Alveolitis: treatment, causes, symptoms, complications and description. Alveolitis after tooth extraction - symptoms, treatment and prevention Alveolitis of the tooth socket symptoms

Extraction of a tooth is an injury to the body, so a painful reaction in many cases is the norm. But sometimes gum pain signals complications that have arisen.

One of the most common complications is alveolitis after tooth extraction. How to recognize it and what to do in this case, we will consider below.

Alveolitis, like other complications, often occurs if the extraction of the tooth was difficult. Removal is considered difficult if:

• Tooth roots are crooked
• Tooth decay has reached the very root and the surgeon has nothing to cling to
• The tooth is extremely fragile and crumbles when instruments are applied to it
• The tooth did not erupt completely or did not erupt at all

In these cases, an incision of the gum is made, its detachment from the bone, sawing off the tooth and removing it in parts, or cutting out the tooth from the gum with a drill. All these actions are very traumatic for the tissues, so the occurrence of pain and complications is very likely, including the appearance of alveolitis after tooth extraction.

Alveolitis is an inflammation of the socket in the jawbone that forms after tooth extraction. Inflammation occurs as a result of infection entering the hole. In some cases, with alveolitis, you can notice damage to the hole or the surrounding gum tissue.

After tooth extraction, a blood clot forms in the socket. Its function is to protect the hole from infection and promote healing of injured tissues. If there is no such clot or its integrity is somehow violated, then tissue healing stops, the infection enters the hole and spreads, as a result of which inflammation occurs after tooth extraction.

Photos taken by dentists show that the alveolitis looks like an empty socket, which contains food debris and particles of dead tissue. While in a hole that heals without complications, a dark red blood clot can be seen.

The reasons for the development of alveolitis

Alveolitis can develop both through the fault of the doctor, if he carried out the extraction of a tooth of poor quality and left tissues in the hole that could provoke infection, or through the fault of the patient, if he did not follow the prescribed hygienic procedures. There may be other reasons associated with the health status and characteristics of the patient's body.

The main causes of inflammation include:

• Ingestion of food into the hole due to non-observance of oral hygiene
• Carelessness during hygiene procedures resulting in damage or complete removal of a blood clot, in particular, frequent rinsing, which should not be carried out immediately after surgery
• Eating rough, spicy, or hot foods immediately after tooth extraction
• Chronic inflammation of the gums, which is the focus of infection
• Prolonged bleeding after tooth extraction
• Weakened immunity caused by any reason
• Smoking
• Caries affection of adjacent teeth
• Insufficient antiseptic treatment during surgery
• Plaque or dental plaque getting into the hole
• Leaving a piece of tooth root or bone fragment in the hole
• A cyst that, during removal, comes off from the apex of the tooth root and remains in the hole, it contains a very large amount of infection

According to statistics, the likelihood of alveolitis when some groups of teeth are removed is especially high. In particular, alveolitis often develops in the lower jaw, especially when molars are removed. Alveolitis after the removal of wisdom teeth, especially those located below and poorly erupted, is a fairly common occurrence.

Alveolitis occurs only with complications for which certain conditions must be created. These conditions are:

• Penetration of dental plaque, tartar particles or pieces of the alveoli into the wound, which can carry pathogenic bacteria.
• Destruction of a blood clot that forms immediately after the removal operation. This clot under normal conditions protects the wound from the entry of various pathogenic microorganisms into it. If its integrity is violated, it ceases to perform its protective functions, which allows bacteria to freely penetrate into the tissues of the gums and bones of the hole.
• Unsanitary conditions. If the doctor does not properly disinfect the instruments before each next operation, bacteria can remain on them, penetrating into the wound and causing infection.
• Poor cleaning of the tooth sockets after the operation. Some unscrupulous doctors do not thoroughly clean the well, which contributes to the development of the disease.
• Injuries to the walls of the hole. In some people, the thickness of the walls of the hole may be reduced due to certain health problems - metabolic disorders, osteoporosis, etc. In such people, the likelihood of injury to the walls of the hole during surgery increases. Sometimes there is even a fracture of the jaw bone or gum separation.
• Plaque. It is often the cause of infection. It is recommended to remove any dental deposits before the operation.
• Failure to comply with medical recommendations. If you treat the dentist's advice with disdain - do not rinse your mouth with the prescribed means, immediately start eating hot food and drinking hot drinks, climb your hands to the place of the extracted tooth or pick it with toothpicks - the likelihood of the disease will increase dramatically.
• Reduced immunity. Even if all the dentist's recommendations are followed and antibiotics are taken, inflammation may develop with reduced immunity of the body or with its depletion. This usually happens if the patient has recently suffered a serious illness or is suffering from a viral disease at the time of the operation.
• Blood clotting is impaired. After a tooth is removed, a blood clot usually forms in its place, preventing infection from entering. If a person has any clotting disorders, the thrombus will not fill the resulting cavity thoroughly, while opening the way for pathogens to enter the alveoli. Therefore, the dentist must monitor the formation of a blood clot after surgery.

