Solar panels of the latest generation of the year. Solar panels. Quantum dot solar cells

In recent years, humanity has widely used solar panels as an alternative energy source. Ceramic photocells used today in systems for converting solar radiation into electrical energy are constantly being improved to increase efficiency. In addition, traditional panels, which did not always fit into the exterior design, are gradually becoming a thing of the past, and they are being replaced by new design designs.

In order not to spoil the appearance of the house, it is necessary to use solar tiles with integrated photocells. Such a roofing covering is capable of combining its main functions related to protecting the home with the generation of electricity, which can be used for domestic needs. When using solar tiles for roofing, it is possible to discharge excess generated electricity into the general power grid, thus reducing your own costs.

On the modern market, the most famous foreign manufacturer is the English company Solar Slate, which produces high-quality roofing products with built-in photocells, which even at close range cannot be distinguished from a standard coating.

The Russian company Innovatics, which produces tiles with built-in photocells with a power of 6, 8 and 10 W, also feels confident in the market. Moreover, the distinctive features of the products are the following:

• The amount of semiconductor material used in production has been reduced by 4 times;
• A special optical system made it possible to achieve four times the concentration of solar radiation.

Such design innovations have made it possible to reduce the cost of products. And today the price of solar tiles from a domestic manufacturer is approximately 3 times lower than their foreign counterparts.

The main advantages of any solar tile:

• Long service life, which can be more than 20 years;
• Light weight of the panels, which does not weigh down the roof structure;
• High strength and resistance to adverse weather conditions.

Installing solar tiles is not difficult. It is important that panels with photocells are fully compatible with standard products and can be installed in the desired location on the roof, completely compatible with the overall coating.

Video “solar tiles”:

Not long ago, innovative developments appeared on the solar energy market involving the use of window glass as solar panels. The American company Pythagorus Solar Windows proposed installing photocells directly in double-glazed windows.

Such modules are optimally used in urban high-rise buildings, which require large amounts of electricity. At the same time, it is not possible to cover its consumption using traditional solar panels due to the small roof area.

The technology involves installing thin strips of silicon photocells directly between the glass panes in double-glazed windows. In this case, they will not only generate electricity, but also protect the interior of buildings from overheating by blocking the sun's rays. In appearance, such windows resemble open blinds, so they do not block the view from the window.

Other developers suggest using glass with a special translucent coating for windows. This layer is active and converts light radiation into electrical energy, which is accumulated in special translucent conductors.

Video in English:

Today, scientists have developed a hybrid solar cell that allows using not only light radiation, but also heat to generate electricity. In the design of such a panel, the photocell is connected to polymer films. Today, scientists are experimenting with various materials in the process of achieving the most optimal characteristics.

The most effective has proven to be a pure, highly conductive polymer called PEDOT. This film is coated with a thin film solar cell and mounted on a special pyroelectric thin film and thermoelectric device. These components convert thermal energy into electricity.

It was experimentally found that when heated under the sun's rays, such a device can collect 20 times more energy compared to standard solar modules.

Video “new hybrid solar panels” (in English):

Quantum dot solar cells

A group of scientists at the University of Toronto has created a fundamentally new material that allows one to convert solar radiation into electrical energy. The principle of its manufacture is based on the use of semiconductor nanoparticles, which are called quantum dots.

A suspension of semiconductor nanoparticles can easily be applied to any surface, like an aerosol. This innovative approach significantly reduces the cost of producing solar panels, and, therefore, implies a reduction in the cost of solar energy.

Research results have shown that the new material will make it possible to create highly efficient systems for converting light radiation into electrical energy.

Solar batteries based on biological energy

A group of scientists at the University of Cambridge has been developing a new generation of solar cells for several years, powered by biological energy from plant photosynthesis. Unfortunately, it has not yet been possible to achieve a significant breakthrough in this area, and the efficiency of such systems is fixed at 0.1%. But, nevertheless, such developments deserve attention due to their low cost and ease of implementation.

