Pavlov as a scientist. Academician Pavlov: biography, scientific works. Other biography options

To recoil from the disastrous abyss, to pull his hand away from the burning fire - Ivan Petrovich studied the nervous system of living beings and its reaction to various stimuli. Thanks to Pavlov, it became clearer how we survived and survive on this planet. For example, the scientist was the first to divide reflexes into unconditioned (inherent in us genetically, by many generations) and conditioned (which we ourselves acquire during life).

But most importantly, Pavlov proved that physiological processes occurring in the cerebral cortex lie at the heart of the work of the human psyche (including what was previously called "soul" or "consciousness") and all the most complex relations of a highly developed organism with the surrounding environment. Through the efforts of our hero, even a new branch of science was born - "Physiology of Higher Nervous Activity".

2. Found out about digestion

Ivan Petrovich found out what exactly is happening with the omelet, which you swallowed at breakfast today. The scientist conducted hundreds of experiments to understand how food is chemically and mechanically processed in the body, how it is broken down and absorbed by the cells of the body (thanks to Pavlov, in particular, we can now treat a large number of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract).

Ivan Petrovich, for example, performed a unique operation, which had not been given to anyone before: he made a fistula (a hole in the dog's stomach), made sure that the animal remained healthy and it was possible in natural conditions to observe how and how much the body secretes gastric juice (in depending on what kind of composition and quantity of food enters the stomach). So Pavlov earned the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1904 -
"For the study of the functions of the main digestive glands."

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

Born September 14, 1849 in Ryazan in the family of a priest. He himself graduated from the Ryazan Theological Seminary, but under the influence of the works of Ivan Sechenov he decided to change his profession. Studied at St. Petersburg University and the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy. In addition to the Nobel Prize, he received other important international awards: for example, the Cotenius Medal (1903) and the Copley Medal (1915). He was the director of the Physiological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (now - the Pavlov Institute of Physiology). He died on February 27, 1936 in Leningrad.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov is one of the most famous physiologists in the world, who eclipsed his teachers, a brave experimenter, the first Russian Nobel Prize winner, a possible prototype of Bulgakov's professor Preobrazhensky.

Amazingly, in his homeland, little is known about his personality. We have studied the biography of this outstanding man and will tell you a few facts about his life and legacy.

1.

Ivan Pavlov was born into the family of a Ryazan priest. After the theological school, he entered the seminary, but, contrary to the wishes of his father, he did not become a clergyman. In 1870 Pavlov stumbled upon Ivan Sechenov's book "Reflexes of the Brain", became interested in physiology and entered St. Petersburg University. The physiology of animals became Pavlov's specialty.

2.

In the first year, Pavlov's inorganic chemistry teacher was Dmitry Mendeleev, who had published his periodic table a year earlier. And Pavlov's younger brother worked as an assistant for Mendeleev.

3.

Pavlov's favorite teacher was Ilya Tsion, one of the most controversial personalities of his time. Pavlov wrote about him: “We were directly amazed by his masterly simple presentation of the most complex physiological questions and his truly artistic ability to stage experiments. Such a teacher is not forgotten all his life. "

Zion irritated many colleagues and students with his integrity and integrity, was a vivisector, anti-Darwinian, quarreled with Sechenov and Turgenev.

Once, at an art exhibition, he had a fight with the artist Vasily Vereshchagin (Vereshchagin hit him on the nose with his hat, and Zion claimed that he was a candlestick). It is believed that Zion was one of the compilers of the "Protocol of the Elders of Zion."

4.

Pavlov was an implacable opponent of communism. “You are wrong to believe in the world revolution. You are not sowing revolution in the cultural world, but fascism with great success. There was no fascism before your revolution, ”he wrote to Molotov in 1934.

When the purges began among the intelligentsia, Pavlov wrote to Stalin in a rage: "Today I am ashamed that I am Russian." But even for such statements, the scientist was not touched.

Nikolai Bukharin defended him, and Molotov sent letters to Stalin with the signature: "Today the Council of People's Commissars received a new nonsense letter from Academician Pavlov."

The scientist was not afraid of punishment. “The revolution caught me almost at the age of 70. And somehow a firm conviction stuck in me that the term of an active human life is exactly 70 years. And so I boldly and openly criticized the revolution. I said to myself: “Damn them! Let them shoot. All the same, life is over, I will do what my dignity demanded of me. "

5.

