Represents logistics. A logistics company is an enterprise that provides services for the transportation, handling and storage of goods. Rating of Russian logistics companies. Transport logistics

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Today we propose to talk about logistics. The word that is often encountered, which has already become common, nevertheless sometimes baffles, especially people who first met with the peculiarities of the work of logistics companies.

Trucking required any production or trading company, and most of these companies!

Solving economic tasks for organizing storage, transportation, and most importantly optimization and competent construction of business processes for the movement of the resource base, teach in modern universities. This subject is called "logistics".

In this article, we will briefly provide information:

• on the target orientation and tasks of transport-forwarding and warehouse activities;
• about its types and features;
• on the principles of choosing a transport company;
• about the specific features of work in the field of resource transfer and storage in Russia and the essence of the logistics profession.

The information will be useful for beginners in this field to start optimizing the transport procedure, organizing control functions for the movement and use of resources within the enterprise. This is done, for example, using the system interaction between suppliers and consumers (dropshipping platforms), and will also help in choosing a long-term partner for transport operations.

The essence of operations on the organization of effective modeling, rationalization of the system of transfer of material resources, service or information from market participants and control over its effectiveness. Thus, this is a functional for managing the movement of goods (services). The main goal is to reduce costs (costs) for the implementation of this process.

The structure and tasks of operations to manage the movement of goods:

• consumer management actions to minimize their own costs;
• management actions of the manufacturer in order to increase the profit from supplies.

The main elements of this science are:

• preliminary execution of a supply contract;
• management schemes for the movement and storage of stocks (at the supplier and consumer);
• formation of a product delivery scheme;
• organization of effective relationships with customs authorities;
• demand analysis;
• and other.

As you can see from the structure of the elements, some tasks are related to the field of marketing and other specialized sciences. Thus, we can say that logistics is a collection of all scientifically grounded points necessary to organize the sale / purchase of goods, that is, performance improvement system science the commercial work of the enterprise (since it refers to the interaction of organizations, not individuals).

The scientific field of "logistics" is associated with the need to solve difficulties in the delivery of goods from one enterprise to another.

In the absence of a department, or a position of a logistician in companies, it is possible to receive services for the organization of all transport processes in specialized companies - logistics partners, for the implementation of transport-forwarding and warehouse functions.

"Logistics" received scientific development during the period of its existence pre-industrial (agrarian) society... At that time, trade between states was already incipient. Its participants tried to minimize their costs for the transportation of resources.

Currently, this science and model of effective processes has reached a new, rather high level. Has become necessary! This is due to the fact that delivery costs are one of the largest items in the formation of the intrinsic value (prime cost) of goods.

Details about the functions, tasks and goals of organizing logistics

The subject of the science of "logistics" is the state and movement of the resource base (finance, information, materials) at all levels of logistics operations in the system of enterprise functioning and their optimization.

Thus, the purpose of organizing transport and warehouse processes is to reduce their costs as much as possible.

The following are highlighted tasks of the implementation of transport and storage works:

• rationalization of commodity flows;
• systemic development of the process of managing the movement of resources (financial, commodity, information);
• analysis and forecasting of demand for resources.

According to the tasks set, this subject, as a set of many sciences, contains the following conceptual apparatus:

• Operation(in logistics) - actions to change flows (materials, goods, information, finance).
• System(in logistics) - the systematic organization of work on the planning and implementation of operations for transport and storage activities.

Systemically, these processes are divided into:

• Direct(a clear systemic relationship between its two participants).
• Including intermediaries(presence of at least one intermediary).
• Material resource flow(material flow) - an object of logistics management, measured by characteristics (weight, size, time).

Thus, the functions of the activities of logistics are its elements, which have as their goal - increasing the significance of the results of this activity.

Among them stand out:

• transportation;
• storage;
• purchase;
• formation of reserves.

The costs of logistics operations - the costs of carrying out logistics activities. They can be included as part of the marketing costs of products, or be components of its cost.

In fact, the effective implementation of the production, transport and warehouse function is to ensure the optimal balance of interests of its participants, to ensure the effectiveness of the process, its positive impact on the profitability of the activity.

The table below analyzes the relationship between the assessment of the efficiency of the company's logistics activities with the volume of available stocks.

№	Indicators	Large amount of stock	Low inventory
1	Logistics costs	Bad influence	Positive influence
2	Formation and use of working capital	Bad influence	Positive influence
3	Dependence on the level of demand	Positive influence	Bad influence
4	Risks of breach of contracts	Positive influence	Bad influence
5	Control	Positive influence	Bad influence
6	Dependence on the assortment of needs	Bad influence	Positive influence

According to the data in the table, the relationship between the amount of materials used and the ratio of revenue and net profit from the sale of logistics is strong.

Basic logistics operations (7 popular types)

The components of the management system of transport and warehouse operations are determined by the following elements that ensure the achievement of the optimal result of the system. Let's present the most popular ones:

Transport cargo transportation of goods and cargo

The tasks of this type include:

• determination of the most rational (in terms of price and speed) route;
• type of transport;
• Delivery terms.

Customs clearance for the movement of goods across the border

Control functions over the movement of goods across state borders - customs logistics... Everything here is based on the solution of the following tasks:

• implementation of the carriage of goods;
• certification of imported products;
• customs document flow;
• assessment of compliance with the required characteristics for the goods;
• monitoring the movement of goods;
• determination of compliance with international law.

When performing tasks, it is necessary to ensure strict compliance with legal acts.

Production logistics

The movement of resources in the process of production, processing and disposal of products requires the implementation of control over each process, which pursues the goal of optimizing the movement of the resource base.

Her tasks in production activities, consist of:

• development, establishment of schedules of industrial work performed;
• correlations in terms of production time and production volumes;
• planning the production process in relation to the volume of demand;
• monitoring and responding to possible disruptions in production activities, adjusting the timing and tasks.

Inventory Management

The main thing is the uninterrupted supply of raw materials and other resources necessary for the production, as well as their storage.

Supply logistics

Control over the movement of the resource base - the supply of material resources and their storage and processing prior to launching into production.

The justification for the need for this process is based on the following facts:

• Disharmonious work of the procurement process has a negative impact on production volumes, as well as quality, quantity, packaging, assortment of goods.
• Production cost, in its general part, is formed in the supply process.
• Obligation to work on the supply of the enterprise, including movement and storage, raw materials and other necessary resources for production activities, necessitates constant monitoring and assessment of the profitability of independent production of raw materials or their purchase.

Information logistics

The flows of data about the commodity, raw materials, their movement, is a necessary complement to the movement of the material flow. They are divided into:

• in relation to the activities of the organization - internal and external document flow;
• in relation to the organizational levels of the enterprise - the movement of documents horizontally and vertically between levels.

The information function is based on organizational document flow- organizational orders.

If the flows (material and informational) do not coincide in terms and completeness, then difficulties arise in taking them into account. For example, if the flow of information about the movement of goods comes with a significant delay, after the delivery of materials. This would constitute a significant disruption to the business system.

Warehouse Logistics

Its essence is based on control operations for the warehouse, storage system, reception and delivery of resources. Warehouse management is:

• determination of the effective location of warehouses;
• organization of warehouse accounting, which has a significant impact on the legality of accounting and the formation of the cost of goods.

Logistics / Flows diagram

TOP-8 criteria for choosing a logistics partner

A distinctive feature of the Russian logistics market is the absence of monopolies, but at the same time a high level of competition. Although the quality of service itself is poor.

Some criteria have been developed that should be used when choosing a partner in any region:

1 criterion... Ensuring the availability of our own vehicle fleet, which indicates an adequate cost of operations. Also, the source of the vehicle fleet, leasing, credit or full-fledged purchase, also affects the cost of the freight service.

2 criterion. The contract with the company must contain a description of the guarantees for the implementation of cargo transportation by time (exact delivery time) and the conditions for their receipt.

3 criterion. Estimate the cost of services in the context of competitors. Not all company vehicles incur the same cost.

An example is the possibility of groupage cargo, wholesale purchase of fuel for cars, their servicing.

4 criterion. An important element of the contract is insurance of cargo, damage during transportation, etc.

5 criterion. A similar cost estimate for all indicators among competitors.

6 criterion. The ability to fulfill non-standard orders - the provision of alternative transport, albeit with a higher tariff.

