DIY herb chopper. How to make a straw chopper How to make a hay chopper from a barrel

How nice it is to stroll through your own garden, along its beautiful paths, admire the well-groomed beds and flower beds, and then eat a rosy apple straight from the branch. But in order for all this splendor to exist, a lot of work has to be done. In order for the soil to be fertile, it is necessary to add a lot of organic matter. Mulching with grass is a great way to keep the soil in good condition. It can be spread out on the beds immediately after mowing or pre-composted. In order for thick stems of greenery to decompose more actively, it is recommended to chop them first. You can make your own herb grinder or just buy one.

The choice of finished equipment largely depends on the volume of raw materials to be ground. After all, ground grass is needed not only to fertilize the soil. It is also useful for those who have a subsidiary farm: chopped greens are added to the feed of livestock and poultry. A small amount of work can be easily handled with a regular saw. This is the name given to a triangular plate equipped with a durable and sharply sharpened lower edge.

A chopper is a basic tool for chopping grass. If the amount of work is small, then you don’t have to buy or build a gasoline or electric grass cutter. Place the cutting on the cutting and get to work

To work, the chaff is placed on a long stalk. It allows you to avoid bending over while doing work. The raw material to be chopped must be spread on the ground in a layer of 10-15 cm. The surface should not be hard, and the layer of grass should not be too large. Then the cut will not become dull and will not spring back. When the chopper hits from top to bottom, the grass is cut into small pieces.

If the volume of greenery being processed is large enough, you need a solid unit, which this video will help you choose.

The main purpose of this article is to find ways to independently manufacture the equipment that will be needed on the farm. If you have the desire, patience and minimal skills, you can make a homemade herb grinder that will work just as well, and perhaps even better, than a store-bought one. Better, because only you yourself know the needs of your farm and can perfectly adapt the device to your own needs. It will be exactly what you need!

Option #1 – a drill to help you!

An excellent grass cutter can be very easily built from a regular drill. Exactly how this simple device works can be seen in the video below.

So, the grinding process resembles the work of a food processor: in a cylindrical body, the role of which is played by a simple bucket, there is a sharply sharpened knife. When it rotates in a circle at high speed, the grass is cut. To make this grass cutter, a two-mode Temp drill with a power of 850 watts is used. The knife is made of hacksaw blade. The whole secret is hidden in sharpening the knife. If done correctly, the grass will not wrap around the blade. The knife should remain clean and free of greens.

Sharpen the knife with a one-sided sharpening. It should be oriented with the sharpened plane facing down. If you have to chop fresh grass, the best shape of the knife would be a narrow diamond so that the cutting edge disappears at an angle to the edges. As a last resort, you can round the blade towards the tip. Then the grass, which is affected by centrifugal force, slides along the cutting edge of the knife straight to the edges. It cuts easily and never wraps around the knife.

Option #2 – for owners of the Typhoon vacuum cleaner

The working principle of this device is no different from the previous one. It just looks more civilized and its performance is higher. If in the previous case the grass was already in the container where the cutting tool was placed, now the raw material is supplied through the upper hole, and the finished substrate comes out through the lower one, located in the side of the apparatus. To prevent the finished silage from being scattered when spilled, you need to use a protective cover for the outlet.

Perhaps such a grass cutter does not look as presentable as a purchased one, but it is functional and practically free. Decide what is more important to you

The chopped grass is collected in a bucket, which must be carefully placed under the outlet. It is clear that when choosing the height of the racks for the unit, it should be taken into account that a bucket of normal parameters must pass freely in order to place it in the right place. So what does Typhoon have to do with it? The body from the old Soviet Typhoon vacuum cleaner is ideal for a basic garden grass shredder: it has an upper hole of the most suitable size. I repeat once again: this is an ideal option. But not the only one!

Any cylindrical container, be it an old pan, bucket or piece of pipe, will also work. The 180-watt motor can be borrowed from an old washing machine. An old hacksaw blade will be used for the knives, and it is recommended to use a 15x15 mm rectangular profile as stands. The bushing, 40 mm high, on which the knives will be attached, will have to be turned on a lathe.

The process of making a herb grinder is not as complicated as it seems. In the photo: No. 1 - the body, very convenient, because you can load grass into it from above, No. 2 - the motor from the washing machine, No. 3 - the location and appearance of the knives

The engine with the pulley removed is mounted on studs from below to the container. To tighten the knives, water nuts 32 mm in diameter are useful. When making bushings, be careful to cut threads for these nuts. Don't forget about the hole for the motor shaft. To ensure reliable fixation on the shaft, two holes of 7 mm in diameter are made in the bushing with M8 threads cut into them for locking bolts. Pads are machined on the reverse side of the motor shaft to increase the reliability of the bushing being secured with locking bolts.

At a height of 15 mm in the upper part of the cylinder, the edges were removed with a grinder to form a square with a side of 25 mm. Knives will be put on him. To make knives, you need to cut 4 blanks from a hacksaw blade using a grinder. A square hole with a side of 26 mm is cut out in the central part of each workpiece. The width of each part depends on the degree of rigidity of the original metal. It is clear that the knives should be placed closer to the bottom. Their cutting edges are sharpened using a sharpener. The bolts securing the sleeve are placed above the knives.

