Four-sided planing machines. Description. Principle of operation. Do-it-yourself four-sided woodworking machines How a four-sided planer works

Processing of wooden blanks from four sides at once in one pass is carried out by four-sided woodworking machines. As a result of processing on such equipment, a wooden construction blank is obtained that has the specified geometry, the desired profile and the required surface quality. The main products of four-sided devices are wood blanks in the form of floor boards, linings, timber and block houses, and platbands.

When buying such a device, you must be sure to focus on the main technical characteristics of four-sided machines:

• interval between feeds of workpieces;
• the largest transverse dimensions of the supplied workpiece;
• number of working spindles;
• total weight of the equipment;
• total power characteristics of the equipment.

Based on the number of spindles, four-sided machines are divided into five-spindle machines and six-spindle machines. Sometimes there are devices of a four-spindle design and, conversely, multi-spindle ones.

Models of four-sided machines

Domestic industry and foreign manufacturers supply the Russian market with a large number of four-sided machines with a wide variety of performance characteristics. These machines can perform work either in semi-automatic mode or follow a program entered into the CNC unit.

Among the large number of items in this machine park, the four-sided Beaver machines, which have been supplied to Russia since 2003, stand out especially. The typical range of these German machines contains from four to eight spindle heads. This design is ideally suited for solving various problems in woodworking. They can perform both calibration of wood products and the formation of a profile of large diameter timber for the construction of houses. At the same time, the processing speed of such products reaches 60 meters per minute.

The scope of application of Bauer machines is in various workshops and enterprises of the carpentry and construction profile, where panels and laminated veneer lumber are produced, molded products of various types for standard type house building, as well as woodworking in furniture production.

The products obtained using such equipment in one pass are very diverse. It all depends on the machine settings and the entered workpiece processing program.

The design features of the machines include excellent dynamic balancing of the spindles, which are made of heat-treated steel. These main machine components are first precision processed and then carefully inspected. As a result, all parts and components of the machine are of impeccable quality. In addition, before installation on the machine, each spindle undergoes many hours of running-in on a special stand. The spindle mechanism is based on high-precision bearings that do not require any maintenance during operation.

The Beaver 416 four-sided type woodworking machine has excellent characteristics and operational parameters. It is used for profile and planar processing of workpieces in one pass from four sides at once. The result of this work is a product of ideal geometry with a given surface cleanliness.

Technical characteristics of the Beaver 416 device:

• transverse dimensions of the workpiece being processed are 100x160 mm;
• number of working spindles – 4 pcs.;
• working feed of the workpiece during processing – up to 25 m/min;
• power consumed from the electrical network – 22 kW;
• machine weight – 2780 kg.

The working and feeding tables undergo heat treatment, resulting in the highest metal strength being achieved. The surface of the tables is covered with a thick layer of chrome, due to which the wear resistance of these parts is very high. Also, as a result of polishing these surfaces, the workpieces slide easily over them, without spending much effort on feeding into the processing zone.

The machine bed is processed using high-precision Japanese CNC equipment. Many parts that affect the vibration resistance of the device during operation are made using ultra-precision casting technology.

Weinig machine

The diagram shows the basic structure of a four-sided machine

The German four-sided Weinig machine is used to profile a wooden part on four sides at once. Processing of wood blanks occurs simultaneously with its profiling. Since everything is done in one technological operation, such equipment significantly reduces the time spent on processing one product, thereby increasing the efficiency of workers.

The advantage of the Weinig four-sided planer over similar devices:

• the highest purity of processing of the wood surface of the part;
• very high productivity;
• accuracy of compliance of the product with the specified geometric parameters;
• ease of installation of equipment on the production site.

Weinig machine tools are used both in small-scale businesses and in the individual production of wood moldings. The impeccable cleanliness of the surface treatment allows the equipment to be used for the production of products from any wood species.

Machines of the S-25 series

The S-25 four-sided machine, which is designed for the production of high-quality molded wood products, deserves special attention. These are, first of all, floor boards, lining, planed timber, skirting boards and platbands. The starting material for obtaining these products is edged boards or timber. The productivity of the S-25 allows you to get up to 2 cubic meters of high-quality products per hour of work.

With continuous feeding, the product is processed from four sides at once in a large dimensional range. The device has a box-shaped frame made of cast iron, and calipers with workpiece clamping rollers and a feed mechanism are installed on it. This four-sided planer has steel plates for positioning the wood during processing. The feed mechanism is equipped with a variator, which allows you to smoothly change the feed speed in the range from 10 to 45 m/min.

