Family fairy tales. Russian folk tales, their role in the development of preschool children. What types of everyday fairy tales are there?

A child's favorite pastime is listening to fairy tales. They can be read or recited from memory, but the meaning must be explained to the child. The fact is that fairy tales contain the wisdom of generations of ancestors. It may be well hidden in some works, but it is always present. There are several different types of fairy tales. In this article we will talk about household ones.

What is an everyday fairy tale?

An everyday fairy tale is simply a storehouse of knowledge, because first of all it contains a description of folk life, which is where its name comes from. Since these works are created for children, everyday folk tales contain a lot of humor and exciting adventures. The hero of an everyday fairy tale is not a hero, but an ordinary person, for example, a soldier, peasant or blacksmith. He does not perform feats of arms and has no magical gifts, but overcomes all difficulties with the help of his ingenuity and dexterity. Also, often the main motive is a love theme - a wedding, wedding or life after marriage.

This type of fairy tale appeared not so long ago. Children perceive everyday fairy tales best between the ages of 2 and 7 years, so it is worth reading them more often during this period. You should also pay attention to the fact that certain types of fairy tales are suitable for a certain age.

What types of everyday fairy tales are there?

It should be noted that everyday fairy tales can be the result of both folk art and individual authors. For example, Charles Perrault or Saltykov-Shchedrin wrote many fairy tales in the everyday genre.

Fairy tales are divided into 3 subgroups, which allow us to more accurately determine what an everyday fairy tale is:

social and everyday ("The Chatty Old Woman", "Shemyakin Court"),
satirical-everyday ("The Man and the Pop", "The Master and the Man"),
magical and everyday ones (“Morozko”, “Cinderella”).

However, it is worth noting that fairy tales can be divided only conditionally, because the same work can contain different elements: satire, magic, and just everyday life.

What do everyday fairy tales teach?

Everyday fairy tales were and are told to children in order to show them the right direction in life, to teach them to make the right choice. After all, what is an everyday fairy tale if not a lesson and instruction for future generations? She teaches us the best and the best, because good always triumphs over evil, people who are ready to help do not disappear in trouble, and our heroes are always ready to defend their homeland.

Everyday tales usually convey the idea that one must be hardworking and skillful. Such people succeed in everything. And the inept and lazy in these fairy tales are usually ridiculed, and they are left with nothing. Thus, in everyday fairy tales, gentlemen and priests are treated negatively. They are usually seen as greedy and lazy, and these qualities are always unpleasant to people. Moreover, we can say that heroes are clearly visible in everyday fairy tales. Moreover, people of lower classes have much more nobility and kindness than richer ones. The role of an everyday fairy tale is to expose lies and show precisely the social difficulties and problems that exist in society.

Magical everyday tales

Often the genres of fairy tales can be mixed, as for example in fairy tales. They usually contain 2 worlds, one of which is real, and the second is fictional. Thus, the famous beginning “In a certain kingdom...” is the main indicator of a fairy tale. Also, in addition to the fantasy world, there are also those endowed with special powers, such as Koschey or Baba Yaga.

Magical everyday tales can tell about heroes ("Vasilisa the Beautiful"), lost children ("The Twelve Months"), or about people with certain abilities ("Marya the Mistress"). They always begin with the elders leaving the younger ones or the strong leaving the weak alone, and they, in turn, violate a strictly established prohibition. This form of presentation is the most memorable for children.

In such fairy tales, there is always a magical good helper or object, with the help of which victory over the villain is achieved.

Perhaps, magical fairy tales about animals are very interesting for children. In Russian fairy tales, villains often have pets, for example, Baba Yaga. Usually these are cats that help good characters escape. This is not surprising, because the owners practically do not feed the animals, much less caress them.