7 criterion. Reviews about the company posted on the Internet will give grounds for a clear assessment of its activities.

8 criterion. Provision of additional services (customs broker, paperwork, etc.). This will serve as an indicator of the quality and seriousness of the logistics partner's activities.

Problematic places and peculiarities of logistics in Russia

Climatic conditions, length of roads, road surfaces, as well as technical characteristics of transport.

High rate of transportation costs in Russia, 20% of GDP, is associated with the specifics of international activities, territorial dimensions and large supplies of raw materials abroad.

Available problems in the implementation of activities in Russia:

• prices for warehouse storage and operations for loading and unloading goods;
• many costs are not clear;
• non-fulfillment of clauses of agreements;
• low efficiency of sales planning and volatility of the market situation;
• low level of development of transport infrastructure, which reduces the efficiency of freight traffic up to 4% every year;
• limited number of suppliers of raw materials and other resources;
• low professionalism of logistics;
• climatic difficult conditions in many regions.

The decline in the profitability of some economic sectors in Russia is due to the crisis factors. Although "survivability" in such conditions is possessed by organizations with a high level of competitiveness, which provide a high level of service.

Overview of TOP 5 Russian logistics partners

At the moment, there are many private and large cargo carriers on the Russian market. They provide a wide range of services provided, as well as on a large territorial length of roads.

Transport and logistics partner - Business Lines

It has existed on the Russian market since 2001 and provides a wide range of the following operations:

• all types of cargo transportation, except for water transport;
• cargo transportation by separate transport;
• a wide branch network of offices and points of reception and delivery, both in Russia and in the Belarusian and Kazakhstan republics;
• services for the transportation of various types of cargo;
• high speed of delivery of goods;
• compliance with temperature requirements for cargo transportation;
• cargo tracking system.

High quality service, provision of guaranteed results and insurance of the cargo and the transportation process, allows the company's clients to remain calm and confident in the quality of service.

Forwarding and logistics company - PEK

Present on the Russian market as well as the previous one , since 2001, this company is already able to adequately improve the quality of its services to the market throughout the designated territory (across the Russian Federation and the CIS countries).

Variety of operations:

• targeted delivery and collection of cargo;
• providing data to participants about overcoming key points along the way;
• if necessary - specialized packaging of goods;
• work on loading and unloading vehicles.

Transport company Delko

Delko, which has been providing work since the beginning of this century, mainly in the markets of Moscow and St. Petersburg. Although the range of travel limited to the territories of Russia and Kazakhstan.

The company has more than one thousand units of freight transport, is able to provide services for the delivery of goods up to 20 tons.

She has the following vehicles:

• refrigerated trucks (± 20C);
• tilt semi-trailers (90m 3, 110 m 3) up to 40 pallets, using bunkers.

Transport company - TTG

The TTG company, for 5 years, has been providing cargo transportation services from 0.5 to 20 tons. Through the territory of the Russian Federation and the countries of Russia and countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

In stock more than 5000 units of various vehicles, with a period of use no more than 5 years, allows you to quickly carry out cargo transportation at any distance, within the above territory.

According to the ATI base of road carriers, this company is at the top of the rating table. The presence of more than 100 positive reviews confirms this. TTG was awarded the title of "Quality and Reliability Guarantor" in 2014. The firm has many regular large clients.

Forwarding company DA-TRANS

DA-TRANS LLC provides a full range of functions both for transport and warehouse services, and for forwarding operations throughout the Russian Federation, including the recently annexed Crimea, as well as the CIS countries, including the Belarusian, Kazakhstan and Armenian republics. Delivery is carried out both by a separate vehicle and in the form of groupage cargo (from 0.5 tons or by volume 2 m 3), including cargo requiring special temperature conditions or non-standard dimensions.

Qualified, professionally carrying out their work, the organization's personnel optimize routes based on the available data on the condition of roads, possible traffic jams or repair work on the roads. This allows you to significantly reduce the cost of transportation.

Time for calculating the cost takes no more than 15 minutes.

Differences between forwarding and logistics

Freight forwarding support of cargo transportation is one part of logistics services. It is limited to accompanying the movement of goods from one point to another.

Logistic functionality in total optimizes handling and storage processes, in parallel with the provision of forwarding services.

The general range of logistics services of the company:

• loading / unloading operations and movement of cargo from point A to point B;
• control over the financial component of the transaction implementation process;
• formation and filling of documentation for the cargo, and the process of cargo transportation;
• customs clearance;
• information support about the movement of cargo;
• and other elements of the service.

Thus, forwarding support is only a part of logistics services.

Who is a Logistician? Features of the profession?

A logist, or logistician, is a person who performs control over transportation processes and warehousing material resources.

He is responsible for:

• optimization of movement of freight and goods flows;
• rationalization and optimality of the movement of material and information resources.

The main parameter is - delivery time limitation.

Manager (specialist) for logistics operations acts in a certain area, namely:

• multimodal cargo transportation (two or more types of transport are used);
• forwarding services;
• warehouse system for storing goods;
• material and technical support of production and sale;
• registration of all necessary, including customs, documentation;
• organization of planning and control over the implementation of the corporate management system;
• control over the implementation of logistics services, in terms of quality and timing;
• sales distribution of material flows;
• and others.

In addition to knowledge of logistics, you also need professional skills in 1C systems, banking programs, etc., as well as the ability to find and use the necessary information.

Also an important characteristic of the implementation of the management function in this industry is the ability to compile forecast data on sales, purchases, assess the likelihood of transport difficulties, according to statistical data and experience of daily work.

Conclusion

The full implementation of the functions of organizing and controlling the transportation of goods, warehouse operations, sales and purchase of raw materials and goods is indisputably important for the effective work of an organization. It is important to share the ability to carry out certain operations by internal human resources, and delegate some to an external partner for the formation and implementation of functionality in the field of logistics.

The main indicator of performance is profit based on the difference between revenue and costs for the implementation of transportation and storage, including the cost of movement and storage. For example, when delivering from China, you will need to pay literally a third of the cost of the goods for its transportation (at the minimum cost of the goods).

A wide list of logistics partners and their services in the Russian market is due to difference in the quality of service, guarantees and insurance of consequences.

In this article, you could familiarize yourself with the basic concepts, types of logistics activities, and their features.

The importance of choosing a logistics partner is due to certain criteria presented in this article.

We hope that it became clear for you what range of services, their quality characteristics, and how the top logistics companies on the market generally differ.

There are many definitions of the concept of "logistics", which indicates the lack of knowledge of all sides and depths of its concept. On the other hand, the simultaneous existence of several definitions provides a more complete understanding of the nature, content and importance of this field of activity. In this regard consider the most commonly used her concepts.

Logistics- This is the delivery to a specific consumer of the required product of the appropriate quality in the required quantity at the specified place and at the exactly appointed time at an acceptable price.

Logistics Is an effective organization, planning, management and control over stocks of primary material resources (raw materials), semi-finished products, components, final finished products and spare parts for these finished products.

This definition fixes attention on the formation of stocks of material and technical resources.

Logistics Is the process of planning, implementing and monitoring the efficiency of the flow and storage of material and technical resources and production stocks.

The emphasis, as we can see, is placed on the movement and storage of resources. Movement requires the choice of modes of transport, methods of transportation, direction of commodity flows, including by own means of transport. Moreover, often the choice between your capabilities and the hiring of transport is a very difficult task that requires taking into account various economic factors.

In turn, the organization of storage implies taking into account the number of goods, their sizes, volumes, design, type. Accordingly, warehouses are created with the necessary equipment and lifting and transport vehicles, taking into account the volume of orders for material resources and final finished products, lead times and other circumstances.

The named concepts of logistics refer to Western terminology. In our country, a slightly different interpretation of logistics has been adopted.

Logistics- is planning, control and management of transportation, warehousing and other tangible and intangible operations performed in the process of bringing raw materials and materials to a production enterprise, in-house processing of raw materials, materials and semi-finished products, bringing finished products to the consumer in accordance with his interests and requirements, and also the transfer, storage and processing of relevant information.

The purpose of logistics: achieving the highest efficiency of the company, increasing its competitiveness.

Main goals: improving the management of commodity circulation, creating an integrated effective system of regulation and control of material and information flows, ensuring high quality of product delivery.

