The professional profile of a customs specialist reflects the main features of his activities. It is characterized by structure, logic and content that are adequate to this activity.
I. General information about the profession.
1.1. Name, purpose, responsibility.
In the structure of the customs post there is an employee of the group for combating customs offenses and the inspection group.
In the structure of customs: an employee of the department for combating customs offenses, an employee of the inquiry department, an employee of the customs investigation department, an employee of the anti-smuggling department, an employee of the legal department, an employee of the customs protection department.
Purpose:
ensuring compliance with customs legislation, protecting the interests and rights of the state, individuals and legal entities during customs control and clearance;
exercising control over the movement of goods and vehicles across the customs border of the Russian Federation;
physical inspection of goods and vehicles of persons crossing the state border of the Russian Federation;
the fight against smuggling and illegal trafficking of drugs, weapons or ammunition, weapons of mass destruction, cultural property, for which special rules have been established for movement across the customs border of the Russian Federation (Articles 188, 189, 190 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation);
the fight against non-return of funds in foreign currency from abroad (Article 193 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation);
fight against evasion of customs duties (Article 194 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation);
implementation of preventive measures to combat violations of customs rules and offenses committed by participants in foreign economic activity;
checking the correctness of the provision of customs preferences - transit and tax benefits;
control functions at business facilities and transport;
organization and conduct of operational investigative activities;
organization of customs protection service. Responsibility:
the specialist bears personal responsibility (up to and including criminal liability) in full for the performance of functional duties and violations of current legislation;
increased moral responsibility secured by a publicly taken oath.
1.2. Characteristics of the workplace, means and tools:
premises and areas specially equipped to perform functional duties;
work with computer equipment, communications equipment, technical means of customs control, special-purpose equipment;
contact with weapons and special equipment;
working with specially trained service dogs.
1.3. Required general and special training of specialists:
higher (secondary specialized) education;
special customs preparation.
1.4. Professional excellence.
1.4.1. Required knowledge:
knowledge of regulations on criminal and customs law and business;
knowledge of the rules and instructions regulating the activities of customs departments (customs posts), as well as organizations, enterprises, legal and individuals- participants in foreign economic activity;
knowledge of the mechanisms and methods of criminal behavior in the field of foreign economic activity of legal entities and individuals;
knowledge of the specifics of processing documents involved in the customs process;
knowledge of the design and other features of vehicles and means of delivery of goods crossing the customs border;
knowledge of the main routes for smuggling drugs, weapons and ammunition and other smuggling items, their characteristics, techniques and methods of hiding from customs control;
knowledge of the psychological characteristics and behavioral reactions of typical smugglers;
knowledge of the basics of working with computer technology, communications, technical means customs control, standard weapons and special equipment;
knowledge of customs infrastructure facilities, security and safety features of customs premises, warehouses, etc.;
knowledge of the legal foundations and principles of operational investigative activities.
1.4.2. Required skills:
the ability to think logically and organize one’s activities under time pressure;
the ability to organize and conduct inquiries in cases within the competence of customs authorities;
ability to carry out urgent investigative actions: inspection, search, seizure, examination, detention, interrogation of a suspect, interrogation of witnesses and victims, etc.;
the ability to make decisions with awareness of personal responsibility for its consequences;
the ability to work effectively with people, establish psychological contact in the interests of completing the assigned task;
the ability to competently and completely draw up competent conclusions and protocols on the facts of customs violations, to reflect in as much detail as possible the subjective side of the crimes;
the ability to comply with the established procedure for non-disclosure of information related to official activities;
the ability to monitor the safety of technical means of customs control, standard weapons and ammunition, and the technical condition of special equipment;
the ability to withstand negative impacts from participants in foreign economic activity;
ability to quickly navigate in various environmental conditions;
the ability to apply different approaches to assessing the situation that has arisen, the absence of patterns and stereotypes of thinking.
II. Conditions of operation.
2.1. Sanitary and hygienic conditions:
microclimate of customs premises (customs post);
enclosed space with sudden changes in microclimate;
an open room of a technological nature;
vehicles (types of transport: road, rail, sea, river, aviation);
outdoors in natural natural conditions;
unusual conditions (enterprises with hazardous or hazardous production).
2.2. Organization and mode of work:
unregulated working hours;
business trips, trips, raids;
special operations;
duty roster;
protection of customs infrastructure facilities.
III. Social and psychological factors of activity.
3.1. Characteristics of structural divisions.
The structural units of the law enforcement block bear the main burden of preventing customs crimes and offenses, protecting the economic interests of the state, and the health and morality of its population.
3.2. The role and place of a specialist in the system of intra-collective connections.
The specialist is directly subordinate to his direct superior and is closely connected through the technological chain of customs control with other specialists in his department and other customs departments involved in customs control and clearance. The high importance of successful performance of functional duties for the specialist himself, for his department and customs as a whole. Possibility of increasing productive work when demonstrating
attentiveness, vigilance, observation, composure, accuracy, strict adherence job descriptions, a creative approach to the performance of their official duties and a decrease in labor productivity in the absence of these and other qualities.
3.3. Motivational aspects of activity.
The quality of activity is strongly determined by the personal qualities of a customs specialist:
worldview position, moral and ethical qualities, personal orientation towards socially significant goals, moral and psychological mood, the presence of certain inclinations, interests, hobbies;
a strong position in life, a conscious desire to work in the customs system;
honesty, integrity, decency, patriotism;
high sense of duty, professional pride;
passion for justice, professional ethics;
a tendency to communicate with people;
interest in self-improvement, working on oneself;
erudition, broad outlook;
knowledge foreign languages;
resistance to attention and influence from participants in foreign economic activity and outsiders;
resistance to prolonged monotonous and intense work, continuous maintenance of a high level of attention, composure and determination during the working day.
Possibilities for fairly rapid career advancement (early assignment of a special rank, promotion to a higher position, cash bonus, referral to additional professional training and the use of moral incentive measures directly based on practical results) are of motivational importance.
3.4. Features of socio-psychological and professional adaptation:
completion of a 12-month (6-month) probationary period;
mentoring, assistance from an experienced, trained specialist;
the possibility of reducing the probationary period due to the success of activities determined by individual characteristics.
IV. Contents of the activity.
4.1. Contents of the main tasks and operations performed by a specialist:
physical inspection of passengers and cargo crossing the customs border of the Russian Federation;
combating the smuggling of drugs, weapons, cultural, archaeological and historical values;
examination customs declarations and other documents to accompany cargo and luggage;
combating non-return of funds in foreign currency from abroad;