Today, scientists are developing unique concepts for biological solar cells. For example, options include:

• Lamps powered by moss;
• Colonies of “green masts” of fast-growing plants that can decorate any city;
• Individual panels for home use;
• Offshore power plants that resemble lily pads in appearance.

New generation solar batteries will allow us to use solar energy to the maximum extent in the near future. This will provide electricity to the most remote places on the planet and replace traditional sources of electricity with environmentally friendly and renewable ones.

20 years ago, electricity produced from solar energy seemed simply fantastic to us. But today you won’t surprise anyone.

Residents of European countries have long understood all the benefits of solar energy, and now they light the streets, heat their houses, charge various devices, etc. This review will focus on the new generation of solar panels, created to make our lives easier and preserve the environment.

Types of SB

The principle of operation of a solar battery. (Click to enlarge) Today, there are more than ten types of solar devices that are used in one industry or another. Each type has its own characteristics and operational features.

The principle of operation of silicon solar cells: sunlight hits the silicon (silicon-hydrogen) panel. In turn, the plate material changes the direction of the electrons' orbits, after which the converters produce an electric current.

These devices can be divided into four types. Let's look at them in more detail below.

Monocrystalline wafers

Monocrystalline SB The difference between these converters is that the photosensitive cells are directed only in one direction.

This makes it possible to obtain the highest efficiency - up to 26%. But at the same time, the panel must always be directed towards the light source (the Sun), otherwise the output power is significantly reduced.

In other words, such a panel is only good in sunny weather. In the evening and on a cloudy day, this type of panel gives a little energy. Such a battery will be optimal for the southern regions of our country.

Polycrystalline solar panels

Polycrystalline solar panel Plates of solar panels contain silicon crystals, which are directed in different directions, which gives a relatively low efficiency (16-18%).

However, the main advantage of this type of solar panels is their excellent efficiency in poor and diffuse light. Such a battery will still power the batteries in cloudy weather.

Amorphous panels

Amorphous SB Amorphous wafers are produced by sputtering silicon and impurities in a vacuum. A layer of silicon is applied to a durable layer of special foil. The efficiency of such devices is quite low, no more than 8-9%.

The low “return” is explained by the fact that a thin layer of silicon burns out under the influence of sunlight.

Practice shows that after two to three months of active use of an amorphous solar panel, the efficiency drops by 12-16%, depending on the manufacturer. The service life of such panels is no more than three years.

Their advantage is their low cost and the ability to convert energy even in rainy weather and fog.

Hybrid solar panels

Hybrid SB The peculiarity of such blocks is that they combine amorphous silicon and single crystals. The parameters of the panels are similar to their polycrystalline counterparts.

The peculiarity of such converters is the best conversion of solar energy in diffuse light conditions.

Polymer batteries

Polymer SB Many users believe that this is a promising alternative to today's silicon panels. This is a film consisting of polymer coating, aluminum conductors and a protective layer.

Its peculiarity is that it is lightweight, bends, twists and does not break easily. The efficiency of such a battery is only 4-6%, but the low cost and convenient use make this type of solar battery very popular.

Expert advice: to save time, nerves and money, buy solar equipment in specialized stores and on trusted websites.

New developments

Technology is developing rapidly every day, and the production of solar models does not stand still. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the latest innovations on the solar systems market.

Solar tiles

Solar tiles In order not to spoil the aesthetics of the roof of the house and at the same time receive free energy from the sun, you can consider the option of purchasing solar tiles. This finishing material consists of a fairly durable body and built-in photocells.

The roof covering generates enough energy that can be used in domestic conditions. When using such material-equipment, you can power a separately dedicated electrical network or discharge electricity into a general network.

Either way, overall energy costs are reduced.

The leader in the production of solar tiles is a company from Russia - Innovatics. For more than ten years, it has been selling high-quality finishing materials with built-in photocells.

Interestingly, such tiles are difficult to distinguish from ordinary roofing material even at close range.