Research object and management in logistics are material flows, which are the main ones. Accompanying streams - information, financial and service.

Subject the study of logistics is the optimization of resources in a certain economic system while managing the main and accompanying flows.

Logistics includes: purchasing logistics related to the provision of production with materials; production logistics; marketing logistics (marketing or distribution). Transport logistics and information logistics are associated with each of the listed logistics.

Research objects

The main objects of research in logistics are:

• chain;
• system;
• function;
• information flow;

Logistic operation

This is a separate set of actions aimed at transforming the material and information flow. Such an operation is specified by a variety of initial conditions, parameters of the external environment, alternative strategies, and characteristics of the objective function.

Logistic chain

This is a linearly ordered set of individuals and legal entities (manufacturers, distributors, warehouse managers, etc.) carrying out logistics operations, including those with added value, to bring the material flow from the supplier to the consumer.

Logistics system

This is an adaptive feedback system that performs certain logistic operations and has developed connections with the external environment. In its capacity, physical objects are considered - industrial enterprises, territorial-production complexes, trade enterprises, the infrastructure of the economy of a particular country. At the same time, a logistic system with direct connections is distinguished (the material flow is brought to the consumer without the participation of intermediaries on the basis of long-term economic ties) and an echeloned (multi-cascode, multi-level system in which the material flow on the way from the manufacturer to the consumer passes through at least one intermediary).

Logistic function

This is an enlarged group of operations, but aimed at realizing the goals of the logistics system, with the values ​​of the indicators that are its output variables. The logistics function includes: procurement, supply, production, sales, distribution, transportation, warehousing, storage, inventory.

Material flow

These are products subjected to various logistic operations - transportation, warehousing, storage, loading and unloading. The material flow has dimensions in the form of volume, quantity, mass and is characterized by rhythm, determination and intensity.

Information flow

This is a set of messages circulating in the logistics system, between it and the external environment, necessary for management and control. The information flow can exist in the form of a workflow or an electronic document and is characterized by direction, frequency, volume and transmission speed. In logistics, there are horizontal, vertical, external, internal, input and output information flows.

Logistic costs

These are the costs of performing logistics operations (warehousing, transportation, collection, storage and transmission of data on orders, stocks, deliveries). In terms of their economic content, such costs partially coincide with production costs, transport costs, for the delivery of products, storage, costs for sending goods, for containers, etc.

Supply chain logistics and service

Based on the practice of production and economic activities of industrial enterprises and intermediary organizations, it can be concluded that any company manufactures goods and at the same time provides various kinds of services. In this regard, a two-part definition of logistics has been adopted, reflecting the two main types of its activities - supply chain logistics and service logistics.

Supply chain logistics. This is a traditional process that reflects the organization of accumulation (warehousing, storage, stock formation) and distribution (transportation, distribution channels, sales networks) of goods for industrial and consumer purposes.

It is the main organizational element in the production process and in the organization of product distribution. The classical supply chain can be represented as follows: source of primary material resources (raw materials) - transportation (loading and unloading) - production of products (industrial enterprises) - transportation (loading and unloading) - warehousing (storage) - sellers (distribution centers) - final consumers (organizations and individuals).

Service logistics. It is the process of coordinating the intangible activities required to deliver a service. Its effectiveness is determined by the level of satisfaction of the requirements of the buyer, the cost of it.

Service logistics is a decisive factor in the activities of organizations providing various types of services. A service infrastructure should be organized to coordinate and meet customer requirements. In manufacturing industries, service logistics is a relatively minor factor that has a limited impact on profit and competitiveness.

Comparative characteristics of supply chain logistics and service logistics

Supply chain logistics	Service logistics
Sales forecasting	Service forecasting
Determination of sources of raw materials and materials	Identification of potential clients and partners
Planning and organization of production	Organization of work of personnel and equipment
Delivery of materials	Collection of information
Inventory Management	Data processing
Storage of raw materials and supplies	Training
Processing orders of various consumers	Determining the requirements of potential customers
Choosing a rational distribution system	Formation of a network of service channels
Warehousing of goods	Data storage
Distribution control	Control of communications
Implementation of transportation	Time planning and regulation
Formation of an acceptable price of products	Formation of an acceptable cost of services

The main thing that distinguishes services from tangible goods is that the service itself does not exist. Material resources in the form of raw materials, materials, semi-finished products can be consumed or inactive. A service needs an object as a source of work to be done. It can be a person or a technical device. Services have no technical characteristics, they are intangible, and their quality is assessed based on the results of the work performed.

At the same time, services are classified according to several criteria: source of work - using technical means (various kinds of repairs) and lack of tools (for example, consultations); relationship with the consumer - mandatory presence (for example, medical care) or absence (the same repair); type of consumer - organizations or individual consumers.

Distribution levels

Before considering global systems, let us dwell on the levels (positions) of distribution in logistics (using the example of consumer goods). These are suppliers of primary material resources (raw materials), manufacturers of semi-finished products, final finished product, information center, logistics platforms (warehouses), wholesalers or retailers, end individual consumers. Let's take a closer look at each level (position).

Suppliers supply various kinds of raw materials (mineral, artificial, agricultural), fuel and energy resources, a certain range of basic and auxiliary materials, i.e. processed or partially processed raw materials.

Semi-finished product manufacturers produce basic and auxiliary materials, forgings, stampings, castings, and component parts. Manufacturers of the final finished product carry out the manufacture, including assembly, of goods for industrial or consumer purposes.

The clearinghouse is the only level in distribution where there is no physical movement of resources and products. Here, customer orders for goods are processed and office work is carried out, reference information is collected, regulatory data governing logistics processes are monitored, operational information on the movement of products in the distribution system is analyzed and on the basis of this, the goods movement processes are adjusted.

Logistic platforms are subdivided into intermediate (sorting), transport and warehouses at the points of sale of goods. Wholesalers or retailers sell products through a chain of stores. The final individual consumer purchases finished products for home, family or personal consumption.

Global systems

American system

The basis of the American system is the relationship "resources - production". The opinion of an individual consumer about a product (quantity, quality, design, reasonable price) is clarified here by the manufacturer of the finished product. He collects data by mail, telephone, questionnaires and observation at the point of sale. In this case, the information-production logistics chain looks as follows: an individual consumer - a manufacturer of a finished product - a manufacturer of semi-finished products - a supplier of raw materials (feedback in the logistics chain). Further, there is a direct production link: from the supplier of raw materials to the individual consumer.

The advantage of the American system is that an effective balance is achieved when the amount of goods produced coincides with the number of potential consumers - supply and demand coincide. Another advantage is that it excludes the option of storing large stocks of finished products and, accordingly, stocks of intermediate products - semi-finished products and primary material resources.

The disadvantage is that the manufacturer's forecast, despite the conducted marketing research of potential consumers, may not be justified, since due to certain circumstances (change in fashion, increased competition), a change in the opinion of an individual consumer is possible. Then the supply-demand balance is upset, and the goods produced may not find a consumer.

European system

Stocks are the backbone of the European system. Here the opinion of individual consumers about the product is determined by the trader. Otherwise, the production procedure and information production links (both direct and reverse) are identical to the American system (the wholesaler and retailer acts as the initial position of the logistic feedback, instead of the manufacturer of the finished product).

The advantage of the European system is that it allows an individual consumer to purchase the necessary product (from the proposed choice) in almost unlimited quantities, since the system is built on stocks of finished products in a wide range of each type produced.

The disadvantage of the European system is the presence of significant stocks of products, which leads to storage costs (conservation and reconstruction, maintenance of a strict regime of predetermined certain temperature values, compliance with humidity standards, various kinds of preventive work), and, consequently, additional storage costs. In this regard, it should be noted that experts have long come to the conclusion that freezing financial resources in material and technical resources is unprofitable.

To meet the various needs of intermediate and final consumers of products, the American system provides for the production of goods on the basis of projected demand. The European system is based on providing the consumer with a certain choice of products in the presence of significant storage volumes.

Japanese system

The Japanese system is fundamentally different from the American and European, both in the approach to the problem of production and in its implementation. Its basis is the order. Neither the manufacturer nor the seller assesses the opinion of the end consumer about the product. Thus, there is no “producer - seller” relationship here. The end consumer himself appears at the seller, and the order for the goods comes from him. In this case, the seller must satisfy the buyer's requests by providing him with the exact product that he requested.

