How to get out of the sea into the wave. What to do if a wave carries you out to sea? Rules of conduct in rip currents

As a rule, we are very surprised at the seemingly completely absurd death in the water of people who know how to swim and feel confident in the depths. Often the cause of such unexplained accidents is believed to be alcohol intoxication, but in fact, life is taken away by a phenomenon that, alas, only a few know about - a rip current.

We will tell you what it is and how to escape if you are unlucky enough to find yourself in such an unfortunate place.

So, rip current is a very, very dangerous thing that can kill even professional swimmers.

Attempts to escape the flow lead to nothing, and the person is simply seized by a state of panic.

The most dangerous are considered to be rip currents in shallow seas with flat shores, since sand spits do not allow water to return to the sea during low tide. The water pressure in the strait connecting the estuary and the sea increases, which forms a rapid, and in the middle of the sea a kind of river appears with a flow speed of up to 2.5-3.0 m/sec.




This is what it looks like when the current flows back towards the sea, perpendicular to the shore.

This often happens near the beach during high tides, after which the waves return at different speeds, forming a rip current.

This might look like this:




The seething water is not visible here, but the current itself and, alas, the people caught in it are noticeable:





As a rule, the rip current corridor is narrow: 2-3 meters with a current speed of 4-5 km/h. This kind of rip is not dangerous. But if its width reaches 50 m, and its length is 200-400 meters with a current speed of 15 km/h, this phenomenon becomes deadly!




Signs of a rip current are:

• area of ​​rushing water perpendicular to the shore
• area near the shore with discolored water
• foam, algae and bubbles that move steadily from the shore into the open sea
• discontinuities in continuous wave bands

But it should be remembered that 80% of dangerous rip currents are usually invisible!

As a rule, rips occur near the shore and can carry a person standing in waist-deep water out to sea, so you should not go into the water alone, especially if you are not a strong swimmer.

Rules of conduct in rip currents

• Do not panic! Calm down and use your common sense. Remember that if you know these rules, 100 times out of 100 you will be able to get out of the current!
• Save energy! Don't resist the current and don't swim to the shore - it's useless. Start swimming calmly to the side, parallel to the shore. If the rip is narrow, you will come out of it very quickly.
• If the rip is wide (from 20 meters or more)... If it becomes clear that the rip is wide enough, you should relax on the water and not panic. Remember that the reverse current cannot be long, which means that after 5 minutes it will stop, after which you can swim 50-100 meters in the direction and head to the shore. Do not swim to the shore as soon as you feel that the current has stopped, it may start again!

Remember the following!

• Bump leakLife never sinks to the bottom. This is not a whirlpool. It moves from the shore along the surface, and not into the depths.
• The rip current corridors are not wide. Often their width does not exceed 50 meters, and even more often - 10-20 m. That is, you can get out of the rip by swimming 20-30 meters along the shore.
• The length of the rip current is limited. It quickly weakens and ends where the waves peak and break. Surfers call this a “line up” and this is where they usually try to catch a wave. It is located no further than 100 meters from the shore.

This information can save the lives of your family and friends. Share this post with them!

Among the southern and western Slavs, Mora is a demon who strangles and torments a sleeping person, falling on his chest at night.

Poles and Kashubians believe that if six or seven daughters are born in a row in a family, the last one becomes Mora.

According to Czech beliefs, children born with teeth become Mora, and according to Serbian and Croatian beliefs, children born with a “shirt”, usually bloody or blue, become Mora.

The Serbs believe that Mora is a girl who was born in a bloody shirt, which the midwife burned in a fire.

Serbs and Croats also believe that Mora is the daughter of a Veštica, and also that Moras are children conceived by a woman on a holiday or during her period.

According to Polish beliefs, the girl who produces Mora has two souls - good and evil, while the evil soul flies out of the body of the sleeping Mora and harms people, but Mora herself does not suspect anything.

Mora's demonic properties manifest themselves at night, and the rest of the time she is no different from those around her.

Western Slavs believe that Moras strangle people against their will when their time comes.

According to Bulgarian and Polish beliefs, Moras are the souls of people who died without confession, were buried in violation of the funeral ritual, as well as children of unbaptized or incorrectly baptized infants.

Poles, Czechs and Lusatians also have beliefs about Moras - men.

The Poles believe that Mora is invisible or looks like a vaguely visible human shadow, she has a transparent body, she is thin, bony, and has abnormally long legs, arms, and nails.