Another significant factor in the development of inflammation is the patient's age. In old age, the body's defenses are reduced and the likelihood of developing alveolitis increases. If the patient is undergoing a course of any medications at the time of the operation, he must inform the doctor about it. Certain medications can impair normal blood clotting.

The inflammatory process begins with the outer layers lining the tooth socket. Later, the infection penetrates into the deeper layers of the bone. In addition to inflammation, suppuration and tissue death is possible, which can lead to even more serious complications, such as osteomyelitis of the jaw (bone destruction), periostitis (inflammation of the periosteal tissue), abscess, phlegmon.

How do you know if you have alveolitis after tooth extraction? The symptoms of this complication in the first stage are subtle, and the patient may not understand that something is wrong. Therefore, in no case should you neglect routine dental examinations after tooth extraction. As the disease progresses, symptoms become more pronounced.

Diagnostics

Only a qualified dentist can make an accurate diagnosis, therefore it is strictly not recommended to try to treat the disease on the basis of some symptoms on your own. Often, such actions will not have significant benefits, but can lead to serious complications, for example, ostiomyelitis, and sometimes even blood poisoning.

The doctor examines the patient's oral cavity, focusing on the place where the inflammatory process occurs. If it is found that there is no blood clot, while the patient complains of severe pain and other symptoms, the dentist diagnoses alveolitis and prescribes appropriate treatment.

Initial stage:

• Aching pain in the socket of the tooth, which can at times go away completely, but always intensifies while eating.
• The patient's general condition and body temperature are normal.
• When examining a tooth socket, you can notice the absence of a blood clot in it. Sometimes only part of it is available. The well is full of saliva and food debris.
• The gums adjacent to the hole are bright red and painful to touch.

In a progressive stage:

• Severe pain in the socket and throughout the gum. The pain can be given to the ear, to the temple and to the half of the head corresponding to the extracted tooth.
• The patient feels general malaise and chills.
• The subfebrile temperature is constant.
• Jaw pain interferes with chewing food.
• When examining the hole, the remains of a decomposed clot and a gray coating are found.
• You can notice the discharge of pus from the hole.
• A pungent smell of decay emanates from the hole.
• Edema appears around the hole, the mucous membrane is unnaturally red and very painful when touched.
• Submandibular lymph nodes increase, painful sensations appear on palpation.
• Swelling of the cheek may occur on the corresponding side.

At the first suspicion of complications, you should immediately consult a doctor. The sooner the treatment starts, the more effective and quicker it will be. And the higher the likelihood of avoiding unpleasant and intractable complications.

Only a doctor can determine that you have alveolitis, and not some other disease. He will also prescribe the appropriate treatment for you. Doing this on your own using rinsing or antiseptic drugs is unacceptable. You can remove some symptoms and at the same time drive the disease inward, where it will develop further, involving more and more tissues in the process and posing an increasing threat to your health.

So, the doctor determined that you developed alveolitis after tooth extraction. Treatment will begin with a thorough diagnosis, namely radiography. An x-ray will show if there are bone fragments or other foreign bodies in the hole that have caused the infection to spread. If fragments are found, then the doctor's first action will be to remove them.