control of baggage and hand luggage to detect items not permitted for movement across the border;
inspection of vehicles;
checking the authenticity of the documents presented;
control over the payment of customs duties;
checking the accuracy of the declaration of goods and vehicles;
control over the delivery of goods and vehicles to the place of delivery and the delivery of documents for them; control over evasion of customs duties;
making a decision on the release or impossibility of releasing goods and vehicles across the border;
carrying out operational investigative activities in the interests of combating organized criminal structures;
implementation of security and defense of customs infrastructure facilities;
conducting an inquiry into the crimes provided for in Art. 188, 189, 190, 193, 194 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation;
carrying out investigative actions provided for by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (interrogation, inspection, search, interrogation of a suspect, interrogation of a witness, etc.);
registration of decisions and actions in the case with resolutions and protocols.
The main psychological content of a specialist’s activity: logical-analytical, controlling, cognitive activity associated with a high level of personal responsibility and the need to independently make decisions with a certain lack of time.
4.2. Sources for receiving information about violation of customs rules:
direct detection of signs of violation of customs rules;
messages and statements of Russian and foreign persons, as well as messages in the media;
materials received from other customs authorities of the Russian Federation,
materials received from other law enforcement, regulatory and other government agencies;
information received from customs and other law enforcement services and competent authorities of foreign states and international organizations.
4.3. Features of information reception:
obtaining from various sources (documents on various languages, explanations of participants in foreign economic activity, visual channel, data from technical means of control, etc.);
receipt of information in a limited time and through several channels simultaneously;
possible interference from a controlled person;
constant load on the senses;
stable voluntary attention with good switchability.
4.4. Features of information processing and decision making:
short deadlines for processing information and making decisions;
dependence of labor results on the quality of memory;
high importance of logical thinking, its speed, flexibility, independence, criticality;
the influence of a sense of personal responsibility;
the situation of possible influence of a participant in foreign economic activity (persons accompanying him).
4.5. Structure of performing actions:
working posture depends on the performance of a specific function and varies from static (work at a table, X-ray machine, special means) to the predominance of motor acts;
active work of fingers, hands, upper and lower extremities;
good coordination of movements;
speech culture, the ability to listen to the interlocutor, substantiate one’s point of view and argue it with evidence, knowledge of professional terminology.
4.6. Errors in the activities of a specialist:
a) sensory-perceptual (errors in reception and initial assessment of information);
b) gnostic (errors in information processing and decision making);
c) motor (disadvantages of psychomotor skills and speech);
d) personal (determined by the characteristics of motivation, character, will, emotional sphere and so on.)
Inadmissibility gross mistakes in activity.
4.7. Workload during activity of various psychological functions:
the distribution of effort, as well as time, depends on the number and intensity of the flow of passengers, cargo, and the activities of related services (schedules of arrivals and departures of aircraft, movement of trains, ships, etc.);
the predominance of workload of sensory-perceptual, logical and intellectual processes;
priority of attentiveness and psychomotor skills.
V. Dynamics of the mental state of a specialist in the process of activity.
5.1. The nature and degree of change in the psychophysiological functions and performance of a specialist:
a fairly high dependence of labor productivity on the emotional sphere and psycho-emotional state of the specialist and the supervised person;
a tendency to decrease attentiveness and performance in the second half of the working day (or shift), at night;
the possibility of influence of various external factors (from weather conditions to moral pressure from outside);
the possibility of a decrease in performance dynamics by the end of the working week.
5.2. The main ways to overcome unfavorable situations:
psycho-self-regulation skills, autogenic training;
monotomy prevention, exercises physical culture and sports;
improving vocational training;
formation of moral and psychological attitudes towards the unconditional fulfillment of one’s functional responsibilities and official duty.
Psychogram of a customs specialist. The psychogram includes a structured list of psychological qualities that a specialist must have in accordance with the requirements of the professional program.
1. Focus, motivation, inclinations, volitional qualities:
focus and interest in customs business;
a penchant for working with people and communicating;
ability to learn, interest in acquiring new knowledge;
strong will;
perseverance, determination, courage;
self-control, self-confidence, emotional and neuropsychic stability.
2. Sensory-perceptual properties:
stability of analyzer functions and quality of perception (visual, auditory, tactile; shape, size, speed, volume, etc.);
predominance of the visual channel of perception;
sustained attention, its wide distribution, rapid switching and large volume;
the ability to identify significant features and notice minor changes in the object under study.
3. Features of higher mental functions:
sufficient volume, speed and accuracy of memorization and perception;
efficiency, clarity and critical thinking; the ability to retain a large amount of information in memory for a long time;
developed memory on a person’s appearance and behavior;
the ability to notice changes in the environment without consciously focusing attention on them;
the ability to simultaneously monitor a large number of variables of the object under study, as well as a large number of objects;
the ability to quickly navigate in a new and unfamiliar environment, assess the degree of importance of incoming information;
the need for imagination development.
4. Psychomotor properties and physical qualities:
good physical endurance, resistance to physical fatigue;
good coordination of movements, resistance to tremor;
resistance of speech motor characteristics to psychophysical stress, a tendency to quickly establish communicative contact, express one’s thoughts clearly and clearly;
ability to abruptly change the type of activity;
the ability to use muscular strength of both an explosive and static nature;
mastery of self-defense and hand-to-hand combat techniques.
5. Personal and professional characteristics:
communication;
willingness to cooperate, responsiveness, adaptability, ease of inclusion in group activities, having one’s own opinion;
emotional maturity, stability, equanimity;
tendency to comply with public moral norms;
sense of responsibility, ability to persuade the group to work on a practical and realistic basis;
effectiveness in situations that require consistency, persistence and perseverance;
prudence, caution and vigilance;
self-control, concern for social reputation.
6. Contraindications to activity:
neuropsychic and emotional instability;
severely expressed mental accentuations and deviations;
alcohol, drugs or drug addiction;
medical contraindications.
It is advisable to take into account the stated psychological characteristics of the activity and personality of a customs specialist when professionally selecting and placing personnel, forecasting the ability to adapt to customs activities and the degree of success of its implementation.
The current system of training customs specialists is not optimal, since it does not fully ensure the high professional level of their activities, which is one of the factors reducing the effectiveness of state customs control in Russia.
It is possible to change the situation through further study of the professional activities of customs service specialists and the creation of a system of psychological support. Such a system should include the development of criteria and indicators of effective professional activity, justification of the content and structure of customs activity, including a description of the distinctive features of various invariants of customs activity, the extreme factors operating in them, the most common functional states that arise in a customs officer, the development of a normative model of the professionalism of some categories of customs officials and the algorithm for its application.