Advantages of solar tiles:

1. The semiconductor material used to connect photocells has been reduced by a factor of 4.
2. An innovative solar focusing system allows you to receive 5 times more energy.
3. The average lifespan of solar tiles is 20 years.
4. The relatively light weight of the tiles does not have a negative pressure on the roof.
5. The durability of solar tiles allows them to be used in all weather conditions. The tiles can easily withstand hail and other precipitation.
6. The simplicity of the fastenings allows you to reliably install the tiles in the shortest possible time.

Sunny window

Solar window Literally three years ago, a new development by American designers from “Pythagorus Solar Windows” appeared on the solar technology market. The essence of the innovation is to use window glass as a panel that produces solar energy.

Such panels are fully used in high-rise buildings in European cities. This allows you to significantly save energy.

Solar window technology uses solar cells in the form of silicon strips embedded between glass panes. In addition to the fact that the windows will generate additional electricity, in addition the window will protect the room from overheating by blocking sunlight. Externally, solar windows look like regular blinds.

Another manufacturer of solar windows, Solaris Plus, suggests using special glass treated with a special silicon coating. The strips will convert the sun's rays into electricity, which will power the battery through translucent conductors.

Hybrid photocells

In 2015, American designers developed hybrid photovoltaic cells that make it possible to convert electricity not only from sunlight, but also from heat. The essence of the design is the use of photocells made of silicon and PEDOT polymer film.

The photocell is fixed with a pyroelectric film and connected to thermoelectric equipment capable of converting heat into electric current.

Testing of the new hybrid technology has shown that the new thermal film can generate 10 times more electricity than a standard solar panel.

Biological energy systems

Research conducted by specialists from the University of Cambridge has not yet yielded concrete results in the development of new generation solar systems that convert biological energy (photosynthesis). Recent results showed an efficiency of less than 0.4%.

But developments do not stop, and scientists promise that in the near future we will receive energy from biological solar systems.

The options for such batteries are impressive:

1. A fluorescent lamp powered by ordinary forest moss.
2. Power plants in the form of large leaves.
3. Plant panels for home use.
4. Masts made of plants from which electricity will be extracted and much more.

We hope that in the near future, new generation solar systems will be used to the maximum. This will make it possible to provide electricity to every home on the planet, without harm to the environment.

Watch a video about the new generation of solar panels:

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The newest model of 2017 is a real technical breakthrough in solar energy.

The solar power station "UraletsNT-Infra" generates free electricity around the clock. During the day from the sun. If the sun is in the clouds, she sees it through the clouds in the infrared spectrum and still gives energy. At night, energy is taken from the relict thermal radiation of day-heated objects, stars, and the moon. These are special new generation solar batteries + a high-voltage circuit for converting excess voltage into amperage to feed into the energy system.

Included

1. Uralets MRRT high-voltage 2-nuclear control unit with circuit duplication

2. Inverter 4000W pure sine

3. Solar batteries 100W 10 pieces accumulation (10kW-day) Power reserve for additional solar batteries up to 50 kW per knock without alteration of the power unit. (Simple addition of solar batteries)

4. Battery KVANT 190 Ah, two pcs.

New - a controller for a wind generator as a gift. You can install additional solar panels “Sila” or “Exmork” on it

A solar power plant based on infrared panels literally sees the sun through the clouds and operates at night due to the thermal radiation of objects (the effect of a night vision device)

Solar panels 125 watt infrared

size 1100x1300mm

operating current 2.6 a

voltage 55 volts with conversion to 24 V (Uralets special high-voltage power unit)

“Signs of exclusivity of Uralets power plants”, such as explosion protection, heating control, thermoregulation, climate control, fire alarm, automatic overload protection - are fully preserved in the power unit of the new generation stations, model 2017

Battery included - 190+190 Ah lead-calcium batteries are similar in survivability to gel ones. (This refers to the effect when, with daily use, both gel and calcium batteries last 5 years) However, gel batteries are 2 times more expensive than calcium ones.

