«BRIEF REVIEW Issue 2010. TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 Getting to know IP 10 L o p o n t a n d i s 20 L e g lob e and flax s x y ... "

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World Intellectual Property Organization

SHORT REVIEW

issue of 2010

CONTENT

2 S ta m s t o s o IP

10 WORKING WITH LAW INFORMATION IN THE FIELD OF IP

20 D iv e g l o b a l services

30 A s tio n t o n u s ing u s u s u n t o n d evelo n tio n

38 g lobal inf r a s t r u c tura and s 44 g lobal ap roach to g lobal questions ROS 52 communi cations II 56 G e n a n g o n tio n F in an n s y

FOREWORD

This edition of the annual WIPO Brief provides up-to-date information and specific examples of the Organization's activities in 2010. Each section highlights the contribution of various programs to our strategic goals and provides examples of recent projects and results.

WIPO, a specialized agency of the UN system, is mandated to ensure a balanced, accessible and efficient intellectual property (IP) system. With this system under pressure from a rapidly changing external environment, it is my priority as Director General to take the steps necessary to enable WIPO to respond to the aspirations and needs of its Member States.

Work in the Organization is carried out in many directions, which will include both our traditional, core activities, and new tasks. The latter include finding ways to creatively use innovation to address climate change, food security and public health, as well as developing a global IP infrastructure to meet the growing demands on the IP system.

Efforts have been intensified to promote the use of IP by developing and least developed countries: The WIPO Development Agenda ensures that development-related principles and activities are mainstreamed into WIPO's programmes.

A fundamental part of WIPO's work is to promote a better understanding and respect for IP, while helping to promote informed international debate on IP issues. The WIPO Brief is intended to explain in simple terms how WIPO functions and how, together with Member States, we are trying to support the development of a comprehensive international IP system capable of responding to today's realities and tomorrow's challenges.

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WHAT IS IS?

Intellectual property is associated with the creations of the mind. it falls into two categories:

Industrial property includes:

patents for inventions trademarks industrial designs geographical indications

literary and artistic works (e.g. books, films, music, architecture, art) the rights of performers in their performances, producers of phonograms (as well as CDs and MP3 files) in their recordings and broadcasters in their radio broadcasts and television programmes.

John Silver Alexander Raths Oleg Filipchuk Jonathan Hill Fernando Alonso Herrero The IP system governs Photos: iStockphoto.com's ownership, distribution, and exchange of these intangible assets, allowing the creators or "owners" of IP rights to derive some benefit from their work or to profit from investments in creative process. in this way the IP system fulfills its fundamental purpose of stimulating and disseminating innovation and creativity and promoting market stability. Innovation and creativity are playing an increasing role in finding solutions to emerging global challenges such as climate change, food security and public health.

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WIPO is the leading intergovernmental organization specialized in the promotion and use of IP. Its various activities include:

Administering multilateral treaties and working with Member States to support the development of the international IP legal framework Providing services in global IP protection systems that facilitate and reduce the cost of obtaining international protection for new inventions, brands and industrial designs; provision of services for arbitration, mediation and other types of alternative dispute resolution Assistance to governments and organizations in the development of national strategies in the field of IP and innovation, in the preparation of an appropriate legislative framework, infrastructure and human capacity necessary to use the opportunities of IP in the process of economic development v Development of technical platforms facilitating the distribution of work among IP offices; develop open databases of registered trademarks, industrial designs and technical information contained in patents to facilitate access to knowledge Increase awareness of, understanding and respect for IP Work in partnership with the UN and other organizations to identify IP-based solutions that can respond to challenges such as climate change, food security, public health and other global issues This Executive Summary highlights the main areas of WIPO's activities, grouped according to the strategic objectives of the Organization, and provides examples of recent key developments and results.

HOW WIPO WORKS

WIPO was founded in 1970. after the entry into force of the WIPO Convention of 1967, having received a mandate from its member states to promote the protection of IP throughout the world through cooperation between states and in cooperation with other international organizations.

THE FIRST IP TREATIES The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of 1883 is the first major international agreement designed to help inventors from one country obtain protection for their intellectual creations in other countries in the form of industrial property rights.

The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, the first multilateral copyright treaty, entered into force in 1886. the purpose of the convention was to assist the citizens of its member states in obtaining international protection for their right to control and be remunerated for the use of their literary and artistic works.

WIPO's Member States set the strategic direction and endorse the activities of the Organization. Member State delegates meet in assemblies, committees and working groups. There are currently 184 Member States of WIPO.

68 intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and 271 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are accredited to WIPO meetings as observers.

The main policy-making bodies in WIPO are the WIPO General Assembly and the WIPO Coordinating Committee. In addition, some WIPO-administered treaties have established Assemblies of the respective Unions, such as the Assembly of the PCT Union and the Assembly of the Madrid Union. By decision of the General Assembly, Standing Committees are established for a specific purpose. For detailed consideration of any issue, the Standing Committee or any of the Assemblies may decide to establish a working group.

The WIPO Secretariat is located in Geneva. Its staff, representing over 100 countries, includes experts from all areas of IP law and practice, as well as experts in public policy, economics, administration, translation and information technology (IT).

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WIPO collaborates with other organizations and specialized agencies of the UN system in Geneva and around the world to effectively contribute through its activities to UN initiatives and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

WIPO's partnership initiatives include:

WIPO External Offices in New York, Singapore and Tokyo assisting in building relationships with numerous international, regional and national partner organizations external relations functions ensuring a coherent organizational approach to communications with the external community, including the UN and other international organizations efforts to mobilize extrabudgetary resources by seeking new partners and potential donors that can provide additional resources to finance development projects WIPO Voluntary Fund, established to ensure the active participation of indigenous and local communities in the deliberations of the Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IGC)

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Development Agenda - Recommendation 2 refers to the need for additional assistance through donor funding (setting up trust funds and other voluntary funds specifically for LDCs) to promote the legal, commercial, cultural and economic use of IP, with priority given to financing activities in Africa.

WIPO, WTO AND TRIPS with entry into force in 1995. Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) has begun a new era in the history of multilateral protection and enforcement of IP rights. The provisions of the TRIPS Agreement relating to copyright and related rights, patents, trademarks, geographical indications, industrial designs and layout designs for integrated circuits complement the international treaties administered by WIPO; the TRIPS Agreement contains specific references to some of these treaties.

an agreement between WIPO and the WTO on cooperation in the implementation of the TRIPS agreement entered into force in 1996. and deals in particular with the issues of notification of laws and regulations and legal support to member countries. Assistance continues to be provided to many developing countries (with a special focus on assistance to LDCs) that need to meet their TRIPS commitments by 2013. and by 2016 regarding medicinal products.

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The work of the three WIPO Standing Committees relates to specific areas of law: the first deals with patent law, the second - copyright, the third - trademarks, industrial designs and geographical indications. The Intergovernmental Committee (IGC) studies IP issues in relation to genetic resources, traditional knowledge and traditional folklore/cultural expressions. The committees are composed of delegates representing the governments of member states, as well as representatives of IGOs ​​and NGOs participating in meetings as accredited observers. In addition, many representatives of indigenous and local communities participate in the work of the IGC.

