The layout of the house is 9 by 10 with an attic. Basic rules and requirements for a house with a veranda. Hip-slope roofs of the attic floor of the house

Then we have a mixture of crushed stone and lime and, with the help of several people, beating repeatedly and at length with wooden spatulas to harden it, and will be at least three-quarters of a foot thick when it is finished, on this a core consisting of crushed tiles and ceramics and lime in the ratio of three parts to one, forming a layer of at least six inches. Above the core, the floor, whether it is made of sectional pavement or made of tiles, should be carefully laid out using a rule and a level.

In this way, an “empty gap” was created, communicating with an external boiler, which warmed the floor and the environment during the winter. Of course, they are not suitable for high floors. mounted on wheels. He was allowed to tie up for "water in agricultural crops, although they tend to use dug channels with basins and closed ones." The Romans' irrigation of the fields was learned from the Etruscans, who were masters of, in fact, they are often observed in Lazio. Tuscan Etruscan walls containing giant tuff blocks were restored in the Parisian Roman style walls, but the richest enjoyed their "special" villas in the aqueducts .

Fourteen aqueducts brought a billion liters of water per day to Urba, where there were 247 decanting tanks, grand spas, numerous decorative fountains and many private homes. The first aqueduct was made by Appio Claudio in 312. The engineers, when designing the installation and the path of the aqueduct, measured every ten meters the earth rose and fell, intercepting or lifting the pipes, which from the source in Rome had to have a "small and constant inclination, very few cm per km, which is still difficult to do today" .

The entrance was closed by a massive door. The tank inside is divided into three compartments: one for fountains, one for public buildings and one for private houses. In the event of a shortage of water, supplies to homes and resorts were automatically interrupted, and to public fountains. Agrippa also poured water from the aqueducts into the sewer system and made it so spacious that it could be floated. Poorer inmates, who did not have a tube, paid a very modest amount and used public toilets.

But “there was also” the use of overthrowing the camera pot from the window, even if strictly punished by law it is obscenity, and the streets were watching the day and vigilance, yesterday's city watchdogs. This huge sewer began at the base of the Esculino, entered the Roman Forum, approached the Campidoglio to collect its drains, and through the Forum Boario was thrown into the Tiber, where the outskirts of the ancient Ponte Emilio, or Broken Bridge, are still visible. It is noteworthy that the engineering work was first an uncovered channel and later covered with vaulted arches made of limestone blocks.

There were also public toilets, reserved for less affluent rooms, furnished with sophistication. There was a semicircle or rectangle around which water flowed into channels, in front of which were about twenty marble seats provided with openings on which, between two dolphin-shaped armrests, a tablet could be taken home. The room was warm and decorated with statues.

In houses and public buildings light was provided by light emanating from the open atrium ceiling and illuminating the adjacent rooms in reflection. Inside, torches and candles were used when the sun fell. The torches were made of fat and resin, and the spangles were sawn or wax, depending on the wealth of the house. Of course, they were wall-mounted, and the chandeliers were candles, bronze or terracotta.

Naturally, Domius had the best ones, i.e. transparent sheets for windows, talc, mica or glass, whichever was the most expensive. But even in public buildings, including baths. The poor could not afford this and used thin-gauge curtains that allowed them to peek a little into the flattery.

From the entrance to the gym, then to the locker room with the pool for a cold bath, then to the carpenter and finally to the boiler. For those who wanted it there was also a sauna, very hot and dry. During imperial times, the number of baths increased rapidly. Luxurious and popular as these baths were, they were soon supplanted in favor of government institutions called the Grander and with a more complex structure, which was destined to become a favorite embankment and place of entertainment par excellence for the Roman people. The success is due to many reasons: the grandeur, the remarkable functionality of the premises, the brilliance of the decorations and the exceptional amount of entertainment that they could offer.

The ever-increasing size allowed more and more clients to be accommodated: within six hundred years they could bathe in the thermal baths of Caracalla, three thousand from Diocletian. Among the facilities inside is a small stadium, a gymnasium, libraries, talks, literary or music halls, a theatre, various exhibitions, various shops and restaurants.