Everyday tales about animals

Among other types of fairy tales, there are also tales about animals. They can talk about both simple creatures that live in the forest ("The Wolf and the Seven Little Goats", "The Fox and the Hare" and others), and about the magical "Humpbacked Horse". An everyday fairy tale about animals necessarily presupposes the ability of these creatures to talk and think like people. In everyday tales about animals, they often have very human problems and emotions, as well as living conditions. At its core, it's really about people.

A distinctive feature of Russian fairy tales about animals is that all animals in them are endowed with special characteristic features. So, everyone knows from childhood that the fox is cunning, the hare is hardworking, and the wolf is cruel.

Everyday tales of the peoples of Russia

It is impossible to overestimate the importance of everyday fairy tales. So, every people not only of our great Russia, but also of the whole world knows what an everyday fairy tale is and tells it to children. Every nation has its own fairy tales, but their plots are often repeated. However, thanks to them we can learn more about the culture of another people and better understand them. This is very important in a situation like Russia. When children listen to the fairy tales of their people at an early age, they perceive them much better than foreign works.

The Tale of the Hero Naznay

The genres of fairy tales are very diverse, so sometimes an everyday fairy tale can be perfect for describing a hero. Bogatyr Naznay and his actions relate precisely to such a case.

This tale is about a hero who himself could not do anything, but was able to become a king. The fact is that he was very lucky, and he dealt with his enemies simply by chance. The hero was so unlucky that he guessed to write on his sword that he killed 500 people with one blow (although in fact he killed only 500 flies). The king found out about this, invited the hero and married him to his daughter. In fact, the hero did not perform any feats, but he was very lucky and dealt with his enemies. So, he killed a snake by simply falling on it from a tree in a dream, and defeated three evil heroes by quarreling between them: they themselves killed each other.

At the end of the tale, getting scared and starting to undress, Naznay frightened the attacking army, because they thought that in front of them, thanks to the victory, he had become king. In fact, we have before us an everyday fairy tale, since there is no heroism in it, only luck. The hero copes with difficulties thanks to her and his ingenuity.

Everyday and satirical Russian fairy tales / Everyday tales titles

Everyday and satirical Russian fairy tales are based on events in people's daily lives. Fairy tales convey everyday life in which real characters participate: husband and wife, gentlemen and servants, stupid ladies and ladies, a thief and a soldier, and of course a cunning master. The names in everyday fairy tales speak for themselves: Porridge from an axe, a master and a man, an argumentative wife, a seven-year-old daughter, a fool and a birch tree and others...

Teenagers will be interested in everyday and satirical Russian fairy tales (“Good, but Bad,” “Porridge from an Ax,” “Inept Wife”). They talk about the vicissitudes of family life, show ways to resolve conflict situations, and form an attitude of common sense and a healthy sense of humor in relation to adversity.

Social everyday tales arose, according to researchers, in two stages: everyday tales - earlier, with the formation of the family and family life during the decomposition of the clan system, and social ones - with the emergence of class society and the aggravation of social contradictions during the period of early feudalism, especially during the decomposition of serfdom building and during the period of capitalism. The name of everyday fairy tales is reflected primarily in the fact that the plots are based on two important social themes: social injustice and social punishment.

What are everyday fairy tales? In the fairy tale “The Master and the Carpenter,” the master ordered the servants to beat the oncoming carpenter because he himself was coming from the village of Adkova, and the carpenter was coming from the village of Raikova. The carpenter found out where the master lived, hired him to build a house (the master did not recognize him), called him into the forest to select the necessary logs and dealt with him there. The plot is about how a man fooled a master, in different forms and variations are very popular in fairy tales.

Often children ask to read the same fairy tale many times. Often, they accurately remember the details and do not allow parents to deviate even a step from the text. This is a natural feature of the baby’s mental development. Therefore, Russian fairy tales about animals best convey life experience to young children.

A fairy tale is a miracle! A wonderful world, familiar from childhood, where good always triumphs over evil. On the pages of fairy-tale books live talking animals and dragons, brave heroes and beautiful princesses, good fairies and evil sorcerers. Fairy tales encourage not only to believe in miracles, but also teach kindness, compassion, not giving in to difficulties, listening to parents and not judging others by appearance.