Pavlov's children were named Vladimir, Vera, Victor and Vsevolod. The only child whose name did not begin with B was Mirchik Pavlov, who died in infancy. The youngest, Vsevolod, also lived a short life: he died a year before his father.

6.

In the village of Koltushi, where Pavlov lived, many eminent guests dropped in.

In 1934, Pavlov was visited by the Nobel laureate Niels Bohr with his wife and science fiction writer Herbert Wells with his son, the zoologist George Philip Wells.

A few years earlier, H.G. Wells wrote an article for The New York Times about Pavlov, which contributed to the popularity of the Russian scientist in the West. After reading this article, the young literary critic Berres Frederick Skinner decided to change his career and became a behavioral psychologist. In 1972, Skinner was named the Most Outstanding Psychologist of the 20th Century by the American Psychological Association.

7.

Pavlov was an avid collector. At first, he collected butterflies: he raised, caught, begged from traveling friends (the pearl of the collection was a bright blue, with a metallic sheen, a butterfly from Madagascar). Then he became interested in stamps: a Siamese prince once presented him with stamps of his state. For every birthday of one of the family members, Pavlov presented him with another collection of essays.

Pavlov had a collection of paintings, which began with a portrait of his son, which was done by Nikolai Yaroshenko.

Pavlov explained his passion for collecting as a reflex of purpose. “Life is only red and strong, who all his life strives for a constantly attainable, but never attainable goal, or with the same fervor passes from one goal to another. All life, all its improvements, all of its culture is made a reflex of a goal, is done only by people striving for one or another goal set by them in life. "

8.

Pavlov's favorite painting was "Three Heroes" by Vasnetsov: the physiologist saw in Ilya, Dobryna and Alyosha images of three temperaments.

9.

On the far side of the moon, next to the Jules Verne crater, is the Pavlov crater. And between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, the asteroid (1007) Pavlovia, also named after the physiologist, is circling.

10.

Pavlov received the Nobel Prize for a series of works on the physiology of the digestive tract in 1904, eight years after the death of its founder. But in the Nobel Prize speech, the laureate said that their paths had already crossed.

Ten years earlier, Nobel had sent Pavlov and his colleague Marcellus Nentsky a large sum to support their laboratories.

"Alfred Nobel showed a keen interest in physiological experiments and offered us several very instructive experimental projects that touched upon the highest tasks of physiology, the question of aging and dying of organisms." Thus, it can be considered that he received the Nobel Prize twice.

Such a personality was hidden behind a big name and a strict white beard of the academician.

A frame from the movie "Heart of a Dog" was used in the design of the article.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov is a Nobel Prize laureate and a world-renowned scientific authority. Being a talented scientist, he made a significant contribution to the development of psychology and physiology. It is he who is considered the founder of such a scientific direction as He made a number of major discoveries in the field of digestion regulation, and also founded a physiological school in Russia.

Parents

The biography of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov begins in 1849. It was then that the future academician was born in the city of Ryazan. His Dmitrievich, came from a peasant family and worked as a priest in one of the small parishes. Independent and truthful, he was constantly in conflict with his superiors, and therefore did not live well. Pyotr Dmitrievich loved life, had good health and loved to work in the garden and garden.

Varvara Ivanovna, Ivan's mother, came from a spiritual family. In her younger years, she was cheerful, cheerful and healthy. But frequent childbirth (there were 10 children in the family) greatly undermined her well-being. Varvara Ivanovna did not have any education, but her hard work and natural mind turned her into a skillful educator of her own children.

Childhood

The future academician Pavlov Ivan was the firstborn in the family. Childhood years left an indelible mark on his memory. In his mature years, he recalled: “I remember very clearly my first visit to the house. The amazing thing is that I was only a year old and the nanny carried me in her arms. Another vivid memory speaks for the fact that I remember myself early. When they buried my mother's brother, they carried me out in my arms to say goodbye to him. This scene still stands before my eyes. "

Ivan grew up perky and healthy. He willingly played with his sisters and younger brothers. He also helped his mother (in household chores) and father (in the construction of a house and in the garden). His sister L. P. Andreeva told about this period of her life as follows: “Ivan always remembered dad with gratitude. He was able to instill in him the habit of work, accuracy, precision and order in everything. Our mother had tenants. Being a great hard worker, she tried to do everything herself. But all the children idolized her and tried to help: bring water, heat the stove, chop wood. Little Ivan had to do all this ”.

