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Detailed map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug with cities, regions and villages

Satellite map of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Switching between the satellite map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the schematic one is made in the lower left corner of the interactive map.

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - Wikipedia:

Date of formation of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District: December 10, 1930
Population of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: 534 299 people
YANAO phone code: 349
YANAO area: 769 250 km²
YANAO car code: 89

Districts of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug:

Krasnoselkupsky Nadym Priuralsky Purovsky Tazovsky Shuryshkarsky Yamal

Cities of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - list of cities in alphabetical order:

The city of Gubkinsky founded in 1986. The population of the city is 27,238 people.
Labytnangi town founded in 1890. The population of the city is 26281 people.
Muravlenko town founded in 1984. The population of the city is 32,540 people.
Nadym city founded in 1597. The population of the city is 44660 people.
The city of Novy Urengoy founded in 1975. The population of the city is 113,254 people.
City of Noyabrsk founded in 1975. The population of the city is 106,879 people.
Salekhard founded in 1595. The population of the city is 48507 people.
Tarko-Sale town founded in 1932. The population of the city is 21665 people.

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District- a region located in the Far North. This is a small northern territory of Russia, with a population of only 550 thousand inhabitants. The main attractions of Yamal are beautiful nature and unusual monuments. For example, in the city of Noyabrsk, you can see the mosquito monument, erected in 2006.

Another monument is dedicated to the mammoth, which stands at the entrance to the city of Salekhard. Indeed, it was in this autonomous region that numerous bones and remains of these extinct animals were discovered. One of these finds is 46,000 years old. Searches continue to this day, and the last find was discovered in 2007.

Sights of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: Church of Peter and Paul, Ust-Poluy Settlement, Verkhne-Tazovsky Nature Reserve, Gydansky Nature Reserve, Yamal Peninsula, Sculpture Mammoth, Mosquito Monument in Noyabrsk, Stela 66 parallel, Yamalo-Nenets Regional Museum and Exhibition Complex. I.S.Shemanovsky, Orthodox Church of Archangel Michael, Obdorsk prison, Temple of St. Seraphim of Sarov in Novy Urengoy, Museum of Fine Arts, Park-Museum of aircraft in Salekhard.

When people in Central Russia suffer from unbearable heat, the people of Yamal enjoy the cold. Despite the harsh weather conditions, very kind people live here, who gave this place their name. They call the Yamal Peninsula "The End of the Earth", because this is how its name sounds in translation from the Nenets.

The history of cold Yamal

The first mention of the Yamal land dates back to the 11th century, but Novgorod merchants managed to get there even earlier. Their references to the northern lands were fantastic. Travelers talked about squirrels and deer that fell to the ground like raindrops from clouds. It was from this moment that the popularity of Yamal began to grow.

In order to finally conquer the rich northern lands, Tsar Fyodor sent a campaign in 1592. A few years later, a Cossack detachment created a fortification, which received the name Obdorsk. Today everyone knows this place as Salekhard - a city that is the capital of the Yamal-Nenets Okrug. After the northern lands were conquered and passed to Russia, the power of this state began to grow rapidly.

Russia, Yamal Peninsula. Location

The northernmost and coldest peninsula of Russia is located on the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug. It ranks fourth in size, washed by the Kara Sea on three sides, as well as by the bays of the Baydaratskaya and Ob bays. The last lip separates the main part of the mainland from the peninsula.

The flora here is represented only by tundra and forest-tundra areas. The flora is made up of undersized shrubs, mosses, trees, lichens and herbaceous plants. The flora and fauna are very poor here, but there are a lot of fish.

The peninsula is renowned for its unrivaled cold beauty and untouched lands. Believe me, the sight is impressive. Guests from all over the country come here to look at this area. The impressions are sometimes so strong that people who have come for six months decide to stay here forever.

Yamal is located beyond the Arctic Circle, which greatly affects its climate. Summer on the peninsula can be compared, rather, with a thaw, since the temperature is +6, although in the tundra in July it can reach 30 degrees Celsius.