In the photo: No. 4 is a bushing for securing the knives and connecting the engine to the body, No. 5 is a square on which the knives will subsequently be attached, No. 6 is the chopper platform, which is made in the form of a truncated pyramid

If it is not possible to make an outlet for the silo directly under the knives, then it will be equipped on the side. To do this, you can use a grinder to make a 7x7 circle. Tin is used to form the guide body. The housing is attached to the chopper with M3 bolts. The platform of the unit must be as stable as possible. To do this, its base is made larger than the top. It has to be made as functional and convenient as possible.

The purpose of the platform is not only to support the chopper, but also to protect the engine. It is secured to the container with 3 M 6x45 bolts. It is better to cover the side edges of the platform with sheets of tin. The racks are threaded for M3 bolts, with which the sheets are secured to the platform.

Option #3 – grass cutter from what was on hand

Armed with the knowledge gained from reading the description of the manufacturing process of the previous unit, you can build yourself something equally simple and useful without much difficulty or effort.

This grass cutter is literally made from something you found in the shed. All things have served their purpose long ago, but in this design they will certainly be useful to their owner for a long time

For basic grass cutting you will need:

• Agidel pump or any similar electric motor capable of 3000 rpm and powered from a 220V network;
• old aluminum pan;
• used wood hacksaws, from which you can make wonderful knives;
• to start the engine you need a button, the role of which will be perfectly played by the NVD from the washing machine;
• plug and power cord.

We invite you to carefully examine the photographs, because they do not need any special comments. Everything is very clear. Start creating your herb grinder and you'll do great.

Pay attention to how the blades are placed in this herb chopper. It is possible that you will choose this particular model

The motor is installed under the pan, and the start button is located at the rear of the platform to make it easier to reach.

Such grass, chopped using a grass cutter, is perfect for feeding livestock and poultry, as well as for mulching purposes.

Option #4 – homemade straw cutter

Three previous units successfully turned grass into silage. But if we need a chopper not only for grass, but also for hay, it’s worth taking a closer look at another invention, which is presented in great detail in the video below.

A Few Safety Warnings

Any device, the creation of which is described above, is equipped with sharp cutting parts. To ensure that it serves you for a long time, brings relief in your work, and does not cause injury, follow basic safety precautions when performing work.

If the operation of the unit involves electricity, be doubly careful and take the necessary measures. Be especially careful that children do not try to operate the grass cutter. It's better to overdo it than to underdo it!

(Last Updated On: 11/14/2017)

Hay/straw chopper (photo)

For various agricultural needs, crushed plant materials are often required - this is fertilizing for plantings, covering material for cold-resistant crops, and food for livestock. To quickly and conveniently prepare such crushed raw materials, you can use a variety of grinders, including self-made ones.

For example, you can make your own hay chopper, for which you can find many uses. At the same time, it will be many times more effective than popular grass cutters, because hay is much stiffer than ordinary grass, therefore, to work with it you need stronger knives and a more powerful power unit. That is, it will be possible to chop grass using a hay chopper, but the opposite option may not be possible.

Types of equipment for chopping hay and straw

Depending on power, performance, dimensions and, of course, price, such equipment is divided into 2 large groups:

• industrial - these are large installations designed to work with large volumes of raw materials, they are used on large livestock and farm enterprises, special choppers are also produced that are installed directly on combines, in this case, the cut hay immediately turns into chopped mass;
• household - these are, as a rule, small devices, the productivity of which is sufficient to cover individual needs for chopped hay or straw; it is precisely these grinders that can be made by hand.

At the same time, regardless of the size and power of the shredders, the principle of their operation remains the same:

• the raw materials are loaded into a special bunker; a special conveyor can be adapted for this, or you can throw in the hay and break it manually. It is important to remember that the raw materials should not contain any foreign objects or solid debris;
• from the bunker, the raw materials enter a special drum, where they are chopped into small fragments;
• Then the chopped product is fed into the crusher, where it is crushed to the end.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated here, so any craftsman who knows how to handle tools and materials will be able to make a straw chopper with his own hands.

Making your own straw cutter

Hay/straw chopper drawing:

The first step is to make a project and mark the metal according to it. Then the necessary elements are cut out from the marked sheets: the bottom, the shearing deck. The housing of the receiving hopper can be made of tin or other soft metal. To make knives, you can take strong bolts, cut them to the required length and sharpen them on an emery stone. The resulting blades should be secured to the disk and also secured to the shearing deck. You also need to weld blades into the space between the cutters to throw away the chopped straw.

A hole is drilled in the bottom to remove the electric motor shaft, to which a disk with blades will be attached using a special bushing. After this, you can consider that you have made your own hay and straw chopper. If everything is calculated and done correctly, then the productivity and safety margin of such a device will be quite sufficient for the needs of a small private farm. Of course, you will have to tinker with manufacturing; if you don’t have the desire or ability to assemble the shredder yourself, you can buy a factory model, but the price of such equipment may not be the smallest, so making it yourself will save you a lot of money.

Making a hay chopper with your own hands

The special shape of the rotor and housing has a cyclonic operating principle, which does not allow raw materials to fly out upward. The rotor has a mass of 30 kg and a diameter of 650 mm, which allows saving on energy costs. When the rotor reaches its nominal mode, it operates in flywheel mode. The knives are made of 65G Steel and have a sharp edge with a hardness of 67 HRC, which allows you to save on sharpening and balancing the machine.

