A collection of misconceptions: A spacecraft re-entering the atmosphere heats up from friction with the air. When heated, air expands, when cooled, it contracts Air particles when heated diagram

Goals:

introduce the composition and properties of air, introduce the concept of "atmosphere";
consolidate ideas about gaseous substances;
to form the ability to formulate problematic questions;
to cultivate a culture of communication, the ability to work in groups;

Lesson type: learning new material.

TCO: projector, screen, computer.

Equipment:

equipment for experiments;
presentation (Annex 1);
textbook A.A. Pleshakova "The World Around Us", 3rd grade, part 1;
workbook A.A. Pleshakov on the world around 1 part;
plastic bags, syringes

During the classes

I. Organizational moment. Repetition of the material covered

– Good afternoon my nature lovers. Today we will continue with you to learn the mysteries of our surrounding world. The topic of the lesson, we will determine by guessing the crossword puzzle. (slide 1)

Substance Science (Chemistry)
It can be used to detect starch (iodine)
Citric, formic, oxalic, lactic ... (acid)
Acid used to make canned food (vinegar)
A vegetable from which sugar is obtained (beets)
A type of sugar (glucose)

II. Lesson topic message

(slide 2) Theme of the lesson "Air and its protection"

(slide 3) What do you know about air?

- What do you want to know?

III. Work on the topic of the lesson

1. What is air.

Air is "invisible". We do not see it, but we know that it is all around us. We can see the movement of air when we blow soap bubbles, or fan ourselves with a fan. We can easily verify the reality of the existence of air by doing simple experiments:

Fill a plastic bag with air, tie it up, and try to squeeze it gently.
- Does it compress easily?

Fill a small syringe without a needle with air. Pinch the inlet with your finger. Try moving the piston.
Can you compress air?
What happens when you release your finger?

(slide 4) The entire planet Earth is shrouded in an invisible transparent veil - air. Air is everywhere - on the street, in the room, in the ground, in the water. Any free space on Earth is filled with air. Air is invisible, but it can be detected with our senses, as we have just done.

Wind is the movement of air. The layer of air that surrounds us and our planet is called atmosphere. (slide 5). The atmosphere is a giant shell of air that stretches upwards for hundreds of kilometers. The thickness of the atmosphere in different parts of the planet is not the same.

The air envelope of the Earth is often called the Fifth Ocean. Does the Earth really need a Fifth Ocean?

- People, plants and animals live at the bottom of the air ocean. Without air, emptiness and silence would reign eternally on the globe. If the Earth were to lose air, it would, like the Moon, be only a lifeless celestial body.

(student reading the poem "Air")

Air
He is a transparent invisible
Light and colorless gas.
Weightless scarf
He envelops us.
He is in the forest - thick, fragrant,
Like a healing potion
It smells of resinous freshness,
Smells like oak and pine.
In summer it is warm
Blows cold in winter
When frost paints glass
And lies on them with a border.
We don't notice it
We don't talk about him.
We just breathe it in
After all, we need it.

This poem talks about the composition of air and some of its properties.

2. Composition and properties of air

– So what is air? It is a gas, or rather, a mixture of gases (slide 6). Just 2 centuries ago, scientists learned that air is a mixture of many gases, mainly nitrogen - 78%, oxygen - 21% and carbon dioxide - 1%.

– Open workbook p.18 and restore the diagram (slide 7), writing down what gaseous substances are part of the air? Underline the name of the gas that living beings absorb when they breathe.

What are the properties of air? (slide 8)

We know that air is everywhere - on the street, in the room, in the ground, in the water.
- Raise the notebook, do you see other objects through it?
- Not.
Can we see the next class through the wall?
- Not.
- Do you see the objects that are in the classroom?
- Yes.
What property of air is this talking about?
The air is transparent. This is evidenced by the fact that we see through it all the surrounding objects.

- Look at indoor plants. What color are they?
- Green.
What color is the school desk?
- Brown.
- What color is the air?
- He colorless.
– That's right, this is another physical property of air.

Have you noticed that different rooms smell differently?
- In the canteen, hairdresser, pharmacy, particles of odorous substances mix with air particles, and we feel different smells. Does clean air smell?
- Clean air does not smell.
The air is odorless.