School and trauma

He began to study literacy at the age of 8, but he got to school only at 11. It's all to blame for the case: once a boy laid out apples on the platform to dry. Stumbling, he fell off the stairs and fell straight onto the stone floor. The bruise was quite severe, and Ivan fell ill. The boy turned pale, lost weight, lost his appetite and began to sleep poorly. His parents tried to cure him at home, but nothing helped. Once the abbot of the Trinity Monastery came to visit the Pavlovs. Seeing the sickly boy, he took him to him. Enhanced nutrition, clean air and regular gymnastics returned Ivan strength and health. The guardian turned out to be an intelligent, kind and highly educated person. He led and read a lot. These qualities made a strong impression on the boy. The first book that Academician Pavlov received in his youth from the abbot was the fables of I.A.Krylov. The boy learned it by heart and carried his love for the fabulist throughout his life. This book has always been on the scientist's table.

Seminary training

In 1864, under the influence of his guardian, Ivan entered the theological seminary. There he immediately became the best student, and even helped his comrades as a tutor. Years of training introduced Ivan to the works of such Russian thinkers as D.I. Pisarev, N.A.Dobrolyubov, V.G.Belinsky, A.I. for freedom and progressive changes in society. But over time, his interests switched to natural science. And here a great influence on the formation of Pavlov's scientific interests was exerted by the monograph by IM Sechenov "Reflexes of the Brain". After graduating from the sixth grade of seminary, the young man realized that he did not want to pursue a spiritual career, and began preparing for the university entrance exams.

Studying at the University

In 1870 Pavlov moved to St. Petersburg with the desire to enter the Physics and Mathematics Faculty. But it turned out to be legal. The reason for this is the limitation of seminarians in terms of the choice of profession. Ivan applied to the rector, and two weeks later he was transferred to the physics and mathematics department. The young man studied very successfully and received the highest scholarship (imperial).

Over time, Ivan became more and more interested in physiology and from the third year he devoted himself completely to this science. He made his final choice under the influence of Professor I.F.Zion, a talented scientist, a brilliant lecturer and a skilled experimenter. This is how Academician Pavlov himself recalled that period of his biography: “I chose animal physiology as my main specialty, and chemistry as an additional one. At that time, Ilya Fadeevich made a huge impression on everyone. We were amazed by his masterly simple presentation of the most complex physiological questions and his artistic talent in conducting experiments. I will remember this teacher all my life. "

Research activities

The first Pavlovs date back to 1873. Then, under the guidance of F.V. Ovsyannikov, Ivan investigated the nerves in the lungs of the frog. In the same year, together with a fellow student, he wrote the first. The leader, naturally, was I. F. Zion. In this work, students studied the effect of the laryngeal nerves on blood circulation. At the end of 1874, the results were discussed at a meeting of the Society of Naturalists. Pavlov regularly attended these meetings and communicated with Tarkhanov, Ovsyannikov and Sechenov.

Soon the students M.M. Afanasyev and I.P. Pavlov began to study the nerves of the pancreas. The University Council awarded this work a gold medal. True, Ivan spent a lot of time on research and did not pass the final exams, having lost his scholarship. This forced him to stay at the university for another year. And in 1875 he graduated brilliantly. He was only 26 (unfortunately, the photo of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov at this age was not preserved), and the future seemed very promising.

Physiology of blood circulation

In 1876, the young man got a job as an assistant to Professor K.N.Ustimovich, head of a laboratory at the Medical-Surgical Academy. In the next two years, Ivan conducted a number of studies on the physiology of blood circulation. Pavlov's works were highly appreciated by Professor S.P.Botkin and invited him to his clinic. Formally, Ivan took the position of a laboratory assistant, but in fact became the head of the laboratory. Despite the poor premises, lack of equipment and scanty funding, Pavlov achieved serious results in the study of the physiology of digestion and blood circulation. In scientific circles, his name was gaining more and more popularity.

The first love

In the late seventies, he met Serafima Karchevskaya, a student of the pedagogical department. The young were united by similarity of views, common interests, loyalty to the ideals of service to society and the struggle for progress. In general, they fell in love with each other. And the preserved photo of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov and Serafima Vasilyevna Karchevskaya shows that they were a very beautiful couple. It was the support of his wife that allowed the young man to achieve such success in the scientific field.

Looking for a new job

For 12 years of work in the clinic of S.P. Botkin, the biography of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was replenished with many scientific events, and he became famous both at home and abroad. Improving the working and living conditions of a talented scientist became a necessity not only for the sake of his personal interests, but also for the development of Russian science.