The land on the peninsula is permafrost, where the tundra is represented as a swampy plain. There are many small lakes in Yamal that are suitable for economic activities. Valuable species of salmon fish live here.

Now you know where the Yamal Peninsula is located.

The local climate greatly affects health. Of course, the northern people have their own diseases, such as frostbite in the upper part of the lungs.

Scientists have identified one very curious moment that is directly related to the north. All people who have lived on the Yamal Peninsula for more than seven years have a widened heart artery. This change affects the psychosomatic state of the individual, as a result of which a person becomes more hospitable, kinder, more responsive and affectionate. In such difficult conditions, it is impossible to survive while remaining a wolf, so there is nothing surprising in the changes.

Permafrost treasure

Many people call the Yamal Peninsula a gas cylinder, but residents do not take offense at this comic nickname. They only correct, saying that their autonomous region is the gas heart of Russia. There is really so much gas here that it even comes to the surface.

Photos of the crater, the diameter of which is 60 meters, were taken here. This natural phenomenon made this place famous, but did not surprise specialists at all. Such funnels very often appear in permafrost, which contains a large supply of natural gas. This is the place the Yamal Peninsula is. Photo of the famous funnel in front of you.

In the pre-war years, reindeer husbandry and fishing were considered the main sectors of the economy. Fur procurement increased rapidly. However, as soon as the district was formed, an absolutely new branch began to develop - crop production. People began to grow fodder roots, potatoes and vegetables.

Administrative-territorial structure of the peninsula

The Autonomous Okrug includes:

6 urban settlements;

6 city districts;

36 rural settlements;

7 municipal districts.

Settlements of the Yamal Peninsula

Noyabrsk;

New Urengoy;

Gubkinsky;

Labytnangi;

Salekhard;

Tarko-Sale;

Muravlenko;

The largest settlements are:

1. New Port;

2. Yar-Sale;

3. Salemal;

4. Cape Kamenny;

5. Panaevsk;

Urban-type settlements:

Korotchaevo;

Pangody;

Limbyayakha;

Tazovsky;

Urengoy;

Old Nadym.

The Yamal Peninsula is partially inhabited; full development is complicated by climatic conditions.

Peninsula population

For quite a long time, the district was practically deserted, inhabited here exclusively by the Khanty, Nenets and Selkup tribes. They were engaged in hunting and reindeer herding and led a nomadic lifestyle.

The situation began to change from the XX century, at this time the development of the natural resources of the district began and the population gradually began to increase.

Population:

1926 - 19,000 people;

1975 - 122,000;

2000 - 495 200 people;

2012 - 539 800;

National structure (percentage):

Selkups - 0.4;

Khanty - 1.9;

Nenets - 5.9;

Tatars - 5.6;

Other nationalities - 17.5;

Ukrainians - 9.7;

Russians - 61.7.

It should be noted that the Yamal Peninsula is the only constituent entity of the Russian Federation where natural population growth is still preserved. This fact takes place in all settlements, cities and regions.

The birth rate here is much higher than the all-Russian level, and the mortality rate is much lower. This is a very good indicator. The number of the population is constantly increasing, and due to natural growth.

The Yamal Peninsula is a territory of permafrost and unsurpassed landscapes. This is an amazing land that will not leave anyone indifferent. Everyone who has visited Yamal at least once will certainly return here.

Today Yamal is considered a stable, dynamically developing region. It is a solid foundation for socio-economic development, which is very important both for the northern regions and for the country as a whole.

A new gas production center is being actively formed on the Yamal Peninsula, which in the future will become one of the main centers for the development of the Russian gas industry. Yamal will produce up to 360 billion cubic meters. m of blue fuel per year.

Place of Birth

trillion m 3 of gas

billion tons of gas condensate

million tons of oil

Place of Birth

trillion m 3 of gas

billion tons of gas condensate

million tons of oil

• Bovanenkovskoye, Kharasaveyskoye stable condensate per year.