Now we will do an experiment to find out one more property of air. To verify this, you can do experiments:
Experience 1
– Take a flask with a tube. Let's put the pipe in the water. Note that water does not enter the tube - it is "not allowed" by air. Let's heat the flask.
What's happening?
- Air bubbles began to come out of the tube.
Why did this become possible?
This experiment shows that air expands when heated.
Experience 2
-Put a cold damp cloth on the flask. Why am I doing this? What do we see?
We see water rising up the tube. Air, as it were, gives way to water part of its place. This is because the air contracts as it cools.

Air expands when heated and contracts when cooled.
Air is a poor conductor of heat.
Air has another interesting property - it is a poor conductor of heat. Many plants wintering under snow do not freeze because there is a lot of air between the cold particles of snow, and the snowdrift resembles a warm blanket covering the stems and roots of plants.

- In autumn, the squirrel, hare, wolf, fox and other animals molt. Winter fur is thicker and more luxuriant than summer fur. More air is trapped between thick hairs, and animals in a snowy forest are not afraid of frost.

- The gray wolf has a large, fluffy tail. When the animal goes to bed right on the snow, he covers his nose and paws with his magnificent tail.

- And the fox in the most severe frosts is not cold in a snowy bed, because it takes cover, like a warm blanket, with its tail, between the long hairs of which there is a lot of air that does not let the cold through.

- And in winter, thick, thick hair grows on the paws of a red-haired beauty, it seems as if the fox put on warm mittens. She is not afraid to walk on snow and ice.

– Vole mice hide in burrows under high snowdrifts, where it is warm and cozy.

- And some birds - black grouse, capercaillie - in the most severe frosts burrow into deep snow. So warmer. There is even a poem about it:

January is blowing cold
Hazel grouse, black grouse, capercaillie
Buried deep in the snow.
He warms them like fur.

What property of air explains these facts? (air is a poor conductor of heat)

Physical education minute

We'll get some rest
Let's get up and take a deep breath.
Hands to the sides, forward.
At the edge of the bunny is waiting.
Bunny jumped under a bush,
Inviting us into your home.
Hands down, on the belt, up,
We run away from everyone.
Let's run to class.
Let's listen to the story.

Questions Why?(slide 9)

Why do birds sit ruffled in extreme cold?
Why are double-glazed windows installed in houses for the winter?
How do you understand the expression: “The air must be clean!”

The air should contain more oxygen and less carbon dioxide. When we breathe, we take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. 600 liters of oxygen is necessary for a person to breathe for only one day! Plants, on the other hand, take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen into the atmosphere. No wonder plants are called the lungs of our planet. What wonderful air in the forest! It contains a lot of oxygen and nutrients. After all, trees emit special volatile substances - phytoncides, which kill bacteria. The resinous smells of spruce and pine, the aroma of oak, birch and larch are very useful for humans.

But in cities, the air is completely different, polluted. Can you explain to me with what or with whom this is connected?

Sources of pollution: (slide 10)

factories and factories emit poisonous gases, soot, dust,
cars emit exhaust gases, which contain a lot of harmful substances,
fires, volcanic eruptions,
pollution of the earth with unprocessed garbage.

Air pollution threatens human health, all life on Earth!

What should people do to keep the air clean? Using the text of the textbook on p.47, find ways to solve this problem. (slide 11)

IV. Consolidation of the studied material

Air test. His guard"(slide 13,14)

What substances are in the air?
A. hydrogen, copper, zinc
B. oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide
B. chlorine, fluorine, iodine
What air gas is needed for breathing?
A. nitrogen
B. oxygen
B. carbon dioxide
What properties does air have?
A. Clear, colorless, odorless, when heated expands and contracts when cooled conducts heat
B. Blue, like the sky, conducts sounds, passes the sun's rays, has no smell
Windows are double-glazed to keep warm. What property is being used?
A. Air expands when heated
B. Air compresses when cooled
B. Air does not conduct heat well
How should the air be protected from pollution?
A. Stop all factories and factories, stop logging. Prohibit the use of vehicles. Turn the Earth into one huge nature reserve.
B. Factories and factories should have traps for dust and harmful substances. Transport must be made environmentally friendly. In cities and around them to create belts of gardens, parks and forests.