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What kind of fairy tales are there?

A fairy tale is a story with fictional characters and a plot that is of an everyday, heroic or magical nature. They are folklore (composed by the people), literary (include features of folk tales, but belong to one author) and author's (written by one specific author). Folklore tales are divided into magical, everyday and about animals.

Folklore

They go a long way before reaching the reader. They are passed down orally from generation to generation until some collector of legends writes them down on paper. It is believed that the heroes of the first stories were the Earth, the Sun, the Moon and other natural phenomena, and images of people and animals began to be used later.

Folk tales have a fairly simple structure: a saying, a beginning and an end. The text is easy to read and does not contain complex words. But despite its apparent simplicity, it retains all the richness of the Russian language. Folklore tales are easily understood even by children, which makes them best choice for reading before bed. This will not only prepare the child for sleep, but also unobtrusively teach life values.

The main features of a fairy tale:

Fairy-tale cliches “Once upon a time,” “In a certain kingdom.”
Use of proverbs and sayings.
Obligatory victory of good in the final.
The tests that the heroes go through are educational and moral in nature.
The animals saved by the hero help him get out of difficult situations.

Household

The action takes place in Everyday life, not “in the distant kingdom,” but an ordinary city or village. The life of that time, features and habits are described. The heroes are the poor and merchants, spouses, soldiers, servants and masters. The plot is based on ordinary life situations and conflicts that the heroes have to resolve with the help of skill, ingenuity and even cunning.

Everyday fairy tales ridicule human vices: greed, stupidity, ignorance. The main message of such stories is that one should not be afraid of work, not be lazy and confidently overcome obstacles. Treat others kindly, be responsive to the grief of others, do not lie or be stingy. For example, “Porridge from an axe,” “Turnip,” “Seven-year-old daughter.”

About animals

Often the characters are animals. They live and communicate like people, talk and play pranks, quarrel and make peace. There is no clear character among the characters division into positive and negative heroes. Each of them is endowed with one distinctive feature, which is played out in the plot of the fairy tale. A cunning fox, an angry wolf, a hardworking hare, and a wise owl. Such images are understandable to children and give ideas about intelligence and stupidity, cowardice and courage, greed and kindness.

Magical

What's happened fairy tale? This is a mysterious world filled with magic and enchantment. Where animals, nature and even objects can speak. The composition is more complex, it includes an introduction, a plot, a central plot, a climax and a denouement. The plot is based on overcoming a difficult situation or regaining a loss. For example, “Morozko”, “Finist Clear Falcon”, “Cinderella”.

The world of characters is incredibly diverse. G The main heroes have all the positive qualities, that is, such as kindness, generosity, responsiveness, courage. They are opposed by evil, greedy and selfish negative heroes. In the fight against enemies, the positive heroes are helped by wonderful helpers and magical objects. The ending is certainly happy. The hero returns home with honors, having overcome all adversity and obstacles.

Literary

Has a specific author, but is closely related to folklore. A literary fairy tale reflects the author's view of the world, his ideas and desires, while folk tales demonstrate generalized values. The writer empathizes with the main characters, expresses sympathy for individual characters and openly ridicules the negative characters.

Plots are often the basis folk tales.

the hero’s belonging to the world of magic;
hostility between adoptive parents and children;
the hero is helped by nature, living creatures and magical attributes.

To imitate folk tales, the same principles are applied: fairy-tale setting, talking animals, triplicate repetitions and vernacular. The images of the main characters of folk tales are often used: Ivan the Fool, Baba Yaga, Tsar Koschey and others. The author strives for greater detail, the characters and personal qualities of the characters are described in detail, the environment is close to reality and there are always two generations present: the older (parents) and the younger (children).

Vivid examples of literary fairy tales include the work of A. Pushkin “Goldfish”, G. Andersen “The Snow Queen” and C. Perrault “Puss in Boots”.