• Tambey industrial zone

  Consists of six fields: Severo-Tambeyskoye, Zapadno-Tambeyskoye, Tasiyskiy, Malyginskoye (licenses held by the Gazprom Group), Yuzhno-Tambeyskoye and Syadorskoye.

• Southern industrial zone

  It includes nine fields: Novoportovskoye (the license belongs to the Gazprom Group), Nurminskoye, Malo-Yamalskoye, Rostovtsevskoye, Arkticheskoye, Sredne-Yamalskoye, Khambateyskoye, Neitinskoye, Kamennomysskoye. The zone is considered as a priority oil production facility with a maximum annual level of 7 million tons.

• A new generation gas transmission corridor from the Bovanenkovskoye field to Ukhta has been created for a unified gas supply system for Russia. Year-round oil export is carried out through the Arctic Gates offshore oil terminal.

• Infrastructure

  A full-fledged system of industrial and life support has been formed: highways, power plants, a shift camp, industrial bases, the Obskaya - Bovanenkovo ​​- Karskaya railway line with a length of 572 km, an airport.

The number of deposits is 32.

Total reserves and resources of all fields on the Yamal Peninsula: 26.5 trillion cubic meters m of gas, 1.6 billion tons of gas condensate, 300 million tons of oil.

Video about the Yamal megaproject, 3 minutes

Production in Yamal:

In 2018 - 87.4 billion cubic meters. m of gas.

In the future - up to 360 billion cubic meters. meters of gas per year.

Megaproject structure

Bovanenkovo ​​industrial zone

It has the main production potential and includes three fields - Bovanenkovskoye, Kharasaveyskoye, Kruzenshternskoye (licenses held by the Gazprom Group). Gross production here is estimated at 217 billion cubic meters. meters of gas and 4 million tons of stable condensate per year.

Tambey industrial zone

Consists of six fields: Severo-Tambeyskoye, Zapadno-Tambeyskoye, Tasiyskiy, Malyginskoye (licenses held by the Gazprom Group), Yuzhno-Tambeyskoye and Syadorskoye.

Southern industrial zone

It includes nine fields: Novoportovskoye (the license belongs to the Gazprom Group), Nurminskoye, Malo-Yamalskoye, Rostovtsevskoye, Arkticheskoye, Sredne-Yamalskoye, Khambateyskoye, Neitinskoye, Kamennomysskoye. The zone is considered as a priority oil production facility with a maximum annual level of 7 million tons.

Hydrocarbon transportation system

To transfer gas from the Yamal Peninsula to the Unified Gas Supply System of Russia, a new generation gas transmission corridor has been created from the Bovanenkovskoye field to Ukhta. Year-round oil export is carried out through the Arctic Gates offshore oil terminal.

Infrastructure

A full-fledged system of industrial and life support has been formed: highways, power plants, a shift camp, industrial bases, the Obskaya - Bovanenkovo ​​- Karskaya railway line with a length of 572 km, an airport.

Implementation of the project

The largest Yamal field in terms of proven gas reserves is Bovanenkovskoye. The primary development target is the Cenomanian-Aptian deposits. In 2012, the first gas facility (GP-2) was commissioned at the field, the second (GP-1) in 2014, and the third (GP-3) in 2018. The total design capacity of the three fields is 115 billion cubic meters. meters of gas per year. In the future, with the commissioning of the Neocomian-Jurassic deposits, the design capacity of the Bovanenkovskoye field will increase to 140 billion cubic meters. meters of gas per year.

In 2012, the Bovanenkovo ​​- Ukhta gas trunkline was commissioned, and at the beginning of 2017, the Bovanenkovo ​​- Ukhta - 2 gas pipeline.

In 2016, the Novoportovskoye oil field and the Arctic Gate offshore oil terminal were brought into commercial operation.