The versatility of IS shredders

The future buyer can now assemble the configuration himself to suit his needs. And the plant will produce it in the shortest possible time. It can change the engine power, the angle of the pipe, the angle of the blades, the material of the blades. The machine is also available to order and is available in stainless steel.

Main advantages:

• Knives made of special types of steel. High wear resistance of edges;
• A wide range of output fractions depending on the design;
• Record performance unavailable to competitors at a similar price;
• Convenient cleaning and maintenance of the machine. All units are collapsible;
• High reliability and ease of maintenance;
• Direct drive of the power plant.

The warranty period is 24 months. The service life is 15 years.

*—maximum performance is indicated. For your product, please check with managers. Depending on the properties of the raw material, productivity may vary.

Equipment: grinder, 10mm sieve and, at the customer’s choice, product passport.

Don't forget to order:

• Knife - 50 rubles;
• Spare sieve - from 4000 rubles;
• Aspiration system - from 50,000 rubles;
• Stainless steel version - increase in price by 50%.

Where to see the machine in action:

1. On our official YouTube channel;
2. In the offices of the plant in Chelyabinsk, St. Petersburg;
3. At dealers in your region. If dealers do not have the car, please report this problem to the factory staff and we will send it to the dealer.

If you are in doubt about purchasing equipment, you can test the work on your raw materials in our laboratory.

The laboratory provides training on machine setup and raw material crushing technologies. The laboratory is equipped with all grinders and frequency converters.

Straw choppers can be useful on the farm, especially if you are involved in breeding and keeping livestock. You can make such a design yourself, but you can also purchase it in a store. However, the first option will undoubtedly cost much less.

Methods for making a chopper

You can make the described equipment yourself in several ways. After reviewing them, you can choose the one that is most suitable for you. Drawings of a straw chopper will help you make your choice. So, the first option for manufacturing a chopper involves using a drill. The grinding process will resemble the operation of a food processor. Here, too, you will need a cylindrical body, which serves as a simple bucket in which a well-sharpened knife is located. If you run it in a circle at a significant speed, the straw will be cut. In order to make such a unit, you should use a dual-mode drill of the Temp brand, the power of which is 850 Watts. The knife must be made of hacksaw blade. The secret lies in sharpening the knife. If these manipulations are performed correctly, the straw will not get tangled in the blade.

Such straw choppers must be made by sharpening the knife on one side. It must be positioned with the sharpened surface down.

Making a shredder from a vacuum cleaner

If there is no drill available that could be used to make the device, then you can use a Typhoon brand vacuum cleaner. According to the operating principle, this device will not differ from the previous one, but it will look more attractive, in addition, the productivity of the unit will be much greater. If in the above case the straw is in a bucket where the cutting blade is placed, then now the raw material must be fed through the upper hole, while the finished substrate will exit through the lower hole, which is located in the side of the vacuum cleaner. A do-it-yourself hay and straw chopper must be made in such a way that it is possible to correct the situation in which the straw begins to be scattered. This can be done by using a protective casing. Of course, such an installation does not look as impressive compared to a purchased one, but it works perfectly and does not cost anything.

Straw choppers at home can be made using the same principle, but using any container. You just need to choose one that has a cylindrical shape. It could even be an old pan or a piece of pipe of suitable diameter. The unit can be equipped with a motor. You need to use one that has a power of 180 watts. It is acceptable to borrow one from a washing machine that is no longer in use. To make knives, you can use an old hacksaw blade, and as stands you can prepare a rectangular profile, the dimensions of which are 15 x 15 mm.

Fastening the components of the unit

When making straw choppers, it is also necessary to prepare a bushing, which must have a height equivalent to 40 mm. It is necessary to fix knives on this element. The bushing can be prepared at

The engine, from which the pulley must first be removed, should be fixed to the container on studs, located at the bottom. In order to fix the knives, it is necessary to use water nuts, the diameter of which is 32 mm. During the manufacturing process of bushings, it is necessary to cut threads in advance to install nuts. We should not forget about the hole for the motor shaft.

To ensure a strong fastening to the shaft, 2 holes should be made in the bushing, the diameter of which is 7 mm. You will then have to cut an M8 thread into them, which will allow you to install locking bolts. On the reverse side of the motor shaft, it is necessary to machine the pads to increase the strength of the bushing with bolts. Having retreated 15 mm from the top of the cylinder, it is necessary to remove the edges using a grinder for this, this will allow you to form a square, the side of which should be equal to 25 mm. It is supposed to put knives on him.

Knife making

A straw chopper has its main component - knives. They can be made from a hacksaw blade, from which four blanks are cut using a grinder. In the central part of each element, a square hole should be prepared, the side of which should be equal to 26 mm. The rigidity of the original fabric will affect the width of the parts. The knives must be positioned closer to the bottom. In order to sharpen the cutting edges well, you need to use a sharpener. The bolts that hold the bushing must be located above the blades. If it is not possible to make a hole for chopped straw, placing it under the knives, it should be made from the side. Why does a grinder come into play, which can be used to make a circle of 7 x 7.