Treatment of alveolitis in the early stages

1. First, local anesthesia and anesthetic block are performed.
2. Then, using a syringe with a blunt needle, the tooth socket is washed with an antiseptic solution (chlogrexidine, furacilin, hydrogen peroxide, etc.). Remnants of food and decomposed clot and saliva are washed out of the hole.
3. After that, using surgical instruments, foreign bodies are removed from the hole: fragments of a tooth or bone, remnants of granulation tissue.
4. This is followed by antiseptic treatment and drying of the well with gauze swabs.
5. After that, a bandage with antiseptics and anesthetic drugs is applied to the hole.
6. In case of severe inflammation of the gums, applications are performed with anti-inflammatory gels and balms.

If the treatment is started at the initial stage, then this will be enough. After two to three days, the inflammation will completely subside and the pain will disappear.

Treatment in advanced stages of the disease

1. With the development of alveolitis and severe pain in the gums, after antiseptic treatment and removal of foreign bodies, a tampon with antibiotics and drugs that normalize the microflora and stop inflammation is injected into the hole.
2. Antistatic blockages are performed several times.
3. When tissue necrosis begins, proteolytic enzymes are used. They help cleanse the wound surface of dead tissue particles and reduce inflammation.
4. With deep-seated inflammation, the nerve is blocked along its entire length with lidocaine or novocaine. If pain and inflammation persist after 48 hours, the block is repeated.
5. Physiotherapy is used as an aid: ultraviolet radiation, infrared laser, microwave therapy, etc.
6. Patients are prescribed rinses and warm baths with potassium permanganate and sodium bicarbonates.
7. For oral administration, analgesics, drugs of the sulfonamide group, and fortifying vitamin complexes are prescribed.
8. If there is a threat of the transition of inflammation to the tissues surrounding the hole in a severe course of alveolitis after tooth extraction, antibiotics can be prescribed both locally and for internal administration.

Medicines for the treatment of alveolitis after tooth extraction

After the hole has been cleaned, the dentist prescribes certain drugs to fight inflammation.

• Antiseptics. Disinfect the affected area, eliminating pathogenic microorganisms and preventing their penetration into the tooth socket. Used for rinsing the mouth and mouth trays. The greatest effect was shown by such drugs as: Geksikon, Korsotil, Stomatidin, Miramistin, Chlorhexidin, Eludril, Hexamidine.
• Antibiotics These drugs should be selected so that they penetrate well into soft tissues and act for a long time. Such drugs include: Carithromycin, Levofloxacin, Azithromycin, Lincomycin, Amikacin, Sumamed, Norfloxacin, Azitral, Clindamycin, Ciprofloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Josamycin.
• Anti-inflammatory drugs. They have an analgesic effect. When alveolitis is usually prescribed: Diclofenac, Nurofen, Ketonal, Indomethacin, Nimesulide, Finlepsin, Ketorol, Meloxicam. If a long course of these drugs is prescribed, it is recommended to combine them with anti-gastritis drugs.

Completion of the healing process

Local impact on the inflammation focus is carried out daily, on average for a week. It includes the treatment of the wound surface with antiseptics, drug blockade and dressing change.

After 5-7 days, young granulation tissue appears on the walls of the well. Inflammation in the gums may still be present. After two weeks, the edema disappears completely, the hole is covered with epithelial tissue.

After that, the patient for some time must follow the recommendations related to hygienic procedures and undergo control examinations with a doctor.

To prevent the development of alveolitis, after a successful tooth extraction, the patient must adhere to certain rules:

Do not rinse your mouth too vigorously, as this can lead to the destruction of the blood clot and facilitate the penetration of pathogens into the wound.

For the first time, give up very hot food and drinks, so as not to provoke an inflammatory process. High temperatures are an ideal environment for microbial growth.

Do not climb with your hands, do not feel the place of the extracted tooth, do not pick there with toothpicks. Besides the fact that it can lead to infection, such actions are often traumatic and can disrupt the integrity of the blood clot.

The dentist can also help prevent inflammation. Observing the rules of sanitation, using only sterile instruments, and also carrying out the operation according to all the rules of the removal technique, he can help the patient to protect himself from possible complications.