Professional certificate of a customs specialist reflects the main features of its activities. It is characterized by structure, logic and content that are adequate to this activity.
General information about the profession.
In the structure of the customs post there is an employee of the group for combating customs offenses and the inspection group. In the structure of customs: an employee of the department for combating customs offenses, an employee of the inquiry department, an employee of the customs investigation department, an employee of the anti-smuggling department, an employee of the legal department, an employee of the customs protection department. The specialist is directly subordinate to his direct superior and is closely connected through the technological chain of customs control with other specialists in his department and other customs departments involved in customs control and clearance. The high importance of successful performance of functional duties for the specialist himself, for his department and customs as a whole.
Purpose:
ensuring compliance with customs legislation, protecting the interests and rights of the state, individuals and legal entities during customs control and clearance;
exercising control over the movement of goods and vehicles across the customs border of the Russian Federation;
combating smuggling and illegal trafficking of drugs, weapons or ammunition, weapons of mass destruction, and cultural property.
combating evasion of customs duties.
organization and conduct of operational investigative activities;
Characteristics of the workplace, means and tools:
premises and areas specially equipped to perform functional duties;
unregulated working hours;
business trips, trips, raids
special operations;
duty roster
work with computer equipment, communications equipment, technical means of customs control, special-purpose equipment;
contact with weapons and special equipment;
working with specially trained service dogs.
Required general and special training of specialists:
higher (secondary specialized) education;
special customs preparation.
Professional excellence.
knowledge of regulations on criminal and customs law and business;
knowledge of the mechanisms and methods of criminal behavior in the field of foreign economic activity of legal entities and individuals;
knowledge of the specifics of processing documents involved in the customs process;
knowledge of the main routes for smuggling drugs, weapons and ammunition.
knowledge of the psychological characteristics and behavioral reactions of typical smugglers;
knowledge of the basics of working with computer technology, communications, technical means of customs control, standard weapons and special equipment;