WIPO administers a number of treaties that set out internationally agreed rights, obligations and common standards for the protection of IP rights while balancing the interests of the general public. The Organization actively encourages States to accede to these treaties and apply their provisions. Large-scale accession to treaties and their consistent implementation help to maintain the stability of the international environment, create confidence in the respect of IP rights around the world, stimulate investment and promote economic and cultural development.

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PERMANENT COMMITTEE ON PATENT LAW (SCP) The Committee began to negotiate the conclusion of the Patent Law Treaty (PLT) and the Administrative Instructions on the harmonization of formal requirements and procedures. The PLT was adopted in 2000. and entered into force in 2005.

In 2001. Discussions began on a new legal document, the Draft Substantive Patent Law Treaty (SPLT). The purpose of the treaty was to harmonize the substantive rules of patent law with a focus on the definition of prior art, novelty, inventive step/obviousness, industrial applicability/utility, drafting and interpretation of claims, and the requirement for sufficiency of disclosure.

While delegations were able to reach agreement in some areas, consensus was not possible on a number of issues.

In 2006 Member States suspended negotiations on the SPLT, considering that the time had not yet come to agree on an SCP workplan.

June 2008 The work of the SCP resumed with a discussion on the report on the state of the international patent system, which provided an overview of current international patent issues, covering the various needs and interests of Member States. In 2009 Discussions at the SCP developed along a number of parallel lines. The Committee commissioned five studies: on exceptions and limitations, including in the context of public policy, socio-economic conditions and development; technical solutions to improve access to and dissemination of patent information; technology transfer; objection systems. The discussion on these issues continues.

EXCEPTIONS FROM PATENTABLE SUBJECT Exemptions from patentable subject matter vary widely in different national and regional laws. however, in many countries, exceptions fall into the following categories:

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PERMANENT COMMITTEE ON TRADEMARKS, INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS AND GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS (SCT) The Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks, which establishes simplified and internationally harmonized administrative rules for the registration of trademarks. It specifically mentions non-traditional types of marks such as hologram marks, motion marks, colored marks and marks that do not consist of visual signs, without requiring registration.

The Singapore Treaty recognizes the benefits of e-filing and e-notifications while taking into account the differing needs of developing and developed countries. An integral part of the treaty is the obligation of developed countries to provide technical and other assistance to developing and least developed countries to strengthen their institutional capacity so that they can better benefit from the treaty.

The SCT has identified areas for further development of international law in the area of ​​trademarks, industrial designs and geographical indications. An in-depth analysis was conducted of the legislation of Member States and the practice of their trademark offices in connection with the registration of three-dimensional, color, sound and signs such as motion and location marks, hologram marks, slogans, olfactory, tactile and taste marks. As a result of its work, the SCT has identified a number of converging positions on the depiction and description of non-traditional marks that can serve as a guide for trademark offices, as well as trademark owners and practitioners seeking new marketing and advertising techniques that require flexibility in identification methods. goods and services. At the June 2010 At the meeting of the working group under the Singapore Treaty, the members agreed to define standards for the display of three-dimensional marks, hologram marks, location marks, movement marks, color and sound marks. The Working Group decided to recommend to the Singapore Treaty Assembly, which met in September 2010, that the Singapore Treaty Regulations be amended to include mandatory rules for these marks.

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a certain geographical origin, having special qualities or a reputation in connection with this place of origin (for example, “Prosciutto di Parma”

Parma ham from the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy). While gu undoubtedly has value as a marketing tool, there is no international consensus on the best way to protect it.

WIPO encourages the use and protection of GIs and supports Member States whichever approach they take within the applicable international legal framework. the organization holds regional and international symposiums on various gu-related issues and organizes forums where stakeholders have the opportunity to exchange information and experience.

STATE EMBLEM, OFFICIAL STAMPS OF CONTROL AND EMBLEM OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS since 2009 all marks protected under Article 6ter of the Paris Convention and communicated to States Parties to the convention or WTO members through WIPO are freely available in the fully searchable 6ter Express database.

Conventions on Copyright and Related Rights are legal instruments that protect the rights of authors, performers, producers of phonograms and broadcasters and contribute to the cultural and economic development of countries. Copyright and related rights play a crucial role in protecting the rights of various parties and their contributions to the cultural industry, and in regulating the relationship between these parties and the public.

The work of the SCCR is devoted to the development of international norms and standards in the field of copyright and related rights. at its December session in 2009. The committee decided to expedite work on exceptions and limitations to copyright for the benefit of the blind and those with reading disabilities. In this regard, in June 2010. The SCCR noted progress in the implementation of practical measures to facilitate access to published copyrighted material in accessible formats and within reasonable timeframes. This includes ongoing work on the Partners Platform and the recent launch of an online forum to raise awareness and stimulate discussion on this issue. The discussions at the SCCR also explored the need to recommend to the WIPO General Assembly to convene a diplomatic conference on a WIPO treaty for the protection of audiovisual performances. The Committee continued its discussion on the protection of broadcasters' rights and considered the first and second parts of the study on the socio-economic consequences of unauthorized use of signals. A series of regional workshops are being held to gather views on the objectives, specific scope and object of protection for a possible draft treaty for the protection of broadcasters using a signal-based approach. June 2010 Committee discussions were for the first time transcribed and subtitled in real time for the hearing impaired.

SATISFYING THE NEEDS OF PRINT DISABLED PERSONS The spread of digital technologies has brought a new dimension to the question of how to strike a balance between the protection of copyright owners and the needs of specific user groups. more than 314 million blind and reading-impaired people around the world who want to take advantage of reasonable copyright exceptions and limitations. WIPO has developed a website, www.visionip.org, to provide a platform for IP initiatives to facilitate access by persons with print disabilities to information and cultural content. The platform was created in the context of an inter-agency effort within the UN system aimed at “delivering as one” to support vulnerable groups and provide them with equal opportunities.

in March 2010 WIPO partnered with the US Copyright Office to organize a training course to improve understanding of elements of national and international copyright law relevant to book publishing, film production and other copyrighted content for persons with reading disabilities. participants considered measures to facilitate access, as well as obstacles and restrictions that hinder access to relevant technologies within national borders.

WIPO also supports the ratification of the WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT) and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT), known as the “WIPO Internet Treaties”. With their ratification in 2009. The European Union (EU) and its Member States have increased the number of States parties to each treaty to 88 and 86, respectively.

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in September 2009 WIPO Director General Francis Gurry has signed an agreement with the International Federation of Musicians (FMI) and the International Federation of Actors (IFA) to support efforts to recognize the significant contributions of actors and performers around the world and improve the status of performers in developing countries.

in June 2009 WIPO has also signed an agreement with the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFIP) to promote, support and develop worldwide efforts to protect the music industry and related rights.

COPYRIGHT AND THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT

WIPO provides a forum for discussion and for raising awareness on important issues related to the use of copyright in the Internet environment, such as the emergence of new forms of licensing and the importance of digital content identifiers and rights.