It is noteworthy that in the Japanese system, the information and production chain of logistics "end consumer - supplier of raw materials" is completely opposite: "supplier of raw materials - end user". Its distinctive feature is that the manufacturer of the final finished product is constantly waiting for an order from the consumer. There is no production forecast in the system, and the manufacturer of the finished product is based on the opinion of the end consumer expressed in the order.

The advantage of the Japanese logistics system is maximum maneuverability both when ordering a finished product and when ordering semi-finished products and primary material resources. The end consumer does not choose a product from the proposed range, but orders an individual product in accordance with his taste and requirements.

The disadvantage of the Japanese system is that the manufacturer is constantly waiting for an order for the manufacture of a specific product and, having received it, proceeds to fulfill it, which takes a certain amount of time. If in the USA and Europe the end consumer does not expect the goods, but quickly acquires it (though not always the one that is required by the individual buyer), then in Japan he expects an order, moreover, he additionally pays for the urgency of execution. Nevertheless, Western experts believe that the future of logistics lies in the Japanese system.

Main goals

The movement of goods is complicated by the choice of vehicles. Used sea vessels of significant displacement, road, rail, aviation, pipeline transport. The choice of options for warehousing and storage of material and technical resources in ports, at regional bases and points of sale, systems for distributing goods to small stores, organizing sales, managing goods movement, the ratio of optimal stocks of raw materials, semi-finished products, components, finished products and spare parts parts in warehouses of various levels. All this sets certain tasks for commodity producers and transport companies.

Ultimately, all operations for the transportation, warehousing and storage of products and raw materials should be reduced from the standpoint of logistics to minimize costs at each of these stages. Cost minimization involves taking into account the entire complex of information flows (normative, reference, operational and analytical data), ensuring the solution of specific problems using computerization.

The infrastructure in the economic sphere, which is developing at a rather significant pace, in turn gives rise to new tasks and problems that require solution at minimal costs at all levels of commodity circulation. Therefore, a whole scientific direction of logistics has emerged, including macrologistics (optimization of commodity circulation on the scale of regional, international and other markets) and micrologistics (organization of commodity circulation at a separate enterprise).

Logistics in this sense is considered as a mathematical logic that has a number of applied areas that implement tasks in certain areas of economics, technology, management and marketing.

Logistics, developing methods of minimization and optimization in each of its links in the overall chain, forms specific regulations, programs and standards for production, transportation, shipment, warehousing and storage, distribution. These developments are prepared for each distribution system: manufacturer, reseller, service provider, retail and wholesale.

We can say that logistics currently acts both as a science and as a practice, covering all spheres of activity in production, commodity circulation, distribution and consumption of products. The main goal of logistics is to ensure uninterrupted provision of the growing needs of the population with minimal costs.

Industrial enterprises that produce goods for industrial and consumer purposes, and enterprises that provide services, as a rule, solve the following main tasks in the field of logistics that ensure their business: the formation of the goal (goals); planning and forecasting; formation of capacities and reserves; acceptance of orders and responsibility for its implementation; equipment operation and inventory turnover, optimal use of the distribution network to comply with the law.

Successful management of logistics in an enterprise requires careful coordination of the movement and storage of material resources, an interest in the development and industrial packaging of materials. These two areas deserve special attention. The processing of material resources prior to warehousing and storage operations requires not only special equipment, but also significant financial costs. For example, deep freezing of food products, a special storage regime are associated with high energy costs. Accordingly, there is a need for strategic stocks of material and technical resources, the storage period of which is calculated in years, funds for their preservation and conservation.

Industrial packaging of materials, like their processing, also requires significant material (packaging materials), technical (special equipment), labor and financial costs. In addition, the type and type of packaging (containers, refrigerators) have a significant impact on further transportation and storage operations, loading and unloading operations. Depending on the type of packaging, the area and height of storage facilities, as well as storage equipment, etc. are used to the maximum.

Many foreign companies have hired third-party organizations to provide services for performing non-core functions for a long period of time. Such a scheme is called "outsourcing". It means engaging a third party on a reimbursable basis in order to fulfill the tasks facing the company. Outsourcing helps a business to be more flexible, which allows it to generate good profits.

Logistics services

Today, there are organizations that offer a wide range of operations related to the storage, purchase and transportation of goods. Among them:

• warehouse logistics, processing, storage and distribution of goods;
• transportation logistics designed to meet the needs of companies that do not have their own fleet of vehicles in the transportation of goods;
• representing assistance in certification and customs clearance of goods.

To date, the services of logistics companies have already outgrown the 2PL level offered by small providers for performing the simplest operations in the field of transport and warehouse services, namely, storage or transportation of goods.

A modern logistics company is a 3PL organization. That is, it adheres to a scheme in which it acts as a third party in transactions between buyers and suppliers, providing the full range of services that allow you to handle the cargo.

Field of activity

Logistics is the science of controlling, managing and planning the movement of resources and goods. The main goals of this direction are:

• development of processes for the infrastructure of goods turnover, starting from the manufacturer of raw materials and materials to the manufacturer of goods from these resources, and then from the company that released the products to the end consumer;
• formation and constant maintenance at the proper level of the functioning of the general system of circulation of goods;
• implementation of inventory management;
• optimization and rationalization of the process of moving goods, as well as the production and sale of finished products.

In management, it is considered when developing a strategy for managing procurement and transportation, storage and sales, financial and information flows. The main object of this discipline is the direct process of moving goods, resources and goods. This also implies one of the main tasks of logistics, which consists in using effective methods and techniques, as well as forms of information and product flow management, formed thanks to a preliminary analysis of cause-and-effect relationships in the trade chain.

It is worth noting that logistics got its start from the military sphere. It was there, first of all, that the well-functioning work of industry and transport was needed to achieve the set goals. Then the first logistics company appeared in our country. And only after that a similar management system was borrowed by the business, which turned out to be very effective for it.

Wide range of services

A logistics company is an organization that offers its partners the following:

• Optimization
• Escort of transported goods by representatives of the company.
• Monitoring the movement of goods.
• Certification and customs clearance of goods.
• Warehouse handling and subsequent storage of material values.
• Expert and consulting services.

A logistics company is a reliable business assistant that will allow an enterprise to completely legally reduce the cost of producing goods through optimization.This is due to the choice of optimal routes that are most efficient in terms of terms and tariffs, as well as in connection with a decrease in warehouse and customs costs.

A logistics company is an organization that can save significant amounts of money on maintaining its own division that performs similar functions. In addition, with its help, you can flexibly restructure the delivery policy, quickly responding to changing market requirements.

How does a logistics company work? She creates her own infrastructure, ties in close with the administrative services of the customer and with carriers. Thanks to this, customers are provided with a mechanism for optimizing and building all chains of movement of goods. The advantage is very obvious when a logistics company gets down to business. How it works? The customer company receives a significant gain not only in terms of the cost of services, but also in terms of delivery of its cargo.

As you can see, business logistics solves an extensive list of tasks. They relate to almost all areas of the enterprise, not covering only the issues of accounting and personnel.

Benefits of cooperation

Is it profitable for an enterprise to involve a company operating in the field of business (logistics is an area that receives increased attention) to resolve its issues? After all, you can create your own departments that will deal with issues of movement, storage and promotion of goods. It should be borne in mind that such divisions of the enterprise will require considerable additional funds for maintenance. Based on existing practice, we can make an unequivocal conclusion that such departments are not always able to demonstrate the required level of efficiency in their work.

The main advantage of a logistics company is that it really allows you to increase the productivity of the company's turnover and its productivity. Many organizations, seeing the senselessness of the existence of their own departments, attract specifically third-party organizations for cooperation, which:

• allow to expand the sales market, bringing the customer's finished products to the international level;
• organize the processes of transportation of small and large consignments of goods, specific and dangerous goods requiring special conditions of transportation;
• allow you to reduce the cost of goods.

Conclusion of contracts

How to start working with a logistics company? To do this, it is necessary to conclude an agreement with her, which should indicate:

• volumes and ranges of services provided;
• responsibility of both contracting parties;
• peculiarities of paperwork accompanying the cargo;
• the amount of remuneration, as well as the methods and procedure for paying for the company's services;
• ownership of the goods.

