classics of Marxism-Leninism.

The biography of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov and his relatives is so full of complex, dramatic events that it could well become the basis of an independent work dedicated to the fate of the Russian intelligentsia.

The Ozhegovs came from Demidov serfs who worked in the Ural factories (“burn” was a stick that was dipped into molten metal to determine the degree of readiness of the mass). Sergei's grandfather worked as a laboratory assistant at the Yekaterinburg plant, he managed to give all his fourteen sons and daughters a higher education. Sergei's father, Ivan Ivanovich, became an engineer and got a job at the Kuvshinova paper mill, famous for its technical innovations. Kuvshinova herself was close to social democratic ideas and managed to create a well-maintained residential village in Kamennoye, in which there were not only hospitals and schools, but even the People's House. The young engineer received a four-room apartment, which became the center of the gathering of the local intelligentsia. It is known that Maxim Gorky, who was a guest, also visited there.

Sergei Ozhegov's mother worked as a midwife in a factory hospital. She gave birth to three sons, the eldest of whom was Sergei. The middle of the brothers later studied at the Institute of Civil Officers at the Faculty of Architecture, the youngest became a student at the Institute of Communications.

In 1909 the Ozhegovs moved to St. Petersburg. Ivan Ivanovich began to work in the Expedition for the Procurement of State Papers (the future Goznak). He received an apartment that housed his extended family. Sergei began to go to the gymnasium, became interested in chess, was a member of a sports society. After graduating from high school, he entered the Petrograd University, but soon went to relatives in the town of Opochka.

December 5, 1918 Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov enlisted as a volunteer in the Red Army. He had to fight near Narva as the chief of staff of the battalion. For the battles in Karelia, he was awarded a special sign "In memory of the liberation of Soviet Karelia from the White Finnish gangs."

In the middle of 1920, the division in which Ozhegov served was transferred to southern Ukraine. He heads the regimental intelligence, then the regimental headquarters. At that time, intense battles were fought with Wrangel's troops, but Sergei Ozhegov also had to participate in the elimination of local gangs. Soon he was appointed chief of staff of the rear.

Until 1922, Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov served in senior positions at the headquarters of the Kharkov Military District in Yekaterinoslav (now Dnepropetrovsk). He is offered to continue his education at the military academy, but Sergei refuses, is demobilized for health reasons and returns to Petrograd, continues his studies at the philological faculty of the university.

Shortly before graduating from university, Ozhegov married a student at the Faculty of Philology of the Pedagogical Institute named after Alexander Herzen. Ozhegov's father-in-law, a priest, once dreamed of a conservatory, but fate decreed otherwise, and he realized his love for music in the family circle. In the memoirs of Ozhegov's son, it is said that the grandfather masterfully played both classical and folk music on the harmonium.

Already in senior years, Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov began to teach Russian. In 1926 he graduated from Leningrad University and gradually entered the circle of Leningrad linguists. He called future academicians V.V. Vinogradova and L.V. Shcherba. D.N. played a special role in the fate of Ozhegov. Ushakov, who attracted him to work on a four-volume explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. At the same time, the young philologist strikes up a friendship with A. Reformatsky, who later wrote the classic textbook on the course "Introduction to Linguistics".

Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov did not belong to the armchair recluses, he loved friendly companies and considered communication with friends the best vacation. Ozhegov's wife knew how to create a friendly and trusting atmosphere in the house. The couple lived in marriage for almost forty years, raising their son.

Shortly before the start of World War II, the family moved to Moscow. Sergey Ozhegov quickly gets used to the Moscow way of life and gets a rare opportunity to observe native speakers of different cultural levels. At the same time, he began to work on the Dictionary of the Russian Language.

Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov conceived the idea of ​​creating a concise dictionary "of a popular type, striving for the active normalization of modern literary speech." Later he summarized his observations in the articles “On three types of explanatory dictionaries of the modern Russian language” and “On the structure of the dictionary of the Russian language”.

The established life was cut short with the beginning of the war. Having sent his family to relatives in Tashkent, Ozhegov enrolls in the people's militia. But, being a famous scientist, he was subject to "reservation" and, remaining in Moscow, headed the Institute of Language and Writing of the Academy of Sciences until his return from the evacuation of the former leadership.

During the war, Sergei Ozhegov lost almost all of his Leningrad relatives. His five-year-old niece ended up in an orphanage. Later, Sergei Ivanovich found the girl, brought her to Moscow and adopted her.

