Ivan fomin and classical tradition. Architect fomin ivan alexandrovich and a fomin architect

Architect Ivan Alexandrovich Fomin was born in the city of Orel in February 1872. Starting work in architectural style modern, became over time the leading master of neoclassical architecture. In Soviet times, he developed and applied the "proletarian classics", thus becoming the founder of the so-called Stalinist architecture.

Fomin graduated from the classical gymnasium in the city of Riga, immediately after which he went to study at Moscow University. He studied here for only two years, after which he entered the Imperial Academy of Arts. But even here he did not stay long, being expelled for political reasons.

The next place of study was the "Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture", then a business trip to Paris and, finally, passing all the necessary exams and obtaining the right to practice architectural practice.

For some time, Ivan Aleksandrovich worked in Moscow in architectural firms and. Under the leadership of the latter, he took part in the design of the Art Theater and Ryabushinsky's mansion. In 1900 he built in Pervoprestolnaya the first building in his practice at 20 Skaterny Pereulok, which was later rebuilt by another architect.

While in Moscow, together with Ilya Bondarenko and Fyodor Shekhtel, the architect Fomin organized the exhibition "Arts and Architecture of the New Style", however, he could not create a community of architects in the city who would accept this style.

After 1903, the architect departed from Art Nouveau and more and more inclined towards neoclassicism. This was confirmed by an article in the magazine "World of Art", published in 1904, in which Fomin defends the "Alexander Empire".

In 1905, Ivan Alexandrovich Fomin returned to the capital - the city of St. Petersburg, where he again entered the Academy of Arts in the workshop of Leonty Nikolaevich Benois. His graduation work in 1909 was the project "Kurzal on Mineralnye Vody". The defense was successful and he was awarded the title of artist-architect, as well as a retirement internship abroad.

In years Soviet power, from February 1918 to September 1929, the architect Fomin taught at the "Petrograd State Free Artistic and Educational Workshops" (formerly the Academy of Arts) at the Faculty of Architecture.

In 1929, Ivan Alexandrovich moved to Moscow, and his further creative work will be associated with this city until the end of his life, although during this period he will create projects for buildings now on the territory of the Soviet Union.

Until June 28 in the house-museum of the Muravyov-Apostles at the exhibition “Ivan Fomin. From Art Nouveau to Classics ”, show fifty pre-revolutionary graphic works by Ivan Fomin, revealing the famous Soviet architect from an unexpected side. All of them are in private collections, and it is almost impossible to see them at other times.

The curator of the exhibition, Sergei Podstanitsky, talks about some of the works presented at the exhibition.

In 1902, Ivan Fomin, with the participation of F.O. Shekhtel and I.E. Bondarenko organized an exhibition in Moscow dedicated to the gaining strength of the Art Nouveau style, to which not only Russian architects and artists were invited to participate. Having traveled around most of Europe, he talked with representatives of the Vienna Secession, English and Scottish Art Nouveau: Joseph Olbrich, Joseph Hoffmann, Charles Reni McIntosh. All of them, to one degree or another, took part in the exhibition, which became a kind of meeting place for Russian and European art. Russian works received extremely positive reviews from Western artists. The guests were greatly impressed by the use of elements of the Russian style, traditional for Russia and exotic for foreign participants.

Back in 1897, Ivan Fomin took part in student riots and was expelled from the Academy of Arts. Only those students who submitted a petition promising to “follow the rules for students established by the Academy's administration” were accepted back. Fomin considered it humiliating and was able to return to the Academy only after the 1905 revolution. In 1909 he defended his thesis "Kurzal on Mineralnye Vody". The project was not planned for implementation: it was not the right time for a beautiful fantasy. This is one of the pages of the diploma, but the exhibition features several works showing the development of the project from the first pencil sketches to the finished etchings.

For the project of the resort hall on Mineralnye Vody, Ivan Fomin received the title of artist-architect and the right to a pensioner's trip. He went to Greece, Egypt and Italy. Italy was a must for all young architects, but the choice of the rest of the route is unusual: few have visited Egypt. Luxor left a huge imprint on all further work of Fomin. From here he brought many sketches of obelisks, and then this form appeared regularly in his works. Most of Luxor's drawings are not topographically accurate. They were made later and were architectural fantasies. But this sheet appears to have been made on the spot. It is interesting that on the trip Fomin carried large etching boards with him everywhere in order to engrave the scenes he liked right on the spot, although this was not obligatory.