When making a straw chopper, it is necessary to form a guide element of the body; for this, steel is used. The housing must be secured to the chopper with M3 bolts. Care must be taken to ensure that the installation platform is as stable as possible. Why does its base need to be made larger compared to the top part. It must be made as functional as possible, in addition, it must be comfortable. A hay and straw chopper must have a platform that will not only support the installation, but also protect the motor. It must be fixed to the container using three M6x45 bolts. But it is preferable to cover the side edges of the platform with sheets of steel. In the racks, you need to prepare threads for installing M3 bolts, which secure the blades to the platform body.

Making a chopper from a pump

A hay and straw chopper can be made from scrap materials. In order to perform the simplest unit, you can use an Agidel brand pump; by the way, any similar electric motor will do, but you need to choose one that will be capable of delivering about 3000 rpm. In addition, it must be powered from a 220 V network. You will also need an old aluminum pan. A hacksaw designed for woodworking will also come in handy. It will be needed in quantities of several pieces, and will be needed for making knives.

When you make a straw chopper with your own hands, you need to think about how the installation will be started; for this, a button will be useful, which will be a night vision device from an old washing machine; also prepare a plug and power cord.

A do-it-yourself straw chopper should be made in such a way that the motor is located under the pan. While the start button should be located at the rear of the platform, this will allow it to be easily reached.

Safety regulations

A do-it-yourself straw chopper, the drawings of which are presented in the article, must be used extremely carefully during operation, because the design is based on sharp knives, which are considered quite dangerous, as they can cause serious damage to a person.

If you have made a device that runs on electricity, then special care must be taken so that the shredder will serve for a long time and will not cause injury. Particular care must be taken to ensure that children do not try to use the device, as this can lead to unpleasant consequences. A do-it-yourself straw chopper, the drawings of which must be reviewed before starting work, must be used only for its intended purpose.

Straw chopper (hay, straw cutter): do it yourself

Any farmer's household should have a variety of equipment that makes it easier to care for animals and grow plants.

A straw chopper is one type of such equipment. Such a unit can save time and effort during agricultural work.

Application

This technique mulches straw for further use in agriculture. Chopping hay and straw is necessary for:

• production of feed for animals and birds;
• flooring in the stable;
• for preparing compost in mushroom production;
• production of fuel briquettes;
• laying the ground under the strawberries.

For work on the field, it is more productive to use a hay roll chopper. With it you can cultivate several hectares of land in one trip. This way you can save fuel.

Straw and hay chopper with conveyor SS-D180

A private home always involves a lot of housekeeping work. You can buy a chopper in a store or make such a unit yourself. An industrial device has advantages over homemade ones, but the price differs greatly.to menu

Variety of purchased equipment

The equipment produced at enterprises can be of different sizes and differ in power. A popular model is the M15 straw chopper. This unit has a convenient bunker for filling hay or branches and has the following characteristics:

• operates from a network of 220380V;
• The drum with knives makes 1500 revolutions per minute;
• 3 kW – power;
• Weight 130 kg.

These parameters make it possible to use a hay and straw chopper in small farms and private households with poultry and livestock for the production of roughage and processed into flour.

Numerous positive reviews can be found about the KR02 straw and hay chopper.

This model is compact with good performance. It has high characteristics:

Hay chopper in a small workshop

• engine power 1.54.0 kW;
• network 220380 V;
• weight 65 kg;
• productivity 25 kg/hour.

Such equipment takes up little space in the yard and consumes little electricity. It is capable of providing an entire farm complex with chopped hay.to menu

How to make a unit with your own hands using a drill?

If the owner is a little versed in technology, he can make a homemade hay chopper. Such a do-it-yourself hay chopper will cost several times less than a purchased one, but you will have to put a little effort into assembling it.

The first type of hay and straw chopper can be constructed with your own hands based on a drill.

The principle of its operation will be similar to the operation of a food processor. The body can be an iron bucket. Well-sharpened knives are attached to a dual-mode drill. When turned on, the drill wraps around the blades and they grind the straw.

Drill straw chopper

Such a device will be able to chop small batches of straw. This amount is enough to feed a livestock of domestic animals. Knives should be sharpened only at the bottom, then the hay will not get tangled around them.to menu

How to make a unit from a vacuum cleaner?

At home, you can construct shredders from a vacuum cleaner. The Typhoon household unit is used for such equipment. The productivity of such equipment will be several times higher than that of a drill design. This ability is due to the good power of the vacuum cleaner.

You cannot use a bucket for containers.

In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the plants are poured through the top hole, and the crushed material comes out of the side hole of the vacuum cleaner. With this technology, it is necessary to use a protective cover to prevent straw from being scattered at the exit.

Straw chopper from an old vacuum cleaner

The appearance of the equipment cannot be compared with a purchased shredder, but in operation it performs no worse. This technique will be able to provide small farms with chopped straw in all areas. It can be safely used for making stalked feed.to menu

Features of the manufacture of knives and the entire structure as a whole

The main part of the equipment are knives. They must be made of a special material - hacksaw blade. Using a grinder, the required number of blanks is cut, most often four of them are needed.