After the war, Ozhegov continued his scientific activity, constantly improving the structure and composition of the dictionary. In total, he managed to prepare four reprints, fixing in each new release the changes that took place in the vocabulary of the modern Russian language. Ozhegov's successful scientific activity was duly appreciated by his colleagues: he was awarded, without defense, first the degree of a candidate, and then a doctor of philological sciences.

The works of Sergei Ozhegov are devoted to the problems of lexicology, lexicography, sociolinguistics, the theory and practice of the culture of speech, the history of the Russian literary language, and the language of individual writers. The scientist prepared the Dictionary for the Plays of Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky for publication, but it was only released after Ozhegov's death.

The scientist edited the Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language (1956), other reference dictionaries - Russian Literary Pronunciation and Stress (1955), Correctness of Russian Speech (1962). It is difficult for a modern reader to even imagine what a colossal work is behind a simple enumeration of Ozhegov's dictionary works. Indeed, together with his associates, he practically prepared a reform of the Russian language, which led to certain changes in established norms.

Since 1952, Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov headed the Speech Culture Sector of the Institute of the Russian Language of the USSR Academy of Sciences. We can say that Sergei Ivanovich is the founder of the culture of speech as an independent philological discipline. He came up with the idea of ​​organizing a public reception room, in which the employees of the institute are still on duty, patiently answering the phone when subscribers ask to confirm the rules for the use of certain words. Ozhegov was also the founder and editor-in-chief of the collection Questions of the Culture of Speech.

The death of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov came as a surprise to his relatives: after the operation, he contracted infectious hepatitis and died suddenly. The urn with the ashes of the scientist rests at the Novodevichy cemetery.

S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language

Ah, union. 1. Connects sentences or members of a sentence, expressing opposition, comparison. He went and I stayed. Write with a pen, not a pencil. Handsome, not smart. 2. Attaches sentences or members of a sentence with the meaning of adding something. with a consistent presentation, with the meaning of explanation, objection, amplification, transition to another thought. There is a house on the mountain, and a stream under the mountain. It would be a swamp, but there are devils (last). What you. are you doing today? and tomorrow? It's not his fault. - And who is to blame, if not him? 3. Use. at the beginning of interrogative and exclamatory sentences, as well as at the beginning of speech to enhance expressiveness, persuasiveness (often in combination with pronouns, adverbs, other unions). And how we will have fun! And yet I do not agree. * And also (and), union - expresses attachment, amplifying or comparative addition. Skillful driver, as well as a locksmith. Acts in films as well as on television. And then - 1) union, otherwise, otherwise. Hurry, or you'll be late; 2) in reality, but in reality. If it were so, otherwise the opposite is true; And then! (but how!) (simple) - expresses in response: 1) confident agreement, confirmation. Frozen? - And then! Frost in the yard; 2) ironic disagreement, denial: Will he go? -And then! Wait! And not that, the union is the same as that (in 1 value). And even, the union - attaches a message about something. unwanted or unexpected. Screaming, and then beat.

A2, particle (colloquial). 1. Indicates a question or response to someone. the words. Let's go for a walk, shall we? Why don't you answer? - A? What's happened? 2. Strengthens circulation. Vanya, Vanya! 3. [pronounced with varying degrees of duration]. Expresses clarification, satisfied understanding. Ah, so it was you! Why didn't you call? - The phone didn't work! - Ah! Ah, so wat what's the matter!

A3 [pronounced with varying degrees of duration], int. Expresses annoyance, bitterness, as well as surprise, gloating and other similar feelings. What have I done? - Ah! Ah, got it!

Ah... an attachment. Forms nouns and adjectives with meaning. absence (in words with a foreign root), the same as "not", for example. asymmetry, illogical, immoral, arrhythmic, asynchronous.

Lampshade, -a, m. A cap for a lamp, a lamp. Green a. 11 app. lampshade, th, th.

ABAZINSKY, th, th. 1. see Abaza. 2. Relating to the Abaza, to their language, national character, way of life, culture, as well as to the territory of their residence, its internal structure, history; such as the Abaza. A. language (Abkhaz-Adyghe group of Caucasian languages). In Abaza (adv.).

ABAZINS, -in, units. -inets, -ntsa, m. The people living in Karachay-Cherkessia and in Adygea. II well. abaza, -i. II adj, Abaza, -th, -th.

ABBAT, -a, m. 1. Rector of a male Catholic monastery. 2. Catholic clergyman. II adj. abbey, th, th.

ABBATIS, -y, f. Mother Superior of a female Catholic monastery.

ABBEY, -a, cf. Catholic monastery.