According to Serbian beliefs, Mora can take the form of a moth or mosquito, as well as animals associated with the other world: a bat, a cat, a mouse.

Mora climbs onto the chest of a sleeping person, crushes and tortures him, drinks his blood, and sucks milk from women's breasts.

According to some beliefs, there are several varieties of Pestilence: one sucks and strangles people, another sucks the sap of trees, the third sucks vegetables and weeds.

Mora's victim turns pale, withers and soon dies.

Mora can enter a room through any, even the smallest, opening, including a keyhole.

Poles and Kashubians believe that Mora moves in a sieve, on a broom, a wheel from a wheelbarrow, a reel, a spinning wheel (cf.

Spinning wheel) or in a cart with one wheel.

As amulets against Mora, a knife, a needle stuck into clothing, an ax or other iron object, garlic, a belt placed on top of a blanket, bread, and a mirror are used.

To stop visiting Mora, you need to recognize her.

To do this, the person whom Mora is strangling must tell her: “Come in the morning, I will give you bread and salt.”

The first woman to come in the morning will be Mora.

She needs to give what she promised, after which she will no longer come to this house.

You can get rid of Mora by catching the animal she turned into and crippling it.

A newborn with teeth was given a piece of wood in his mouth so that the child’s harmfulness would be transferred to it.

Mora comes from double-minded people.

The Polish pestilence is strangling sleeping people.

The Croats baptized the mora with a fig three times, after spitting on it, which tormented the child.

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Many people who feel great in water do not understand how it is possible to drown not far from the sea or ocean shore. Most believe that in such cases alcohol intoxication is to blame, but sometimes we are talking about a completely different phenomenon - a rip current.

Here's what it looks like schematically. The picture shows a reverse current towards the sea, it goes perpendicular to the shore:
A rip current, or, as foreigners also call it, rip current, is one of the most dangerous phenomena. It is in these currents that both ordinary people and first-class swimmers drown, because they simply do not know how to behave.

You try to resist the current to swim out, but nothing works. A couple of moments, and panic begins...

The most dangerous for people are the rip currents of shallow seas with a flat, low-lying coast, which is framed by sand spits, shoals and islands (Gulf of Mexico, Sea of ​​Azov, etc.). In this case, during low tide, masses of water cannot gradually return to the open sea due to the sand spit holding them back. The water pressure on the narrow strait connecting the estuary with the sea is increasing sharply. In this place a rapid is formed, along which the water rushes back into the sea at high speed (up to 2.5-3.0 m/sec), forming, as it were, a river in the middle of the sea

It looks like a river:

Such corridors appear anywhere on the beach, near the shore, during high tides. The waves, one after another, roll in and bring more and more water, then at different speeds they go back to the sea or ocean, forming a reverse current.

In this photograph, the flows of boiling water are not so clearly visible, but the current itself and, unfortunately, the people caught in it are clearly visible:


How can we identify this current so as not to fall into it? Pay attention to the following identification marks:

A visible channel of rushing water perpendicular to the shore.

A coastal zone with a changed color of water (say, everything around is blue or green, and some area is white).

An area of ​​foam, some kind of marine vegetation, bubbles, which is steadily moving from the shore into the open sea.

Gap in general structure tidal waves (a continuous strip of waves, and in the middle there is a 5-10 meter gap).

If you see any of the things described, consider yourself lucky and just don't go swimming in that place. What if you don’t see any of the 4 signs? This means that you are out of luck, because 80% of dangerous spontaneously occurring rips do not manifest themselves visually.

Rip currents occur near the shore. That is, even if you are standing in water up to your waist, and even more so up to your chest, you can be picked up by a rip and carried into the sea. But that’s exactly what those who don’t know how to swim do - they just stand in the water and enjoy.

Therefore, do not swim alone and, of course, do not ignore red flags and signs on the beach.

Rules of conduct in rip currents:
1 Don't panic!

When we panic, we are guided by the instinct of self-preservation rather than relying on sound reasoning. Knowing about the rules of behavior in rip, in 100 cases out of 100 you will get out.

2 Save energy!

Don't fight the current or row back to shore. Unfortunately, this is of no use. You need to row not towards the shore, but to the side (that is, parallel to the shore). If the rip is narrow (up to 5 meters), you will get out of it quickly.