Alveolitis is a rather complex disease that is very painful for a person. The more it is started, the more unpleasant the symptoms of the disease and the more difficult it is to cure it. Therefore, it is necessary to consult a doctor at the slightest suspicion. The sooner medical assistance is provided, the faster the recovery will come and the lower the likelihood of developing serious complications.

Tooth extraction is considered a rather difficult operation, which sometimes leads to complications. So, the most common is alveolitis. We are talking about inflammation of the walls of the hole where the tooth was extracted. You need to remember about the possible symptoms of this disease in order to start treatment on time.

Causes

• In most cases, alveolitis appears due to trauma to the walls of the hole. They are quite thin, so if handled carelessly, they can be damaged or completely broken. In addition, when bone is destroyed, debris can enter the wound, causing infection. The risk of alveolitis increases significantly when a wisdom tooth is removed.
• A common cause of the disease is lack of sterility teeth, gums and soft tissues. It is worth noting that even with the use of serious antiseptics, it is not possible to achieve absolute sterility. This is due to the fact that tooth extraction is often prescribed in the presence of purulent complications.
• With a weakened immune system, the body may not be able to cope with bacteria, even if you take antibiotics. For this reason, it is not recommended to remove teeth in case of acute infections of the mouth and nasopharynx, as well as exacerbation of chronic diseases. After the removal procedure, contact with patients who have sore throat, colds or other contagious diseases should be avoided. Moreover, in some cases, a preventive course of antibiotics is prescribed. This applies to the elderly, patients with diabetes, cancer and AIDS.
• After tooth extraction in the socket a blood clot forms... If this does not happen, food particles will remain here, which will lead to the multiplication of microorganisms that cause alveolitis. Therefore, before the operation, it is necessary to check the blood clotting, and also warn the dentist-surgeon that you are taking warfarin, aspirin or anticoagulants.
• Another cause of alveolitis is a neglect of one's own health. So, some patients after removal do not follow the doctor's recommendations. They don't rinse their mouths, use toothpicks, and check with their fingers to see if the area is healing.

The main symptoms

As a rule, at the initial stage, alveolitis is practically invisible, but it gradually progresses, that is, it spreads in width and depth. The first symptoms are observed after 2-3 days p after tooth extraction.

Forms of the disease

1. Serous alveolitis manifests itself as constant aching pains that intensify in the process of absorbing food. In general, the condition of the body is satisfactory, and the temperature does not rise. On close examination in the oral cavity, you can notice the absence or insufficient amount of a blood clot in the hole. Food debris is also visible here. The serous form develops within 3 days after tooth extraction. If you do not start treatment within a week, complications will appear.
2. Purulent alveolitis characterized by severe pain, unpleasant putrid odor, weakness, fever up to 38º C, pallor of the skin. The pain makes it difficult for the patient to eat. The soft tissues gradually swell, while the asymmetry of the face is observed. Lymph nodes often enlarge. On examination, a gray tinge and hyperemia are noticeable, and on palpation, the patient complains of pain.
3. Chronic purulent alveolitis characterized by a decrease in inflammation and partial stabilization of the patient's condition. If you carefully examine the oral cavity, you can notice the growth of soft tissues near the damaged hole. In addition, small gaps appear between the tissues and the bone wall. Pus comes out of the hole, and the mucous membrane swells and can become cyanotic.

Diagnostics

You can determine the presence of alveolitis at home. This disease is evidenced by pain in the area of ​​the hole, fever, redness and swelling, as well as general weakness.

With a thorough examination, the dentist will diagnose and select medications, as well as prescribe the appropriate procedures. To clarify the diagnosis, it is necessary to take a blood test.

For diagnostics at home, you can use a thermal imager, with which the temperature of individual parts of the body is measured, namely in the oral region where the tooth was extracted.

Treatment

Alveolitis treatment begins immediately after the first signs are detected.

Conservative treatment

Most dentists opt for conservative therapy, which involves taking antibiotics, NVIDs and antiseptics.

When choosing an antibiotic, it is necessary to build on the fact that the active substance must quickly penetrate into soft tissues, as well as bones. The following drugs meet these requirements: josamycin, sumamed, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, lincomycin and amikacin.