In each part, a square hole with sides of 26 mm is cut in the center. The width of the blanks depends on the rigidity of the material itself. A high-quality sharpener is used for sharpening. The knives are placed at the bottom of the tank. The outlet for chopped straw is designed at the bottom or side. A round hole can be made in a metal case using a grinder.

The design of the support on which the chopper will be mounted is carefully thought out. In order for the unit to be stable, it is necessary to make the base of the support larger in size than the device itself.

The chopper is attached to the support using bolts. Thus, the installation will not vibrate much during operation, and the hay will not fly away. And the platform on the base will protect the engine. Manual loading of hay should not be dangerous for the owner.

Operating principle of a hay chopper

Therefore, the wrapping mechanism must be deep inside the container so that it is not directly accessible.to the menu

Pump unit

If the household does not have the required drill or a suitable model of vacuum cleaner, you can use a pump of a certain power and model. Most often, the Agidel brand or another pump with a power of at least 3000 rpm and a 220V network is used.

This design will require a large aluminum pan and a hacksaw for working with wood. You will need several of these tools. They are indispensable for making chopper knives.

To start the unit, you need a button. It can be removed from a failed night vision device or an automatic washing machine. The starting system requires an electrical cord and plug. The motor is located under the pan. And the trigger mechanism is located at the back of the platform.

In order for your shredder to work long and productively, you need to design it only according to pre-prepared drawings. They will help prevent mistakes when assembling the unit.

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Straw and hay chopper (video)

DIY straw and hay chopper: drawings, video

For livestock feed, soil fertilization, mulching and other agricultural needs, it is often necessary to quickly chop fresh grass, straw or hay. Previously, every village household had a special device that looked like a mechanical meat grinder, into which grass was placed; it was necessary to turn the handle several times to obtain finely chopped raw materials.

In modern conditions, the technology can be made simpler and faster, without physical costs.

DIY straw cutter

For livestock feed on an industrial scale, large grinders equipped with powerful electric motors are used. We will try to create a household self-tapping machine for hay and straw in order to use it for mulching the soil, for feeding livestock, for growing seedlings, etc. The principle of operation of the self-tapping machine remains unchanged: you need to turn on the mechanism so that the cutting element inside starts moving, and throw in the raw materials in portions, waiting for each portion to come out.

Making a straw chopper with your own hands is not difficult. As a rule, it consists of a special bunker where raw materials go for processing. It is important that the hay is clean and free of stones and other foreign objects, as this may damage the electrical mechanism.

In general, the design may look like this; its assembly takes place according to the elements presented in the drawings (Fig. 1,2,3)

Manufacturing technology of a hay and straw chopper

• The drum must be welded from sheet metal, the thickness of which is at least 4 mm.
• To drive it, it is enough to buy an electric motor with a power of 800 watts or more and attach it to a torque element.
• The hopper body and tray can be made of tin or non-ferrous metal.
• For a knife, sharpen the large bolts using sandpaper, then attach two or more blades to a disk and wrap them tightly with a shearing deck.
• There will be holes in the structure on both sides: one for supplying raw materials, the other for unloading them.
• It is better to make the mouth out of a plastic plumbing pipe; you can use a drain pipe, cutting it to the required size, or you can make a welded structure using sheets of tin.
• The hay chopper must be equipped with an electric motor, which, in turn, is connected to the knives, so you need to make a hole in the bottom, and then, using a bushing, connect the discs with the knives and the torque

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How to chop straw at home

Diseases

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system

Bedsores

What are bedsores

Bedsores are areas of the body of a bedridden patient that appear as a result of bleeding and necrosis of tissue due to prolonged compression or displacement between the skeleton and the bed.

Potential places for bedsores to form include any area over bony protrusions on the body that are compressed when lying or sitting. In these places, the subcutaneous fatty tissue is least pronounced, and the pressure of the bony protrusions is most pronounced.

If the patient lies on his back, these places are the sacrum, heels, ischial tuberosities, elbows, shoulder blades, and the back of the head. If on the side - on the side of the thigh (area of ​​the greater trochanter), on the sides of the ankles and knees. If the patient lies on his stomach - the pubic area and cheekbones.

Causes of bedsores

A sitting or lying person experiences compression of blood vessels and tissues, as a result of which blood flow to the tissues is disrupted. If this continues long enough, tissue nutrition is disrupted, and then their necrosis occurs - a bedsore is formed.

The second cause of bedsores occurs when there is a displacement of the superficial layers of tissue relative to the deep layers, for example, when the patient is pulled along the bed, underwear is taken out from under him, or a bedpan is pushed under him.

Small blood vessels rupture and the blood supply is disrupted. In addition, the occurrence of bedsores is influenced by such factors as:

• dirty skin;
• being overweight or malnourished;
• urinary and fecal incontinence;
• small objects in bed;
• reduced nutrition and lack of fluids;
• diabetes;
• sweating;
• diseases of the brain and spinal cord;
• smoking;
• cardiovascular diseases;
• allergic reaction to skin care products.

Places of formation of bedsores

In the supine position, bedsores develop:

• in the back of the head,
• shoulder blades,
• on the elbows,
• sacrum,
• ischial tuberosities,
• heels.

In the side position:

• in the area of ​​the auricle,
• shoulder,
• elbow joints,
• femoral,
• knee joints,
• on the ankle.