Choosing a company

To date, many logistics organizations have opened their own business in Russia. How to choose the most suitable one for the enterprise?

To do this, you should be guided by the following rules:

1. The services provided by a transport and logistics company should be used in most cases. An exception may be situations when the company has its own large vehicle fleet. In this case, a preliminary assessment should be made of the option of involving an external organization. But even in such a situation, “economies of scale” will play a significant role. After all, a transport and logistics company will carry out transportation quickly and make it cheaper. It will save financial resources in connection with its wholesale purchases of gasoline, as well as low costs for the maintenance of vehicles, since it has its own workshops or enjoys significant discounts as a regular customer in third-party repair organizations.
2. If the carrier does not have its own vehicle fleet, it is not worth concluding a contract for the provision of logistics services with it. This will result in a large financial cost for the company.
3. When choosing a logistics company, you should pay attention to the guarantees that a potential contractor can provide. In addition, the draft contract must indicate the exact dates of the arrival of the goods, as well as the transit time.
4. It is advisable that the carrier be ready to insure its responsibility for the complete safety of the material assets transported by it in any third-party insurance company.
5. When considering candidates for concluding a contract, one should compare the cost of carrier services and clarify their willingness to work with "non-standard" deliveries. If necessary, an additional contract can be concluded, guaranteeing the company the provision of the vehicle it needs in case of an emergency need for it.
6. Before concluding a contract, you should read the reviews about the prospective partner.
7. When providing the services of a customs broker, you will need to take the choice of a logistics company as seriously as possible. After all, mistakes made during the declaration sometimes have a negative delayed effect.

Which performer to opt for? To do this, it is worth considering the rating of logistics companies in Russia.

Business lines company

The motto of this organization is the words "Quality and reliability". Organization "Business Lines" is one of the logistics companies in Moscow. Its main office is located in the capital. After all, transport services are very relevant for this metropolis.

The company carries out its activities taking into account the wishes of its customers. She is ready to quickly and with a high level of quality deliver the necessary goods to the destination not only from Moscow, but also from St. Petersburg. The customer can receive his cargo the next day after his leave from the warehouse. The company offers its services at the most affordable prices and at the most modern level. Their list includes:

• transportation by rail, air or road;
• delivery of groupage cargo;
• transportation of goods by a separate mode of transport;
• delivery of goods to all regions of the country, as well as to Kazakhstan and Belarus;
• expedited express delivery.

The company also offers the customer the carriage of goods subject to temperature conditions. To do this, she uses special equipment with the organization of a separate flight.

In the course of its work, the logistics organization constantly maintains contact with the client, notifying him of the location of his material values.

PEK company

This organization provides throughout Russia. It is also on the list of Moscow logistics companies. Constantly expanding its work, it opens more and more new branches in various regions of the country. At the same time, the organization is constantly acquiring new clients.

PEK company offers only modern services at the highest level of service. Indeed, its staff consists of qualified specialists who are constantly improving their level of work. For the delivery of goods, the company uses trucks and airplanes.

The range of services provided by PEC includes the following:

• collection of goods from the customer and transportation to the destination;
• constant informing the client about the location and condition of the cargo;
• high-quality packaging of goods;
• work on loading and unloading material values.

The company "Bee Logistic"

This company provides a comprehensive service offering:

• execution of the entire volume of logistics operations with goods;
• transportation, storage, loading and delivery of goods to the buyer;
• placement of goods in beautiful packaging.

"Bi Logistic" is included in the list of the best logistics companies in St. Petersburg, but apart from the Northern capital, it also operates in Novosibirsk.

In addition, she offers the client:

• storage of goods in a warehouse;
• preparation of products for sale (sticker sticking, marking, sealing in film, repackaging);
• providing any necessary information transmitted online;
• office provision.

Air transport

Pulkovo logistics company is engaged in air cargo transportation, considering them the most reliable and fastest. Indeed, the delivery of goods by air is the fastest option, especially when the route runs to remote corners of not only our country, but also the planet.

Qualified specialists of the company provide logistic support of goods and choose the most optimal transportation options for them.

In order to order air transportation, it is enough to call the company. In this case, you will need to accurately indicate the dimensions of the material values ​​being delivered, their nature, weight, as well as the number of places. The specialist will immediately calculate the most optimal delivery options. Further, the cargo must go to the cargo terminal of Pulkovo airport. If the client does not have such an opportunity, then the logistics company will take care of it. In case of urgent delivery, a charter flight can be organized.

Section 1. History and variants of the definition of the term logistics.

Section 2. The main types of logistics systems, the main tasks logistics.

Section 3. Military logistics, business logistics, distribution logistics, transport logistics, integrated logistics.

The mission of logistics is to achieve a logistics goal.

The purpose of logistics is to deliver products to a specified location on a specific day and hour, in the required quantity and range at an optimal cost level, and most importantly, while maintaining its quality.

The object of logistics is material and corresponding financial and information flows.

2. Quality - the required quality.

3. Quantity - in the required quantity.

4. Time - must be delivered at the right time.

5. Place - to the right place.

6. Costs - with minimal costs.

7. Buyer - to the desired buyer.

The goal of logistic activities is considered achieved if these seven conditions are met, that is, the required product of the required quality in the required quantity is delivered to a specific purchaser at the right time in the right place with minimal costs.

Tasks solved by logistics

choice of the type of vehicle;

determination of routes;

Cargo transportation company;

packing goods into containers;

Inventory Management;

responsible storage in warehouse areas;

marking;

formation of group orders;

customs services

Logistics is

Military logistics, business logistics, distribution logistics, transport logistics, integrated logistics

The most striking manifestation of military logistics was during the Second World War. The American military contingent, conducting military operations in Europe, was fully supported by rear units from another continent. The joint and well-oiled work of the military industry, transport (aviation, sea and land transportation) and logistics services gave impetus after the end of the war to the application of military logistics experience in a peaceful economy.

In our time, the concept of "military logistics" in some countries is still preserved, but in the Russian language the term "logistics" is now associated primarily with business.

Depending on the specifics of the organization's activities, various logistics systems are used. A logistics system is a set of actions of participants in the logistics chain (manufacturing enterprises, transport, trade organizations, shops, etc.), built in such a way that the main tasks of logistics are performed.

Logistic systems are very diverse in terms of the scope of the enterprise's activities (and in terms of the understanding of modern Russian management). For some, logistics is just the ability to work with databases, for some it is supplying or warehouse activities. But according to their purpose (and most importantly, its purpose is to reduce costs, subject to the fulfillment of planned targets, and therefore an increase in the efficiency of production activities), logistics systems should cover almost all (except accounting, personnel, etc.) areas of activity. Commonly recognized logistics systems and management concepts are summarized below. Just In Time: MRP - Materials requirements planning, DRP (distribution requirements planning), MRPII - Manufacturing resource planning, ERP - Enterprise resource planning; LEAN PRODUCTION: CSRP - consumer Synchronized Resource Planning, ROP, QR, CR, AR; EOQ MODEL; System of two levels; Double-bunker scheme; Model with a constant frequency of the order; ABC method; Non-stationary and stochastic models of inventory management and others. Firms can develop their own logistics divisions, or they can attract transport and logistics firms to resolve issues of supply, warehousing and procurement. Depending on the level of attracting independent companies to solve business problems in logistics, different levels are distinguished: 1PL - from the English. "First-party logistics" - an approach in which the company solves logistics issues on its own; 3PL from English. "Third-party logistics" is an approach in which the full range of logistics services from delivery and targeted storage to order management and tracking the movement of goods is transferred to the side of the transport and logistics company. The functions of such a 3PL-provider include the company and transportation management, accounting and inventory management, preparation of import-export and freight documentation, warehouse storage, cargo handling, delivery to the final purchaser.

The task of managing logistics in practice is reduced to managing several components that make up the so-called "logistics mix":

warehouse facilities (separate warehouse buildings, distribution centers, storage facilities combined with a store);

stocks (volume of stocks for each item, location of stock);

transportation (types of transport, terms, types of containers, availability of drivers, etc.);

equipment and packaging (simplicity and ease from the point of view of logistics services while maintaining an impact on purchasing activity);

communication (the ability to obtain both final and intermediate information in the process of commodity circulation).