Chapter 2. Psychological determination of lawful behavior

2.1. Psychology of Law

2.3. Legal psychology of communities

2.4. Legal psychology of personality

2.5. Psychological aspects of legal socialization

2.6. Factors influencing the legal psychology of the population

2.7. Social and psychological portrait of a civil servant and legality

2.8. The influence of the media on the legal psychology of the population

2.9. Psychology of personal security

2.10. Psychology of criminal responsibility

Chapter 3. Criminal psychology

3.1. Fundamentals of studying and assessing the psychology of the personality of a criminal

3.2. Psychology of individual acceptability of committing a criminal act

3.3. Criminogenic motivation and social perception in criminal behavior

3.4. Psychology of the criminal environment

3.5. Psychology of criminal groups

3.6. Psychology of Criminal Violence

3.7. Psychological aspects of victimization of crime victims

3.8. Socio-psychological monitoring of crime trends

Chapter 4. Personal psychology of a lawyer

4.1. Fundamentals of personality psychology of a lawyer

4.2. Professional orientation of a lawyer’s personality

4.4. Lawyer's abilities

4.5. Professional skill of a lawyer and its psychological components

4.6. Professional and psychological preparedness of a lawyer

Chapter 5. Psychology of management in law enforcement agencies

5.1. Psychological concept of management in law enforcement agencies

5.2. Personality in the management system

5.3. Personality of the head of a law enforcement agency

5.4. Psychology of style and methods of management of law enforcement personnel

5.5. Value-target factors in management

5.6. Psychology of organizational relations in management

5.7. Management information support and psychology

5.8. Psychological aspects of managerial influences and decisions

5.9. Psychology of current organizational work

5.10. Psychology of managerial demands

5.11. Psychology of organizing interaction between services and departments of a law enforcement agency

5.12. Psychological support for innovations in law enforcement agencies

Chapter 6. Psychology of working with legal personnel

6.1. Psychological selection for law enforcement agencies

6.2. Psychological and pedagogical aspects of legal education

6.3. Moral and psychological preparation of a lawyer

6.4. Professional and psychological training of a lawyer

6.5. Psychological support for the legality of a lawyer’s actions

6.6. Psychology of discipline in law enforcement agencies

6.7. Prevention of professional deformation of law enforcement officers

Chapter 7. Psychological service in law enforcement agencies

7.1. The current state of psychological service and the conceptual basis of its functioning

7.2. Psychological diagnostics as a function of psychological service

7.3. Psychological correction and personality development as a function of psychological service

7.4. Main directions of psychological support for working with personnel

Chapter 8. Psychological actions in law enforcement

8.1. The concept of psychological actions and psychotechnics

8.2. Psychological analysis of professional situations

8.3. Psychological analysis of legal facts

8.4. Psychological portrait and its compilation

8.5. Studying a person in psychological observation

8.6. Visual psychodiagnostics of criminal personality traits

8.7. Drawing up a psychological portrait of the criminal based on traces at the scene of the crime

8.8. Psychological observation of the group

8.9. Psychology of professional communication, establishing contact and trusting relationships

8.10. Psychological influence in law enforcement

8.11. Psychological analysis of citizens' messages

8.12. Psychology of diagnosing lies and hidden circumstances

8.13. Psychodiagnostics of a person’s involvement in an offense in the absence of evidence

Question 1. “Do you know why you were invited to this conversation?”

Question 2. “Do you believe that this crime (incident) (say what happened) was actually committed.

Question 2. “Do you have any new thoughts or suspicions about who could have committed this crime (incident)?”

Question 4: “How do you think the person who did this feels?” A question that encourages a person to describe his internal experiences in connection with the committed offense (crime).

Question 5. “Is there any reason that does not allow you to be excluded as a suspect?” A question that clarifies a person’s attitude towards himself as a suspect by others.

Question 6. “Is there an explanation for the fact that you were (could have been) seen at the crime scene (incident)?”

Question 8. “Did you do it?” It must sound at intervals of three to five seconds after the first. By looking into the eyes of the person being interviewed, you can capture his emotional reaction to the question.

Question 10. “Would you like to take a polygraph test?” You are not asking the interviewee to do this, but are only talking about the possibility of participating in such a test.

8.14. Legal psycholinguistics

8.15. The psychology of exposing disguises, staging and false alibis

8.16. Forensic psychological examination

8.17. Post-mortem forensic psychological examination

8.18. Non-expert forms of using the special knowledge of a psychologist in criminal proceedings

8.19. Unconventional psychological methods for solving and investigating crimes

Chapter 9. Psychotechnics in the work of a lawyer

9.1. Psychotechnics of speech

9.2. Psychotechnics of using speech and non-speech means

9.3. Psychotechnics of constructing statements

9.4. Psychotechnics of speech proof and refutation of objections

9.5. Psychotechnics of Ineffective speech

9.6. General psychotechnics of professional thinking of a lawyer

9.7. Psychotechnics of reflective thinking

Psychological workshop (to part III)

Chapter 10. Psychological features of professional legal actions

10.1. Preventive and post-penitentiary psychology

10.2. Psychological features of juvenile delinquency prevention

10.3 Psychology of road safety

10.4. Psychological aspects of the fight against economic crime

10.5. Psychology of investigative activity

10.6. Psychology of interrogation

10.7. Psychology of confrontation, presentation for identification, search and other investigative actions

Chapter 11. Extreme legal psychology

11.1. Psychological features of extreme situations in law enforcement

11.2. Employee alertness and alertness

11.3. Psychology of personal professional safety of a law enforcement officer

11.4. Psychological aspects of detaining offenders

11.5. Psychological foundations of negotiating with criminals

11.6. Psychological support for the actions of law enforcement officers in emergency circumstances

11.7. Head of a law enforcement agency in extreme conditions

Chapter 12 Psychological characteristics of the activities of personnel of various law enforcement agencies

12.1. Psychology of prosecutorial activity

12.2. Features of professional psychological selection of personnel for the prosecutor's office

12.3. Psychology of police activity

12.4. Psychology of customs activities

12.5. Psychological characteristics of a jury trial

12.6. Psychology in advocacy

12.7. Psychology of the activities of bodies executing punishment (penitentiary psychology)

12.8. Psychology of private security and detective services

Psychological workshop (to part IV)