In the sitting position:

• in the area of ​​the shoulder blades,
• sacrum,
• heels,
• toes.

Stages of bedsores

There are 4 stages of bedsores, each of which develops in connection with the dynamic progress of the previous stage of the disease. All 4 stages of skin cell death can be treated. Depending on the degree of damage, appropriate measures of medical or surgical treatment are prescribed.

Important: it is best when a nurse takes care of such sick people. Their actions are based on special knowledge, which is collected in the table of stages of bedsores. It describes possible methods of influence depending on the situation and condition of the patient.

Stage 1 bedsores

The initial stage of bedsores is accompanied by not always visually visible symptoms. Depending on the color of the skin, you may see redness of the epidermis, which does not change color when you press on it.

Most often, the affected area has a red-purple tint. With tactile contact, it can be noted that this zone is hotter or cooler compared to the rest of the body surface. If the patient is able to speak, he may complain of tingling or numbness in these parts.

No other damage is noted, so it is very important that the initial stage is detected in time. In this way, it is possible to completely heal blemishes without leaving any residue.

The main treatment is to change body position regularly, if possible. Special inflatable cushions should be placed every two hours to provide space for air circulation. In addition, it is necessary to carry out hygiene procedures using disinfectants.

You can rinse with chlorhexidine so as not to further dry out the skin. After which it is necessary to apply restorative ointments that will help activate blood circulation. The drugs Levomekol or Solcoseryl are suitable for this purpose.

Stage 2 bedsores

At the second stage of bedsores, visible damage to the epidermis is noted. The integrity of the cover is compromised and peeling may begin. Initially, isolated wounds or blisters may appear. This indicates that the process of death has begun, which affects the subcutaneous tissue. The surface swells. At this stage, recovery is possible, but it will be much longer and more difficult than in the previous stage.

When treating deeper damage, special wipes with sterile powder will be required. Wounds can be washed with saline or chlorophyllipt solution. You should not use iodine and brilliant green to cauterize ulcers. You need to apply ointments prescribed by your doctor. As additional measures, applications with enzymes are applied. They accelerate the process of wound healing and skin regeneration.

Stage 3 bedsores

The damage begins to reach the fatty tissue. The surface is completely affected and the skin is missing. The ulcer resembles a crater, and its bottom is filled with dead tissue of a yellow-brown hue. The main danger during this period is that healthy areas of the skin may be damaged.

Treatment of third degree lesions means surgical intervention. During surgery, dead tissue is exposed. They are cleaned and disinfected. Next, medications are prescribed that help activate the regenerative functions of the epidermis, and bandages are applied, which should be changed regularly.

Stage 4 bedsores

At this stage of development of pressure ulcers, all soft tissues die. Bones and tendons are visible. Such manifestations cannot be treated with medication. The surgeon performs an operation during which dead tissue remains are removed and all remaining layers are sanitized. Then artificial skin or a whole healthy covering can be transplanted.

Prevention of bedsores

Patients who use a wheelchair, are bedridden, suffer from partial immobility, have urinary and/or fecal incontinence, are malnourished or obese, have diabetes mellitus, or have had a stroke need prevention of pressure ulcers. The basic principles of pressure ulcer prevention are:

• decreased tightness, shear, or friction;
• reduction of skin irritants;
• decreased skin moisture;
• personal hygiene;
• good nutrition;
• correct excretion of urine and feces.

To reduce compression, a soft, elastic mattress is needed, for example, made of foam rubber with a thickness of at least 15 cm. There are special mattresses for bedsores on sale, but it should be remembered that if there is insufficient attention to other preventive measures, the patient may still develop bedsores.

It is necessary to examine the patient’s skin every day in places where bones protrude, since this is where bedsores most often appear. The patient's body position should be changed more often - at least every 2-3 hours, including at night.

Rollers or soft pillows should be placed under the bony protrusions, which increase the area of ​​contact between the patient’s body and the surface of the bed. This reduces pressure on the soft tissues of the body, improves blood circulation and reduces the risk of bedsores.

Important: it should be remembered that the patient must first be raised, and only then moved or something placed under him. The patient should not be left in an uncomfortable position.

To prevent bedsores, the patient’s diet must contain at least 20% protein, contain enough trace elements, zinc, iron and vitamin C. The diet should include fruits, herbs, vegetables, and dairy products. Fish, chicken broth, cereals, and dairy products should be used to meet the patient's protein needs. Drinking - at least 1.5 liters, unless there are medical restrictions.

To reduce skin irritation, underwear should be soft, without rough seams, patches or buttons. You should straighten your bed regularly to ensure there are no wrinkles. For skin care, it is necessary to use proven, non-allergenic products. In addition, you should perform perineal hygiene more often, since urine and feces are strong irritants.

It is necessary to ensure that the patient is covered with a blanket and dressed in accordance with the temperature of the room, since overheating increases sweating.

Skin care rules for preventing the occurrence of bedsores are quite simple:

• do not allow skin contamination,
• excessive moisture or dryness,
• use regular water
• soap,
• a cotton washcloth,
• natural sponges,
• moisturizing and nourishing creams,
• drying ointments and powders.