In 2009 work was underway to improve understanding of the opportunities offered by the commercial exploitation of copyright in the digital environment. WIPO paid increased attention to the role of copyright in software development and new business models for distributors

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COLLECTIVE COPYRIGHT MANAGEMENT

WIPO assists countries in establishing or upgrading Collective Management Organizations (CMOs), developing automated rights management systems to facilitate access to international markets, and preparing model contracts and manuals. CMOs are extremely useful for copyright and related rights holders - authors, composers, performers, publishers and producers - to help them manage and benefit from their rights. Support is being provided to CMOs to ensure that rights management systems are available in developing countries that are compatible with international systems.

INTERGOVERNMENTAL COMMITTEE ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, GENETIC PROPERTY

RESOURCES, TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND FOLKLORE (ICGC) The globalization of the economy and advances in bio- and communication technologies give indigenous and local communities additional concern about the increasing risk of unfair misappropriation and misuse of their traditional knowledge and cultural heritage systems. These communities are looking for appropriate ways to preserve, maintain and protect their cultural and intellectual heritage, uphold their cultural identity and promote their own sustainable economic development, taking into account their collective values. WIPO's work in this area is to explore how IP principles can contribute to community-led economic development and equitable benefit-sharing using cultural heritage as a cultural and economic asset. The IGC is currently undergoing text-based negotiations aimed at developing international legal instruments for the effective protection of traditional knowledge (TK) and traditional cultural expressions/expressions of folklore (TCEs), as well as to address the relationship between IP and genetic resources (GRs). ) EXCHANGE OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE A project to establish a center for traditional knowledge in the field of products in the Indian state of Kerala

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The IGC's policy development and standard-setting activities are only part of the WIPO agenda for TK, TCEs and GRs.

The organization offers an expanded capacity building program in the area of ​​TK, TCEs and GRs. Demand for it is steadily growing and more and more diversified. A key challenge is to develop practical tools to enable indigenous and local communities to protect their TK, TCEs and GRs in ways that are consistent with their own interests and values.

Capacity building resources provided by WIPO include information on legislation, practical training programs, IP guides and information technology tools for addressing IP issues in the digitization of intangible cultural heritage (developed under the WIPO Creative Heritage Project), as well as a toolkit for protecting the interests of communities after the documentation of TK. The program also covers the protection of crafts.

Many Member States are demanding concrete results from the IGC after a decade of activity and, in line with

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WIPO VOLUNTARY FUND in 2006 The General Assembly established the WIPO Voluntary Fund through which the active participation of indigenous and local communities in the deliberations of the iCG is ensured. The fund finances the participation of representatives of indigenous and local communities from all regions of the world in ICG meetings. Their opinion significantly improved the understanding of the fundamental aspect and increased its influence on the work of the committee. ICG sessions are opened by a group of experts, chaired by representatives of indigenous and local communities, who raise issues to be addressed and share experiences with the full committee.

INDIGENOUS IP LAW STUDY SCHOLARSHIP The WIPO Indigenous Law Fellowship Program, launched in August 2009, responds to the need to strengthen the capacity of the rapidly developing area of ​​Indigenous Law and strengthen the capacity of IP law and policy for Indigenous lawyers and consultants on policy issues. Fellows must be recognized active members of indigenous communities.

TRADITIONAL CULTURE ON THE INTERNET in May 2010 WIPO has launched a new streamlined TK website available in English, French and Spanish. it provides direct access to all working papers and other material related to the iCG processes, clear links to capacity building resources, one-step access to key resources and databases, and a link to curricula. new Creative Heritage Portal contains samples

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The services provided by WIPO under these treaties (the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) system, the Madrid System for the International Registration of Marks, the Hague System for the International Registration of Industrial Designs and the Lisbon System for the International Registration of Appellations of Origin) are to facilitate the filing of applications for titles of protection in all Member States in which protection is sought. The increasing use of the Internet and online databases means that the potential benefits of such central filing or registration systems are only increasing. Both developing and developed countries can benefit greatly from them.

WIPO administers these global protection systems and provides a forum through which they can evolve in response to the changing needs of users - right holders, their representatives, IP offices or third parties. Revenues from these fee-based services provided to the private sector account for 90 percent of WIPO's budget.

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PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) The most widely used of these systems is the PCT (142 members). This multilateral treaty, which entered into force in 1978, offers applicants an advantageous way to secure international patent protection. An international patent application under the PCT procedure has the same legal effect as a national application in each of the States bound by the Treaty. Applicants, patent offices of all PCT Member States, and the general public benefit from the PCT system through uniform formalities, use of international search reports and international preliminary examination reports, and a centralized publication system. PCT applicants receive valuable information about the possible patentability of their inventions and have longer time to decide in which PCT countries to seek patent protection. In this way, the PCT system consolidates and streamlines patent procedures, provides relief from significant costs, and enables applicants to make important decisions in an informed manner.

In 2009, 155,900 PCT international applications were filed, a decrease of 4.5 percent from the previous year. The first decline in the number of PCT applications in a year in the Organization's history was due to the global economic crisis. Despite this, the decline in applications was not as sharp as expected, and last year's results almost reached the level of 2007.

PCT applicants are increasingly using software for the preparation and electronic filing of PCT international applications. About 80% of all applications are currently submitted in whole or in part in electronic form.

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Trends in PCT filings, 1978-2009 42.9 100,000 33.5 31.2 29.1 15.6 11.0 14.7 17.4 17.0 20.5 18.4 17.5 13.8 22.1 16.1 18.7 9.9 9.0 8.2 17.7 11.0 17.8 6.4 11.5 9.4 6.9 2.1 2.0 4.4

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1,042,934,833,836,7828 Cost of processing (CHF)

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1% 3% 9% 9% 2% 7%

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In 2009, the United States, Japan and Germany again became the top countries of origin for PCT applications. The Republic of Korea retained fourth place on the list of applicants, while China moved to fifth. In some Eastern countries

In Asia, the number of international filings continued to rise despite adverse global economic conditions:

positive growth was observed in China (+29.7%), Japan (+3.6%) and the Republic of Korea (+2.1%).

Applicants from developing countries in 2009 increasingly used the PCT system. The Republic of Korea and China received the highest number of applications, followed by India, Singapore, Brazil, South Africa, Turkey, Malaysia, Mexico and Barbados.

The leading position in the list of PCT applicants was taken by “Panasonic Corporation” (Japan), in second place was the Chinese “Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd”, on the third - “Robert Bosch GmbH” (Germany).

The highest share of PCT applications published in 2009 was in computer technology (8%), pharmaceuticals (7.8%) and medical technology (7.7%). The highest growth rates were observed in the areas of microstructures and nanotechnologies (+10.2%), semiconductors (+10%) and thermal processes and devices (+7.2%).

To encourage the use of the PCT in developing countries, the international filing fee has been reduced by 90% for individual applicants (but not companies) on the approved list of developing countries and by 90% for all applicants from LDCs.

MADRID SYSTEM AND THE HAGUE SYSTEM

The Madrid System for the International Registration of Marks offers trademark owners the possibility of trademark protection in the 85 member countries of the system by registering the mark through WIPO on the basis of a single application. A similar possibility exists for industrial designs under the Hague System for the International Registration of Industrial Designs, which currently has 56 contracting parties. Both systems offer expedited and cost-effective access to trademark and industrial design protection in multiple jurisdictions. Information on international registrations is publicly available online and searchable.