Logistics is divided into types: purchasing, transport, warehouse, production, information logistics and others.

The main goal of procurement logistics is to satisfy production with materials with maximum economic efficiency, quality and the shortest possible time. Procurement logistics goes through the search and selection of alternative manufacturers. The main methods of procurement logistics are traditional and operational methods. The traditional method is carried out by supplying the required amount of goods at a time, and the operational one as required for the goods. An important part of procurement logistics is supply planning based on inventory management.

Distribution logistics is a functional area of ​​enterprise logistics and has its own object, goals, specific functions.

Object of study: Material flow at the stage of movement from the supplier to the acquirer.

Subject of research: Rationalization of the process of physical promotion of goods to the purchaser.

Distribution Logistics Purpose: Deliver the product to the right place at the right time. To achieve this goal with minimal costs, it is necessary to determine the distribution channel. A distribution channel (logistic channel) is a partially ordered set of various intermediaries who carry out the flow of material from a particular manufacturer to its consumers.

The distinction between purchasing and distribution logistics was first made in 1992 by M.E. Zalmanova: "Distribution logistics is the supplier's area of ​​activity, and procurement logistics is the acquirer's area of ​​activity." In the future, the content of distribution logistics was clarified, expanded, but a unified understanding of its essence and functions is still lacking. So, D.D. Kostoglodov and L.M. Kharisova consider distribution logistics as “the process of managing the commercial, channel and physical distribution of finished goods and services in order to meet consumer demand and extract arrived". It is believed that the management of commercial sales operations and processes is only partially related to the functions of distribution logistics. Consequently, the above definition interprets distribution logistics too broadly. According to A.M. Gadzhinsky: "Distribution logistics is a complex of interrelated functions implemented in the process of distributing material flow between various wholesale buyers, that is, in the process of wholesale of goods." He notes that the process of retailing goods is not considered in logistics.

Sales logistics (distribution logistics) is an area of ​​research into the system integration of functions implemented in the process of distributing material and accompanying (information, financial and service) flows between various consumers, that is, in the process of selling goods, the main purpose of which is to ensure the delivery of the necessary goods. to the right place, at the right time, at the right cost. The concept of distribution channel is closely related to the concept of sales logistics - a set of various organizations that deliver the product to the purchaser.

Transport logistics is a system for a delivery company, namely for moving any material objects, substances, etc. from one point to another along the optimal route. One of the fundamental directions of the science of managing information and material flows in the process of goods movement

The optimal route is considered to be the route along which it is possible to deliver the logistics facility in the shortest possible time (or within the stipulated time frame) with minimal costs, as well as with minimal damage to the delivery facility.

Harm for the delivery object is considered to be a negative impact on the logistics object both from external factors (conditions of transportation) and from the time factor when delivering objects falling under this category.

Transportation - consists in the movement of products by a vehicle using a specific technology in the supply chain and consisting of logistics operations and functions.

Selecting the type of vehicle.

The choice of the type of vehicle.

Joint planning of transport processes with warehouse and production operations.

Joint planning of transport processes in various modes of transport.

Ensuring the technological unity of the transport and warehouse process.

Determination of rational delivery routes.

All these tasks are solved interconnectedly, in a complex.

Inventory management policy consists of decisions - what to buy or produce, when and in what quantities. It also includes decisions about the placement of inventory at manufacturing plants and distribution centers.

The second element of inventory policy concerns strategy. You can manage the stocks of each distribution warehouse separately, or you can centrally (requires more coordination and information support)

Stock logistics

Inventory management of an enterprise is an integrated process that supports operations with inventory inside and outside the organization - throughout the supply chain.

Inventory management policy must necessarily be based on the strategy of the enterprise as a whole. The choice of the inventory management model depends on the strategy.

"Reactive" model, in other words, the "pull" model, which allows you to build inventory management depending on demand or a specific order from the manufacturer to the final purchaser. The planned model assumes the promotion of goods within the marketing distribution channel according to a specific schedule in accordance with forecast demand for the product and its availability in the market. A mixed management model is especially relevant, combining the management methods of previous models and allowing faster and more efficient adaptation to changes in the market.

Control for the state of stocks - technical means of implementation politicians inventory management. Inventory control procedure includes accounting for the availability of stocks, regular tracking of receipts / expenses. These operations can be performed especially effectively using automated control systems manually, without using information systems. The use of an ERP-class information system today is an integral part of the production and inventory management system of an enterprise.

The main task of warehouse logistics is to optimize the business processes of acceptance, processing, storage and shipment of goods in warehouses. Warehouse logistics defines the rules of the warehouse management company, the procedures for working with the product and the corresponding resource management processes (human, technical, informational). In this case, the most common methods are used FIFO, LIFO, FEFO, FPFO, BBD. For information and technical support of such processes, specialized warehouse management systems WMS are used.

Information logistics is a set of actions for the efficient distribution of information flows between digital and traditional media.

Information logistics has an allegorical resemblance to transport and warehouse logistics.

Print data

Monochrome digital printing (single-sided or double-sided)

Monochrome printing consists of several steps:

project development and preparation of customer information for printing on high-tech industrial printers;

printing of customer information on high-tech industrial black-and-white printers (on one side or on both sides of the sheet;

Quality control of printing;

Color digital printing (one-sided or two-sided).

Color printing consists of several stages:

receiving information from the Customer for printing in a digital format (file) convenient for the Customer;

project development and preparation of customer information for printing on high-tech industrial color printers;

agreement with the Customer and ordering specialized paper;

printing of customer information on high-tech industrial color printers (on one side or on both sides of the sheet);

Quality control of printing;

further processing of the printed.

Logistics is

Personalized printing or sheet personalization

Personalization is a way of designing printed products, where each copy becomes individual, since it carries individual information. Personal information can be text (last name, first name, address, etc.) or illustrated (photo of the addressee). personalized print is similar technological process digital printing. If the personalized sheets are subsequently subjected to automatic wrapping in envelopes, at the stage of information processing before printing, special marks for the automatic wrapper and barcodes will be applied to them. Printing can be carried out both on paper and on pre-prepared forms.

Distribution of materials

Packing sheets into envelopes

Packing in envelopes, based on the size of the envelope and the number of packed sheets, can be divided into manual and automatic.

Manual packing

Manual packaging consists of:

preparation of packaged attachments;

identifying, ordering and receiving envelopes;

folding (folding) of attachments;

stowing and sealing envelopes for attachments;

If necessary, sorting and packing envelopes into boxes or other containers.

Automatic packing

Automatic packaging consists of:

printouts of personalized attachments with special labels and barcodes according to a pre-developed project;

preparation of non-personalized attachments and loading them into the packer (if necessary);

setting folding parameters;

configuring the wrapper to fit the envelopes;

launching the packer and receiving at the exit packed envelopes with the necessary attachments;

Quality control and packing of envelopes with enclosed boxes;

marking boxes on the boxes (if necessary).

Marking of consignments

Postage marking - application of postage marks on envelopes and parcels. The franking is carried out by passing envelopes or pre-prepared stickers through a special franking (marking) machine.

Sending postal correspondence

Sending - sorting by indexes, preparation of the necessary documentation, packaging, delivery to specialized post offices and delivery of postal correspondence.

Digitization of materials

Digitization is the translation of information from paper to digital media. Technological process scanning consists of the following basic operations:

receipt from the Customer of paper carriers with printed text and / or graphic information;

preparation of paper carriers for scanning;

scanning information into a graphic file;

transfer of files with information to the customer's digital carrier.

Material recognition

Translation of scanned information into text format according to certain specified rules. Recognition consists of:

receiving the scanned file by the operator;

determining the rules and / or forms according to which information should be presented after recognition;

recognition of information in accordance with certain rules;

transfer of files with recognized information to digital media of the Customer.

Data verification

Verification - verification of a recognized document. It consists in comparing the data after recognition with the data before recognition. If the data after recognition does not coincide with the data before recognition, or the form of presentation of the recognized data does not coincide with the form of presentation of information specified by the Customer, the recognized data is brought into the proper form.

Data storage

Service for storing all customer data in digital form with the possibility of permanent access.