12.4. Psychology of customs activities

Law enforcement activities of customs authorities and its psychological characteristics. The system of customs authorities occupies an important position in the economic, legal and social policy of the state. Its basis is effective customs control in the interests of ensuring the economic security of Russia, protecting the health and morals of its population. It includes the State Customs Committee of the Russian Federation, regional customs offices, customs posts. Its main functions: participation in the development of state customs policy and its implementation; ensuring compliance with legislation, protecting the rights and interests of citizens, enterprises, institutions and organizations in the implementation of customs affairs; implementation and improvement of customs control and customs clearance, creation of conditions for accelerated trade turnover across the customs border of the Russian Federation; maintaining customs statistics of foreign trade and special customs statistics; implementation of currency control within its competence, etc.

Law enforcement activities of customs authorities is an integral part of their activities. In accordance with the Regulations on the State Customs Committee of the Russian Federation of 1994, its tasks are: protection of the economic interests of Russia; participation in the implementation of measures to protect state security and protect public order, morality of the population, human life and health, as well as measures to protect animals and plants, the natural environment; the fight against smuggling and other crimes in the field of customs control, the fight against violations of customs rules and administrative offenses that impinge on the normal activities of customs authorities; assistance to competent authorities in the fight against international terrorism; control over compliance by customs officials with the law; protection of customs infrastructure and customs border.

The activities of customs officials differ psychological characteristics, which are determined by its external conditions (environment, results and their influence on the psyche), internal ones (goals, methods), as well as the possibilities of management and self-government. It is carried out under constant volitional control, the strength of which is largely determined by the duration of the customs officer’s work, the complexity of relationships with various categories of persons undergoing customs control, and the physiological state of the customs officer (nervous-mental fatigue, stress, illness).

Degree emotional stress(from moderate to extreme) customs activities depends on the nature of the actions performed, professional experience and the individual psychological characteristics of the customs official. It is affected by:

Greater personal responsibility;

The presence of competent authorities monitoring the work and the possibility of identifying the specialist who committed the violation;

The need for constant preparedness for unexpected situations;

Impact of constantly changing objects of observation, external factors;

Quite a high level of conflict situations arising during customs control and clearance;

Constant influence of criminal structures seeking to exert psychological pressure, blackmail, bribery of customs officers, and create opportunities for violating existing legal norms;

A confrontation that arises quite often.

Some people undergoing customs control see the customs officer as the main culprit of the difficulties that arise and try to take out their irritation on him, threatening all sorts of punishments or offering bribes to ease their fate.

The listed features of the activity place high demands on any official of the customs authority, on his moral and ethical qualities.

Professionogram of a customs specialist. The professional profile of a customs specialist reflects the main features of his activities. It is characterized by structure, logic and content that are adequate to this activity.

I. General information about the profession.

1.1. Name, purpose, responsibility.

In the structure of the customs post there is an employee of the group for combating customs offenses and the inspection group.

In the structure of customs: an employee of the department for combating customs offenses, an employee of the inquiry department, an employee of the customs investigation department, an employee of the anti-smuggling department, an employee of the legal department, an employee of the customs protection department.

Purpose:

Ensuring compliance with customs legislation, protecting the interests and rights of the state, individuals and legal entities during customs control and clearance;

Exercising control over the movement of goods and vehicles across the customs border of the Russian Federation;

Physical inspection of goods and vehicles of persons crossing the state border of the Russian Federation;

The fight against smuggling and illegal trafficking of drugs, weapons or ammunition, weapons of mass destruction, cultural property, for which special rules for movement across the customs border of the Russian Federation have been established (Articles 188, 189, 190 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation);

Combating non-return of funds in foreign currency from abroad (Article 193 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation);

Combating evasion of customs duties (Article 194 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation);

Implementation of preventive measures to combat violations of customs rules and offenses committed by participants in foreign economic activity;

Checking the correctness of the provision of customs preferences - transit and tax benefits;

Control functions at business facilities and transport;

Organization and conduct of operational investigative activities;

Organization of customs protection service. Responsibility:

The specialist bears personal responsibility (up to and including criminal liability) in full for the performance of functional duties and violations of current legislation;

Increased moral responsibility, secured by a publicly taken oath.

1.2. Characteristics of the workplace, means and tools:

Premises and areas specially equipped for performing functional duties;

Working with computer equipment, communications equipment, technical means of customs control, special-purpose equipment;

Contact with weapons and special equipment;

Working with specially trained service dogs.

1.3. Required general and special training of specialists:

Higher (secondary specialized) education;

Special customs preparation.

1.4. Professional excellence.

1.4.1. Required knowledge:

Knowledge of regulations on criminal and customs law and business;

Knowledge of the rules and instructions regulating the activities of customs departments (customs posts), as well as organizations, enterprises, legal entities and individuals - participants in foreign economic activity;

Knowledge of the mechanisms and methods of criminal behavior in the field of foreign economic activity of legal entities and individuals;

Knowledge of the specifics of processing documents involved in the customs process;

Knowledge of the design and other features of vehicles and means of delivery of goods crossing the customs border;

Knowledge of the main routes for smuggling drugs, weapons and ammunition and other smuggling items, their characteristics, techniques and methods of hiding from customs control;

Knowledge of the psychological characteristics and behavioral reactions of typical smugglers;

Knowledge of the basics of working with computers, communications, technical means of customs control, standard weapons and special equipment;

Knowledge of customs infrastructure facilities, security and safety features of customs premises, warehouses, etc.;

Knowledge of the legal foundations and principles of operational investigative activities.