The President of Russia launched the shipment of the first tanker with oil through the "Gates of the Arctic", 6 minutes (Russia 24)

Advanced technical solutions

Overcoming the harsh natural and climatic conditions of Yamal, Gazprom made the peninsula a springboard for the use of highly efficient, safe, innovative technologies and technical solutions.

Megaproject "Yamal" has no analogues in terms of the level of complexity. Hydrocarbons are concentrated in a remote area with extremely harsh climatic conditions. The peninsula is characterized by the presence of permafrost, a long winter period and low temperatures (down to −50 ° C). In summer, 80% of the Yamal territory is covered with lakes, swamps and rivers, which significantly limits the areas where industrial facilities can be reliably located. Gazprom has applied highly efficient, safe and innovative technologies and technical solutions on the peninsula. Many of them, ordered by the company, were developed specifically for Yamal by leading Russian scientific institutes and domestic enterprises.

Mining technologies

At the Bovanenkovskoye field, for the first time in Russia, a unified production infrastructure is used to extract gas from the Cenomanian (depth of 520-700 m) and Aptian-Albian (depth of 1200-2000 m) deposits. This approach provides significant savings in construction costs, reduces construction time and increases the efficiency of field operation.

Field development began with lower gas reservoirs with higher reservoir pressure. As the pressure is equalized, the deposits located above are brought into development. The low-pressure Cenomanian reservoir is put into development last to compensate for the natural decline in gas production from the Aptian deposits. Accordingly, separate groups of production wells are created for different deposits, which are gradually connected to a single gas gathering network.

Difficult landscape conditions predetermined the need to update the regulatory framework for well construction design. The new standards made it possible to bring wellheads closer together in a cluster from 40 m to 15-20 m, to minimize the allotment areas and the amount of engineering preparation of territories for well clusters, access roads and other communications, while ensuring the required level of industrial safety.

The fields of the Bovanenkovskoye field have achieved a high level of automation of technological processes using sparsely populated technologies. In particular, for the first time in Gazprom, the automated well connection modules (MOS-2) were put into operation, designed to control and manage Christmas trees and to ensure reliable operation of wells in conditions of hydrate formation.

The preparation of the produced gas for transportation is carried out by the most modern and environmentally friendly method of low-temperature separation using domestic turbo expanders.

Transportation technologies

Yamal gas is transported to the Unified Gas Supply System of Russia via new generation gas pipelines at a pressure of 11.8 MPa (120 atm.). A record pressure for onshore gas pipelines was achieved primarily due to the use of domestic pipes with a diameter of 1,420 mm, made of steel grade K65 (X80) with an inner smooth coating, developed by Gazprom's order.

The most technically challenging section in the construction of the gas transportation system was the underwater crossing through the Baydaratskaya Bay. It is distinguished by special natural and climatic conditions: at a shallow depth, it is characterized by frequent stormy weather, complex bottom sediments and freezing to the bottom in winter. Concrete pipes with a diameter of 1219 mm, designed for a pressure of 11.8 MPa, were used here. The laying of a gas pipeline in such difficult natural conditions and with such technical parameters became the first such construction experience not only in Russia, but also in world practice.

The Arctic Gate offshore oil terminal located in the water area of ​​the Gulf of Ob is also a unique structure. The terminal is designed to work in extreme conditions: the temperature in the region drops even below -50 ° C, the ice thickness can exceed two meters. It has a two-level protection system and meets the most stringent requirements in the field of industrial safety and environmental protection. The terminal equipment is fully automated and reliably protected from water hammer. A special system allows instant disconnection of the terminal and the tanker, while maintaining the tightness of the disconnected elements. The "zero discharge" technology excludes the ingress of any foreign substances into the water area of ​​the Ob Bay, which is extremely important for preserving the ecology of the Arctic. In addition, the subsea pipeline connecting the terminal to the offshore tank farm is protected by an additional concrete shell.

Infrastructure technologies

The Obskaya - Bovanenkovo ​​- Karskaya railroad (572 km), specially built by Gazprom, provides a reliable all-weather connection between the Yamal Peninsula and the mainland and year-round passenger and freight traffic. There are no analogues of this railway in the world, taking into account the climatic conditions in which it has to function.