Answer:(slide 15,16)1. C, 2. C, 3. A, 4. C, 5. B

He is a transparent invisible
Light and colorless gas.
Weightless scarf
He envelops us.
We don't notice it
We don't talk about him.
We just breathe it in
After all, we need it.

(slide 18) For the health of people, all life on Earth, we need clean air. After all, only clean air gives LIFE!

(slide 19)Homework: pp. 44-47, read, answer questions, workbook p. 20 No. 5.

1. On your own or with the help of a textbook, sign on the diagram which gaseous substances are part of the air.

Mark with pencils of different colors (of your choice) which gas living creatures absorb and emit when breathing.
Decipher the conventions you used:

2. According to the results of the research, fill in the table.

3. Use a schematic drawing to depict how air particles are arranged during heating and cooling. (Indicate air particles with circles.)

Wise Turtle and complete her tasks.

Air is the protector of the living

Herbaceous plants wintering under the snow do not freeze because there is a lot of air in it. Thanks to the air, cold snow serves as a warm “blanket” for plants.
By winter, the fur of animals becomes thicker, and that of birds - feathers. Between thick hairs, feathers linger more air, and the animal is warmer in winter.

1) These facts are explained by another property of the air, which we have not talked about yet. Think about what this property is. air is a poor conductor of heat.
2) Give an example proving that this property of air is important not only for plants and animals, but also for humans - there is air between the body and clothing of a person and in the clothing itself, so clothing retains the heat of our body

test yourself.

5. Think up and draw on a separate sheet the poster "Take care of the air!".
Look what your friends have drawn. If you have ideas how you can help protect the air, discuss them and do it.

6. On the instructions of the textbook, find out and write down what is being done in your city to protect the air.

In our city, to protect the air at enterprises, filters are installed on pipes, trees are planted in parks and forests. Also, new traffic interchanges are being built in the city to eliminate traffic jams.

1. On your own or with the help of a textbook, sign on the diagram which gaseous substances are part of the air.

Mark with pencils of different colors (of your choice) which gas living creatures absorb and emit when breathing.
Decipher the conventions you used:

2. According to the results of the research, fill in the table.

3. Use a schematic drawing to depict how air particles are arranged during heating and cooling. (Indicate air particles with circles.)

Wise Turtle and complete her tasks.

Air is the protector of the living

test yourself.

5. Think up and draw on a separate sheet the poster "Take care of the air!".
Look what your friends have drawn. If you have ideas how you can help protect the air, discuss them and do it.

6. On the instructions of the textbook, find out and write down what is being done in your city to protect the air.

LESSON SUMMARY OF THE WORLD

FOR 3 CLASS.

EMC "School of Russia"

Topic: Air and its protection.

The purpose of the lesson:

Introduce students to the composition and properties of air.

Tasks:

- educational:

to form knowledge about the importance of air for all living things on

Earth;

in the process of experiments and practical work to form knowledge

about the basic properties of air;

to develop practical skills in working with laboratory

equipment, experiment, conduct observations;

analyze, generalize and draw conclusions based on the results of observations

denium;

learn to work with a hypothesis (assumption throughactive method

and practical approach).

Developing:

create conditions for the personal development of the student; revitalization

independent activity and work in a group; development way-

constructive creativity, observation, the ability to compare

nitrate and draw conclusions;

- educational:

create conditions for fostering respect for the environment

environment;

create conditions for the education of a communicative culture, skills

work in groups, listen to and respect the opinions of others;

feelings of mutual help and support.

Equipment: for students: textbook "The World around Grade 3" A.A. Ple-

Shakova; workbook; magnifying glass, tree leaf

at the teacher: textbook, workbook, presentation, electronic supplement to

textbook; plastic bag, laboratory equipment: flask, spirit lamp,

cloth for experience, magnifier, leaf of a tree, computer, presentation, multimedia-

projector, screen.

DURING THE CLASSES.

I. Organizational moment (2 min)

Check fit and readiness for the lesson.

Today in the lesson you will work in groups. What rules of work in a group should be remembered and observed?