1.4.2. Required skills:

Ability to think logically and organize one’s activities under time pressure;

Ability to organize and conduct inquiries in cases within the competence of customs authorities;

Ability to carry out urgent investigative actions: inspection, search, seizure, examination, detention, interrogation of a suspect, interrogation of witnesses and victims, etc.;

The ability to make decisions with awareness of personal responsibility for its consequences;

Ability to work effectively with people, establish psychological contact in the interests of completing the assigned task;

The ability to competently and completely draw up competent conclusions and protocols on the facts of customs violations, to reflect in as much detail as possible the subjective side of the crimes;

Ability to comply with the established procedure for non-disclosure of information related to official activities;

Ability to monitor the safety of technical means of customs control, standard weapons and ammunition, and the technical condition of special equipment;

Ability to withstand negative impacts from participants in foreign economic activity;

Ability to quickly navigate in different environmental conditions;

The ability to apply different approaches to assessing the situation that has arisen, the absence of patterns and stereotypes of thinking.

II. Conditions of operation.

2.1. Sanitary and hygienic conditions:

Microclimate of customs premises (customs post);

An enclosed space with sudden changes in microclimate;

An open room of a technological nature;

Vehicles (types of transport: road, rail, sea, river, aviation);

Outdoors in natural conditions;

Unusual conditions (enterprises with harmful or dangerous production).

2.2. Organization and mode of work:

Unregulated working hours;

Business trips, trips, raids;

Special Operations;

Duty roster;

Security of customs infrastructure facilities.

III. Social and psychological factors of activity.

3.1. Characteristics of structural divisions.

The structural units of the law enforcement block bear the main burden of preventing customs crimes and offenses, protecting the economic interests of the state, and the health and morality of its population.

3.2. The role and place of a specialist in the system of intra-collective connections.

The specialist is directly subordinate to his direct superior and is closely connected through the technological chain of customs control with other specialists in his department and other customs departments involved in customs control and clearance. The high importance of successful performance of functional duties for the specialist himself, for his department and customs as a whole. Possibility of increasing productive work when demonstrating

attentiveness, vigilance, observation, composure, accuracy, strict adherence to job descriptions, a creative approach to performing one’s official duties and a decrease in labor productivity in the absence of these and other qualities.

3.3. Motivational aspects of activity.

The quality of activity is strongly determined by the personal qualities of a customs specialist:

Worldview position, moral and ethical qualities, personal orientation towards socially significant goals, moral and psychological mood, the presence of certain inclinations, interests, hobbies;

A strong position in life, a conscious desire to work in the customs system;

Honesty, integrity, decency, patriotism;

A high sense of duty, professional pride;

Passion for justice, professional ethics;

Tendency to communicate with people;

Interest in self-improvement, working on oneself;

Erudition, broad outlook;

Knowledge of foreign languages;

Resistance to attention and influence from participants in foreign economic activity and outsiders;

Resistance to prolonged monotonous and intense work, continuous maintenance of a high level of attention, composure and determination during the working day.

Possibilities for fairly rapid career advancement (early assignment of a special rank, promotion to a higher position, cash bonus, referral to additional professional training and the use of moral incentive measures directly based on practical results) are of motivational importance.

3.4. Features of socio-psychological and professional adaptation:

Completion of a 12-month (6-month) probationary period;

Mentoring, assistance from an experienced, trained specialist;

The possibility of reducing the probationary period due to the success of activities due to individual characteristics of the individual.

Physical inspection of passengers and cargo crossing the customs border of the Russian Federation;

Combating the smuggling of drugs, weapons, cultural, archaeological and historical values;

Checking customs declarations and other documents for accompanying cargo and luggage;

Combating non-return of funds in foreign currency from abroad;

Control of baggage and hand luggage for detection of items not permitted for movement across the border;

Inspection of vehicles;

Checking the authenticity of the documents presented;

Control over the payment of customs duties;

Verifying the accuracy of the declaration of goods and vehicles;

Control over the delivery of goods and vehicles to the place of delivery and the delivery of documents for them; control over evasion of customs duties;

Making a decision on the release or impossibility of releasing goods and vehicles across the border;

Carrying out operational-search activities in the interests of combating organized criminal structures;

Implementation of security and defense of customs infrastructure facilities;

Conducting an inquiry into the crimes under Art. 188, 189, 190, 193, 194 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation;

Carrying out investigative actions provided for by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (interrogation, inspection, search, interrogation of a suspect, interrogation of a witness, etc.);

Registration of decisions and actions on the case with resolutions and protocols.

The main psychological content of a specialist’s activity: logical-analytical, controlling, cognitive activity associated with a high level of personal responsibility and the need to independently make decisions with a certain lack of time.

4.2. Sources for receiving information about violation of customs rules:

Direct detection of signs of violation of customs rules;

Messages and statements of Russian and foreign persons, as well as messages in the media;

Materials received from other customs authorities of the Russian Federation,

Materials received from other law enforcement, regulatory and other government agencies;

Information received from customs and other law enforcement services and competent authorities of foreign states and international organizations.