Whatever the fairy tale, its goal is to teach a child not to despair, to boldly take on tasks, and to respect other people’s opinions. Looking at the bright illustrations, it’s easy to come up with your own plot based on an already familiar story. Even an adult will find it useful to break away from the usual cycle of days and plunge into the wonderful world of magic.

5 names of everyday Russian folk tales and received the best answer

Answer from [Lenochka][guru]
Choose:
Porridge from an ax
Fedul and Melania
Master and dog
Barin and man
Dobry pop
Master Blacksmith
Pot
Seven-year-old daughter
The Fool and the Birch
The Wrangling Wife
Hare
Ivan the Fool
How a priest hired a worker
Lutonyushka
Slander water
If you don't like it, don't listen
Petukhan Kurikhanych
Funeral of a goat
About need
Soldier's overcoat
Three rolls and one bagel
Good, but bad
What doesn't happen in the world
Boring tales

Answer from 2 answers[guru]

Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: 5 names of everyday Russian folk tales

Answer from Black Tractor Driver[guru]
So five or six? O_o Turnip, Kolobok, At the behest of the pike... So nothing else comes out of the blue. Question: 3 bears and Masha and the bear - are these HOUSEHOLD fairy tales or not?
Oh, I also remembered how the man shared the master’s goose. I just don't remember the exact name...

Answer from A.UMAROV[guru]
Ryaba chicken, bun, turnip, Masha and the bear, fox and wolf, fox and crane

Answer from Sergey Afanasiev[active]
Kolobok
Zaykin's hut
Fox-sister and wolf
For a shoe - a chicken, for a chicken - a piece
Fox midwife
Fox, hare and rooster
Mizgir
Animals in the pit
Masha and the Bear
Teremok
Fox Confessor
Man, bear and fox
Sheep, fox and wolf
No goat with nuts
Wolf and kids
Cat - gray forehead, goat and ram
Fox and black grouse
Fox and Crane
Fox and cancer
Fox and jug
Fox and goat
Winter hut of animals
Cat and Fox
Cat, rooster and fox
Egg (Hen Ryaba)
Lion, pike and man
Mushroom War
bean seed
Crane and heron
About the toothy pike
Fairy tales
Sun, Moon and Raven Voronovich
Feather of Finist the clear falcon
Suma, give me some brains!
Daughter and stepdaughter
Tiny - Khavroshechka
The Witch and the Sun's Sister
Princess Frog
The prince and his uncle
Morozko
Snow Maiden
Vasilisa the Beautiful
Baba Yaga
Baba Yaga and Zamoryshek
Tereshechka
Swan geese
Three kingdoms - copper, silver and gold
Truth and Falsehood
Sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka
Kuzma Skorobogaty
At the behest of the pike
The Tale of Rejuvenating Apples and Living Water
Go there - I don’t know where, bring that - I don’t know what
Tom Thumb
Chivy, chivy, chivychok...
Ivan - son of a cow
Ivan Tsarevich and Gray wolf
Sivka-burka
The Sea King and Vasilisa the Wise
The tale of the glorious, mighty hero Eruslan Lazarevich
Ivan - peasant son and miracle Yudo
Marya Morevna
Magic ring
Petrified Kingdom
The Enchanted Princess
Crystal Mountain
White duck
Prophetic dream
Magic pipe
Clay guy
Grief
Treasure
Dashingly one-eyed
Nikita Kozhemyaka
Night dancing
Rooster and millstones
bird tongue
Seven Simeons
The soldier and the devil
Tricky Science
Devil-lender
Wonderful shirt
Shabarsha
Magic horse
Everyday tales
Porridge from an ax
Fedul and Melania
Master and dog
Barin and man
Dobry pop
Master Blacksmith
Pot
Seven-year-old daughter
The Fool and the Birch
The Wrangling Wife
Hare
Ivan the Fool
How a priest hired a worker
Lutonyushka
Slander water
If you don't like it, don't listen
Petukhan Kurikhanych
Funeral of a goat
About need
Soldier's overcoat
Three rolls and one bagel
Good, but bad
What doesn’t happen in the world - like everything