Antiseptics are used to rinse the mouth and rinse the well directly. It can be chlorhexidine, corsodil, furacilin, stomatidin, or hexoral.

Anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed to relieve pain. It is best to give preference to ibuprofen, voltaren, diclofenac or ketorol. If the intake of such medication lasts for several days, then it is necessary to additionally take omeprazole.

Since with alveolitis painful sensations are the result of constant irritation of the trigeminal nerve, experts prescribe finlepsin. This drug fights pain of neurological origin.

Often appointed local anesthetics... We are talking about the use of lidocaine or novocaine.

Surgical intervention

Prophylaxis

To avoid the formation of alveolitis and possible complications, you must follow these recommendations:

To avoid possible complications, it is necessary adhere to all recommendations in the postoperative period. If unpleasant symptoms appear, you should urgently consult a doctor in order to timely begin treatment of alveolitis.

Beautiful and healthy teeth

Alveolitis- purulent inflammation of the tooth socket, which develops after tooth extraction, provided that the infection enters the wound. Occurs within three days from the moment. It can also appear in the absence of a blood clot or its insufficient protection, when an unhealed wound becomes infected with rotting saliva and food particles. The consequences can be serious. One of them is alveolar osteitis, when purulent foci are formed inside.

Blood infection, sepsis, is fatal, occurs in 2% of cases.

Of all the complications of tooth extraction, alveolitis ranges from 24 to 40%. Women get sick more often (57%), since their hormones can dissolve blood clots. In girls, the risk of complications is minimal. It may sound strange, but alveolitis is a seasonal condition. The most common cases of alveolitis are spring and winter. Very rare in autumn.

Socket healing mechanism

A complication occurs if:

• bone notch after surgery will be improperly processed;
• the dentist's recommended procedures were not followed.

Leakage of blood is a sign of high-quality tooth extraction. After half an hour, it stops as a result of the formation of a blood clot, which plays a protective role. Further, the wound heals calmly, and the red clot may turn yellow on the second day. It heals within a week, in difficult cases up to 2-3 weeks, and completely in 2-3 months.

Alveolitis of the hole after tooth extraction

Inflammation of the alveoli can occur during a complex operation that requires additional manipulations:

• if the tooth is fragile and crumbles when captured by the instrument;
• crooked and long roots;
• the tooth is partially hidden in the gum;
• only the root is available.

Why does the development of pathology begin:

• Lack or violation of well protection.
• Cystic purulent formations on the roots ()
• Getting into the wound of particles of tartar, fragments.
• adjacent teeth.
• Weak immunity.
• Eating solid food before healing.
• Poorly processed medical instruments, or poorly cleaned bone notch.
• Improper oral care after removal: you can not rinse with different compounds, do not eat hot, carefully so as not to damage the protection.
• The doctor did not contribute to the formation of a blood clot.

Symptoms of alveolitis after tooth extraction

The signals of inflammation are quite noticeable and different from other disorders.
Alveolitis of the hole after tooth extraction of a serous nature. During the first three days, a normal state, no fever, aching pain is felt more strongly while eating. Blood clot is missing or unreliable, food accumulates. After 7 days, it may turn into a purulent form.

• Purulent alveolitis. High fever, vibrating gum pain, difficulty opening the mouth, rotting smell, weakness, swelling, swelling and tenderness of the lymph nodes. In the mouth, pink with gray bloom.
• Purulent alveolitis of a chronic nature. Signs of purulent inflammation are erased. Soft tissue grows, a gap is formed, pus continues to stand out, cyanosis appears.

In patients with diabetes mellitus, one disease aggravates the course of another. The inflammation lasts longer and is more pronounced with bone involvement. The disease develops faster. Painful sensations can be given to any part of the head.

How to treat alveolitis after tooth extraction

Treatment of inflammation after tooth extraction is a complex multi-stage process that requires the skillful actions of a dental surgeon.

1. Using anesthesia to relieve the inflamed area.
2. A solution of furacilin, manganese or other wells washing.
3. Very careful removal of the remainder with a surgical instrument.
4. Secondary washing with syringe solution.
5. Dry thoroughly with a sterile swab.
6. Sprinkle with freezing powder.
7. Applying a bandage with a special composition for anesthesia and disinfection: kanamycin, gentamicin and antibiotic pastes.

