Besides that. Except that Their presence, moreover, if
In addition, moreover, moreover, in addition, in the bargain Стр. 0496 p. 0497 p. 0498 p. 0499 p. 0500 p. 0501 ... New explanatory dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language
Besides- Frenzy. Also, in addition. Airplanes carry millions of people. In addition, they deliver various goods. It is not enough for a person to understand what this or that word means. He also wants to know why it means this, and not something else. (L ... Educational phraseological dictionary
Besides- see except; in zn. input word-of-mouth Besides. He was a kind, intelligent person and, moreover, a pleasant conversationalist ... Dictionary of many expressions
Union 1. Used when joining the subordinate clause of a complex clause (which contains an amendment to the preceding part of the clause), matching the meaning of the word: except that. 2. Used when connecting ... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova
except that- union Syntactic constructions beginning with the union "except that" are marked with punctuation marks. Moreover, if the union is not located at the beginning of the sentence, the comma is usually placed both before the word "except" and before the word "what". She is a girl ... ...
besides / this- introductory expression Highlighted by punctuation marks, usually commas. For more details on punctuation in introductory words, see Appendix 2. (Appendix 2) From such carriage conversations it turned out that the cashier Pritulyev and the trade student Vasya Brykin are fellow countrymen ... ... Punctuation Dictionary
and besides- union + introductory expression; union + members of sentence 1. Union + introductory expression. The words “in addition” are highlighted with punctuation marks. Thus, three robbers were sentenced to the death penalty, which should be carried out today: Dismas, Gestas, ... ... Punctuation Dictionary
FLEMINGIA GRAHAMIANA WIGHT ET ARN., PROVIDING ORANGE DYE FOR SILK AND WOOL (FLEMINGIN PIGMENT) FROM DRY BEANS. FLEMINGIN, ALSO,- Flemingia grahamiana Wight et Arn., Giving an orange dye for silk and wool (flemingin pigment) from dried beans. Flemingin, moreover, see 484. Shrub. F. macrophylla (Willd.) O. Ktze. ex Prain (= Mohania macrophylla O. Ktze.) is introduced in ... ... Plant Directory
EXCEPT anyone what, preposition with genus. p. Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
Books
- Tin. There is no hell, except that Alexander Shchegolev is nearby. Marina, a journalist of a scandalous newspaper, falls into depression and is thinking about changing her profession after the hero of her next article went crazy and was shot by a police sniper right next to ...
- Except Stonehenge, J. Hawkins. Stonehenge is a huge structure of huge boulders, built 4 thousand years ago on the Salisbury Plain of the British Isles. There is now convincing evidence that ...
1. Yermolai fired victoriously, as always; i - pretty bad (incomplete sentence, predicate omitted; construct parallelism). 2. Our business is to obey, not criticize (the subject is noun in the I. p., The predicate is the infinitive, the link is zero). 3. The earth below looked like the sea, and the mountains looked like huge petrified waves (incomplete proposal, omitted SIS link; parallelism of structures). 4. The artist's job is to resist suffering with all his might, with all his talent (the subject is noun in I. p., The predicate is the infinitive, the link is zero). 5. I love the sky, grass, horses, most of all - the sea (the second part of a complex non-union sentence is an incomplete sentence with an omitted predicate I love). 6. When I walked to the tram, on the way I tried to remember the girl's face (the main part of a complex sentence is an incomplete sentence with an omitted subject I am). 7. Through the huge black branches of larch trees - silver stars (incomplete sentence with the omitted predicate visible). 8. He will not get to his feet soon, and will he rise at all? (the second part of a complex sentence is an incomplete sentence with an omitted subject he; there is no pause, so there is no dash). 9. The river turned blue, and the sky turned blue (in the second sentence, the bundle became; parallelism of constructions of complete and incomplete sentences). 10. And the color of these fields changes endlessly throughout the day: in the morning - one, in the evening - another, at noon - the third (in a complex sentence, the second, third and fourth parts are incomplete, elliptical (subject and circumstance of time); part of the subject is also omitted - Colour; parallelism of constructions of incomplete sentences). 11. Who is looking for what, and the mother is always affection (in the second part of the complex sentence, the predicate is omitted looking for). 12. A tree is expensive in fruits, and a person - in deeds (the second part of a complex sentence is incomplete, the predicate is omitted roads; parallelism of constructions of complete and incomplete sentences). 13. In big people I love modesty, and in small people I love my own dignity (the second part of a complex sentence is incomplete; the predicate is omitted I love and addition in people; parallelism of constructions of complete and incomplete sentences). 14. The bakery was doing very well, for me personally it was getting worse (the second part of the complex sentence is incomplete; the subject is omitted Affairs and predicate walked; parallelism of constructions of complete and incomplete sentences). 15. Turkin - further. The author follows (incomplete elliptical sentences consisting of subjects and circumstances; in oral speech there is a pause between the circumstance and the subject, in writing - a dash).