In 2009, the number of international applications for international trademark registration under the Madrid System was 35,195, a decrease of 16.4 percent from 2008 as a result of the global economic crisis. Notably, there was an increase in the number of international applications filed in 2009 in some Contracting Parties: in particular, growth was observed in Japan and the European Union, which are among the top ten users of the Madrid System, as well as in the Republic of Korea, Hungary, Croatia and Singapore.

For the seventeenth year in a row, Germany topped the list of top applicants, followed by users from the European Union, France, the United States and Switzerland. China continues to be the most frequently listed country in international trademark applications.

At the end of 2009, the international registry held 515,562 active international trademark registrations held by 169,939 different trademark holders, many of whom are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Of the total number of international applications filed in 2009, 35.7 percent were submitted to WIPO electronically.

The ROMARIN database, which is updated daily, contains detailed information on all international marks in force, as well as pending international applications and subsequent designations. ROMARIN also provides information on all international registrations that have expired.

As a result of a WIPO study on the possible inclusion of additional filing languages ​​(Arabic, Chinese, Dutch, German, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese and Russian) in the Madrid System, a pilot project was initiated with the participation of interested Offices. The inclusion of additional filing languages ​​will be subject to separate agreements with these Offices.

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In 2009, 1,681 international registrations were made under the Hague System for 8,872 different designs.

Compared to 2008, the growth was 10.4%.

By the end of 2009, the international registry contained 25,662 valid international design registrations held by 7,728 different right holders, the largest number being from Germany. In 2009, the most commonly used class of the Locarno Classification was Class 9 – packagings, packages and containers used for the transport or storage of goods.

Recent initiatives to improve the Hague System include the decision to suspend the earliest of the three acts that govern the Hague Agreement, which simplifies and streamlines the overall administration of the international design registration system. The emphasis on the Geneva Act of 1999 ensures greater compatibility of the system with registration systems in countries where industrial design protection depends on examination determining the acceptance of an application.

Starting from April 2010, it became possible to apply in Spanish. Expected,

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LISBON SYSTEM

The Lisbon system with 27 contracting parties simplifies the international protection of appellations of origin, i.e.

geographical indications that are protected in their country of origin because they have come to denote a product whose quality or characteristics are determined by geography. Between 1966, when the Lisbon System began functioning, and the end of 2009, 891 appellations of origin were registered, of which 817 are still in force. In 2009, the first meeting of the Working Group on the Development of the Lisbon System, established by the Assembly of the Lisbon Union, took place. In October 2009, WIPO launched a survey of governments and other stakeholders on ways to further enhance the attractiveness of the system to current users and potential new members. In addition to examining the results of the survey, the Working Group is also discussing a study on the relationship between regional systems for the protection of geographical indications and the Lisbon system.

IMPROVING THE TRANSFER OF INFORMATION In order to improve access to information concerning the status of international registrations in member countries of the Lisbon system, a number of rules governing the system were amended in 2009. It is easier for interested parties to determine the status of protection of an internationally registered appellation of origin in a particular Member State through a formal “declaration of grant of protection” communication mechanism, well before the one-year period for refusal after receiving notification of an international registration.

28 WIPO ARBITRATION AND MEDIATION CENTER The WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center is a leading resource for alternative dispute resolution in the field of IP. It offers specialized procedures, including arbitration, mediation and expert adjudication, to resolve international commercial disputes between private parties. The Center's procedures provide an effective and cost-effective alternative to litigation, especially in cases of disputes that may involve parties from different jurisdictions. The Center maintains an extensive list of specialized conciliators, arbitrators and neutrals from a wide range of regions available for proceedings under the WIPO Rules. These procedures can be carried out in any country, in any language and in accordance with any legislation, which gives the parties wide discretion.

Parties may use the WIPO Electronic Dispute Resolution Resource (WIPO ECAF) to resolve disputes filed under the WIPO Rules. WIPO ECAF provides for the secure filing, storage and retrieval of dispute documents by parties, neutral examiners and the Center, and these documents contained in the electronic file are available at any time in any country.

The Center also works with IP owners and users and their respective organizations to create alternative dispute resolution procedures tailored to the specific characteristics of recurring disputes in their fields of activity. Streamlined standard procedures and a robust dispute resolution infrastructure can facilitate the productive use of affected IP rights.

The Center is the premier dispute resolution service for trademark holders dealing with fraudulent registration and use of Internet domain names, a practice commonly known as “cybersquatting”.

The entire procedure is carried out online and leads to the adoption within two months of decisions subject to enforcement. 2010 marked the 25th anniversary of US computer systems firm Symbolics' registration of the first Internet domain name, with approximately 200 million domain names currently registered worldwide.

EPUS - A 10-YEAR STORY AND A CONTINUATION

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Mikael Damkier was adopted by ICANN on the advice of WIPO and has become highly sought after as a fast and cost-effective dispute resolution procedure. Since December 2009, WIPO has introduced a new paperless eCus procedure that removes the requirement for mandatory filing and notification of pleadings on paper. This innovation reduces the time and cost associated with filing disputes for eDR resolution and results in approximately one million page savings per year, making the procedure greener and virtually paperless. The first dispute resolved under the paperless procedure was in favor of Nokia, which regained control of eight domain names.

In 2009, the Center received 2,107 cybersquatting complaints. Although this volume is 9.5% below the 2008 level, it covers the highest number of individual domain names (4,688) in a single year since the introduction of the UDRP.

In the decade since December 1999, when WIPO initiated the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP), the Center has received over 17,500 UDRP cases. The Center actively cooperates with the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) by advising it of circumstances that may interfere with the proper implementation of the UDRP procedures.

In December 2009, the Center introduced the WIPO Mediation and Expedited Arbitration Rules for the Film and Media Industry.

Developed in collaboration with experts in these fields, these rules and related contractual provisions and agreements are particularly relevant to cross-border film and media transactions where parties require quick and cost-effective resolution of disputes that impede ongoing projects.

In May 2010, the Singapore Office of the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center was opened to promote alternative dispute resolution in the Asia-Pacific region.

The Center monitors developments in the field of IP protection in the domain name system and carries out strategic work in this regard. For the Center, the introduction of new generic top-level domains (gTLDs) by ICANN is a politically important issue. Thanks in part to WIPO's efforts, the draft ICANN Applicant Guidelines for Top-Level Domains includes a new dispute resolution procedure for trademark owners regarding, for example, the liability of domain name registrars.

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A wide range of programs and activities addressed to countries is aimed at:

Assist policy makers in incorporating IP into national development plans Modernize IP institutions, streamline office operations and develop human resources Assistance in the development and updating of IP legislation and implementation of international treaties Empowered corps of professionals, including awareness-raising campaigns and capacity building tools SMEs Develop and manage IP assets for economic growth Promoting innovation by facilitating access to and use of technical knowledge and information Strengthening mechanisms for regional cooperation Promoting public-private partnerships to promote wider use of the IP system Selected Regional Offices of the Secretariat WIPO, each with relevant geographical experience, act as focal points in the process of providing legal and technical assistance to Africa, Arab States, countries of the Asia-Pacific region, Latin America and the Caribbean. Comprehensive country programming and needs assessments based on consultations with national IP authorities and a wide range of stakeholders provide more opportunities for a more structured approach to the process of developing national IP strategies and plans.