Answer from Artem michailin[newbie]
Porridge from an ax

Answer from Yergey Starykh[active]
porridge from an ax

Answer from Igor Shvedov[newbie]
Thank you

Answer from Natalya Solomeina[newbie]
thank you

Answer from Just a Cutie[newbie]
Household:
1.About need
2.Soldier's overcoat
3. Three rolls and one bagel
4.Good, but bad
5. If you don’t like it, don’t listen
6.Petukhan Kurikhanych
7.What doesn’t happen in the world
8. Boring tales
9. Porridge from an ax
10.Fedul and Melania
11. Master and dog
12. Master and man
13. Good pop
14. Master-blacksmith
15.Potty
16. Seven-year-old daughter
17. The Fool and the Birch
18. The Argumentative Wife
19.Hare

Answer from Olga Ivanova[newbie]
Thank you

Answer from Alla Chesnokova[active]
cgfcb,j

Answer from Olga Martynenko[newbie]
Coachman and merchant
Pike with horseradish
Six brothers - all Agathons
Shemyakin court
The soldier was walking home
What are you bringing to the market?
What do you hear next?
Purity, grace and beauty
Devil-lender
What doesn't happen in the world
Church service
Tsar, old man and boyars
Tsar Ivan and the Lapotnik
Skinny wife
Good, but bad
Whip and Sneaky
Fomka is a jester
Thomas and Erema
Foma Berennikov
Fedul and Melania
Smart worker
Daring farmhand
One woman had a deaf husband
A man had a piece of bacon hanging in his hallway
Three rolls and one bagel
Stomping and kicking
Tini-tini, sip...
Court
The river is all made of milk, the banks are made of jelly
Old woman's prayer
Matched children
Soldiers' school
Soldier's overcoat
Soldier's riddle
Soldier-storyteller
Soldier and king in the forest
Soldier and lard
Soldier and dumplings
The Tale of the Hero Gol Voyansky
Angry lady
Pig at a wedding
Shoemaker in the sky
Gemstone
Fishing and hunting tales
Rhymes
turnip
Turnip and honey
Turnip
Talk
About one soldier
About need
About a poor man
The Vyatkas came to Moscow
Saying
Habits
Funeral of a goat
Promised half
Popov's subterfuges
Popova cow
Pop Groin
Pop in the next world
Pop on holiday
Pop and worker
Pop and boy
Pop and deacon
Landowner and headman
The man took three-quarters of the rye to town to sell
For a penny glitter
Carpenter and wedge
Peter 1 and the man
Petukhan Kurikhanych
Hunter and his wife
The slandered merchant's daughter
One stupid woman
About the gypsy
About the Villager and the She-Bear
Night on Ivan Kupala
Inept Wife
Unsolved mystery
Illiterate village
Father's Instruction
Slander water
Stuffed fool
Peasant caftan
Man and pop
The Man and the Bear (Tops and Roots)
Man and hare
Husband and wife
Hassle
Mizgir
Mena
Fox and blackbird
Laziness and Dirty
Lazy wife
Lied and Cheated
A man bought a goose for the holiday and hung it in the hallway
Where are you going, my dear?
Who will be better off on judgment day?
If you drown
Mare's egg
Porridge from an ax
Kakofey
How the old woman found the bast shoe
How the old man ran the house
How a priest hired a worker
How a man divided geese
How a husband weaned his wife off fairy tales
How the husband managed the house
How Ivan the Fool guarded the door
How the deacon was treated to honey
How are things in Rostov?
How the master bought a sheep
Cab driver and horse
Ivan the Terrible and the Thief
Witch Doctor
Hare
Puzzles
Will
Behind bad head- leg work
The Wrangling Wife
Prover wife
The Fool and the Birch
Duma
Seven-year-old daughter
Daughter and stepdaughter
Expensive lunch
Expensive skin
Doka on doka
Guess
Dobry pop
Grandfather and grandson
Two old women and a bishop
Two friends
Two Ivans - soldiers' sons
Two thieves
It was a long time ago...
Sovereign Sidor Karpovich
Pot
potter
Gorshenya
Stupid man
Stupid groom
Stupid lady
The girl got married
Thieves and the Judge
Crow and cancer
Thieving man
Magic caftan
Prophetic oak
In one village there lived an old man
There was a German manager in one landowner village
Brito - shorn
Brother and sister
Big one brick house
Chatty woman
Unmemorable son-in-law
Carefree Monastery
Carefree wife
Illiterate village
Poor master and servant
Father, let go!
Barsky geese
Master Blacksmith
The master barks in the church
Master and headman
Master and dog
Barin and man
Master and gander
Master - servant
Baba and two soldiers
Afonka! Where have you been?..