3 If the rip is wide (20 meters or more), what should I do?

You won’t be able to get out of it so easily, even if you row according to the rules - to the side. Once you realize that you can’t get out, you can relax, but don’t panic! The fact is that the reverse current is short-lived, and after about 5 minutes it will stop and leave you alone. After this, swim 50-100 meters, first to the side, and only then to the shore. If you immediately swim to the shore, there is a chance that the current will resume in the same place and you will fall into it again

It is important to consider the following points:
1 Rip will never drag you down.

This is not a whirlpool or a funnel. All the rip currents in the world drag from the shore along the surface, but not to the depths!

2 The rip is not too wide.

Usually its width does not exceed 50 meters. And most often it is limited to only 10-20 meters. That is, after swimming literally 20-30 meters along the shore, you will feel like you have swum out of a rip.

3 Rip length is limited.

The current will weaken quite quickly, the channel ends its “work” where the waves reach their peak and begin to break. In surfer's language this place is called "line up". This is where all the surfers usually hang out and try to ride the incoming waves. Usually this is no more than 100 meters from the shore.

4 Please tell your friends about this phenomenon. Let it be as possible more people learns about rip currents. By doing this, you will save not only your life, but also other people.

In 2011, I decided to go on vacation at sea, or rather, on the Pacific coast. My choice fell on Nicaragua, one of the countries in Latin America (I explain this by the fact that many people associate the name of this country with Africa). It was autumn, it was September, at that time in Moscow the autumn rain was already in full swing and it was cool, but in Nicaragua the weather was hot (+32° C) and humid.

Arriving in Nicaragua, I stayed in a room with a relative. I must say that the hotel had its own access to the beach, where I spent time (if the weather allowed), either going into the ocean, where I was periodically doused by waves rolling towards the shore, crashing with a roar close to the shore, or basking under the hot rays tropical sun on sun loungers.

But this is not about how I rested. Having told about how fate taught me a lesson while swimming in Pacific Ocean, I can warn all the ignorant about the danger that the oceans and seas conceal and which is the main culprit in the death of even experienced swimmers.

It was September 16th. It was hot and stuffy. Having woken up and had breakfast, my relative and I headed to the sandy beach to cool off in the cool sea ​​water.
When we got there it was about half past ten. We chose a free sun lounger and settled down there. After which they began to swim.

How did this happen?

We took turns swimming. One of us remained on duty near the sun lounger, on which two bags with video cameras lay, while the other went for a swim. The person on duty also filmed what was happening on a video camera, holding the latter in his hand. After making a few short trips into the sea, I then mounted the camera on a tripod. It was the video camera mounted on a tripod that continuously filmed the entire process of my last three (made before lunch that day) entries into the ocean, which were subsequently edited into one video (it is posted below). On each of these three trips, I went quite far from the shore, and the most recent fuse remains in my memory for a long time, because in those few minutes of swimming one phrase drilled into my head: “How can I get to the shore?” Indeed, things could have taken a much more serious turn if I had panicked.

The first (in the video) 2 runs passed without any incident. I went into the sea and quietly rejoiced at the waves rolling onto the shore, which splashed me headlong. Especially when I went into the water so far from the shore that the water was up to my chest. By the way. On my first run, it was exactly this far from the shore that I entered the water. After spending a few minutes in the salty sea water, I returned to the shore.
On the second (in the video) approach, I moved a little further from the shore than the first time (the water reached my neck). After several minutes of being in the relatively cool (+27° C) water, I went ashore and headed to our sun lounger, next to which, I remind you, there was a video camera mounted on a tripod, with the help of which all three of my “swims” were continuously filmed.

Finally, it was time for my next swim (this is the third and last in a row). Having turned on the recording, I quickly went for a swim (note how cheerfully I walked towards the water). I went further and further. The previous 2 trips far enough from the shore seemed to give me more confidence in myself and my strength, and I fearlessly went further into the water until it reached my neck.
Then I wanted to swim a little. I began, as I usually did in a river or lake, to swim parallel to the shore. After swimming like this for about half a minute, I wanted to get to the bottom. But I couldn’t reach the bottom anymore. This didn’t bother me at all, since I swim quite well, although it looks a little awkward from the outside (this is when I swim crawl). Since I couldn’t reach the bottom, I decided to swim a little towards the shore to where I could stand. I began to swim to the shore. However, as I noticed, no matter how hard I tried, I was not a meter closer to the damned shore. Moreover, it seemed to me that I was moving away from him.