ABBREVIATION, -s, f. In word formation: a noun formed from truncated segments of words (for example, executive committee, Komsomol), from the same segments in combination with a whole word (for example, maternity hospital, spare parts), as well as from the initial sounds of words or the names of their initial letters (for example ., university, automatic telephone exchange, Moscow Art Theater, computer, hard currency), a compound word. II adj. abbreviation, -th, -th.

ABERRATION, -i, g. (specialist.). Deviation from something, as well as distortion of something. A. light rays. A. optical systems (image distortion). A. ideas (trans.). II adj. aberrational, th, th.

PARAGRAPH, -a, m. 1. Red line, indent at the beginning of the line. Start writing with a paragraph. 2. Text between two such indents. Read the first a.

ABYSSINIAN, th, th. 1. see Abyssinians. 2. Relating to the Abyssinians, to their language, national character, way of life, culture, as well as to Abyssinia (the former name of Ethiopia), its territory, internal structure, history; such as the Abyssinians in Abyssinia. Abyssinian (adv.).

ABISSINIANS, -ev, vd. -net, -ntsa, m. The former name of the population of Ethiopia (Abyssinia), Ethiopians. II well. Abyssinian, -i. II adj. Abyssinian, th, th.

APPLICANT, -a, m. 1. High school graduate (obsolete). 2. A person entering a higher or special educational institution. II well. entrant, and II adj. entrant, th, th.

SUBSCRIPTION, -a, m. A document granting the right to use something, something. service, as well as the right itself. A. to the theatre. A. for a series of lectures. Interlibrary a. II adj. subscription, th, th.

SUBSCRIBER, -a, m. A person using a subscription, having the right to use something. by subscription. A. libraries. A. telephone network (person or institution that has a telephone). II well. subscriber, -i (colloquial). II adj. subscriber, -th, -th.

SUBSCRIBE, -ruyu, -ruesh; -any; owls. and nesov., that. Get (-chat) by subscription, become (be) a subscriber of something. A. I lie down in the theater.

BOARDING, -a, m. In the era of the rowing and sailing fleet: an attack on an enemy ship during close approach to it for hand-to-hand combat. Take on a. (also trans.). II adj. boarding, th, th.

ABORIGEN, -a, m. (book). Indigenous inhabitant of the country, locality. II well. aborigine, -i (colloquial).

NATIVE, th, th. Relating to the natives, to their life, to the places of their original habitat; like the aborigines.

ABORTION, -a, m. Premature termination of pregnancy, spontaneous or artificial, miscarriage.

ABORTIVE, -th, -th (spec.). 1. Suspending or dramatically changing the development, course of the disease. A. method. Abortive remedies. 2. Underdeveloped. Abortive organs of plants. II n. abortion, and (to 2 values).

ABRASIVE, -a, m. (special). Solid fine-grained or powdery substance (flint, emery, corundum, carborundum, pumice, garnet) used for grinding, polishing, sharpening. II adj. abrasive, th, th. abrasive materials. A. tool (grinding, polishing).

ABRACADABRA, -s, f. A meaningless, incomprehensible set of words [originally: a mysterious Persian word that served as a saving magic spell].

ABREK, -a, m. During the annexation of the Caucasus to Russia: a mountaineer who participated in the struggle against the tsarist troops and administration.

APRICOT, -a, genus pl. -ov, m. Southern fruit tree rosaceous, giving juicy sweet fruits with a large stone, as well as its fruit. II adj. apricot, th, th apricot, oh, th.

APRICOT, th, th. 1. see apricot. 2. Yellow-red, the color of a ripe apricot.

ABRIS, -a, m. (book). The outline of the object, the contour. II adj. outline, th, th.

ABSENTHEISM [sente], -a, m. (book). Evasion of voters from participating in elections to state bodies. II adj. ab-senteist, th, th.

ABSOLUTE, -a, m. (book). 1. In philosophy: the eternal, unchanging fundamental principle of everything that exists (spirit, idea, deity). 2. Something self-sufficient, independent of any. conditions and relationships. Raise something. in a.

ABSOLUTISM, -a, m. The form of government, under which the supreme power entirely belongs to the autocratic monarch, an unlimited monarchy. adj. absolutist, th, th.