Ecological logistics ensures the movement of material in any production process, up to its transformation into a commodity and waste, followed by waste disposal before disposal or safe storage in the environment. Ecological logistics also provides for the collection and sorting of waste generated during the consumption of commercial products, their transportation, disposal or safe storage in the environment. It allows you to radically clean large areas contaminated with unauthorized waste.

Urban logistics (city logistics, municipal logistics) is a complex of logistics solutions, actions, processes aimed at optimizing management decisions of the administration, flows of materials, vehicles, people, knowledge, energy, finance, information within the subsystems of the city and its infrastructure.

Logistics in computer games

Hard Truck Tycoon is the first logistics-themed computer game. Truck Tycoon Mobile (Java) is the first logistics-themed mobile game. The goal of both games is to create infrastructure between small cities. In order to reduce the distance between terminals, they must be placed in the central area of ​​the map. The minimum distance between terminals gives the maximum. In Truck Tycoon Mobile (Java), the most profitable voyage (ROUTE) is the transportation of fuel (OIL). from such a one-way transportation with a trailer - $ 2000. Carnival Cruise Line Tycoon 2005: Island Hopping is another game.

Food Force is a humanitarian aid delivery game.

Big Mutha Truckers is a Hard Steel-style game. Topic - Truckers.

Axis & Allies and Arsenal Of demos kratos are military supply logistics games.

Truck Depot Mobile is a mobile game that demonstrates loading cargo onto a trailer.

Cruise Ship Tycoon Mobile is a mobile cruise ship passenger planning game.

Logistics is also a core element in the Transport Tycoon Deluxe series.

Logistics is

Significant problems of logistics today include:

ensuring the mutual correspondence of material and information flows;

control of material flow and transfer of data about it to a single logistic information center;

determination of the strategy and technology for the physical movement of consumer goods and goods;

development of methods for managing the operations of the movement of goods;

establishment of forms for standardization of semi-finished products and packaging;

determination of the volume of production, transportation and storage;

discrepancy between procurement and production requirements and capabilities.

The achievement of the logistics goal is measured by a clear and concrete result. In this case, the result of logistics is the availability of the required trade item in the required quantity and a given level of quality, in the right place and at the appointed time, with minimal costs.

If you carefully read all the complex definitions of this mysterious specialty, then you can summarize: this is economy. Logistics is designed to save money, products, time, space, equipment, etc. A logist, as one of the journalists aptly put it, is a professional curmudgeon who is almost the only one in the entire chain from manufacturer to purchaser who thinks not about how to make money, but about how to save money.

Logisticians, therefore, have control over all the processes where this economy can be realized. And these are purchases, supplies, transportation, communication with customs and government agencies, packaging, sales. Having built a complex structure of interconnection of elements, the logistics operator does not allow the product to lie in the warehouse for a long time, the truck does not allow to travel a long way, the store does not wait for the delivery of the product.

So, the right product of the required quality in the required quantity at the appointed time should be delivered to the right place with minimal costs for the purchaser.

The need for logical thinking does not exclude intuition and excellent reaction - the ability to quickly find a way out of a difficult situation. Some of the experts generally believe that “only a speculator“ from God ”can be a good logistician, just like a real baker, who does not know how to guess the chief’s desire by his eyes, but is endowed with the talent to move goods and goods, like pieces on a chessboard, to a brilliant denouement ".

Communication qualities, the ability to find a common language with different people (from truck drivers to factory directors and officials of the Customs Committee) and a high degree of concentration are also very useful (after all, it is necessary to simultaneously work with a large amount of information in parallel).

Plus - mathematical and economic knowledge, and, of course, an understanding of the basic laws of business, both globally and in an applied sense.

- Logistics is a profession, the subject of which is to organize a rational process of promoting goods and services from suppliers of raw materials to consumers, the functioning of the sphere of circulation of products, goods, services, management of commodity ... ... Wikipedia

It is important for every company that delivers goods to be able to systematize and optimize their work at every stage. Such a scrupulous approach will reduce costs and speed up the delivery process, and will attract new customers. From this article we will learn what logistics is in simple words, we will get acquainted in more detail with its definition, principles and direct tasks in business.

For a successful business, it is important to be able to rationally manage all the available resources of your production: turnover, human resources, sales and delivery of goods or services, and many other options.

This is where the concept of logistics comes to the rescue, what it is and what is the essence, we will try to explain in our own words, without abstruse terms.

This is a tool that allows you to streamline and find the shortest and simplest ways in information management, searching for a sales market, transportation, safe cargo escorting and solving legal issues, management and storage, increasing inventories and human resources.

Logistics is the choice of modern business, which allows you to reduce costs, ensure the quality of goods and services for their delivery in the best possible time, and the main duty of the people of this profession is to find the optimal company strategy in the business world.

This tool is especially important for large companies doing business in large areas, with many branches in different cities (countries), cooperating with foreign partners.

Logistics is aimed at optimizing costs and streamlining the process of production, sales and related services both within one enterprise and for a group of enterprises.

Now we will find out what foreign economic activity is, in what situations it is used in logistics. Foreign economic activity, this is how the abbreviation stands, is aimed at cooperation with colleagues abroad, is associated with the import and export of any products.

Objectives and goals

The logistics process boils down to managing a set of options, this is, in fact, a set of tasks, in the solution of which both labor and financial costs in production are saved, the most profitable decisions are made in terms of optimizing and rationalizing all processes.

The tasks of the logistics department are finding premises for storing products, points of sale, determining transport for transportation, providing containers and packaging of goods, making decisions on terms, finding drivers and optimal routes, orderly formation of a customer base and orders, which is what it does at the enterprise, in the company logistics manager.

Did you know? The term "logistics" in translation from Greek means "to be able to calculate", this science in the distant past was very popular and developed. In ancient Rome, there were people involved in the distribution of food among the population, other tasks were the timely distribution of weapons and the same food and military life in the army.

The main types of business logistics

Let us consider in detail what a separate type of logistics is, what types are most important in the work of an enterprise.

Production

The first stage, in which planning and calculations of all areas of activity are carried out, a clear movement along the chain from the initial process to the final result is called production logistics, more precisely,

During the initial planning, both labor and financial flows are optimized.

Purchasing

Here the main task is to find suppliers of raw materials, materials, parts for production with the maximum benefit for the enterprise, the calculation of the minimum costs and the conclusion of profitable supply contracts. Deliveries to production should be carried out as soon as possible, with a minimum of costs, raw materials should be of high quality, in the right quantity.

Distribution

Let's figure out what the work is and the ultimate goals of the logistician of the distribution function. From the receipt of raw materials to the production, marketing and transportation of finished products, there is a long chain that needs to be streamlined. The essence of distribution logistics and the activities of its managers is in identifying all participants in the processes and ensuring a productive relationship and interaction between them.

Sales

Sales logistics is, in simple terms, ensuring the delivery of products to the buyer with minimal financial costs, finding the best ways to preserve the quality of the goods, convenient routes for delivery, and the relationship between all participants in the transportation. This tool should ensure not only the safety of the transported goods, but also the terms declared by the recipient, optimize the financial resources spent by the parties participating in the process.

In addition to direct transportation, the work of an operational logistician is associated with marketing research, let's figure out what it is.
The manager studies demand trends in the market, looks for ways to adapt his own production to it, studies competitive products, forms a customer base, optimizes the level of service, establishes work with intermediaries and distributors.

Transport

Transport plays an important role in optimizing transportation, let's consider logistics from this side, what kind of tool it is.

Important! When choosing a transport, the distance of the delivery object, the preservation of the presentation of the transported products and the timing are taken into account. Depending on these factors, the type of transport is thought out (railway, air, waterways, refrigerators or tilt trucks, etc.).

The functions of transport logistics are the choice of transport that will transport products as quickly and without damage as possible, provide legal issues, think over routes, select drivers, calculate the cost of services according to your own costs (workers' salaries, fuel, travel costs).

Pros and cons of my job as a logistician from Karolina K watch the video:

Customs

Customs logistics, as the name suggests, is associated with the movement of goods abroad; this is a set of actions that includes not only the transportation itself, but also compliance with legal norms.

This system provides an information flow affecting all participants in the import-export, the relationship between them, documentary support of products, the search for ways of minimum costs for all parties.

Stocks

Let's figure out what a logistician who manages the inventory of an enterprise or company does.