But in the days of tsarist Russia, it turned out to be an extremely difficult task for a simple, honest, democratic-minded, impractical, shy and ingenuous person like Pavlov to achieve any changes. In addition, the scientist's life was complicated by prominent physiologists, with whom Ivan Petrovich, while still young, publicly entered into heated discussions and often emerged victorious. So, thanks to the negative opinion of Professor I.R. Tarkhanov about Pavlov's work on blood circulation, the latter was not awarded the prize.

Ivan Petrovich could not find a good laboratory to continue his research. In 1887, he wrote in a letter to the Minister of Education, in which he asked for a place in the department of some experimental university. Then he sent out several more letters to various institutions and was refused from everywhere. But soon the scientist was lucky.

Nobel Prize

In April 1890, Pavlov was elected professor of pharmacology at two and Tomsk. And in 1891 he was invited to organize the department of physiology at the newly opened University of Experimental Medicine. Pavlov headed it until the end of his days. It was here that he completed several classic works on the physiology of the digestive glands, which were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1904. The entire scientific community remembers the speech made by Academician Pavlov "On the Russian mind" at the ceremony. It should be noted that this was the first prize awarded for experiments in the field of medicine.

Despite the famine and devastation during the formation of Soviet power, V.I. In the shortest possible time, the academician and his staff were created the most favorable conditions for carrying out scientific work. Ivan Petrovich's laboratory was reorganized into the Physiological Institute. And for the 80th anniversary of the academician, a scientific institute-town was opened near Leningrad.

Many dreams that Academician Ivan Pavlov had been carrying for a long time came true. The scientific works of the professor were regularly published. Clinics of mental and nervous diseases appeared at his institutes. All scientific institutions headed by him received new equipment. The number of employees has grown tenfold. In addition to budget funds, the scientist every month received sums to be spent at his own discretion.

Ivan Petrovich was agitated and touched by such an attentive and warm attitude of the Bolsheviks to his scientific activities. Indeed, under the tsarist regime, he constantly needed money. And now the academician was even worried about whether he could justify the trust and concern of the government. He spoke about this more than once both in his environment and publicly.

Death

Academician Pavlov died at the age of 87. Nothing foreshadowed the death of the scientist, because Ivan Petrovich had excellent health and rarely fell ill. True, he was prone to colds and suffered from pneumonia several times. Pneumonia was the cause of death. On February 27, 1936, the scientist left this world.

The entire Soviet people grieved when Academician Pavlov died (a description of Ivan Petrovich's death immediately appeared in the newspapers). Gone is a great man and a great scientist who made a huge contribution to the development of physiological science. They buried Ivan Petrovich not far from the grave of D.I.Mendeleev.

Greetings to all readers who are not indifferent to psychology! Today we will talk about an outstanding scientist, a physician who devoted his life to the study of reflexes, made a huge contribution to the knowledge of the human nervous system, although he worked with dogs. Pavlov Ivan Petrovich is not in vain considered a representative of the largest modern school of physiology.

Life and scientific activity

Ivan Pavlov is a native of the city of Ryazan. Until the age of 21, he studied theology, planned to continue the career of his father (parish priest), but abruptly changed his direction of activity, went to study at St. Petersburg University, where he began to study physiology and chemistry. If it were not for this turn in the fate of the remarkable scientist, we would not have been able to get acquainted with his theory of unconditioned and conditioned reflexes, and temperaments would continue to be distinguished by the prevailing fluid in the body, as Hippocrates bequeathed.

The interests of the young scientist were influenced by outstanding specialists: Karl Ludwig and Rudolf Heidenhain. He was seriously interested in the problems of blood pressure, and when he turned 41 he became a real professor at the Imperial Medical Academy. These walls gave him the opportunity to study the relationship between digestion and salivation, as well as conduct experiments on dogs. By the way, Pavlov was a wonderful surgeon, which helped him in setting up experiments.

It was in the course of research, where the experimental dogs were, that Ivan Petrovich came to the theory of the conditioned reflex, and by 1930 he was able to transfer his knowledge to people suffering from psychosis. It is important to understand what he meant by a conditioned reflex. This is the body's response to a stimulus as a result of their multiple coincidence. Why did this discovery become so significant, and the very concept of "conditioned reflex" - the crown of Pavlov's scientific activity? Because the learning process has become manageable and scientifically grounded. And later his ideas became the basis for the development of behavioral psychology (or behaviorism).