Features of the S-25 device:

• lower located drive ripple;
• high accuracy of operation of all spindle units;
• the presence of feed rollers along the entire length of the workpiece;
• high workpiece feed speed;
• ease of setup and readjustment of the machine.

Domestic equipment S-25 is widely used both as a four-sided machine for lining and as a four-sided machine for timber.

The four-sided machine S-26 differs from its analogue S25 in higher productivity, increased to 40 m/min and increased power, allowing you to remove a wood layer of a workpiece up to 10 mm thick in one pass. Operation of the device is permitted by unskilled personnel, since its design is very simple and reliable. In addition, the use of low quality workpieces is allowed for processing. An important feature of such equipment is the ability to operate it in an unsuitable room, sometimes directly under a canopy from rain and snow.

Sometimes a good option for an entrepreneur is to buy a used four-sided wood saw, model S-26. Even with a long operating time, this equipment allows you to obtain high quality products. The main bearing units of the domestic configuration can be easily restored, since all spare parts can be easily found on the equipment market. Typically, the most consumable materials are jointing drum knives, which are offered in abundance by many companies that supply spare parts for wood processing equipment.

Four-sided milling machines

An element of the selection of equipment for the manufacture of molded wood products is the SKM M-412 four-sided milling machine. It is used for four-sided processing of wood workpieces with cutters. In this case, it is possible to create a product profile of small depth. The main application of these devices is furniture production, production of various wooden stairs. Such equipment is usually used where high precision quality parameters are not required for products.

The price of the SKM four-sided wood saw is currently 1 million 76 thousand rubles.

Design features of the four-sided longitudinal milling machine SKM:

• separate electric motor for each working spindle;
• digital provision of positioning accuracy;
• high speed of working bodies;
• compact arrangement of components and mechanisms;
• adjustable workpiece feed.

Thanks to the presence of a centralized control panel, the device is very convenient and easy to use. Each of the spindles is controlled separately. Milling cutters for a four-sided machine can be easily purchased by going to the websites of suppliers of woodworking equipment and components for them.

In addition to the four-sided equipment listed and described in the article, S-16 machines, Start machines and Griggio equipment are widely used by entrepreneurs. Any of these types of technical support can be purchased either new or used.

When choosing which four-sided machine to buy, you need to accurately determine the range of future products and work productivity. And, based on this, settle on a separate model. If the project requires low productivity and small transverse dimensions of the processed workpieces, then a four-sided mini-machine may be more suitable, which will cost much less and will take up a rather modest space on the production site.

Multi-spindle machines are very efficient in saving time when processing wood in large volumes.

Wooden blanks, after sawing, have defects, such as surface unevenness, cracks, etc., which must be eliminated before proceeding with their further processing.
To eliminate these defects, milling machines are used, through which each of the four surfaces of the workpiece is processed separately.
When the volume of wood being processed is large enough, it is easier, more convenient and more economical to use multi-spindle woodworking machines.
Such machines are also called. As the name suggests, all four planes of the workpiece are machined, or gouged, simultaneously.

It can have from 4 to 10 spindles, depending on the requirements for the final type of your product. Simply put, the number of spindles depends on the complexity of the profile of the product that you want to obtain at the output of the machine.

consists of the following main parts:

The feeding table has clamping elements and the ability to adjust the frame vertically, which allows you to pass workpieces of various thicknesses through the machine.

For example, in order to smooth a heavily deformed surface, it is necessary to remove a large amount of wood; on the other hand, straight wood preparation requires the removal of a very small layer of material (it is enough to remove only band saw marks).

In a situation where it is necessary to straighten a piece of wood entering the machine, a pressure roller is used, located in front of the first upper spindle. An additional pressure block located in front of the first lower spindle is used for thin material that does not need straightening. This option can be disabled via the machine control panel.

At the initial stage of the material passing through, it is very important to achieve smoothness on the bottom and right sides of the workpiece, which are the basis for further operations to give the desired shape to your product.

Another method of straightening wood, using a grooved table, is most suitable for processing hard wood. In this case, the first lower cutting block forms grooves on the underside of the workpiece, shaped like the pattern of a grooved table, which reduces friction between the workpiece and the tabletop and evenly feeds the material for further processing.

But this method of straightening wood requires the four-sided machine to have another lower spindle, the cutting unit of which will remove the intermediate grooves and level the lower surface of the product. The work table can be equipped with a manual or automatic feeding system for waxilite, a resin-dissolving lubricant, to facilitate feeding of the workpiece. In the case of processing resinous wood, the presence of an additional lower spindle is also necessary to remove waxilite from the underside of the workpiece.