(Work to the best of your ability; listen to everyone

one member of the group attentively, without interrupting;

speak clearly and to the point; support comrades;

if you disagree with someone, say so politely,

choose the captain who can choose

the best solution together with everyone; remember: speak-

to sing on behalf of the group honorably)

II. Knowledge update. Checking homework. (4 min)

Target: consolidation of knowledge gained in previous lessons

( Presentation ):

Stage summary.

III. Self-determination to activity. (1 minute)

Guess the riddle:

Passes through the nose to the chest

And the reverse is on its way.

He's invisible, but still

We cannot live without it.

(Air)

How did you guess?

(We breathe air, we cannot live without it,

but we don't see it)

What do you think the lesson will be about today?

(About air, its composition and properties)

IV. Work on the topic of the lesson (20 min)

Conversation

There are 5 oceans on our planet. What are their names?

(Arctic, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Southern)- There is another very important ocean in the world - the largest, and every day, every hour, every minute, without noticing it, we "bath" in it. What is the name of this ocean? (Air)

The air ocean has its own scientific name. Learn more about this from our students...

Student performance . Prepared students make a message.

Target: work with educational, popular science texts accessible to perception by younger students, correct and conscious reading aloud. Construction of a monologue statement on the proposed topic, on the given question .

The layer of air that surrounds our planet is called the atmosphere.

The atmosphere is a giant shell of air that extends upwards for hundreds of kilometers. The thickness of the atmosphere in different parts of the planet is not the same.

The atmosphere protects the earth from excess heat and cold, from excessive solar radiation. If it suddenly disappeared, then the water and other liquids on Earth would instantly boil, and the rays of the sun would burn all life.

The ocean of air - the atmosphere - is very important for life.

Can living beings do without air? (Not)

Why? (You can choke and die)

Indeed, if you take a deep breath, close your mouth, nose with your palm and count to yourself: one, two, three ... We won’t have time to count up to 60, as we really want to take a breath of fresh air.

When a person descends under water, climbs high into the mountains or flies into space, he should always have a supply of air with him.

If the air ocean suddenly disappeared, then our planet would become a lifeless planet in a few minutes.

Why is the air ocean so important? (children's answers)

The air shell of the Earth is its amazing "shirt". Thanks to her, the planet does not overheat from the sun's rays, does not get cold from the cosmic cold. This "shirt" protects the Earth from impacts of meteorites. They just burn up in the air. So the air "shirt" of the Earth is simply necessary, and only thanks to it on Earth, the only planet in the solar system, there is intelligent life.

Can you be sure that air exists? What do you think?

(children's answers)

It is very easy to verify that air really exists. Try to wave your hand. What do you feel?

(Air movement)

I have an empty plastic bag in my hands. I'll wave them and pinch the ends. Why did the package inflate and become elastic?

(there is air)

What is the importance of air for humans, plants and animals?

(Air is necessary for breathing, protects the Earth from

overheating and cooling, from meteorites, from

harmful sunlight).

Well done!

Physical education minute. (1 min)

We'll get some rest
Let's get up, take a deep breath.
Hands to the sides, forward.
At the edge of the bunny is waiting.
Bunny jumped under a bush,
Inviting us into your home.
Hands down, on the belt, up,
We run away from everyone.
(Running in place.)
Let's run to class
Let's listen to the story.

Landing check.

Practical work "composition and properties of air". Work in a notebook (pp. 27-29)

Target: to teach children to observe, hypothesize, analyze and draw conclusions based on practical actions.

Read the poem. What can you learn from it about air?

(Air is a mixture of gases)

Open your textbook to page 46. Look at the Composition of Air diagram.

What gases are in air?

(Oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide)

What gas is in the air the most? (Nitrogen)

What gas is the least in the air? (Carbon dioxide).

What is the composition of the air, people learned only 200 years ago. Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier were the first to study the composition of air and its properties.

When breathing, living things take in oxygen from the air and release carbon dioxide.

Pair work

Cover your textbooks.

Open notebooks on page 27, do task number 1 on your own.

(On your own or with the help of a textbook sign on

scheme, which gaseous substances are part of the air

spirit. Mark with pencils of different colors (in your own way)

boron), which gas living beings absorb when breathing,

and which one is singled out. Decipher the used by you us-

catch marks).