And of course - a reliable, time-tested Pure Sine inverter with 4 kW traction and 6 kW peak power "Progress 24-6000" from Alfaelectronics (Novosibirsk) at a factory price of 26,000 rubles with a clear and convenient RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE control menu and warranty and post-warranty repairs in Russia - still occupies a worthy place in the Uralets-Infra system.

The world is confidently moving towards a revolution in energy-saving technologies. One of the latest achievements in this area belongs to the International Research Group, which was formed by the University of Texas at Dallas and the Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys (MISiS). Scientists have developed a method for creating a solar cell based on perovskite. Unlike traditional analogues, which are based on silicon, the efficiency of the new product is much higher. At the same time, the cost of the solar battery of the future is reduced. Researchers are confident that plastic, lightweight, affordable perovskite devices will eventually find wide application, will be in demand and will completely replace outdated silicon analogues.

Analysis of silicon solar cells began in the twentieth century.

The existing technology has a number of disadvantages. This is the toxicity and energy intensity of silicon production. Therefore, the process turns out to be expensive. Silicon is also unreliable, has insufficient ductility and is very heavy in panels. Therefore, the scope of application of this chemical element is too narrow. Scientists predict that metal-organic perovskite will be able to solve all these problems.

New research has allowed fruitful work on a prototype tandem device that consists of carbon nanotubes and photovoltaic components. This development involves a combination of perovskite parts and traditional silicon. The installation effectively converts available ultraviolet rays into electricity and increases battery efficiency by 15%.

— The main advantage of hybrid perovskite is the ease of its production from standard sources: industrial organic chemical compounds and metal salts. While highly efficient semiconductor analogues in the form of solar cells, based on gallium arsenide and silicon, are obtained from uncommon and expensive elements, noted the project leader, leading expert at MISiS University and Professor Anvar Zakhidov.

Another important factor is that perovskite-based photoelectronics printing is not limited to printing on glass. This significantly reduces the cost of new batteries compared to more complex methods of creating components from thin film. These perovskite components have active tiers. They can be applied without problems even to the most flexible and thin substrates. And modern roll technology makes it possible to place solar panels on surfaces of various curvatures. Taking into account all these advantages, the scope of application of innovative batteries is expanding and goes far beyond the use of traditional silicon analogues. The development can supply portable electronic and household appliances with natural energy, be implemented in a Smart Home project, etc. Perovskite-based batteries guarantee an uninterrupted supply of electrical energy to homes. The innovation is also suitable for the automotive industry.

Very little time has passed since the previous record for the efficiency of solar panels - Australian scientists were able to achieve result of 35% - and now there is a new achievement from researchers at the École Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), which can revolutionize the market for modern photovoltaics.

Solar panels with an efficiency of about 36% developed by a startup Insolight can produce twice as much energy as traditional panels. This high figure was confirmed after independent tests conducted by the German Fraunhofer Institute.

The young Swiss company proposes to use a technology based on an ultra-thin structure that focuses the sun's rays onto a small surface area of ​​highly efficient elements. These super segments have many layers that absorb different wavelengths and provide a conversion efficiency of 42%. The result is a flat-plate solar installation with a record high efficiency of 36.4%.

The elements are very expensive and therefore are of little use in everyday life. But Insolight engineers reduced the cost by using segments that were only a few square millimeters in area. All light falling on the panel is focused on these areas using a transparent plastic plate into which an array of millimeter lenses is integrated.

The position of the work plate changes as the sun moves using a tracking system equipped with a photosensor. Shifting just a few millimeters during the day allows you to capture 100% of the sun's rays, regardless of the angle of incidence.

The company developed and manufactured its prototype at the Applied Photonic Devices Laboratory of the École Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne (EPFL) under the Innogrants program, designed to support promising startups.

Similar systems have already been demonstrated in several laboratories, but this solution, according to the developers, is distinguished by its almost complete readiness for implementation. “All components have been designed from the ground up to be easy to mass produce,” said Mathieu Ackermann, one of the three EPFL graduates who became Insolight's founders.

Now they have to prove the economic potential of their concept by creating a system based on it that is suitable for the mass market.