ABSOLUTE, -th, -th; -ten, -tna. 1. full f. Unconditional, independent of anything, taken beyond comparison with something. The absolute value of a real number (in mathematics: the number itself, taken without a + or - sign). A. zero (temperature at -273.15 ° C). A. champion (athlete - winner in the all-around, in some other types of competitions). 2. Perfect, complete. A. peace. He is absolutely (adv.) right. Absolute majority (overwhelming majority). Absolute monarchy (autocracy). A. hearing (hearing, accurately determining the height of any tone). II n. absoluteness, -i, f. (to 2 values).

ABSTRACT, -ruyu, -ruesh; -a-ny; owls. and nonsov., that (book). Produce (-lead) an abstraction (in 1 meaning) of something.

In 1917, after graduating from high school, Ozhegov entered the Faculty of Linguistics and Material Culture of Petrograd University. At the end of 1918 he left the university and enrolled as a volunteer in the Red Army. Participated in battles near Narva, Pskov and Riga, on the Karelian Isthmus, then in Ukraine, on the Wrangel front.

After the end of hostilities in 1922, Ozhegov was offered a ticket to the military academy, but he refused, was demobilized and returned to Petrograd University.

While still at university, he began teaching Russian.

In 1926, Ozhegov graduated from his studies and, on the recommendation of his teachers Viktor Vinogradov, Lev Shcherba and Boris Lyapunov, was recommended for graduate school at the Institute of the History of Literature and Languages ​​of the West and East at Leningrad State University.

Ozhegov was seriously engaged in the study of the history of the Russian literary language, historical grammar, lexicology, orthoepy (pronunciation norm) of the language of Russian writers, spelling and phraseology. The main object of his scientific works was colloquial Russian speech in all its manifestations.

In addition to scientific work, he also taught at the State Institute of Art History, Pedagogical Institute. A. I. Herzen.

From the end of the 1920s. Sergei Ivanovich began work on the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language, edited by Dmitry Ushakov.

In 1936, Ozhegov moved to Moscow, where he continued to work with a dictionary that went down in the history of Russian culture as "Ushakov's Dictionary". The first volume was published in 1935, and in 1940 the last 4th volume was published. It was a real event in scientific life.

In 1937-1941. Sergei Ivanovich taught at the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and Art.

Since 1939 he was a researcher at the Institute of Language and Writing.

During the Great Patriotic War, Ozhegov remained in Moscow until the return of the former leadership from the evacuation. He developed a course of Russian paleography and taught it to students of the Pedagogical Institute during the war years. Wanting to at least somehow be useful to the country, together with other remaining colleagues, he organized a linguistic scientific society, studied the language of wartime.

On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, Ozhegov began work on the Dictionary of the Russian Language. He conceived the idea of ​​creating a concise popular type dictionary. Professor Grigory Vinokur, as well as Academician Sergei Obnorsky as the editor-in-chief, took part in the preparation of the first edition. The first edition of the dictionary was published in 1949 and immediately attracted the attention of readers, scholars and critics. Since 1949 the dictionary has been reprinted 8 times. Ozhegov almost until the end of his life worked on the dictionary: he made improvements, improved its structure.

At present, the Dictionary of the Russian Language occupies a special place among other explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language. This is the only relatively complete one-volume dictionary (80,000 words and expressions), which consistently, from edition to edition, reflects changes in Russian literary vocabulary.

In 1952, Sergei Ivanovich became the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, one of the central areas of which was the study and promotion of native speech. He and his staff spoke on the radio, advised announcers and theater workers, Sergei Ozhegov's notes often appeared in periodicals, he was a regular participant in literary evenings at the House of Scientists, inviting such luminaries of writing as Korney Chukovsky, Lev Uspensky, Fedor Gladkov, scientists, artists. At the same time, famous dictionaries of pronunciation norms began to appear under his editorship and in co-authorship, which they listened to, which they knew and studied even in far abroad countries: "The Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language" (1956, 1963), "Russian Literary Pronunciation and Stress" (1955) , "The correctness of Russian speech" (1962), etc.

On the initiative of Ozhegov, in 1958, the Russian Language Reference Service was created at the Institute of the Russian Language, responding to requests from organizations and individuals regarding the correctness of Russian speech.

Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov became the organizer and inspirer of the popular science series "Questions of the Culture of Speech" (1955-1965), in which the work of young colleagues and students of Sergei Ivanovich, who later became well-known Russianists-normativists: Yulia Belchikova, Lyudmila Graudina, Vitaly Kostomarov, was tested, Lev Skvortsov, Boris Schwarzkopf and many others.

Another business of Ozhegov's life (along with the publication of the "Dictionary of the Russian language") was the preparation of a new scientific journal "Russian speech" (the first issue was published after the death of the linguist in 1967), one of the most widely circulated academic journals, enjoying success and well-deserved respect and now.