And this is where I became alarmed! I understood that I couldn’t fight forever with the waves crashing down on me and sooner or later I would run out of steam. And then what? Nevertheless, I continued to fight the mysterious current in order to at least stay approximately the same distance from the shore and not allow myself to be carried out to sea. I soon realized that any more and I could choke and go to the bottom. I decided to take a break. To do this, I stopped rowing with my arms and legs, only performing minimal movements with my arms so as to keep my head above the water. And it helped.

Since there is almost always a swell along the Pacific coast, regardless of the weather, I had to look back every now and then so as not to miss the next rolling wave, and hold my breath every time a wave overwhelmed me. That's how I had to catch my breath. My breathing was very rapid, and my heart was ready to jump out of my chest. At that moment my pulse went through the roof (I think it was more than 150). I couldn't catch my breath for a long time. At the same time, despite the fact that I always managed to hold my breath at the right moments, I drank a little water.

I stayed in this state of “rest” for probably 3 minutes, although my assumption may be “lying,” because the minutes of struggle with the ocean seemed like an eternity to me. Moreover, it should also be noted that before going to the beach, in the hotel bar, to my misfortune (or maybe luck, if it dulled my fear) I took a glass of the Pina Colada cocktail. Indeed, I did not panic, although I still experienced some kind of anxious feeling when I tried to fight the current that did not allow me to get to the shore.

Having more or less caught my breath, I resumed my attempts to get ashore. And then one detail caught my attention: it turned out that in those few minutes while I was “resting” on the water, I moved a little (50 m or so) along the shore (the video shows how I come out of the water a little to the left) . And the shore was probably 100 meters away from me (or maybe more). I again began to swim to the shore as best I could. And suddenly I suddenly felt the bottom with my feet. My happiness knew no bounds! Needless to say, I immediately walked towards the shore with a quiet and measured step, as far as the thickness of the water allowed me to do so.

At 21:30 I make my third entry into the sea. Around the 23rd minute of the video I stopped reaching the bottom

The presented video shows how, having gone ashore, I slowly walked towards the sun lounger, where there was a video camera that was filming my adventures. It’s a pity: the last approach was filmed without using a zoom (zoom), so it’s not possible to see in detail how I fought the current. And yet, even in this form, the footage shows how for some time I seemed to disappear from view. In fact, upon closer examination, a small dot is visible (this is my head). You can also see how at the end of the video two girls went to the sea, but stopped at the water’s edge, looking somewhere (not trying to find out if everything was okay with me). Slowly reaching our place, I immediately lay down on the sun lounger, after which I lay down for a long time until my heart rate returned to normal. Needless to say, after that I never went that far into the ocean again.

What kind of current could this be?

For a long time I remained in the dark about what kind of current was dragging me back into the depths of the ocean and not allowing me to get to shore. And then I remembered that during a storm it is forbidden to swim in the sea. This rule is successfully applied to our well-known Black Sea and other seas and oceans. What does the storm have to do with it, you say. But the fact is that the water off the coast of the Pacific Ocean is never calm. “Apparently, this is where the dog is buried,” I decided.

After about 1.5-2 years on the Internet, I accidentally came across the article “How not to drown in the ocean.” And then everything became clear to me, like 2x2. Most likely, I fell into one of the so-called rip currents (albeit weak in strength), which are usually observed off the coast of the ocean (and seas too). Typically, such currents “like” to appear in places with a very uneven bottom, rocky formations, etc. (what I remember). Of course, I was not rapidly carried into the depths of the ocean, but I assumed that the cause of my case was precisely a small current of this nature. Although, carefully watching the video, from the shore there are no signs that could be used to recognize the fact of hitting the rip.

Some time later, I posted a video about my unsuccessful swim on Facebook, and then a friend from Nicaragua reported that my case was one of those when, due to low tide(and judging by the video, this is what happened) the swimmers are pulled a little deeper into the ocean. After all, at low tide, water moves away from the shore under the influence of the gravitational attraction of the Moon. There is, perhaps, some truth in her reasoning. Therefore, try if possible not to swim in the ocean at low tide.
I also read that a swimmer is in danger of being dragged into the sea (ocean) even if there is a steady blow from the shore(albeit weak) wind. Under its influence, a movement directed towards the sea (ocean) is created in the layers of water adjacent to the surface, which carries swimmers into the sea.

Moral: when swimming in the sea, and especially in the ocean, you should be extremely careful. The sea, and especially the ocean, is not some kind of lake in which we are accustomed to swimming from a young age.