The specific needs of LDCs are addressed by the LDC Division through the provision of comprehensive technical assistance, including Training with a focus on skills development programs Development of IP institutions to promote branding of products destined for export markets Use of appropriate technologies to increase national productivity High-level policy dialogue with ministries and parliaments Collaboration with other UN agencies and multilateral organizations Upon request from the above countries, legal and legislative assistance is also provided to them

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In recent years, WIPO has stepped up its cooperation with the countries of Central Europe and the Baltic States, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus region and Central Asia. Particular attention is paid to their special needs as countries in transition, where IP often already plays a significant role in accelerating economic and cultural development. As a result, there is a growing demand for programs and technical assistance of a more complex nature, especially in the areas of promoting innovation and technology transfer, addressing specific problems of copyright systems, protecting IP rights and encouraging entrepreneurship. WIPO encourages the exchange of experiences, lessons learned and best practices between these countries.

INCLUDING IP IN NATIONAL PLANNING

The process of creating an infrastructure for innovation and seeking financial and human resources is necessary to enable local innovators and research institutions to use IP and remain the owners, protect and use the results of their research. In developing countries, the process is accompanied by a number of challenges. For example, many countries suffer from a lack of local professionals capable of drafting patent applications, monitoring and managing IP assets, facilitating their creation and marketing, and negotiating technology licensing agreements.

WIPO assists Member States in developing comprehensive IP strategies and offers practical tools and training programs to help build sustainable national capacity in these areas. WIPO has also developed guidance to help research institutions in developing countries develop and implement institutional IP policies.

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: A SUCCESS STORY inova Advanced technologies are often the result of research in university laboratories. however, their path to market is conditional on access to the necessary infrastructure, funding and skills. university of

Campinas (Brazil) has established its own technology transfer hub, the Inova Innovation Agency, through which research and invention results are not only protected as IP rights, but also brought to market through technology licensing agreements with industry. Developed by the University's Institute of Chemistry, the Fentox reagent for both in situ and ex situ destruction of environmental pollutants is currently licensed to Contech Produtos Biodegradaveis and is available on the Brazilian market. A number of WIPO programs aim to help universities use IP so that they can benefit from the results of their research. The programs include training in patent drafting, licensing, and the establishment of centers of excellence in the field of IP.

- & nbsp– & nbsp–

FLEXIBILITY AND PUBLIC POLICY In response to requests from individual Member States or regional organizations, WIPO provides, on a bilateral and confidential basis, coordinated expert legal advice. Advisory assistance also includes an analysis and explanation of the legal and policy options available to countries under certain international treaties, taking into account the international obligations and national development and policy priorities of each country. Through consultations, WIPO answers questions about how developing countries can take advantage of the options and flexibility provided by international IP laws. These issues are of particular concern to many governments, especially after the discussions on IP and health held by the WTO in Doha.

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The development of the human capital of countries is a key factor in taking full advantage of the national and international IP systems. The numerous education and training programs of the WIPO Academy contribute to the development of these human resources.

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designed for inspection, repair, replacement of failed screws in the device and

for installation in ki bus soli

vertically

hell set

locally. He

housed in the hull

and cover

f u t lyara b sso li.

Moisture absorption

pre-date value

satur ated

absorber installed

n a boo sso. For this

open the cap

in lago absorber

put

instead of

filmed

s bu sso li

in the absorber 67 (Fig. 3.7).

The plumb bob is intended for installation of a bussol of a strand over a given point

locality. On the

go lo in ke

t r o gi im e t

special

which the

There is a loop on the plumb bob cord.

Screwdriver (2

intended

o n r t s in an ia

in in t about in at

o inspect and repair

device

designed for drilling into the water absorber.

The napkin is intended for cleaning the optics of the instrument.

Screws M 2x4

intended

for replacement

in the past

out of service

in t about in the device. It is located in

a rack of a bussole case under a cork.

pre-date value

in time

feathers in o in

in operation. After

at the end of work, roll up the case,

o bv yazat u r o m i

attach to a carabiner, to a case. Laying che hla in						the case is produced after
pre-drying and cleaning.
			3.10. Fu aphids
Bu sso l and	not at risk				duralumin		(plastic)
cases.
In case	bu sso is the treasure in the ayut xia:			busso l, azim u t al			n attachment, spare parts,
form u lyar and TOiIE. In the case of the peri-risk of the clade, there is a per-risk.
On the cases, the beads and			shoulder straps included					and for
attaching the cases		n and on clearly m r m n e.
		3.11. A winter nozzle A N B 1M
Azim u t aln			before date			o de le n ia		directions
of the true meridian – the pole of the World according to the location of the stars in the sky α

(alpha) and β (beta) constellations Ursa Minor, determination of true azimuths

stars

The main and parts of the azimuth nozzle and are the sight 6 (Fig. 3.14),

axle box11 with vertical aiming mechanism and level 7.

Scope 6 is a spotting scope with a scoular, located at an angle of 90° to its axis, and consists of on the movable and movable parts. The rotation of the moving part and the viewfinder is carried out through the handle.

Fig.3.14. A winterizing nozzle A N B1M:

6-finder; 7-level sheep; 8-r uk oyat to a; 9-hom ut ik; 10-screw; 11-bookcase with a mechanism for vertical aiming; 12-screw

Sun focusing on the eyepiece is installed Rolled to the right light filter (light filter rNS 10 - when observing the bright Sun, light filter NS 9 - under weak haze).

The sight reticle is installed in the focal plane of the ocular lens and is a glass plane parallel to the plane uplast in ku. Small bisector 66 (Fig.3.15) in the form of a scale, large bisector 72, square 69 and crosshair 70.

The small bisector 66 (scale) is used to introduce the outer image of the star

To take into account the apparent displacement of the star α relative to the pole of the World

for attaching the azimuth attachment to the tube of the bussalt and the vertical aiming of the sight.

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	Rough V e r tically	in izira, e if		vy rn u t, bushing,
body, and together with them and all		freely rotate.
	smooth (precise) aiming of the optical axis		in izira (in	i n n i n g
within the limits of vertical angles) pre-assigned			vertical corners.

in the viewfinder they slowly rotate in the vertical plane.

Fig.3.15. View of the stars of the constellation Ursa Minor in the field of view of the reticle: 66th small bisector; 67-star α (Polar); 68-pol yusM ira; 69-k vadr at;

70-perek cross; 71-star β ; 72-large bisector.

Level 7 is used to level the azimuth nozzle. It consists of an ampoule, a right and a cork. Ampoule on the right is filled with plaster.