From Egypt, Fomin went to Italy, where all the young architects strove to get. Roman ruins were one of the leading themes of the Academy of Arts. Fomin was attracted not only by ancient, but also by baroque Rome. This engraving was made from life drawing. It is interesting because Fomin adds an obelisk, one of his favorite objects, to the traditional Roman subject.

In 1912, it was planned to widely celebrate the anniversary of the victory in the War of 1812. In Moscow, it was planned to build a museum, the exhibits of which were to be things donated by the descendants of the participants in the events. Thanks to private donations, huge funds were collected for the celebration and the museum, but the construction of the building did not begin due to the revolution that happened. Fomin's project won the third prize. Things brought by descendants are now included in the collection of the State Historical Museum. Several sketches of Fomin for this project are also kept there.

A competition was announced for the project of the Borodinsky Bridge, in which many leading architects took part. Fomin's project, carried out jointly with the engineer G.P. Perederiy, won the second prize. The first jury awarded the work of R.I. Klein, which we can still see on the Moskva River. Apparently, Fomin's work seemed too lapidary.

A rare case in the biography of early Fomin: his project received the first prize, was built and is still standing. True, it does not look quite like that. The first sketch submitted for the competition, which we see, referred to Trajan's column with its relief encircling the trunk. The idea was large-scale, but quite expensive. In order to save money, another version was made - not a column, but an obelisk. In the upper right corner of this unrealized version, there was a note by Fomin's hand: "In Vitebsk, Variant is more expensive and without a bas-relief."

This is a project of the interior of the office of one of the closest friends of Emperor Alexander III. For his St. Petersburg mansion on Mokhovaya Street, house 10, Count Vorontsov-Dashkov ordered the finishing of Fomin. For a long time it was not known what became of this office, but several years ago in one of the interiors of St. Petersburg it was this room that was recognized. Unfortunately, little is left of it: several bas-reliefs and fireplaces. Things created according to Fomin's sketches, apparently, died during the revolution or during the blockade.

Exhibition “Ivan Fomin. From Art Nouveau to Classics "takes place in the house-museum of Muravyov-Apostols at st. Staraya Basmannaya, 23/9, building 1. The exhibition is open on Wednesdays and Saturdays from 15:00 to 19:00 until 28 June.

Russian and Soviet architect, teacher, architectural historian. Having started his work in the Art Nouveau style, in the early 1910s he became the leading master of the Petersburg neoclassical school. In the 1920s, he developed the theory and practice of "proletarian classics" and became one of the founders of Stalinist architecture. Worked for L. N. Kekusheva and F.O.Shekhtel .

After graduating from the Alexander Gymnasium in Riga, he entered the Imperial Moscow University, which two years later left and entered the Imperial Academy of Arts. In 1896 he was expelled from the Academy for political reasons, continued his studies at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, then in Paris, and a year later in Moscow he passed the exam for the right to practice architecture.

Polovtsov Palace Saint Petersburg

The building of the Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR in Kiev
In 1900, by order of the Moscow Trade and Construction Joint Stock Company, he built his first building in Skatertny Lane. In 1902, together with I. E. Bondarenko and F.O.Shekhtel organized in Moscow the exhibition "Arts and Architecture of the New Style". However, the attempts were unsuccessful. In 1903, in sketches Fomina there has been a departure from modern To neoclassicism... In 1904, he appeared in the magazine "World of Art" with a program statement in defense of the Alexander Empire style... In 1908 Fomin became one of the participants in the work on the history of Russian art, headed by I. E. Grabar. In 1911 he organized the "Historical Exhibition of Architecture". In 1905 he returned to St. Petersburg to complete an academic course.

House on the Moika. St. Petersburg

In 1909, he submitted to the Academy of Arts competition a composition on the theme "Kurhaus on Mineralnye Vody" (workshop L. N. Benois) and received the title of artist-architect. He was awarded a retirement trip abroad, during which he performed a major series of etchings. In 1911-1913, according to projects Fomina The Polovtsev house on Kamenny Island and the house of Prince S. S. Abamelik-Lazarev (21 Moika River Embankment) were built in St. Petersburg. In the same years he designed Obolensky's house on Lake Saimaa and A.G. Gagarin's house on the Kholomka estate in the Pskov province.