Being a deep academic specialist and conducting extensive teaching activities (he worked for many years at Moscow State University), Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov was not an armchair scientist and responded vividly with his usual kind irony to those changes in the language that began to enter the vocabulary of an ordinary person in the space age.

He was loyal to the "verbal pranks" of young people, listened to them, knew well and could appreciate the literary jargon used in special cases. An example of this is the file of Russian obscenities compiled by him together with another famous scientist, Alexander Reformatsky, - not a collection of obscene expressions in "dictionaries", but a scientifically based and artistically designed study of the sociology of the linguistic everyday life of the urban population - something that is so popular and relevant in real days.

Ozhegov was a member of the Moscow Council Commission on the naming of institutions and streets of Moscow, the Subject Commission on the Russian Language of the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR, deputy chairman of the Commission of the Academy of Sciences for streamlining the spelling and pronunciation of foreign proper and geographical names, scientific consultant of the All-Russian Theater Society, State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company; member of the Spelling Commission of the Academy of Sciences, which prepared the "Rules of Russian Spelling and Punctuation", 1956, etc.).

Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov died in Moscow on December 15, 1964. The urn with his ashes is kept in the wall of the Novodevichy cemetery necropolis.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources

Ozhegov Sergey Ivanovich (1900-1964) - linguist, lexicographer, doctor of philological sciences, professor.

Sergey Ozhegov was born on September 22 (9), 1900 in the village of Kamennoye (now the city of Kuvshinovo) in the Tver province in the family of Ivan Ivanovich Ozhegov, an engineer-technologist of the Kamenskaya paper and cardboard factory. Sergei Ivanovich was the eldest of three brothers. On the eve of the First World War, the family moved to Petrograd, where Sergei graduated from high school. Then he entered the philological faculty of Leningrad University, but the classes were soon interrupted - Ozhegov was called to the front. He participated in the battles in the west of Russia, in Ukraine. In 1922, Ozhegov graduated from military service at the headquarters of the Kharkov Military District and immediately began studying at the Faculty of Linguistics and Material Culture of Leningrad University. In 1926, university professors Viktor Vinogradov and Lev Shcherba recommended him for postgraduate study at the Institute for the Comparative History of Literature and Languages ​​of the West and East.

A man is a creature opposite in sex to a woman.

Ozhegov Sergey Ivanovich

In 1936 Ozhegov moved to Moscow. Since 1937 he taught at Moscow universities (MIFLI, MGPI). Since 1939, Ozhegov has been a researcher at the Institute of Language and Writing, the Institute of the Russian Language, and the Institute of Linguistics of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

During the Second World War, Ozhegov did not evacuate the capital, but remained to teach.

Founder and first head of the Speech Culture Sector of the Russian Language Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (since 1952).

One of the compilers of the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language, edited by D. N. Ushakov (1935-1940). The author of one of the most famous and popular Russian dictionaries, the one-volume Dictionary of the Russian Language (1949, reprinted several times with corrections and updates, since 1992 with the participation of N. Yu. Shvedova); Ozhegov's dictionary captures modern common vocabulary, demonstrates the compatibility of words and typical phraseological units. The glossary of Ozhegov's dictionary formed the basis of many translation dictionaries.

The main works are devoted to Russian lexicology and lexicography, the history of the Russian literary language, sociolinguistics, the culture of Russian speech, the language of individual writers (P. A. Plavilshchikov, I. A. Krylov, A. N. Ostrovsky) and others.

Editor of the Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language (1956, 5th edition, 1963), reference dictionaries Russian Literary Pronunciation and Stress (1955), Correctness of Russian Speech (1962). Founder and chief editor of the collections "Questions of the culture of speech" (1955-1965).

In 1964, a new stereotyped edition of my one-volume Dictionary of the Russian Language was published. Now the Spelling Commission, formed at the Department of Literature and Language of the USSR Academy of Sciences, is working, considering the issues of simplifying and improving Russian spelling. In the near future, apparently, this work will end with the creation of a draft of new spelling rules. In this regard, I find it inappropriate to further publish the Dictionary in a stereotypical way (hereinafter, italics are ours. - O.N.). I consider it necessary to prepare a new revised edition. In addition, and this is the main thing, I propose to make a number of improvements to the Dictionary, to include new vocabulary that has entered the Russian language in recent years, to expand the phraseology, to revise the definitions of words that have received new shades of meaning ... to strengthen the normative side of the Dictionary .