With serous alveolitis, the pain disappears completely at the maximum on the third day.
Purulent alveolitis is treated with antiseptics with propolis, camphorophenol. Injections of Traumeel's solution and others are given.

To prevent the development of alveolitis, the dentist can put medicine in the hole to prevent infection. If the alveolitis nevertheless developed in the hole, put turunda with iodoform.

Antibiotics penetrate well into tissues, for a long time they treat alveolitis, remaining in the focus of inflammation.

This group of drugs includes: "", "Azitral", "Sumamed"; Clindamycin, Lincomycin, Levofloxacin, Sparfloxacin.

Antiseptics include medicines for washing the postoperative wound.

These are: "Furacilin", "Miramistin", "Chlorhexidine", "Iodinol", "Stomatidin".

Anti-inflammatories are essential for pain relief.

These include Voltaren, Meloxicam, Diclofenac. Omeprazole is required to protect the stomach during treatment with tablets.

The drug Finlepsin brings to normal the mood, soothes neurological pain.

After the first two days, physiotherapy is prescribed:

• EP UHF per well with 10-minute daily impacts for a week;
• daily centimeter wave therapy for 8-10 minutes for 5-6 days;
• Helium-neon laser irradiation in the red spectrum of radiation up to 5 minutes every day, 5-8 days;
• use of modern apparatus DiaDENS, acting with microcurrents.

In the most severe cases, surgery is indicated.

Conclusion

Alveolitis is a clearly manifested dangerous complication that can be prevented by following the doctor's advice. For a successful outcome, it is imperative to protect the wound from the effects of bacteria. You cannot clean the open hole yourself with anything or anything. Do not use the damaged side for chewing at least a day.

Consequences without the necessary treatment

If left untreated, especially purulent alveolitis, a fairly rapid blood poisoning can occur. Treatment, of course, should be prescribed only by a specialist dentist.

As a result, diseases such as osteomyelitis appear. The disease is more severe in diabetics.

Home treatment is possible only for an uncomplicated form of inflammation after examination by a doctor. He will prescribe the correct treatment for your recovery and recovery.

Alveolitis is an infectious inflammation of the jaw socket and the surrounding gums. This is the most common complication that develops after tooth extraction and is often accompanied by trauma to the bone and adjacent tissues.

Another name for alveolitis is dry socket syndrome. This is due to the pathogenesis of the disease: after tooth extraction, a blood clot forms in the cavity, protecting it from infections and mechanical damage. The destruction of this thrombus occurs up to the exposure of the alveolar bone and triggers the inflammatory process.

Alveolitis can be provoked by the following factors:

Interesting to know! In women, a clot formation disorder can cause high levels of estrogen in the blood during menstruation or after taking contraceptives.

Types and symptoms

Alveolitis may be almost invisible at the initial stage, but it progresses rapidly, spreading to the surrounding tissues and deep into the cavity. 2-3 days after the tooth extraction operation, the first symptoms appear:

• discomfort in the area of ​​the hole;
• mild pain while eating;
• discomfort when opening the mouth;
• headache, fatigue, feeling of weakness;
• pulling pains in muscles and joints;
• temperature increase;
• swelling, redness of the gums;
• enlargement of the submandibular lymph nodes;
• nausea, vomiting.

With alveolitis, you can visually observe a significant decrease or absence of a blood clot in the hole and suppuration. As the pathology develops, pain in the area of ​​the extracted tooth grows, becomes shooting and begins to radiate to the temporal region. Over time, the pain syndrome covers most of the jaw.

As the inflammation becomes acute, the temperature can rise to 38-39 degrees. With advanced alveolitis, the affected tissues acquire a bluish tint - necrosis begins.

Carefully! Untimely treatment of alveolitis threatens the development of complications, the most common of which are flux, abscess, phlegmon.

Forms of the disease

Doctors distinguish several forms of alveolitis, which have their own characteristic symptoms:

Interesting to know! The risk of alveolitis increases when teeth are removed from the lower jaw, especially wisdom teeth.