Like the arcades, the baths were the great museums of Rome during the Empire. The speed, however, was very low, the fourth axis for men, slightly higher for women, while the boys came free. Some emperors, however, made them free. The baths were the center of the Roman population until the fall of the Empire. Well, the Romans dealt with garbage.

Rome Tutt is now full, at least in the walls, of two lion heads that hold movable rings to hit a hemisphere inserted into the door, or heads of a silhouette or the head of an Egyptian woman, or a hand that holds a sphere, or a wolf's head, or just two movable rings . All the time we were even more confused: bear, bear, bull or demon, to avoid thieves and misfortunes. The door had a square atrium with an immuvium in the center, a basin for collecting rainwater coming from the opening of the cumpluvium roof. The atrium, the atrium, was painted in bright colors, illuminated by an opening in the roof.

Interestingly, from this discovery arose bites, like medieval ones, of terracotta in the form of even mythical animals, such as the heads of griffins or wolves, snakes, harps, etc. that spewed out "rainwater in" impluvium, marble dug from the ground, which transported the water to an underground cistern. There is a well, marble or stone nearby from which you can connect to this water for your home needs. In short, a water reserve and a small decorative pool, sometimes with mosaics at the bottom.

Sometimes the immuvium was tetrastylo, that is, with four columns to support the roof, but primarily decorative. A special type of tetrastyle was the so-called rhodium, where the colonnade on one side, most exposed to the sun, was higher than the other three, so that part of the house was always illuminated by the sun, even in winter. These columns were sometimes carved or fluted from a certain height or painted depending on the preciousness of the marble. Colored marble was, of course, not covered, but vulgar marble often does.

The roof was Roman, that is, with a cloak and ceiling and with a spike on the roof of the roof, all in clay, very similar to the Etruscans, from which they, of course, learned the art, but the Roman ones are less dense, because in general they used “refined and , therefore, a more compact clay." Of course, the cobblestones and cushions rested on a wooden roof with beams and piers. The Romans used, at least in villas, to suspend a wooden roof with painted wooden plates, usually with rosettes different types In short, it would be difficult to distinguish a Roman decorated ceiling from a medieval one because the coffered ceiling was of Roman origin.

For almost two millennia, wooden planks were left alone and largely untouched, under hardened layers of volcanic material. Now, after three years of hard work, archaeologists at Herculaneum have not only excavated and preserved the pieces, but they have reassembled them as they were originally, completing the first complete reconstruction of a Roman timber roof.

It is believed to have been built for Marcus Nonius Balbus, the Roman ruler of Crete and part of today's Libya, whose show tomb was found nearby. The most luxuriously decorated part of the great mansion was the three-story tower. Upstairs there was a dining room with flooring and colorful marble walls, a false ceiling and a roof terrace. It offered guests and owners a breathtaking view of the Bay of Naples. And now he's giving archaeologists one of their most exciting discoveries: a wooden roof. “This is not the first time that there have been pieces of roofs in the classical world,” Wallace-Hadrill said. "But it's incredibly rare."

However, his archaeologists discovered much more - about 250 pieces that they were able to collect. Around the atrium were open bedrooms, closets, frescoes, but no windows, and then stairs from the atrium to the upper floors, servitude or other women of the family. There was a lararium, a temple decorated with paintings or mosaics, with statues of Lari and Penati, and sometimes other gods. The figurines were in marble, bronze, terracotta or wax. Here the pater's surnames are because only for him are they offered every day, which may, as a rule, be wine or honey, or a cake, and perhaps even flower petals, then burns the incense, muttering a short invocation.

Afterwards the slave cleans it all, because the operation will be repeated every day. Having passed through the imluvium bath, he reached front door, usually in a bellows, and the Romans invented bellows doors, often covered with luxurious curtains, damask, silk or wool. talinium, how to say master's research, where he received clients, clients or business. The tablinia contained a large table made of wood or stone, worked or swiveled with a domino chair and stools for negotiation guests.

In addition to this room, even separated from the tent with or without a door, at the back of the house, "open" was the garden, garden and home garden. It was surrounded by a walled colonnade with frescoes on the walls and was lush with trees and plants. the plants were rosemary, boxwood, laurel, myrtle, wild fennel, oleander, acanthus, sage and ivy, not random but reserved for evergreen and deciduous areas, some dedicated to seasonal gardens.