To preserve the bearing capacity of the permafrost, the construction of the main facilities was carried out only at subzero temperatures. The railroad embankment was built of wet dusty sand, which, under the influence of low temperatures, acquires the necessary strength. To ensure the stability of the subgrade structure in the summer months, a unique layer-by-layer thermal insulation system was developed and applied (expanded polystyrene was laid on top of the frozen sand, geotextile clips were built).

The bridge crossing over the floodplain of the Yuribey River has become the most difficult section of the railway. It has no analogues in the practice of bridge building both in terms of design features and climatic and geocryological conditions of construction and operation, and is the longest bridge in the world beyond the Arctic Circle (length 3.9 km).

The bridge was erected on soil that is practically unsuitable for construction - it is permafrost interspersed with cryopegs (salt and dust solutions that are in the permafrost and do not freeze even at negative temperatures from -10 to -30 ° C). The spans and girders of the bridge are mounted on supports made of metal pipes with a diameter of 1.2 to 2.4 meters, filled with reinforced concrete. The supports go into the permafrost to a depth of 20 to 40 meters. Thanks to modern technologies and special freezing (thermal stabilization), the supports literally freeze with ice (permafrost), which provides the bridge with additional stability.

Caring for nature

When constructing facilities, Gazprom is primarily concerned with preserving the unique Yamal nature. The smallest possible area is allocated for technological facilities, and vapor-liquid heat stabilizers and heat-insulated pipes for wells significantly reduce the impact on permafrost. Closed water supply systems exclude pollution of water bodies and soil. Constant environmental monitoring is carried out.

During the construction of gas wells, a technological scheme for processing drilling waste using the solidification method was implemented to obtain building material. The technology is based on the method of encapsulating drill cuttings on a specialized mixing plant. Encapsulated building material is used in the construction of facilities at the Bovanenkovskoye field, namely, for filling well pads, forming and maintaining the embankment of road slopes.

The Yamal deposits are located in the original territory of nomad reindeer herders, therefore Gazprom conducts production activities taking into account the interests of the tundra residents. The company pays great attention to organizing and holding events that contribute to the socio-economic development and preservation of the traditional culture of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North. In particular, the sites of the reindeer herding brigades' camps and the paths for the reindeer touching have been determined, where special crossings for reindeer through engineering communications have been built.

A program is being implemented to increase the population of northern commercial fish.

Alexey Miller, Chairman of the Gazprom Management Committee: “No country in the world has created anything like this in the Arctic. This is an unprecedented project in the history of the global gas industry. By creating a fundamentally new gas production center

There is simply no single road network in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The development of the okrug took place in a hotbed, therefore, in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug on the map of Russia, the roads are also concentrated in separate "hotbeds". Most of the roads available are seasonal and unpaved. Winter roads are not always open for road transport even in winter.

The scheme of road and railways in reality and on the satellite map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District is gradually changing. A plan is being implemented in the region to create a network of all-season hard-surface roads (asphalt, concrete). Among other things, it is planned to lay routes that will connect the polar regions of the Okrug with the "mainland".

The Yamal Railway Company is developing the railway network, the main shareholders of which are the administration of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Sevtyumentransput and the Sverdlovsk railway.

Partially completed railways:

• the line from Obskaya to Nadym through Salekhard;
• line Korotchaevo - Igarka;
• line Polunochnaya - Obskaya-2.

Parts of all lines are in operation, all three are in need of completion and partial restoration. The completion of the railway to Obskaya-2 has been suspended due to insufficient confidence in the feasibility of laying.

Large cities and towns of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District

On the map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug with the districts, one can count a dozen settlements with a population of over 5000 people and seven municipal districts. The population of Salekhard, the administrative center, does not reach 50 thousand people. In two cities of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the population is twice as large: in Noyabrsk (about 107 thousand people) and Novy Urengoy (about 115 thousand people).