4.3. Features of information reception:

Obtaining from various sources (documents in various languages, explanations of participants in foreign economic activity, visual channel, data from technical means of control, etc.);

Receipt of information in a limited time and through several channels simultaneously;

Possible interference from a controlled person;

Sustained voluntary attention with good switchability.

4.4. Features of information processing and decision making:

Short deadlines for processing information and making decisions;

Dependence of labor results on the quality of memory;

High importance of logical thinking, its speed, flexibility, independence, criticality;

The influence of a sense of personal responsibility;

The situation of possible influence of a participant in foreign economic activity (persons accompanying him).

4.5. Structure of performing actions:

The working posture depends on the performance of a specific function and varies from static (work at a table, an X-ray machine, special means) to the predominance of motor acts;

Active work of fingers, hands, upper and lower extremities;

Good coordination of movements;

Speech culture, the ability to listen to your interlocutor, justify your point of view and argue it with evidence, knowledge of professional terminology.

4.6. Errors in the activities of a specialist:

a) sensory-perceptual (errors in reception and initial assessment of information);

b) gnostic (errors in information processing and decision making);

c) motor (disadvantages of psychomotor skills and speech);

d) personal (determined by the characteristics of motivation, character, will, emotional sphere, etc.)

Inadmissibility of gross errors in activities.

4.7. Workload during activity of various psychological functions:

The distribution of effort, as well as time, depends on the number and intensity of the flow of passengers, cargo, the activities of related services (schedules of arrivals and departures of aircraft, movement of trains, ships, etc.);

The predominance of workload of sensory-perceptual, logical and intellectual processes;

Priority of attentiveness and psychomotor skills.

V. Dynamics of the mental state of a specialist in the process of activity.

5.1. The nature and degree of change in the psychophysiological functions and performance of a specialist:

Quite a high dependence of labor productivity on the emotional sphere and psycho-emotional state of the specialist and the supervised person;

Tendency to decrease attentiveness and performance in the second half of the working day (or shift), at night;

Possibility of influence of various external factors (from weather conditions to moral pressure from outside);

Possibility of decreased performance dynamics towards the end of the working week.

5.2. The main ways to overcome unfavorable situations:

Psychoself-regulation skills, autogenic training;

Prevention of monotomy, physical education and sports;

Improving vocational training;

Formation of moral and psychological attitudes towards the unconditional fulfillment of one’s functional responsibilities and official duty.

Psychogram of a customs specialist. The psychogram includes a structured list of psychological qualities that a specialist must have in accordance with the requirements of the professional program.

1. Direction, motivation, inclinations, volitional qualities:

Focus and interest in customs business;

Tendency to work with people and communicate;

Ability to learn, interest in acquiring new knowledge;

Strong will;

Perseverance, determination, courage;

Self-control, self-confidence, emotional and neuropsychic stability.

2. Sensory-perceptual properties:

Stability of analyzer functions and quality of perception (visual, auditory, tactile; shape, size, speed, volume, etc.);

Predominance of the visual channel of perception;

Sustained attention, its wide distribution, rapid switching and large volume;

The ability to identify significant features and notice minor changes in the object under study.

3. Features of higher mental functions:

Sufficient volume, speed and accuracy of memorization and perception;

Efficiency, clarity and critical thinking; the ability to retain a large amount of information in memory for a long time;

Developed memory for a person’s appearance and behavior;

The ability to notice changes in the environment without consciously focusing attention on them;

The ability to simultaneously monitor a large number of variables of the object under study, as well as a large number of objects;

The ability to quickly navigate in a new and unfamiliar environment, assess the degree of importance of incoming information;

The need for imagination development.

4. Psychomotor properties and physical qualities:

Good physical endurance, resistance to physical fatigue;

Good coordination of movements, resistance to tremor;

Resistance of speech motor characteristics to psychophysical stress, tendency to quickly establish communicative contact, express one’s thoughts clearly and clearly;

Ability to abruptly change the type of activity;

Ability to use muscular force of both an explosive and static nature;

Knowledge of self-defense and hand-to-hand combat techniques.

5. Personal and professional characteristics:

Communication;

Willingness to cooperate, responsiveness, adaptability, ease of inclusion in group activities, having one’s own opinion;

Emotional maturity, stability, equanimity;

Tendency to comply with public moral norms;

Sense of responsibility, ability to persuade a group to work on a practical and realistic basis;

Effectiveness in situations that require consistency, persistence and perseverance;

Prudence, caution and vigilance;

Self-control, concern for social reputation.

6. Contraindications to activity:

Neuropsychic and emotional instability;

Severely expressed mental accentuations and deviations;

Alcohol, drug or drug addiction;

Medical contraindications.

It is advisable to take into account the stated psychological characteristics of the activity and personality of a customs specialist in the professional selection and placement of personnel, forecasting the ability to adapt to customs activities and the degree of success of its implementation.

The current system of training customs specialists is not optimal, since it does not fully ensure the high professional level of their activities, which is one of the factors reducing the effectiveness of state customs control in Russia.

It is possible to change the situation through further study of the professional activities of customs service specialists and the creation of a system of psychological support. Such a system should include the development of criteria and indicators of effective professional activity, justification of the content and structure of customs activity, including a description of the distinctive features of various invariants of customs activity, the extreme factors operating in them, the most common functional states that arise in a customs officer, the development of a normative model of the professionalism of some categories of customs officials and the algorithm for its application.