Feed rollers of four-sided planer

Feed rollers can be equipped with spring or pneumatic cylinders. The rollers must be properly designed to provide maximum traction and minimum wear.
Vertical spindles of four-sided planer:
Vertical spindles require a high-quality and flexible adjustment system, otherwise, changing the type of profile and, accordingly, the diameter of the tool will take a lot of time.

Quick adjustment of the vertical spindles allows for optimal contact between the workpiece and the work table.
When the vertical spindles of the four-sided planer are in a clearly fixed position, the diameter and working height of the cutting tool, as well as the feed speed and pressure of the feed rollers are adjusted simultaneously through the digital control panel. High-quality adjustment of the left vertical spindle guarantees high quality gouging, and is especially important when working with hard wood.

Top spindle of four-sided planer

The top spindle is the first right vertical spindle of the machine. The cutting tool located at the top position can be used both for planing the surface and for profiling the workpiece. A good four-sided machine should produce up to 40 mm of profiling on the top horizontal/vertical spindle.

Universal Spindle for Four Side Planer

The planer can be equipped with an additional universal spindle to achieve greater profiling flexibility.

Four Side Planer Options

The four-sided planer can be equipped with additional optional devices, such as: an additional feed device after the upper horizontal spindle, a grooved work table for processing hardwood, extended feed and work tables, increased power of spindle motors and others.

Lining has been used as a finishing material for the last few decades, which is due to the presence of a huge number of undeniable advantages of this material. Among all the advantages, it should be noted the relatively low cost, as well as the possibility of independently creating this finishing material using special equipment - a 4-sided machine. There are quite a few models of such woodworking equipment, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. However, all industrial versions can be characterized by high cost. They are not suitable for household use. That is why many craftsmen decide to create with their own hands. Let's consider all the features of this work.

Why do they create a homemade four-sided machine?

There are several advantages of a homemade version of the machine:

1. significant reduction in the cost of finished material. If you use a homemade wood milling machine, the cost of the resulting material is significantly reduced. To carry out finishing work on a site or in a private house, you can use homemade lining, since it will not be significantly inferior in quality to what is sold in the store;
2. you can create additional income. Many people need lining, as this material is universal in use. Therefore, you should not think that after finishing the house, a homemade 4-sided woodworking machine will no longer be needed;
3. It is possible to control the quality of the resulting products with high precision. At the same time, changes can be made quickly and inexpensively. The advantage of a homemade design is that all parameters of its operation can be adjusted within a certain range if necessary;
4. Using a four-sided machine, which processes a solid wood workpiece on 4 sides, can also be used to solve other problems, for example, it can be used to produce timber.

The above points determine that many people decide to independently create a four-sided machine that processes the workpiece on 4 sides.

Principle of operation

Considering the operating principle of a typical machine that processes a workpiece on 4 sides, we note that it removes material across the entire width of the workpiece in one or several passes. The device carries out grinding from above and below, but at the same time it also forms the necessary profile on the sides. In this case, the formed side profile can be a groove, a tenon of various shapes. The type of profile obtained depends on the choice of the wizard.

Often the housing is rigidly attached to the base, which effectively dampens vibration, which significantly improves the quality of processing. However, there are also portable versions that are light in weight and overall dimensions. They can be used for installation in a garage or other room.

1. an element configured for the correct feeding of the workpiece;
2. a unit that is represented by cutters with planing elements.

It is important to note that if the quality of the workpiece feeding mechanism is poor, processing will be carried out at a low level of accuracy. Therefore, when making a homemade version, it is important to pay attention to this element of the woodworking machine.

When considering the cutting zone where the cutters are located, it is important to pay attention to their rotation speed. High quality processing is characterized by a rotation speed ranging from 4500 to 5000 rpm. For domestic use, you can create a design that will have a lower rotation speed of the cutting tool.

Creating a homemade machine

Many people cannot afford a four-sided industrial machine. However, in some cases it is simply not advisable to install it. That is why the solution is to create a homemade woodworking machine that can simultaneously remove material on 4 sides.

In order to create a four-sided woodworking machine with your own hands, you will need the following equipment and devices:

As a rule, your four-sided machine is made depending on the installation conditions and processing features. To complete the work of preparing and assembling the necessary parts, you should acquire the following tools:

1. Welding machine. A four-sided woodworking machine consists of a large number of metal elements. An example is a frame made from angles and pipes. Please note that using a conventional threaded connection in this case is not recommended, as there is a risk of strong vibration. All elements of the structure under consideration must be rigidly connected to each other.
2. A drill is used to create holes. In order to be able to adjust the height of the table, holes are created for the adjustment bolts.
3. A grinder is simply an indispensable tool when working with metal.
4. If you plan to independently turn pulleys and rollers, you will also need a four-sided lathe. You can order the production of new parts, but it is cheaper to find suitable ones from various disassembled devices.