3.12. Operational documentation
Technical description and operating instructions (TO						and I E) PA B-
2А М (PA B-2А ) are intended for			study of purpose, technical data and
set P AB-2AM				purpose, devices and rules
operation of the azimuth nozzle AN B1M (AN B1).
Technical description and operating instructions (M&I) PA B-2M
(PA B-2) are intended for studying the device					and right	operation
P AB-2M (P AB-2).
F o m u l yar d o u t d u s t		n o u d s o u s o u s o u s o u s o All in d o ra tio n o f work
busso should the records be entered into		form lyar.		All entries in the form must be
only	che rn ilam i,	about the report		and neat n about. Cleaning, Marking and
uncertified corrections are not allowed.
3.13. Preparing brine P A B -2A M

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I. Checking the batteries

bat are th

work

device ro m

night

necessary

check

correct operation of the light.

Check voltage

batteries

bat are yah;

if

meaning

fits

necessary

about them

for charging according to the instructions.

II. Transferring the instrument from the stowed position to

bo e in o e

1.Install the heat exchanger

u st o ychiv o

you are with t e

so what would be good

work

sbu sso lyu (Fig. 3.10 and 3.11).

For this

you need to do the fol lowing:

Unfasten the timer90, which tightens the legs of the tripod;

Oh weakens you

88 (lower

lambs) hold them down

87 and, you dv in u in

if you need a length, fasten it to the clamps and 87 (lower and lamb);

Spread the r e n o gu, firmly

in o gnat bashmak aki 91 knifes in

ground

on the shoes, and tightened u t o si 85 hinged at the top and lambs;

Check the tightness of the 84 cup seal

head 82 tripods (must not

would be luft a).

work

kamenist o m

dep e rzshe m

gr n t e,

im m e

in you bo in,

t reshch in and

unequal, in

which

no matter what

put

shoe aki tr n o gi,

necessary

do it in

priming for

If you have to work in conditions,

tripods that do not allow them to be spaced,

t o w e t

turn the cup out of the tripod by pressing the latch

80, and, while rotating the cup along

clockwise, turn

wood, stump or hard ground.

2.Install the sso lion in the cup. To do this, you need to complete the following:

Open the case and take out the brine;

In s trate the bussol with the spherical fifth into the cup

and, holding it with his left hand,

right pre d u b

83 (fig.3.10) cups;

shaking aya

first of all

lock the captivity

boo sso l,

up to the beat

at the plant

bubble

sharo v o th ro v n i

ring

then

screw

83 to the end, observing the position

bubbles.

3. Set up a risk

na m o but ocular bus sso li

work due to

at the roof)

and fix it in

at least

in y y

provisions

(vertically or

n aklo n but),

according to the character

at the roof. For this

necessary

you complete it

following:

Open the case and take out the risk;

Install

u n o e

position

ne risko n

m o n ocular and

screw

71 (fig.3.9).

4. Attach the rail (Fig. 3.13)

b e in o e p o sition. For

this is not necessary

unfasten t r e m e n 107, insert su har102 of channel 108 in

ot v e rst ie

cracker 111

seam ra 104.

5. W o rk ing

sbu sso liu v

turn on the lights at night. For this

you need to complete the fol lowing:

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S t e s t e n t

pu go in itzu

100 (Fig.3.12 and 3.13);

Remove battery cap 93;

P u t out the wire

100 and connect p s e l

battery pack and 93;

Install rod 98 (Fig.3.12) on the tube of the mononocular and fix it with a clamp

in in t about m ho m u t and 99; in the key lam poo

v e hi o r o t o m

handle 95;

Install on the dovekin

tail” body of the self-nocular and

on the lining 115

(fig.3.13) rails holder 97 (fig.3.12 and 3.13) lamps

nets, pre liminarily

on the lamp socket latch

and fix the latch

in the grooves “last o chkina

tail” and overlays. The key is lam poo

by v o r o t o m

handle 95;

To illuminate the magnetic needle 15 (Fig.3.4) and the bussal scale, turn

handle 95 (Fig. 3.12) of the cartridge 96 of a portable lamp.

3.14. Types of maintenance of the bussol P A B -2A M

according to dde rzhan iya

correct

with s t o jan ii

are installed

the fol lowing types of technical service:

C o n t r o l inspection (KO);

D e a y

technical service (ETO);

Maintenance

Control inspection of the device is carried out before work with the device.

Every day at night

t echnical

service

conduct

use (combat work,

o u n t

two weeks if the instrument was not in use.

Technical

service

No. 1

Maintenance

No. 2

twice a day

Work on

te chnical service (except

TO-2) you are full of personal

with stav about m,

ko t o ry m

lock the cap

boo sso l,

hand in o dst in o m

co m an diro v

divisions with the involvement of a specialist in the part. Works on TO-2 are carried out by specialists and a master connection.

3.15. To control osm otbu ssoliP A B -2A M

1. External osm from the device. Have an external inspection of the appliance. Check the integrity of the paint and varnish coating and optical parts of the device components. Check the condition of cases, straps and other parts of the appliance.

	Checking the contents of the instrument		and Z I P.	To inspect
set of accessories according to the form ular.
	Checking the optical details. Carry out an inspection
lin z o kulara,		no
dust and dirt.		When viewing the lens of the eyepiece and	about object	note

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			in their internal surfaces.	In case of presence in lags
replaces water absorber.
4. Checking			mechanizm ov. M a ch o u t i s		I'm sorry
easy	of the stroke of the setting mecha nism and the reading			m e khan ism	o mea suring

horizontal and verti cal corners. Check if the magnetic needle is locked.

5. Checking the operation of lighting. Carry out a check according to clause 7

"List of the main checks of the technical condition of the bussole PAB-2AM".

3.16. List of the main checks of the technical condition of the bussol P A B -2A M

Checks are carried out:
Before leaving the house for training, classes, shooting;
Periodically, once or twice a month;
	changes in the place of dislocation;
When carrying out technical services.
	1. Setting up the ball level
P r a p a t		work			the upper part of the bus soli
horizontal plane				over the entire circumference		inspect
position	bubbles. After		each up to	air bubble gate		Sharo in oh go
u ro v n i n e	must not move		from the first		more

globular level division (0-01) in new bussols and more than 2/3 of the division price (0-02) in system bussols exemplary and warranty periods (the middle part of the salt should not

horizontal angles in more than 1/3 of the globular division in new bussols and more than 2/3 of the prices s divisions in bussols of the system and warranty periods).

		2. Equalization level of magnetic arrow
Install in the cup of the tripod						ball level and secure.
R azarre te m a n t y			r lku. Align the ends of the magnetic arrow with
	in de xo v. You ve st and		m agn it well yu		arrow out of position		equivalence,
along the bottom	to n e p e n t			(from a ve rtku	etc.). E n d devi ation in magnetic
arrows		b e b u r e		in position		equally after	are equal
kole ban y) by		the height relative to the plane and the index should not be more than ±
0.5 mm (approximately the thickness of the magnetic needle).

3. The uniformity of the indications of the magnetic needle

Preparing the cube of the salt for the test according to item 2. Bring the magnetic needle out of the equilibrium position by bringing the penknife to the side (from in e rtku, etc.). The ends of the magnetic needle must not hit the top of the in dex, but the north

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4. Dead travels in the reference mechanism for measuring horizontal angles and

vertical angle me chanism

Install the bussol on the t r e n o g e

sharo v o m u

at ro in n yu. For

o de le n ia

val ues of the dead stroke from the readout mecha nism

it is necessary to choose an object with sharp and contours, remote at a distance

100 m.