The scientist lived in a difficult time, his relations with the Soviet regime were very uneven. After visiting America (1923), he intensified his criticism of the communist regime, began to openly oppose violence, the arbitrariness of the authorities. When in 1924 all students who had priestly fathers were expelled from his academy, he himself defiantly left his post of professor. Pavlov died in Leningrad in 1936.

Conditioned reflex theory

The main work of Pavlov was the formation of conditioned reflexes with the help of associations. In fact, everything is ingeniously simple. You can see for yourself. When an unexpected sharp sound is heard, the person involuntarily flinches. This is his unconditioned reflex (automatic, innate) to an unconditioned stimulus. If we repeatedly encounter a situation where such a sharp sound occurs after a strong punch on the table with a fist, then it is quite logical that we associate the sound (unconditioned stimulus) with the movement of the fist (already a conditioned stimulus), begin to flinch even before the fist lowered on the table. This new reaction of the body will be called a conditioned reflex.

Experiences with dogs

Initially, the scientist was studying the digestive function of dogs. But observing how the salivary glands of animals work, I discovered an interesting fact. Saliva in dogs is produced by the sight of an edible product. And this is an unconditioned reflex. But the salivation of Pavlov's dogs began already when an assistant in a white coat entered, carrying food for experiments. The researcher rightly noted that the cause of the reflex was not the smell of food, but the appearance of a white coat (a conditioned stimulus). He also successfully proved this with experiments.

Role for science

Of course, Pavlov became famous for his experiments with dogs, which were appreciated and recognized during his lifetime. It is remarkable that he was awarded the honorary title of "Elder of the Physiologists of the World," and this is a great honor for a scientist. Experts also appreciate his enormous contribution to understanding the work of the human nervous system (after all, the concepts of "strong nervous system" and "weak nervous system" are also his achievement). It was the researcher's discoveries that allowed him to find new ways to treat anxiety disorders (phobias, panic attacks).

We got acquainted with a short biography of the scientist and the basic concepts of his theory. It is interesting that the knowledge that Pavlov gave us does not become obsolete over the years. From this they become even more valuable and significant. I hope that the information that I have tried to convey to you was understandable enough even for non-specialists in the field of psychology. I will be glad to reposts and comments.

Until next time, sincerely, Alexander Fadeev.

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Biography and episodes of life Ivan Pavlov. When born and died Ivan Pavlov, memorable places and dates of important events in his life. Scientist quotes, Photo and video.

Years of life of Ivan Pavlov:

born September 14, 1849, died February 27, 1936

Epitaph

His whole life has passed
Tireless in his labors.

Biography

He became the first Russian person to receive the Nobel Prize. Pavlov devoted his entire life to science, leaving behind a huge legacy. He was not just a genius, but an incredibly hardworking, honest, worthy scientist, whose name is forever inscribed in the tablets of world history.

Ivan Pavlov was born in Ryazan, in a family of deeply religious people, and therefore at the age of 15 he graduated from a theological school and entered the seminary. Once, already in the last year of seminary, the future scientist came across the book "Reflexes of the Brain", which abruptly changed the biography of Ivan Pavlov - he came to science. At first he entered the Faculty of Law, but after a few days he transferred to the natural department of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty, where he specialized in animal physiology. Five years later, Pavlov entered the medical academy. In the following years, the scientist worked a lot, operated on, was engaged in research, and in 1903 he already spoke in Madrid at the international medical congress. Pavlov made revolutionary discoveries in the physiology of digestion, and this could not go unnoticed. A year later, the significance of Pavlov's work was recognized all over the world - he was awarded the Nobel Prize, the first scientist from Russia.

Pavlov took further events in the political life of Russia very painfully. He was very worried that his life's work would be destroyed. But the revolutionary leaders realized that in the person of Pavlov, if he wanted to go abroad, Russia would lose a great scientist and the future of Russian science. The most favorable conditions for work were created for him - as far as could be considered favorable, given that Pavlov remained an ardent anti-communist, and his earnings barely allowed him to continue his scientific activity and somehow support himself and his family. He was repeatedly invited to work abroad, but the Soviet authorities, of course, did not release the scientist from the USSR. And yet, especially for Academician Pavlov, an institute of physiology was built in the scientific town of Koltushi near St. Petersburg, in which he worked and in which he brought up a whole generation of scientists who continued his great work.