Surgical intervention

The task of the first stage of treatment of alveolitis is to remove all foreign objects from the hole: fragments of a tooth, bones, products of necrotic processes, food debris. Curettage (cleaning the hole) is a mandatory procedure, without which a complete cure of pathology is impossible.

How is curettage:

• conducting local anesthesia;
• scraping of foreign bodies;
• drainage of the hole - removal of its liquid contents;
• rinsing the cavity with an antiseptic;
• filling the hole with iodoform turunda - an antiseptic.

After the procedure, the doctor prescribes a course of medication. Since the turunda needs to be changed every 4-5 days, until complete recovery, you will have to visit the clinic at least 2-3 times. In the process, the dentist will check the condition of the hole and, if necessary, perform a second scraping.

In the case of deep infection, localized nerve freezing may be necessary. Sometimes the doctor additionally prescribes special physiotherapy procedures.

Drug therapy

After the curettage, the doctor prescribes drug treatment, which includes antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and topical antiseptic treatment.

Antibiotics are supposed to kill pathogens in soft tissues and bones. Best suited for the treatment of alveolitis:

• Amoxiclav;
• Unidox Solutab;
• Levofloxacin;
• Sumamed;
• Josamycin;
• Amikacin.

Anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed to relieve pain. In some situations, drugs are prescribed to relieve neurological pain: inflammation of the hole causes severe irritation of the trigeminal nerve, which causes pain syndrome. For other cases, the following anti-inflammatory drugs are suitable:

• Ibuprofen;
• Voltaren;
• Diclofenac;
• Ketorol.

For daily rinses and antiseptic baths, chlorhexidine or a weak solution of potassium permanganate is used.

When the inflammation subsides, the doctor may additionally prescribe epithelial drugs to accelerate tissue regeneration. The patient can carry out the treatment of the hole with these means independently.

Absolutely forbidden! With alveolitis, you cannot limit yourself to drug therapy and carry it out yourself. Without cleansing, such self-medication will at best ease the symptoms of inflammation, but will not lead to healing!

Secondary blood clot formation

The second method of treating alveolitis is the artificial formation of a blood clot in the hole. At the same time, it will heal much faster than with the laying of antiseptic drugs. This method of treatment is possible in the following situations:

1. Seeing a doctor immediately after washing out or falling out of a blood clot from the hole. In this case, the infected oral fluid with food debris does not have time to accumulate in the cavity.
2. The patient suffers from prolonged, sluggish alveolitis, and there are many inflammatory granulomas in the hole.

How is the procedure performed:

1. If there are granulomas in the hole, they are removed;
2. The bony walls of the socket are scraped out with a curettage spoon to cause bleeding. It fills with blood - a new blood clot forms.
3. An anti-inflammatory agent is placed in the cavity.
4. Sutures are applied to the mucous membrane to tighten the edges of the wound.

After the procedure, the patient is prescribed antibiotics. With a successful thrombus formation, the hole heals naturally, and the process takes much less time.

Home treatment

When the first symptoms of alveolitis appear, before going to the doctor, you can rinse your mouth with a heated solution of hydrogen peroxide, take an anesthetic. This will help slow down the inflammation and prevent complications from developing.

If at the reception the dentist did not find foreign bodies in the hole and performed the treatment by creating a secondary blood clot, you can use folk remedies to accelerate the regeneration process.

Carefully! Treatment of alveolitis at home should be under the supervision of a physician. If the disease has developed after the removal of a wisdom tooth, the use of folk remedies is unacceptable.

For rinsing, herbal infusions with antiseptic properties are used:

• chamomile;
• sage;
• plantain;
• St. John's wort;
• marshmallow medicinal;
• oregano;
• pion.

To prepare the broth, a teaspoon of dry raw materials is poured with a glass of boiling water, allowed to brew and cool, after which it is filtered and used for rinsing. The most popular home remedy for alveolitis is chamomile. It is recommended on forums as an effective anti-inflammatory and local pain reliever.

Carefully! It is impossible to rinse your mouth too vigorously, so as not to wash out the blood clot. It is enough just to put the solution in your mouth and hold it for a couple of minutes.