There are two types of fairy tales: original and folk. The name itself speaks for itself. Author's fairy tales include works written by one specific person. As a rule, he is the creator and parent whose name is advertised in the book.

Folk tales are passed down from generation to generation, by word of mouth. There is no one specific writer, everyone adds their own. As a result, with each reteller new actions appear, and then the fairy tale sounds in a new way.
From century to century, from generation to generation, stories are passed on where ancestors teach and pass on their wisdom, their instructions and enormous experience.

The common feature of the two types is the deepest meaning contained between the lines. For a child, a fairy tale is a fun and interesting story; for an adult, it is a text that carries moral and ethical implications.

Types of fairy tales by content

magical
about animals
household

Fairy tales

Magic is present in almost every fairy tale. It is this that defeats evil and helps heroes cope with difficulties. Thanks to such stories, many children from an early age believe in miracles and magic. The author immerses you in a fantasy world where, with the help of magical objects or actions, any desire comes true. The purpose of such stories is to convey to the reader that there should always be faith in miracles. Miracles can strike at the most unexpected moment. These are exactly what the main character lacks to achieve his goal.

Animal Tales

In this form, the role of humans is replaced by animals, not only domestic ones, but also forest and wild animals. Fish, birds, insects, all living creatures are involved, each has a special role. Even natural phenomena receive, if not the main, then secondary significance. Both animals have their own character and principles of behavior. We were taught that the hare is a coward - he is afraid of everything and everyone. The fox is cunning and greedy. Everyone is afraid of the bear, but according to the plan, he is one of the intelligent animals. At first glance, the wolf is toothy and predatory. It is often found in fairy tales where he turns out to be a coward and a compassionate animal. In all actions, these heroes perform similar roles. It is stories about animals that instill in readers how they should be represented.

The most popular fairy tales about animals include:

Teremok
Kolobok
turnip

In turn, stories about our little brothers are divided into two subgroups: in some, animals play a secondary role - At the behest of the pike. In others, their importance is equal to that of humans - Dobrynya Nikitich and Zmey Gorynych.

Everyday tales

Works of this nature show that you shouldn’t expect miracles, you need to do everything yourself. Only a hardworking, fair and prudent person can achieve everything in life. They show the inherent life of each person. They focus on negative traits, make fun of them and teach a necessary lesson. In these works, the main thing is not powerful force, but intelligence and morality. In these fairy tales, stingy and greedy people are always taught a lesson by the wise and noble.

These include:

Porridge from an ax
The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda
Magic pipe

Whatever fairy tales are, children of all ages love them very much. After all, they are the lessons in everyday life. They learn from the characters' mistakes and imitate the main characters. A fairy tale is important especially for young children. She subconsciously teaches lessons in different situations. Shows that defending your own opinion is important. Also, attitudes towards different nationalities and races should not be a barrier to communication. Correct address to adults and elderly people. It’s not for nothing that they say that they learn from fairy tales.

Some people distinguish 4 types of fairy tales, others 3 types. 5th grade, 2nd grade.

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