Exchange notebooks and check each other's work. Make a conclusion, evaluate the work.

Return notebooks to each other. Check yourself in the textbook. Correct the mistakes. Rate your work. Select the desired icon:

Outcome . - Who completed the task without errors?

Well done.

Who experienced difficulties during the task?

Correct the mistakes and be more attentive in the lesson.

Guys, what properties does air have?

(The air is elastic, ... (children's assumptions)

Let's do some experiments and see if you're right.

During practical work, we will perform task number 2 in the notebook.

Look at the table and say, what questions should we answer as a result of our observations?

(Fill in the table according to the results of the research.

Air properties

What are we studying

Output

Is air transparent or opaque?

Does air have color?

Does the air have an odor?

What happens to air when it is heated?

What happens to air when it cools?

- How do you think how to answer the first question? (children's answers)

What will help us to prove it? (children's hypotheses).

- Guys, take a textbook, tell me, is it transparent?

Look at the door, is it transparent? Are others visible through these objects?

And why do we see a door, a textbook, a blackboard, a school desk? Discuss and share your thoughts.

( Air is transparent

- Record the output in a table. (The air is transparent)

What's the next question? (Does air have color?)

How can you answer this question? How to prove it?

(Children's statements)

(If the children find it difficult, the teacher prompts them)

- What color is the board? (Green)

What color is the wardrobe? (Brown)

What color is the chalk? (White)

What color is the air? (Has no color )

Record the output in a table. (Air has no color).

Read the third question.

(Does the air smell?)

What can you guess? What evidence can we use?

(Children's statements)

(If the children find it difficult, the teacher prompts them)

Guys, raise your hand, which one of you wasin a hairdressing salon, in a dining room, in a polyclinic? Imagine that you are asked to find out where you are with your eyes closed? Is it possible? How? Discuss and share your thoughts.

( You can determine where we can be by smell. We know that odor particles mix with air particles. This is how we smell. But clean air has no smell.)

Record the output in a table. (The air has no smell)

- WhatWhat happens to air when it is heated and cooled? We learn this through experiments.

Experience number 1.

Target: find out what happens to air when it is heated.

Let's take a flask with a tube. Let's put the pipe in the water. What are we seeing?

(Water does not enter the tube - air does not let it in).

Let's heat the flask. What is happening now?

(Air bubbles began to come out of the tube).

( Air expands when heated ) - entry in a notebook).

Experience number 2.

Target: find out what happens to the air when it cools.

Put a cold damp cloth on the flask. What are we seeing?

(Water rises in the tube. The air, as it were, gives way

water part of your place)

What conclusion can be drawn from the observations?

( Air compresses when cooled notebook entry)

Air has another interesting property. In order to find out, we will complete task No. 4 on page 28 in the workbook.

Read the story of the Wise Turtle and complete her tasks.

(One of the students reads the story aloud)

Think about what property of air is described in the story?

(Children's guesses)

Let's check ourselves. Read the text in the Test Yourself section.

Well done!

So what are the properties of air?

(The air is transparent, colorless, odorless, when

expands when heated, contracts when cooled

flexible, poor conductor of heat

Well done!

V. Physical education (1 min)

To become strong and dexterous

Let's start training.

Inhale through the nose, and exhale through the mouth.

Breathe deeper and then

Step in place, slowly

How good the weather is!

We checked your posture

And brought the shoulder blades together.

We walk on socks

And now, on the heels.

Landing check.

VI. Consolidation of the studied material. Work in a notebook (5 min)

Target: consolidate the acquired knowledge

Read task number 3 on page 28 in your notebook.

(Depict using a schematic drawing how the

rely on air particles when heated and cooled)

What properties of air must be taken into account in order to correctly complete the task?

(When heated, the air expands, and when cooled,

Denia shrinks)

How do you explain that air expands when heated? What happens to the particles that make it up?

(The particles begin to move faster, and the intermediate

ki between them increase)

Draw in the first rectangle how the air particles are arranged when heated.

How can you explain why air compresses when it cools? What happens to the particles that make it up?

(Particles begin to move more slowly, inter-

creepiness between them diminishes)

Draw in the second rectangle how the air particles are arranged when cooled.