38 (fig.3.6)

me c h a n i s

horizontal x corners

side, on two sides

crossover

any point

far away

pre dm e t a and

withdraw from the account

bu sso flax m

Then, by rotating the flywheel and icho to th

direc tions, crisscross grid brushes

n about dki. Change

direction

flywheel rotation,

by two vest and cross

a n d d e t o n t o n d o n t o n t o n t o n t o n t o n t o n t o r s o u n t o r s o u n t o u n t o u s o u n t o u n t o u t o o o o o o o o o o o u s o n

Difference between two counts

in the face of a dead move. Check the dead stroke

from the count of the me chanism on the whole

range

bu ss scales coarse 28 (Fig. 3.5)

Thu from 15-00.

D o o t t o r m e c h a n i n m e n a n tio n s v er t ical angle mea sure ments

considered

m aho v icho k

m e khanism

mea suring verti cal angles.

Permis sible value of the dead stroke of the reference

mecha nism

zon tal angles

and mecha nism

new b u sso

up to 0-01, in bussole systems and warranty periods and up to 0-02.

For elimination

m e khan ism ah

the influence of the dead

results

angle mea suring

about tse ce

operation should

crossover

m o n ocular

Leads to the selected aiming point always from one side.

			5. Setting the zero point
Location		zero (M 0)								and 36 mechanism
mea suring		v erti cal				ko th o r o m			in izirn aya		m o no kulara
horizontal.
	ok							exceed 0-01(optical axis
m o n ocular		must be	parallel flax					horizontal			go out for
in e disguises y 0-01).
The location is checked by the fol lowing					about brand:
Set distance 100 m						of the device in the pole, on which you will make a mark
at the height level of the monocular lens above the ground;
C r o ss			grids on a mark						counting from	scales 33 and 36
V ertical angle me chanism						at h l n a klo n a A1;
Change places and devices, after that									make a second mark on the milestone
corresponding to the new height of the monocular lens above the ground;
C r o ss			monocular to the second mark and remove the vertical

Calculate the place of zero according to the formula:

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	A 1 + A 2
M0 =
taking into account the counts A1 and	A2 with its own signs;
If it turns out that M 0 is not equal to zero, then you need either			u chi s in at et u
in further work with the device, or eliminate the malfunction.
For ver rn th		according to error	remember	right silo:
“The positive error M 0 is subtracted from the angle of elevation measured by the bussole, and
the negative is added to it.”

To eliminate the problem:

Set on the scales 33 and 36 the mecha nism for measuring vertical angles to the value M 0;

Loosen the three screws 66 (Fig.3.7) on the end of the handwheel 42 and, holding it,

turn only				33, installed in iv	n a n e i n o l. Thereafter		in in t y on the end
macho v icka
	6.Parallel ity
A properly functioning periscope, installed on the monocular, not									but
change direc tion			lines ii in isiro in an iya.
Checking the deflection of the sighting beam is carried out as follows:
A n d u n o l e c u r o u t a remote							located
no closer
Set up the monocular vertically and periscope.
In the absence of defects in the periscope image, the image of the aim point is not
shift in front of the crosses of the grid of the bussole; IF OFFSET IS DETECTED,									next
MEASUREMENT	in e disguise			direction	d s			favorably
me khan izm and, on scales.
Optical				pe riskopa, fixed		v ert ical
m o n ocular, up to			be parallel to the optical			about simonocular

zontal and vertical planes. Permissible deviation value 0-01.

Proper lighting allows

work with the device

night time.

about e rki

about the light

necessary

turn the handles

(Fig.3.12 and 3.13) and

make sure,

what's on fire

lamps installed

cartridge 96

moving lamp,

chuck 97 lamps

grids and in e xe 98. If the lamps

hot, t about

need to check

battery

bat are yu; if

lamps, that means

burnt out and need them

replace spare parts.

P e rio wild

necessary

measure with a tester

battery voltage

bat are y. The battery voltage must not be lower than 2 V.

8. Changing the color of the dehumidifier absorber

Look at

see

in lago absorber

67 (fig.3.7)

Attention

on the color

swallow

in lags. At

CHANGES

absorber colors in lags

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need to be replaced. The decoy absorber (silica gel) should be blue.

9. Reliability of the fastening of the compass and the cup (support) of the tripod
C a rn t y do	at the top of the head		(fig.3.10) cup 84 t reno gi. Check, no
Does the cup rock when latch 80 is in				groove. Establish a r e n g	at st o ychi-
in the ground and fasten with screws			boo sso l in	cup. C ar rived	to u to ra
clamp n o m in inte	bu sso l n e to f n		and turn in the tripod cup, and the gap

between the two halves and the cup should be between 1.5 and 4 mm.

3.17. Rules for storing bus soliP A B-2A M

D To ensure constant combat readiness and long service life

Appliance is not required

storing it correctly,

Temporarily fix bugs

know the device and observe the rules of operation.

Long lasting

storage and the appliance must be in

light,

on the premises.

To categorically

prohibited

store it

in situ

and outside

pe th, radiat o dov

on the h e a t e r s. Keep the bussol always in a case on the shelf, standing up.

storage, you are only allowed to have devices that are in good working order.

on the premises,

where the devices are stored,

steel

a n d e s

items

be at a distance and at least

bu sso. In addition, in this

there should not be more alkalis, acids in the room

or any other chemicals.

Do not store batteries together with bu ssalts.

escape

razm agnichiv aniya

magnetic

arrows in o

storage

position the case so that the

magnetic needle was parallel

magnetic

meridian (the clasp of the bussal case is turned to the west).

storage

be about objects that create them

magnetic and electric fields.

storage

the instrument is checked according to

with the "List"

o n s

check the technical condition of the PAB-2AM bussole” (see clause 3.16).

3.18. Problem solving

Measure distances to specified

POINT TO LOCATION AND RANGE

grid scales;

Determining the values ​​of sinus in angles;

By breaking the battery;

Hanging the main direc tion

shooting before taking up a firing position;

may cause

violation

fastening

about optical details,

upset

of the optical system, in

result

what device

Disassemble

device r in

in sections

permitted. For ac c

work with the device

and to save it

correct

fulfill

following rules.

P r u s t in ke

bu sso li

consider,

what is the accuracy of the indication

magnetic

arrows affect surroundings

iron and steel

pre dm e t s. Such

products like

tools, motor vehicles, rails, etc., must

don't feel like it

10 m; items

av e g e s

(alkaline batteries,

weapon,

helmet, box

against gas, etc.) - no closer

0.5m; small

items (pocket torch, pen,

telephony wire, etc.)

Not closer than 20 cm.

H igh v olt e

power transmission lines show

influence

on a magnetic

the arrow of the bead at a distance of tens, and sometimes hundreds of meters.