The manufacturing instructions are standard; depending on various conditions, the work may take from several days to months.

One of the main indicators of modern woodworking production is the quality of work performed, as well as productivity. To meet these conditions, appropriate equipment is required. One of them is the four-sided woodworking machine.

Design and types of multiple processing machines

Such production centers appeared relatively recently. The specificity of their design is that they combine several operations. In this case, processing of wooden products occurs on four sides at once.

Most often, this equipment is used to perform jointing or milling operations. Structurally, the model consists of a part supply unit, a spindle section and a control system for equipment parameters. Moreover, there may be several processing heads on one side. This approach to layout allows you to optimize the time to complete the operation, as well as reduce the cost of the final product.

The four-sided machine can perform the following types of operations:

• jointing and planing. This can be done using shafts on which blades of a certain configuration are installed. Thanks to the design of the machine, roughing and finishing can be performed simultaneously;
• milling. Instead of planing shafts, disc cutters are installed on the working heads. In this case, it is possible to do only longitudinal milling. To process with finger cutters, it is necessary to periodically stop the part, which is not provided for by the design.

Most models of four-sided woodworking machines can combine these two functions. It is important to determine the mechanism for setting up processing units, as well as their impact on performance.

Using milling units, you can perform longitudinal cutting operations on wooden parts. To do this, the design must provide mechanisms for fixing the formed workpieces.

Advantages and disadvantages of equipment

One of the undoubted positive qualities of operating four-sided woodworking machines is their high productivity. To achieve optimal results, the design must include a numerical control unit.

In this case, the influence of the human factor will be minimal. It is mandatory to fulfill the conditions for the correct preparation of the program, as well as accurate measurements of the workpiece being processed. The optimally equipped four-sided machine is designed for processing square (rectangular) timber or cylindrical workpieces. Milling or jointing of sheet materials can be performed on a maximum of two sides.

The features of operating equipment of this type include the following factors:

• preliminary calculation of the speed of movement of the workpiece along the bed. This is necessary to ensure maximum processing accuracy;
• adjustment of each individual milling or jointing unit, as well as the consistency of their functioning with each other;
• timely removal of production waste from the processing area.

The main disadvantage of four-sided woodworking machines is their high cost, as well as the difficulty of setting up. But in production line conditions, these indicators are not significant.

To automate the work process, the installation must be equipped with an automatic feed line for workpieces. Additionally, this block can perform the function of positioning the part relative to the processing tools.

Since a four-sided machine for complex woodworking belongs to the category of expensive equipment, when choosing, it is necessary to take into account all the nuances of the design and technical characteristics.

First of all, it is determined by the performance of the equipment. This indicator depends on the feed speed of the workpiece, its dimensions and the degree of processing. It is also necessary to take into account the weight and dimensions of the wooden part.

When choosing the optimal model of a four-sided woodworking machine, you need to pay attention to the following factors:

• requirements for the design of the frame. It must withstand maximum loads, since this type of equipment is often designed for processing massive products. The best option is a cast iron alloy material;
• workpiece feeding system. It is a set of shafts, the surface of which has a grooved shape. To minimize the occurrence of defects, system elements must be rubber-coated;
• the complexity of setting up the processing unit. Models that have a CNC handle this task best. Setting of cutters or planing knives is performed automatically after entering the set program;
• accuracy of the operation.

These parameters should be considered when choosing a four-sided woodworking machine. To ensure the exact position of the workpiece relative to the machining centers, the design must include a sensor system.

In addition, when analyzing the equipment model, it is necessary to take into account the degree of remoteness of the manufacturer’s service centers, the cost of components, as well as warranty conditions.

When operating the equipment, you should adhere to the rules specified in the proposed instructions. Under no circumstances should workpieces of larger sizes be processed than provided for by the rules. Preventative and repair work is mandatory to maintain the normal condition of the equipment.

It is also important to install the machine correctly. Not only its weight and dimensions are taken into account, but also the dimensions of the wooden blanks. The operator should not have any difficulties feeding the material for processing.