(After completing the task, a self-test is carried out on the slide:

VII. Reflection (4 min)

Group work

Read the second task on p.48. Execute it.

(Read the text “The air must be clean.” Find information in it: About the sources of air pollution; about ways to protect the purity of the air.)

What pollutes the air?

(Plants and factories, cars)

What air protection methods do you know?

(Installations for catching soot, dust,

poisonous gases, electric vehicles)

Conversation (5 min)

There is a factory in the city. Clouds of smoke poured from its chimney day and night. Residents of the city coughed, sneezed, some were even put in the hospital. They even wanted to close the factory, but how to do without goods?

One day, smoke stopped pouring out of the factory chimney. It soon became clear that smoke detectors were attached to the pipe, which did not allow soot particles to fly out of the pipe.

And here's what's interesting. Soot is now carefully collected and sent to a plastics factory, where they make various plastic things.

In a word, the benefits of a smoke detector are for everyone - both the residents of the city, and the factory (it sells soot), and plastics manufacturers.

List ways to keep the air clean.

(Air purification units, electric vehicles)

Can you somehow influence the purity of the air?

(You can plant plants, they purify the air)

Why do plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen?

(Children's guesses)

Let's take a closer look at the leaf of the tree. The lower surface of the sheet is covered with a transparent film and dotted with small holes. They are called "stomata". They open and close to collect carbon dioxide. In the light of the sun, sugar, starch and oxygen are formed from the water that rises from the roots along the stems of plants and carbon dioxide in green leaves. Therefore, plants are called the "lungs of the planet."

VIII. Summing up the lesson. (2 minutes)

What is air? (Mixture of gases - nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide)

Name the properties of air.

(Air is transparent, colorless, odorless, resilient,

expands when heated, contracts when cooled

conducts heat poorly)

What new did you learn in the lesson?

IX. Homework (1 min)

Workbook: No. 5 (p. 29)

Air and its protection

Air is a mixture of gases. The composition of air includes: oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide. Most of the air is nitrogen.

Air properties

1. Air is transparent
2. Air is colorless
3. Clean air is odorless

What happens to air when it is heated and cooled?
When heated, air expands.
As it cools, air contracts.

Why does air expand when heated and contract when cooled?
Air is made up of particles with gaps between them. Particles are constantly moving, often colliding. As the air heats up, they move faster, collide harder. Because of this, they bounce a greater distance from each other. The gaps between them increase, and the air expands. When the air is cooled, the opposite happens.

Guess a riddle.
Passes through the nose to the chest
And the reverse is on its way.
He is invisible and yet
We cannot live without it.
Answer: Air

Write down the answer. What are we breathing?
Answer: We breathe air

Consider the drawings. Where will the air be the cleanest? Fill in the circle below this picture.

Write down the properties of clean air.
The air is transparent, it has no color, no smell.

The air can warm you.
Clothing keeps you warm not by itself, but because it prevents your body from losing heat. Clothing is a good air trap. Your body heat cannot penetrate the trapped one, as it is an insulator. Tight winter clothing also traps a lot of air. Woolen clothing is very warm because a lot of air is trapped between the hairs. Birds try to feather up in winter to take in as much air as possible between their feathers. The air between the double panes also serves as thermal insulation. Snow is a good insulator because it traps air. Travelers, caught in a blizzard, dig shelters in the snow to keep warm.

Answer the questions.
What is between the glass windows? Answer: Air
Under which snow are plants warmer: fluffy or trampled down? Answer: Plants are warmer under fluffy snow.

Humans and other living beings need clean air to breathe. But in many places, especially in big cities, it is polluted. Some factories and plants emit poisonous gases, soot, and dust from their pipes. Cars emit exhaust gases, which contain a lot of harmful substances.
Air pollution threatens human health, all life on Earth!
Now in many industries have established control over the level of toxic substances. Thanks to these measures, the air remains sufficiently clean and safe for life. Today factories are being built as far away from the city as possible. Scientists help industrialists find solutions to the problem of air pollution. For example, they developed an exhaust pipe for cars that effectively filters exhaust gases. Created new cars - electric cars that will not pollute the air.
Special stations have been set up in different places, they monitor the purity of the air in large cities, measuring the purity of the air daily, they provide information and control the situation.