	To set up the counts according to				scales, as well as when guiding the crosshairs
monocular at the selected point					in situ					in
	st o r o n at.
	R e g a t o f					in mode:
	Don't allow gifts			che r yak by		th rb arb o m u r e su		when switched on, for
	rych n u		ru ko yat ku	release release smoothly				in full		in progress
n arezki cherv yak v			wheel teeth;
		when switched on		it seems that the worm is piracy in					tops
necessary		press the lever handle again,							in e rn in

achieve correct engagement.

the selected point of work.

For in situ measurements, determine the angles 3-4 times and take the average value. After each determination of the magnetic azimuth, knock down the orientation

instrument and readout on the busso ln x scales.

	exact definitions		m agn it n		azim u t a n a			distances
take into account the effect of length		ne risko pa and		bring in		corresponding amendment
in the account, taking					amended			about ko lo 0-01,
	– about 0-02, etc. (at horizo			n t aln o m		the provisions of the per risko pa). If

slanted to the right - add the correction, if to the left - subtract.

Cannot tolerate the bussol without a case (even at a short distance) and not

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“W illed in accordance with I APPROVE: state requirements for a minimum content and level of training Rector A.R. Darbinyan in y...»

RAD Curriculum Standard

Title page

RUSSIA YS CO-A ARMY MYAN NS KY Y (SLA VYAN NS K Y)

STATE UNIVERSITY

(The format of the title page must comply with the requirements given in the appendix) (1)

C o n d e c o n c e s i s i s t o r :

state requirements for a minimum content and level of training Rector A.R. Darbinyan issuing graduates according to the indicated direc tions and R A U “Opopo R a d e d e p o r t a t i o n “___” _____________ 200_

approval of educational programs”.

Faculty: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ Faculty name Department: ___________________________________________ (1) Department name Author(s): _candidate of economic sciences, Turyan Karen Vladimirovich ____________________________

Academic title, academic degree, full name

TRAINING PROGRAM

Discipline: Corporate finance Code and name of the discipline according to the curriculum

For master's programs (1):

Master's program: _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ Program code according to OKSO State m u n u n i p a l govern ance Name of master's program Destination: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ Name of direction on OKSO YEREVAN Unnecessary to be deleted from the title page after filling Annotation The course covers the main range of issues of financial analysis.

It outlines the essence, purpose and functions of corporate finance, discusses aspects of making financial and investment decisions, financing projects, planning and budgeting capital investments, evaluating financial performance, and capital structure of companies.

The purpose and objectives of the discipline The purpose of this course is to present the main content of the discipline "Corporate Finance"; consider the system of basic management methods for various aspects of financial activity; to promote the assimilation by students of a new paradigm of financial management; to form the logic of making managerial decisions in the field of financial activity; Familiarize yourself with modern financial instruments.

- & nbsp– & nbsp–

Topic 1.1 Posted Value and Opportunity Cost Introduction to present value theory.

Justification of the net present value rule. Valuation of long-term assets. Introduction to perpetual annuities and annuities. Compound interest and present value.

Topic 1.2.

Present value of bonds and shares Valuation of bonds. Valuation of ordinary shares. Calculation of the capitalization rate. Relationship between share price and earnings per share. Estimating the value of a business using the discounted cash flow method.

Topic 1.3.

Benefits of net present value over other criteria when choosing investment decisions An overview of basic concepts. “Competitors” net present value. Payback.

Average profit per book value of assets. Internal rate of return. The profitability ratio, or the benefit-cost ratio.

Topic 1.4.

Making investment decisions using the net present value method Questions about discounting. Separation of investment decisions and financing decisions. Interaction of projects. The choice of capital investment programs in conditions of limited resources. Modeling choice in conditions of limited capital.

Section 2. Risk Topic 2.

1. Introduction: risk, return and opportunity cost A brief history of the capital market. Measuring the risk inherent in an investment portfolio. Portfolio risk calculation. The impact of individual securities on portfolio risk. Diversification and summation of values.

Topic 2.2.

Risk and return Birth of portfolio theory. Relationship between risk and return. Reliability and role of the long-term asset valuation model. Some alternative theories.

Topic 2.3.

Long-term investment planning and risk Beta measurement. The capital structure and the company's cost of capital.

An example of calculating the cost of capital. Determining the discount rate. An alternative view of risk and cash flow.

- & nbsp– & nbsp–

Section 4. Financing decisions and market efficiency Topic 4.

1. Corporate Finance and Six Lessons from Market Efficiency The difference between investment decisions and financing decisions.

Efficient capital markets. Six lessons of market efficiency.

Topic 4.2.

Review of sources of financing of corporations and issue of securities Ordinary shares. A first look at corporate debt. Preference shares. convertible securities. Corporate finance models. venture capital. First public offering of securities. Ordinary offering of securities by public companies. Subscriber role. Private accommodation.

Privileged subscription or issue of rights.

Section 5. Dividend policy and capital structure Topic 5.

1. General principles of dividend policy and debt management policy How dividends are paid. Making decisions on the payment of dividends. Disputes about dividend policy. Right radicals. Taxes and Left Radicals. Centrists. Leverage effect in a competitive economy without taxes. The impact of financial dependence on profitability. Traditional approach. MM and long-term asset valuation model.

Corporate taxes. Taxes on corporate income and personal income. The cost of financial hardship. Explanation of the choice of funding policy. The choice of debt-equity ratio.

Topic 5.2.

Relationship between investment decisions and financing decisions Adjusted present value method. Adjusted discount rate as an alternative to adjusted present value. Weighted average cost of capital formula.

Section 6. Options Corporate Liabilities and Value Valuation of Options.

Various combinations of calls, puts and stocks. What determines the value of options. Options pricing model. The value of future investment opportunities. Option to abandon the project. Timing option. The essence of a warrant. Essence of a convertible bond. The difference between warrants and convertible bonds.

Section 7. Debt financing Classical theory of interest.

Term structure and yield to maturity.

Explanation of the temporal structure. Accounting for the risk of default. National bonds, foreign bonds, Eurobonds. The contract for the issuance of a bonded loan. security and priority. Repayment terms. Restrictive clauses.

Innovations in the bond market. Project finance. Extract from the bond issue prospectus. hedging technique. duration and variability.

Hedging with futures. forward contracts. Swaps. Hedging with options. Leasing.

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Basic textbook Brayley R., Myers S. Principles of corporate finance. - M .: CJSC "Olimp - Business", 1997.

W. Megginson, S. Smart, L. Gitman Corporate finance 2nd edition. Thomson, 2007.

Basic Literature Basovsky L.E. Financial management: Textbook - M.: INFRA-M, 2002.

Blank I.A. Financial management: Training course. - K .: Elga, Nika-Center, 2004.

Body Zvi, Merton Robert Finance. – M.: Williams Publishing House, 2004.

Further reading Aaker D. Strategic market management. - St. Petersburg: "Peter", 2002.

Van Horn D., Vakhovich J. Fundamentals of financial management. – M.: Ed. house "Williams", 2001.

Marshall D., Bansal W. Financial Engineering: A Complete Guide to Financial Innovation. - M .: "INFRA-M", 1998.

Perar J. Financial management with exercises. - M .: "Finance and statistics", 1998.

Ross S., Westerfield R., Jordan B. Fundamentals of corporate finance. - M .:

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