House "Dynamo"

In 1912, according to projects Fomina monuments to Russian soldiers who died in 1812 were built - obelisks in Vitebsk and Borisov and a column in Volkovysk. On October 26, 1915, the Academic Assembly "for fame in the artistic field" elected I. A. Fomina academician of architecture. Lecturer at the Higher Women's Polytechnic Courses (in 1915 transformed into the Women's Polytechnic Institute, in 1918 - into the Second Petrograd Polytechnic Institute).
Under the direction of Fomina in the summer of 1920, work was carried out on the decorative design of Kamenny Island and a project for the planning and landscaping of the Field of Mars was created. In the same period Fomin took an active part in project work according to the layout of Petrograd.

NKPS building in Moscow

In the first Soviet decade Fomin Competitive designs for the building of the "Arkos" society in Moscow (1924), the House of Soviets in Bryansk (1924), and the Industrial Bank in Sverdlovsk (1925) were completed. According to his designs, the buildings of the Frunze Polytechnic Institute (the main building, the workers' faculty, the chemical and library buildings; 1927) and the scientific library in Ivanovo-Voznesensk, the Udarnik sanatorium in Zheleznovodsk (1928) and the House of the Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR in Kiev (1937) were built ). Since the mid 1920s, Fomin develops the architectural concept of the "proletarian classics".

Metro "Teatralnaya"

In 1929 I. A. Fomin moved from Leningrad to Moscow. Here, according to his designs, a department store and a residential building of the Dynamo society were built, overlooking Dzerzhinsky Street, Furkasovsky Lane and Malaya Lubyanka (1928, co-author A. Ya. Langman), a new building of the Moscow City Council building facing Stankevich Street (1928, co-author G. K. Oltarzhevsky), the building of the People's Commissariat of Railways at the Red Gate (1930). In 1933 Fomin receives an offer to lead the architectural and design workshop of the Moscow City Council No. 3. Late works Fomina performed jointly with the students - these are competitive projects of the theater in Ashgabat (1934), the building of the People's Commissariat for Heavy Industry on Red Square (1934), the town of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Moscow (1934, co-authors), the sanatorium of the Commission for Assistance to Scientists in Sochi (1935, co-author Polyakov L. M.)

Metro "Krasnye Vorota"

Laconic style Ivana Aleksandrovich a Fomina found its organic application in the classical decoration of massive pylons and arches of deep underground stations "Red Gate" (1934) and "Sverdlov Square" (1936, completed Polyakov L. M.). According to the project Fomina the building of the Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR was built in Kiev (1935, co-author P. Abrosimov.). The trunks of three-quarter columns of a large order, covering seven floors of this building, are processed with rusticated texture with a "fur coat" texture and are equipped with

Ivan Alexandrovich Fomin was born on January 22, 1872 in Orel in the family of a postal official. Four years later, the Fomin family moved to Riga, where Ivan graduated from high school by 1890. In the same year, he left for Moscow to enter the mathematics department of the university. Mathematics was easy for the young man, but he was more interested in architecture. In his third year, Ivan Fomin left the university and moved to St. Petersburg, where he applied to enter the Academy of Arts. From the first time he did not succeed in entering the Academy; poor training in drawing let down.

Over the next year, Ivan Fomin served his military service in the engineering troops and stubbornly engaged in drawing. In the summer of 1894, he nevertheless entered the architecture department of the Higher Art School, which had just been opened at the Academy of Arts. He failed to complete his five-year education. In 1897, due to student unrest, all students were expelled. It was possible to enter the Academy again only by submitting a special application. Ivan Fomin did not want to do this. He went abroad, where he spent a year in Paris, studying modern architectural projects... Carried him away new style"modern".

Returning to Russia, Ivan Fomin entered the Technical and Construction Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs as an assistant architect. The first place of work for him was Moscow, where Fomin worked as an assistant to the architect Shekhtel.

In 1905, Fomin came to St. Petersburg again and applied for admission to the Higher Art School. Having entered the school again, he began his studies in the workshop of L. N. Benois.

Fomin had to take exams in all the subjects he missed. It was not possible to do this quickly. The architect already had a family, and he was forced to take on any work. Ivan Fomin graduated from the Academy with honors and the right to travel abroad, but only in 1909.

In the summer of 1909, Ivan Fomin left St. Petersburg. He traveled through Odessa, Constantinople, Greece and then traveled for nine months in Italy and Egypt. In mid-1910, Fomin returned to Russia.

The first work of the architect was the house of Princess M. A. Shakhovskoy (27 Fontanka River Embankment). The architect built country houses for Prince Obolensky in Finland, for Prince Gagarin in the Pskov province. In 1911-1914, according to Fomin's design, his most significant buildings were built - the mansions of A.A. Polovtsev (on Kamenny Island) and S.S. Abamelek-Lazarev (23 Moika River Embankment).