Wet skin should be dried, dry skin should be moisturized. Do not use antibacterial soap, since along with harmful microorganisms, it also destroys beneficial ones, which reduces the skin's resistance to infections.

In addition, it is necessary to do air baths for the skin. For urinary incontinence, it is better to use diapers or pads, although for some patients it is enough to give a bedpan more often. For urinary incontinence in men, a urinal bag can be used.

Treatment of bedsores

Treatment of bedsores consists of observing three principles: blood circulation at the site of injury should be restored as much as possible, it is necessary to promote the rejection of dead tissue, and it is necessary to help the wound heal.

To restore blood circulation in tissues, it is necessary to follow the rules of prevention. To reject dead tissue, mechanical surgical removal is used or medications are used that accelerate rejection, for example, Iruksol ointment.

In addition, you can use the following home remedy: dressings with a cognac salt solution (150 ml of cognac and 30 g of salt), which should be applied under compress paper and replaced as necessary. Before applying a new dressing, it is necessary to wash the wound.

Various healing agents can be used to heal a wound:

• sea ​​buckthorn oil,
• ointment "Actovegin"
• "Levomikol",
• "Levosin"
• "Solcoseryl" and others.

Often, bedsores are complicated by a secondary infection, then antibacterial and antiseptic agents should be used to treat them:

• 3% hydrogen peroxide solution,
• boric acid,
• furacillin solution,
• white streptocide powder,
• ointments "Levomikol" and "Levosin".

Hard-to-heal or large-area bedsores can only be cured surgically - by tissue transplantation.

When treating bedsores, bandages should be used. To secure them, use a bandage or plaster. It is necessary to use a paper-based patch, since the skin under it breathes, and the glue secures the bandage well. When applying the patch, avoid the formation of skin folds.

Folk remedies for treating bedsores at home

It must be remembered that when using folk remedies to treat bedsores at home, you should consult with your doctor.

Boil 100 g of vegetable oil and add a piece of beeswax. Stir and cool - you will get a mass similar to Vaseline. Bedsores, ulcers or wounds should be lubricated with this ointment. To prevent bedsores, mix water with vodka or alcohol, add a few drops of shampoo or shower gel and wipe the body. Finish wiping with a dry cloth. Bedsores are well treated by Kalanchoe. Cut the Kalanchoe leaves and apply the side where the juice flows as a sticker and secure. The wound will heal overnight. Simmer 2 finely chopped onions and 2 tablespoons of vegetable oil in an enamel pan over low heat for about 20 minutes. When the onion turns golden, remove it with a slotted spoon. Melt 1/4 of the church candle in the remaining oil. Place the resulting mixture in a jar and store in the refrigerator. Apply pressure sores twice a day until they disappear. Place the patient on a mattress filled with straw. It is better to take oat straw or any other straw except barley. Through such a mattress the skin breathes and is ventilated. Buy 15 kg of millet, put it in a pillowcase and sew it up. Place this pillowcase under the patient. There will be no bedsores. And if bedsores have already appeared, treat them with a strong solution of potassium permanganate (dark pink). A folk remedy for bedsores and other skin diseases is calendula ointment. It is necessary to grind a tablespoon of dried calendula flowers in a coffee grinder and mix with 50 g of Vaseline. The mixture is applied to the sore spot 1-2 times a day until complete recovery. Ointment for bedsores and fistulas: mix olive oil and vodka in equal quantities. Wipe the sore spot with this mixture 2-3 times a day.

Bedsores due to hip fracture

A hip fracture is the most common injury in women who have entered menopause. Pathology occurs due to some kind of impact (fall). With a pathology such as osteoporosis, fractures occur very often.

After a fracture, patients experience minor but constant pain in the groin. It makes them feel uncomfortable and they become irritable. Treatment of such people is complicated by the lack of psychological contact with them.

As a rule, at the onset of the disease, patients experience urinary and fecal incontinence. To solve the problem, they need adequate care and treatment, some help. After a short period, the problem disappears (provided that the bladder and bowel movements are normal).

But the biggest threat is bedsores. The main areas of inflammation are the sacrum and heel of a broken leg. Such patients require preventive measures.

The most effective prevention algorithm for bedridden patients is constant change of position. But turning to the healthy side causes unbearable pain in the area of ​​the femoral neck fracture. This often makes it difficult to move the patient to the desired position.

In the sacrum area, it is necessary to carefully examine and treat the skin, and change linen frequently. At the first signs of tissue necrosis, use drying ointments, powders, and carry out appropriate treatment.

Important: patients with a hip fracture are seriously ill, and professional medical care plays a huge role in preventing tissue necrosis in such bedridden patients.

Skin ulcerations can be caused by dirt, urine, feces, or high humidity. Skin care should be gentle and non-aggressive. Wet skin should be carefully dried, and if it is dry, then moisturized.

If inflammation cannot be avoided, then the wound must be cleaned to restore blood circulation. Necrosis can be removed surgically or using a special ointment.

Painkillers are used to turn patients with a hip fracture over. They are used in the form of injections, tablets, or in combination. Massage is used as a preventative measure.

Light stroking massage movements eliminate blood stagnation in a broken leg, improve tissue trophism, and reduce the risk of inflammation. Care and treatment of patients with a fracture should begin from the first days.