The teller solves the following issues:
• Formation of lists of purchases of materials or parts.
• Subsequent placement on the territory of production, both raw materials and finished products.
• Control of the production of goods itself.
• Control over the placement of products outside the company (warehouses, distribution centers).
• Information Support.
• Human resources.

Warehouse

Warehouse Logistics. What this stage is, it becomes clear from the name itself, such a definition implies all the nuances of storage with further shipment of the finished product to the buyer. In this option, information, technical and human resources are important.

It is important to take into account the conditions of premises for warehouses, the optimal use of these areas, convenient distribution of products by release dates and the sequence of their shipment, documentary accounting of all stages.

Warehouse logistics in simple words is acceptance to the warehouse, where the goods must be stored without compromising its quality, appropriate packaging, distribution of the shipment queue, as well as the selection of personnel who will provide all these processes.

Information

Information support in logistics means working with all sources of information, with documents, protocols and others. Any media and forms of information are used: electronic systems, oral notification, paper work with registers, lists, business letters.

Information logistics tasks:
• Collect and analyze incoming information.
• Redirect to production departments.
• Accumulate and save, keep records.
• Combine adjacent streams and direct them into one channel.

Complex

Integrated logistics includes supply logistics, transport management, information flows, sales and warehouse functions, customs, legal and other issues, collected in one system.

The system provides control over the entire production cycle, plans work from the beginning (purchase of raw materials) to its logical conclusion (transportation of the finished product to the buyer). The tasks and functions of the system in coordination between all departments, production cycles, management of material, financial and human resources, reduction of risks and costs at all stages of the process, planning and subsequent implementation of the company's tasks.

Analysis of possible errors, interaction of all structures, documentation and timely informing of business partners and other participants is also part of the work of integrated logistics.

Did you know? In many works on economics and management, the idea is expressed about the important role of logistics in the victory of the Allied countries over Nazi Germany in World War II. The ability to quickly and efficiently control the movement of troops, the delivery of the necessary uniforms, weapons, medicines and food, ammunition and equipment significantly influenced the favorable outcome of the war.

Features of logistics in Russia

In most Russian companies, there is no clear understanding of who a logistician is and what kind of profession it is. In most cases, knowledge about the system is superficial and until recently there were practically no information projects in this industry, factors of economic instability and poor educational and legislative base also influenced. The length of the territory of the Russian Federation and the low quality of roads have a significant impact.

The low level of training of specialists in this area leads to competition between them, and not to the search and retention of potential customers. Today, most manufacturing companies rarely use the services of logistics companies, preferring to carry out transportation on their own.

However, despite these factors, many companies are successfully developing and using the logistics concept, successfully overcoming with its help the negative impact of political, economic, social and legal influences on business.

Companies that have reached a high level of development initiate conferences, exhibitions and seminars to promote logistics as the main tool in business.

Such conferences are planned for 2017 in almost all major cities of Russia:
• Moscow;
• St. Petersburg;
• Ekaterinburg;
• Chelyabinsk;
• Nizhny Novgorod;
• Khabarovsk and others.

Today, the most active areas for the promotion and development of logistics are the forestry and pharmaceutical industries.

TOP-5 companies in the Russian market of logistics services

We present to your attention a brief overview of the most famous and successful Russian logistics companies.

The head office of the company in the city of St. Petersburg. The company has existed since 2011, has a network of branches in more than 100 cities of the Russian Federation.

Provides the following services:
• Automobile transportations, including eurotrucks.
• Air transportation.
• Groupage cargo transportation.
• Delivery of documentation.
• Storage of cargo in warehouse conditions.
• Insurance of transported goods and cargo.

Delivery of goods is carried out in Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, the company has a network of distribution centers and terminals, provides a service for the delivery of small and large cargo, goes to a meeting in solving individual issues.

The central office is located in Moscow, more than fifty branches in the territory of the Russian Federation. Since 2011, it has been one of the largest carrier companies, distinguished by a high level of personnel qualifications and quality of service. Carries out transportation throughout the territory of Russia, Kazakhstan, China.

Provides services for the delivery of goods to individuals and legal entities, retail chains and Internet companies; in addition to air and road transportation, it provides cargo handling and storage services. Our own targeted delivery service attracts new customers to the company throughout the country and abroad.

Delko

The company was founded in 2000 and is one of the three leaders in this service sector. Provides only trucking services up to 20 tons with a carrying capacity. Works on the territory of the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan. The company's fleet includes more than a thousand trucks, personnel - more than one and a half thousand specialists, partner companies - about five hundred. Delko is considered one of the most reliable, professional organizations for cargo transportation, appreciated for its qualified personnel, quality and timely service.

TTG

The company began its development with the provision of forwarding services, currently supplies goods throughout Russia, has more than five thousand cars in its fleet, in 2014 it won the title of "Quality and Reliability Guarantor" at the prestigious national award competition.

The company guarantees timely and high-quality delivery of goods to any corner of the Russian Federation and CIS countries, numerous branches allow you to replace the car in any region, if such a need arises. The firm's clients are such well-known companies as BOSCH, Toyota, Sollers, TechnoNIKOL, Ochakovo, Moscow Brewing Company, chain stores: Administrative, Parket Hall and many others.

Since 2006, the company has been carrying out cargo transportation throughout Russia and the CIS countries, goods are delivered in the shortest possible time and in the most convenient door-to-door route. Transportation is carried out by transport with a tonnage of up to 500 kg, transportation by special refrigerators is possible, transportation of groupage cargo with a volume of up to two cubic meters. A large fleet of vehicles and regional distribution centers ensure safe, on-time delivery of goods.

Important! Reviews of potential carriers, as well as the ability to compare prices and a list of services can be found on the Internet.

1. A reliable logistics company for the client is, first of all, the guarantor of the safety of the quality of the transported goods, the guarantor of delivery to the destination on time. In order not to be mistaken in the choice, you need to take into account several important points: 2. A professional, narrowly focused company does not evaluate its services expensively, since over the years of work such a company probably has discounts on the purchase of fuel, has its own auto mechanic masters, the main condition is that the carrier must have your vehicle fleet. 3. A decent company that values ​​its reputation, as a rule, insures its responsibility for the safety of the transported goods. 4. The company must scrupulously approach the signing of the contract, taking into account all the nuances, including transit time, penalties for late delivery and force majeure. 5. A reputable company is ready to provide non-standard transportation services, has its own lawyers and, if it is focused on transportation abroad, customs brokerage services.

The difference between forwarding and logistics

The orderly management of production processes, minimization of costs, search for more favorable conditions, ownership and management of information flows, recruitment, research of the procurement and sales market, movement of inventories and finished products, intangible assets - this is what is hidden behind the profession of a logistician. Together with marketing research, logistics is an effective tool in competing with opponents in the same business area.

At first glance, the difference between the duties of a freight forwarder is not great, but in reality, the functions of a freight forwarder are mainly related to paperwork, not analytical work.

The work of a freight forwarder is as follows:
• Accompanying and timely delivery of goods.
• Elaboration of the route, taking into account the specifics of the cargo and the transport involved.
• Conclusion and documenting of contracts for transportation.
• Freight special transport if necessary.
• Observance of proper safety for the cargo (seals, markings).
• Control during loading and unloading operations.
• Preparation of all accompanying documents (invoices, declarations at customs, tax fees and payments).

Logistics profession

The profession of a logistician today is gradually becoming popular and in demand, although many applicants for "higher" have a vague idea of ​​it. who is that. Those wishing to master the necessary and promising profession need to develop the following qualities and skills:

Sociability - the ability to communicate smoothly and amicably, to hear the interlocutor and to adequately respond to possible disagreements in a conversation with a client, the ability to present his company in such a way that the client has no desire to compare or look for something else.

The ability to analyze and highlight the important in pieces of scattered information is one of the most important skills in work.
Ability to make decisions quickly, because who is a logistics manager, roughly speaking, is a manager. He must be able to subdue the situation, adapt to the prevailing circumstances, deriving benefit from them for the company.
And, of course, a good specialist must have an appropriate education: economics, law or mathematics, of course, higher.

Logistics - The Great Leap Forward. The work of logisticians from the inside on video:

To summarize: you cannot do without logistics in production. This tool will help to establish a clear, synchronous operation of all chains and links of production, bypass competitors and take a leading position in the business world.