For example, you can see the work of a professional model of a four-sided woodworking machine:

A four-sided woodworking machine is specialized equipment that is used for profiling natural timber. Its samples are indispensable machines at woodworking enterprises; they are also currently used in the furniture and construction industries.

It is with their help that today some types of parquet are produced, as well as moldings and door furniture. Let's look at the four-sided machine in more detail.

1 Technical features of the equipment

A four-sided woodworking machine operates on the milling principle. The clamping chuck supplies the required element for processing to the four-sided machine, which is then finished with special cutters on four sides and is returned with perfectly smooth surfaces.

1.1 How to choose a machine for yourself?

When buying a 4-sided milling machine from options 4015, 26, 13, 160, 15, 51 and others, you need to pay attention to the following design aspects:

1. Power. Here it is not necessary to follow the rule, the higher the better. Some models may have low power, but the quality of processing makes them indispensable at home. But samples with a high given parameter should be considered mainly as professional equipment.
2. Type of CNC provided by the PFS. The best option today is eta. But if this type of CNC is not convenient for you personally, you can choose an alternative option. Fortunately, PFS produces four-roll models of various types of CNC.
3. Bed design. It is desirable that four-roll samples have a solid element. This improves the quality of their balancing and overall reliability.
4. Cost and quality of components. Remember, you will have to change knives from time to time, like other consumables. It is advisable that they be affordable for you.

Also, in all models, regardless of the PFS and CNC type, you need to pay attention to functionality. The general advice here is - don’t chase very complex versions. Often four-roll models with a minimal but streamlined set of options perform better.

Especially at the moment, attention should be paid to those who take the product for home use.

2 Popular models of four-sided roll forming machines

These days, the four-sided planer is available on the market in a large number of designs from various PPS. The most popular among them, worthy of your attention, are the following models:

• four-sided milling machine sch 1. One of the most popular types for the production of profile beams. Does not require special installation conditions, has a simple CNC, reliable clamping chuck. In one feed of material it can remove up to 5 mm from the block. Designed for processing parts over 1 meter in length;
• model s26 2N. Another option for processing profile beams, thanks to the efforts of PFS, has a universal clamping chuck. S26 2H makes it possible to work with samples from 63 cm. S 26 has medium power, due to which it can also be used for homework, and for large furniture production. Like other roll forming samples 26 or 13, it is extremely easy to use;
• four-sided milling machine s20 4b - a model of turning equipment designed for processing both coniferous and deciduous trees. Like model c26, 13, 15 has a fairly high processing speed, a universal chuck, which is why it can also be used at woodworking enterprises. And like S26 2N, it guarantees high quality of product output, regardless of the specified processing parameters;

• version c16 1a. Type of turning equipment for home and factory woodworking. The advantages of this option include the maximum ease of control of the c16 1a sample, its reliability, as well as a fairly wide range of applications, which is ensured by a universal cartridge, as in models 26, 13, 160, 15. The maximum workpiece volume for it will be 160 x 80 mm. S16 1a It will be especially convenient for beginners;
• Hold MB 4015 is one of the most reliable pieces of equipment, having a solid frame. Milling Hold is intended for workshop processing;
• Beaver 520 is one of the most modern versions of the equipment. Like Hold, it has high-quality software. Compact but powerful enough. Recommended for industrial use.

2.2 DIY four-sided machine

Of course, for many private farms that want to start producing lumber, a four-sided machine, for example, Hold MB 4015, c 26, c16, 13 and other models, from the manufacturer is a rather expensive purchase.

The question arises: is it possible to make such equipment with your own hands? There really is such a possibility. In order to make a homemade milling machine, you need to purchase a set of cutters (it is advisable not to save money here, since the level of wood processing of the finished structure depends on the quality of these components).

Next, you will need to assemble the housing and supply line similar to the one installed on factory models. The cartridge can even be made from a regular profile. Structurally, the cartridge in home and factory models, including 4015, 26, 13, 160, 15, 51, is no different.

It is also better to take a ready-made engine rather than make it yourself. You can purchase a unit of the required power from similar equipment, replace flexible parts and gears on it, and install it for operation. Next you will need to make a homemade control unit, taking into account the number of operating modes.

If you are taking on this matter for the first time, stick to a simple diagram which will only work on and off.

You can assemble a homemade milling machine according to the general scheme for such products, for example, used in versions 4015, 26, 13, 160, 15, 51. At the end of the work, you must make sure that the fastenings are reliable, especially the cutters themselves.

Only after you are sure that the homemade analogue of factory equipment is working properly, can you start processing wood with it.

Just remember the safety rules. Those who choose the homemade option need to pay special attention.