Pavlov's death occurred on February 27, 1936. The cause of Pavlov's death was pneumonia. The funeral of Academician Pavlov took place on March 2, Pavlov's grave is in the Literatorskie Mostki necropolis at the Volkov Cemetery. The memory of Pavlov does not fade to this day - monuments to Pavlov have been erected all over the world, streets, educational institutions and even an asteroid are named after him.

Life line

September 14, 1849 Date of birth of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov.
1864 g. Graduation from the Ryazan Theological School, admission to the Ryazan Theological Seminary.
1870 g. Admission to the Faculty of Law, transfer to the natural department of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of St. Petersburg University.
1875 g. Admission to the 3rd year of the Medical and Surgical Academy (now the Military Medical Academy).
1976-1878 Work in the physiological laboratory of K. N. Ustimovich.
1883 g. Defense of the thesis "On the centrifugal nerves of the heart".
1884-1886 Business trip abroad, where Pavlov worked in laboratories.
1890 g. Professor and Head of the Department of Pharmacology of the Military Medical Academy.
1896-1904 Head of the Physiological Laboratory at the Institute of Experimental Medicine.
1901 g. Election of Pavlov as a Corresponding Member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
1903 g... Report at the XIV International Medical Congress in Madrid.
1904 g. Received the Nobel Prize for the study of the functions of the main digestive glands.
1907 g. Election of Pavlov as a full member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
1925 g. Head of the Institute of Physiology by Pavlov.
1935 g. Awarded to Pavlov the honorary title of "Elder of the Physiologists of the World" at the XV International Congress of Physiologists.
February 27, 1936 Date of death of Pavlov.
March 2, 1936 Funeral of Pavlov.

Memorable places

1. Military Medical Academy. S. M. Kirov (former Medical-Surgical Academy), where Pavlov studied.
2. St. Petersburg University (formerly St. Petersburg Imperial University), where Pavlov studied and worked.
3. Institute of Physiology. IP Pavlov of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which from 1925 until the end of his life was headed by Pavlov.
4. Pavlov's house in Ryazan, where he lived in 1849-1870. and where the Pavlov estate museum is located today.
5. Pavlov's house in St. Petersburg, where he lived in 1889-1918.
6. Pavlov's house in St. Petersburg, where he lived in 1918-1936.
7. Monument to Pavlov in Kiev.
8. Monument to Pavlov in Ryazan.
9. Bust of Pavlov in Moscow.
10. Monument to Pavlov in Sukhumi.
11. Monument to Pavlov in St. Petersburg.
12. Tauride Palace, where the farewell to the body of Pavlov took place.
13. Necropolis "Literatorskie mostki" at the Volkov cemetery in St. Petersburg, where Pavlov is buried.

Episodes of life

Pavlov spent most of his earnings on scientific needs - on the purchase of experimental animals, materials for the laboratory. Sometimes this led him into such a lack of money that the scientist was forced to live separately from his family for the sake of economy. When one day his students specially set up a course that Pavlov could teach and earn a little, he spent all the money he received on the purchase of materials for experiments for the same course, and left nothing for himself.

The scientist loved to say that he would live to be a hundred years old. His plans were to leave science and laboratories and write a memoir when he could no longer work. When Pavlov fell ill, he complained to his family that this illness could interfere with his plan to live to a hundred years. It was she who led to the death of Ivan Pavlov.

Even dying, Pavlov decided that he should benefit science. Feeling worse every day, he finally invited his students to his place. In their environment, he described in a weak voice his feelings that precede his death. Pavlov's life ended surrounded by dearly loving students and in the service of science to his last breath.

Covenant

“Man is the highest product of earthly nature. Man is the most complex and subtle system. But in order to enjoy the treasures of nature, a person must be healthy, strong and intelligent. "

A documentary about Ivan Pavlov from the cycle "Geniuses and Villains"

Condolences

“It is difficult to take into account the size of the loss suffered by science and by all who sincerely loved him! He died the way only he, Ivan Petrovich, could die: preserving his memory and an inquisitive mind until the end of his life. He remained true to himself, a true, always observing and analyzing physiologist. "
Maria Petrova, therapist, physiologist, student, employee and close friend of I.P. Pavlov

“He never, neither in his youth nor in old age, was hypocritical, did not adapt. He deeply despised the people whom the historian of the Time of Troubles characterized with the words: "The body and spirit are exaggerated."
Dmitry Pletnev, professor of medicine