“Professional activity” - A person’s professional career is greatly influenced by the level of aspirations, i.e., the height of the person’s goal in professional achievements. Career. Some strive to achieve the ideal in their work, others act in compliance with certain professional norms and regulations. Vertical horizontal (growth in position) (growth of professional skills).

“Calling” - Public: artists, TV presenters, politicians Creative: artists, writers, directors, journalists Teaching: teachers “Supervising”: nannies, caregivers Service: waiters, maids, sellers. The most prestigious professions according to Russians. Doing different things enriches us with knowledge and skills, adding which we get unique abilities that allow us to live in a competitive environment.

“Professional path” - Practical part. Who am I? Diagnostic methods are represented by questionnaires, questionnaires, and tests on course topics. What to do? ? ? What are my interests and inclinations? Well. PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPONENT Study of the image of “I”. Strengthen your strengths. Think calmly and carefully. Department of Medical-Mental and Physical Health P R E D S T A V L Y E T.

“Stages of choosing a profession” - Groups of professions. Professional suitability. Group of principles. Paths to education. Realistic type. Conditions for choosing a career. Career guidance work. Career planning. Stages of professional career planning. World of professions. Three stages of career guidance. Formula for choosing a profession. What does it mean to choose the right profession?

“Choosing a future profession” - Social project. Did the school help you in choosing a profession? After all, the state needs highly skilled and educated workers. Find out what percentage of schoolchildren have already decided on their choice of profession. Choice of profession. 5. What difficulties do young people experience when choosing a profession? Age Gender Social status Have you chosen your future profession?

“The problem of professional self-determination” - Youth. Practical decision making. Youth. Time for action. Dysphoria. Early professional self-determination. Age of choice of profession. Teenage performances. Mature personality. Early youth. Key topics for teenagers. Social status of the family. Level of personal aspirations. Selection of work spaces.

Name of profession
Dominant way of thinking
Area of ​​basic knowledge No. 1 and its level
Area of ​​basic knowledge No. 2 and its level
Professional field Interpersonal interaction Dominant interest Additional interest Working conditions customs inspector
application - regulation
law, legal sciences, level 3, high (theoretical)
commodity science, customs, level 2, intermediate (practical use of knowledge)
taxation
frequent of the “nearby” type
realistic
social
indoor/outdoor, mobile

Dominant activities: collection of customs duties for the import and export of goods; control over compliance with foreign trade legislation; combating violations of customs rules; fight against smuggling; search for contraband goods; customs inspection of belongings and passengers traveling abroad of the Russian Federation; providing reports on work to higher government organizations.

Qualities that ensure the success of professional activities:
Capabilities:

high level development of concentration and stability of attention (the ability to focus on one important activity for a long time); selectivity of attention; development of short-term and long-term memory; developed attention to detail; speed of reaction; ability to quickly make decisions under time pressure; communication skills (ability to make contact); verbal abilities; ability to analyze and systematize large amounts of information; ability to engage in monotonous work for a long time.

decency; observation; good intuition, ability to understand people; organization, clarity; discipline; determination; demanding of oneself and people; curiosity; the ability to quickly navigate the environment; good physical and mental endurance; emotional stability, self-control.

Qualities that hinder the effectiveness of professional activity: dishonesty, selfishness; absent-mindedness; hot temper; impulsiveness; disorganization, lack of discipline; fast fatiguability; exposure to other people's influence;
rudeness, bad manners; irresponsibility.
Areas of application of professional knowledge: government agencies that control the transportation of goods across the border and collect customs duties and fees; customs terminals.
History of the profession
Customs is a government agency that controls the transportation of goods (including luggage and postal items) across the state border and collects customs duties and fees.
The origins of this profession go back to the distant past. Even in ancient times, merchants, when crossing borders, paid the rulers of states with part of their profits.
In Rus', customs arose in the 13th century. Along with port and border customs, there were local (internal) customs at the borders of local markets and cities.
In the 16th-17th centuries, so-called customs books were compiled at customs houses. They recorded the results of the inspection and assessment of goods, the payment of duties by traders in local markets, the collection and transportation of goods, as well as the expenditure of collected money for government needs. With the abolition of internal customs in 1754, the maintenance of customs books ceased.
Modern customs offices are located directly near the border, as well as at international airports and seaports.
Some professions that may suit a person with this personality type (realistic and social) mechanic-controller; electrician-radio technician; manufacturer of seals and stamps; silversmith.

Educational institutions teaching this profession:
The profession of a customs inspector can be obtained at specialized higher education institutions. educational institutions. Russian Customs Academy. 140009, Moscow region, Lyubertsy, Komsomolsky Ave., 4. Tel. 559-94-45. Russian State Academy of Labor and Employment. Moscow, st. Kola, 2; st. Stalevarov, 30. Tel. 918-98-30, 180-98-11. International Academy of Marketing and Management "MAMARMEN". 125499, Moscow, Kronstadtsky Blvd., 376. Tel. 456-74-51, 454-31-61, 454-31-00, 454-33-47, 454-30-91.

More on the topic Professionogram “Customs Inspector”:

1. Customs clearance and customs control of goods imported by ships into the customs territory of the Russian Federation
2. Amounts of customs duties paid when importing goods into the customs territory of the Russian Federation and not subject to refund to the taxpayer