Besides herbs, baking soda works well for rinsing. To prepare the solution, a teaspoon of the substance is quenched in a glass of boiling water. It is advisable to rinse every hour, after which you can not eat or drink for 15-30 minutes.

Carefully! It is undesirable to rinse your mouth with alcohol-based solutions, as they are too aggressive.

- post-traumatic infection and inflammation of the tooth socket after tooth extraction. It is characterized by severe pain in the hole, violation of the general condition (weakness, fever, headache), enlargement of the submandibular lymph nodes, unpleasant, putrid odor from the mouth. Within a few days, alveolitis can develop into limited osteomyelitis (purulent fusion of the jaw bone). Treatment of alveolitis consists in cleansing the hole, followed by regular rinsing with an antiseptic solution. With timely rehabilitation of the hole, the prognosis is favorable.

General information

- this is an acute inflammation of the walls of the hole at the site of the extracted tooth. Together with alveolitis, damage to the hole itself and crushing of the surrounding gums are observed.

Alveolitis reasons

Alveolitis occurs after tooth extraction. Normally, the hole should heal in a few days, and there should be no intense pain within a day after tooth extraction. As a result of the fact that the blood clot covering the wound has been displaced or has not formed at all, it becomes infected. Alveolitis occurs and the healing of the wound surface is delayed.

Violations of the postoperative regime, when active rinsing of the oral cavity leads to the washing out of the blood clot and exposure of the wound surface with its subsequent infection, are the main causes of alveolitis. Violations of oral hygiene, food ingestion, can lead to alveolitis. Untreated caries of adjacent teeth and inflammation in the oral cavity lead to alveolitis. Therefore, if there are no urgent indications for tooth extraction, then caries is first treated.

Post-extraction alveolitis complicates about 3% of all tooth extraction operations. When the lower molars are removed, alveolitis is diagnosed more often. Removal of lower wisdom teeth with difficult eruption in 20% of cases is complicated by alveolitis.

Clinical manifestations of alveolitis

Soreness is normal after tooth extraction. As the hole heals, the pain subsides and disappears after a few days. With alveolitis, discomfort and pain first subside, but 3-5 days after tooth extraction, there is a strong, sometimes throbbing pain in the hole. As the infectious process develops, the pain intensifies. The severity of alveolitis characterizes the pain syndrome: the pain can be moderate or unbearable throbbing. Soreness is observed only in the area of ​​the extracted tooth, but sometimes with alveolitis, the pain radiates to the entire half of the face.

With alveolitis, the temperature can rise to subfebrile numbers, the sensitivity of the teeth to cold / hot food increases. Sometimes regional lymph nodes enlarge, a bitter taste in the mouth and bad breath appear. Due to painful sensations, appetite decreases, salivation increases. If the hole of the tooth was quite large, then the alveolitis is accompanied by swelling of the face. Sometimes the general condition suffers, weakness, increased fatigue appears, sometimes secondary infectious foci appear on the oral mucosa.

Diagnostics of the alveolitis

The appearance of acute pain 3-5 days after tooth extraction and a prolonged healing process of the hole are the main signs of alveolitis. Chronic alveolitis can be revealed during preventive examinations, when at the site of a long-extracted tooth there is a completely empty hole without granulation tissues, and bone is often visible at its bottom.

To identify the presence of tissue changes and confirm the diagnosis of alveolitis, X-ray or radiovisiography of the area of ​​the extracted tooth helps.

The goal of treating alveolitis is to eliminate the focus of infection, prevent complications and preserve the rest of the dentition.

Locally, they resort to mechanical cleaning of the hole and to the subsequent washing out of purulent residues using a solution of nitrofural or hydrogen peroxide. To relieve pain, local applications with analgesics and anesthetics are used. The lotion is applied for half an hour, then removed to prevent the multiplication of microbes in it. The procedure can be repeated several times a day. The use of tabletted analgesics is impractical, since it requires large dosages, which is fraught with acute gastritis.

In the presence of concomitant diseases and a decrease in immunity, antibiotics are used. If the symptoms of alveolitis do not subside within a few days, then this indicates the development of limited osteomyelitis. With timely access to the dentist and treatment, alveolitis disappears within a few days, residual lunar pain can be delayed for 2-3 weeks.