Ivan Fomin worked a lot on interiors. Its customers were Senator D. B. Neidgart (Zakharievskaya St. 31), Count Vorontsov-Dashkov (Mokhovaya St. 10).

In 1911-1913, together with F.I. Lidval, Ivan Fomin was engaged in designing the development of the island of Golodai. It was planned to build the "New Petersburg" district here. According to the created project, only one building was completed - per. Kakhovsky, 2. The outbreak of the First World War prevented the implementation of this project.

In 1915, Ivan Alexandrovich Fomin became an academician of architecture. In 1918, the architect became a professor at one of the State Free Art and Training Workshops, which were created to replace the Academy of Arts. Fomin's workshop was located on the third floor of the Academy building.

According to Fomin's project, the territory of the Field of Mars was reconstructed in 1920. The architect created a parterre square on the former dusty military parade ground. In 1931 he began work in Moscow, and appeared less and less in Leningrad. After leaving the professors of the Academy of Arts, Fomin was engaged in construction only in Moscow.

Born into the family of a postal official. He graduated from the classical gymnasium in Riga and entered the Faculty of Mathematics at Moscow University, where he studied for three courses.

In 1894, Ivan Fomin entered the architectural faculty of the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg.

In 1897, due to student unrest, the leadership of the Academy announced that all students were expelled and demanded that everyone reapply for admission - Ivan Fomin left for France, where he studied architecture for a year. When he returned, he passed the examination for the right to construction work.

In 1898-1905 he began working in the firms of architects D.N. Kekushev and F.O. Shekhtel. During this period, Ivan Fomin took part in the implementation of the project of the Ryabushinsky mansion and designed the interiors of the Art Theater building.

In 1900, Ivan Fomin built the first mansion in Skatertny lane (no. 20) for the Moscow Trade Construction Joint Stock Company.

In 1902, Ivan Fomin, together with I.E. Bondarenko and F.O. Shekhtel was one of the organizers of the "New Style Architecture and Art Industry" exhibition in Moscow. Several interiors and dozens of items for this exhibition were made according to his projects. Later, in his work, he turned to classicism and "Moscow Empire". At this time, Ivan Fomin actively collaborated with the World of Art circle, where he formally joined in 1910.

In 1904 he wrote a programmatic article on the Alexander Empire for the magazine "World of Art".

In 1905, Ivan Fomin began to study at the Academy of Arts again, graduating in 1909 from the workshops of L.N. Benoit. For his graduation project on the theme "Kurhaus on Mineralnye Vody" he was awarded a pensioner's trip abroad, during which in 1909-1910 he specially studied the architecture of Egypt, Greece, Italy.

In 1911 Ivan Fomin took an active part in organizing the "Historical Exhibition of Architecture" in St. Petersburg.

On October 26, 1915, Ivan Fomin was awarded the title of Academician of Architecture for being famous in the artistic field. " During this period, he taught at the Higher Women's Polytechnic Courses, later transformed into the Women's Polytechnic Institute, in 1918 - at the Second Petrograd Polytechnic Institute.

In 1917, the architect Ivan Fomin joined the Commission of Artists - the "Gorky Commission", which directed the then artistic life of the country.

In 1918 - 1929 he taught at the Faculty of Architecture of the Petrograd State Free Art and Training Workshops - the Leningrad Higher Art and Technical Institute ( the former Academy arts).

In 1919 he headed the Architectural and Planning Workshop of the Council for the Settlement of the Plan of Petrograd and its outskirts under the Council of Communal Services of Petrograd. Under his leadership, a consistent program for the development of the city was created - he served as the chief architect until the mid-1920s. Ivan Fomin came out with the theory of the renovation of the classics, proposing "proletarian classics".

In 1928, according to the project of Ivan Fomin and his co-author A.A. Langman, a department store and a residential building of the "Dynamo" society were built. In the same year, in collaboration with G.K. Oltarzhevsky, architect Ivan Fomin built a new block of the Moscow City Council building on Stankevich Street.

In 1929 Ivan Fomin moved from Leningrad to Moscow.

In 1930, according to his project, the building of the People's Commissariat of Railways of the USSR was built at the Red Gate.

In 1933, Ivan Fomin headed the architectural and design workshop of the Moscow City Council No. 3.

In 1934 - 1935 Ivan Fomin designed and built the underground interiors of the Krasnye Vorota metro station.

In 1936 he began to design the metro station "Sverdlova Square", but the work was not completed by him - the project was completed by LM Polyakov.