Questions and answers on the topic "Bedsores"

Question: Can bedsores be prevented?

Answer: There are special anti-decubitus mattresses with a special coating and an air compressor, which partially solve the problem of static and restore blood circulation. However, skin examination and timely action are still necessary.

Question: Hello. A relative of mine developed a bedsore on the lower part of his buttock. I did applications with Solcoseryl gel. Now the dense central part has opened, there is a serous discharge with inclusions. I washed it with hydrogen peroxide and applied the gel. Please tell us how to treat such bedsores with drugs sold in pharmacies? Is Levomikol ointment necessary in such cases? What is better to dry or, conversely, to maintain a humid environment? And most importantly: is it possible to wash in the shower? The patient walks poorly, but is mobile.

Answer: Hello. Need to wash. Then dry it, then lubricate it (you can use the same levomekol). A humid environment is not needed. If possible - air baths (within reason, i.e. so that your relative does not freeze). To prevent bedsores in other places, the patient should turn over more often, i.e. do not lie in one position. Massage helps a lot (only if the skin in the massaged area is intact).

Question: My mother (78 years old), after three weeks of intensive care with a massive heart attack, developed a bedsore on her heel. Now she is moving around the apartment. But 7 months have already passed since the formation of the bedsore. I treat with ointments - argosulfan, levomikol, treat with a solution of chlorhexadine, make wet compresses with malavit and ointment. The healing process is very slow. The bedsore is very deep. Recommend something more effective.

Answer: Hello. In general, there is nothing more effective than time and the drugs you use. But I think that since the healing of the bedsore takes so long, then there may already be chronic osteomyelitis of the calcaneus, which supports the existence of this bedsore. In this case, as well as if the wound is simply large and does not heal because of this, surgical treatment may be required. I advise you to consult a surgeon.

Question: Hello. My husband (age 43 years old) suffered a fracture of the femoral neck while he was in the hospital and developed a bedsore on his sacrum. At the moment I treat it at home with chlorhexine, then apply a sterile bandage with argosulfan. I don't know how often the bandage needs to be changed. The partially formed crust is now coming off. Please tell me how to properly treat the wound so that there are no complications, maybe something else needs to be done for a speedy recovery. It is clear that this is a long process, please tell me your forecast. Thank you in advance.

Answer: Dressings should be done once a day without fail, you should also invite the surgeon of the clinic to which you are assigned - to monitor wound healing and timely change of medications or the possibility of using an urgo bandage.

Question: My husband developed a bedsore in the coccyx area (MTS in the pelvic bones and spine after melanoma of the back was removed 5 years ago). I tried to treat him myself (levomikol, argosulfan), a blood crust measuring 2 by 3 cm formed. But, as he lies, fidgets on his back, ichor oozes from under the crust. What to do next? Thank you in advance for your response. My husband is 67 years old.

Hello. “Dry” the bedsore with green paint, fresh air, turn it (or let it turn more actively), regularly re-cover it, buy (get?) an anti-bedsore mattress. After greening, you can apply dry sterile wipes once a day to “protect” the crust.

Question: Hello! Help me please! I am caring for my mother-in-law, she has been lying in the hemodialysis department for 4 months and has not gotten up. Bedsores give no rest. I try, process it every day, but without results. I treat the bedsore on the spine with chlorhexidine and apply Ebermin ointment. It's been 2 months and no improvement. Please suggest an effective remedy. I beg you, please help!

Answer: The best option is an anti-bedsore mattress and a change in body position. You are processing it correctly. The main thing in preventing the occurrence of bedsores is frequent changes in body position.

Question: Please tell me how to treat athlete's foot and bedsores on the buttocks. My husband is paralyzed, stage 4 kidney cancer.

Answer: If it is really inguinal erythroderma, treat the skin in this area with a solution of chlorhexidine and apply Triderm cream, later you can switch to Clotrimazole or Nizoral and Candide powder, areas of inflammation can be treated with Fucorcin. Regarding bedsores, consult a surgeon in person, it all depends on the stage of the process.

Question: Hello! Please tell me how and how to treat bedsores. We have a boy, 19 years old, after an accident, a fracture of the 6th vertebra and a spinal cord contusion; the operation was performed only on the third day. It did not give any results, now he is lying down, there is no sensitivity below the belt. Almost six months passed, bedsores began to appear. We don’t know how to treat it, we’ve tried everything, it seems to help, then it’s the same again. There is a deep bedsore on the sacrum and superficial ones on the thighs. We smeared with levomekol, panthenol, now we smear solcoseryl on the hips, and agrosulfan on the sacrum.

Answer: Hello. 1. Anti-decubitus mattress. 2. Periodic turning over (this is no longer needed for treatment, but for the prevention of bedsores when they do not yet exist; but in your case it will not hurt either). Ideally (they write in all textbooks) - turn from side to side every two hours, but this is not feasible and probably not so much is necessary if you have a mattress. 3. Bedsores should be “dried” around the edges, with brilliant green, for example. If “inside” it festers, then levomekol, if it hardly “festers” or even slowly “overgrows” - you can use panthenol and solcoseryl. Cover the bedsore with just clean napkins after treating it. The most important thing: you don’t need to “lie” on the bedsore; you need to “dry” and “ventilate” it. Time will do the rest.