Exercise # 31
1. Upstairs under the ceiling someone not that groans not that laughs. 2. Lukerya spoke softly and weak, but endless . 3. Empty, no command, with the flag of rebellion lowered The Potemkin moved slowly, surrounded by a tight convoy of smoke. 4. He was a thinker and did not hide it. 5. Usually consent or The coach recognized the refusal by the look. 6. Thoughts caught the artist then in the middle of the street then in a cab, then in the midst of a conversation with friends. 7. He gave money to everyone who asked. not so much out of kindness, how from a feigned gentleman. 8. Finally I hear not a boy speaking, but husband. 9. He was but loved ones but not a best friend. 10. Lisa's eyebrows Not really frowned, a wavered. 11. He can speak whenever : sleepy, on an empty stomach, dead drunk, in a fever. 12. However, there is always a place and for a dog, and for a gun, and for fishing rods. 13. There is an aspen in this forest, and Birch , and viburnum, a lot of bird cherry. 14. Sky then covered with white clouds, then suddenly cleared in places for a moment. 15. Grushnitsky hit the table with his fist and began to walk back and forward around the room (Lermontov). 16. Kiryukha and Vasya wandered at a distance and collected weeds for the fire and birch bark. 17. All feigned fun, self-control, restraint - all left Davydov at that moment. 18. She and erases, and washes the floors, and accepts babies, and wooing, and beggars. 19. Table, armchairs, chairs - all was the hardest and restless nature... 20. The professor immediately showed me all the necessary tools. how for catching butterflies, and so for unfolding their. 21. The defense lawyer did not receive an answer to his question, and yes did not feel the need for it. 22. Alexander's apartment but spacious, but not graceful and gloomy. 23. On the endless, free space noise and motion, rumble and thunder. 24. In serious silence, only Chapaev's imperious voice was heard, Yes whistles, Yes snoring of sleeping fighters. 25. I or I will cry or I will scream or I will faint. 26. These words did not seem to threaten anybody : nor her , nor running after him and overtaking her people, nor plant director, nor Savchuk. 27. Others flowers: forget-me-nots, buttercups, porridge, cat's paws - there weren't. 28. Tatiana in the table of contents briefly finds the alphabetical order the words: boron, storm, witch, spruce, hedgehog, meadow, bridge, bear, blizzard and other. 29. From the house, from the trees, from the dovecote and galleries - from everything long shadows ran far away. 30. Hope and hatred - both disappeared at once. 31. Dogs, horses, chickens - all wet, sad, timid. 32. In the morning in our hut there was not that smoky a somehow smart. 33. I could never indifferently see Not only cut down groves, but even the fall of one large felled tree. 34. River how stood and so costs . 35. From criticism of Protopopov, no one will nor warmly nor cold . 36. He nor man, nor master, nor a fish nor meat .
Exercise # 36
1. To lecture well, that is, not boring and useful for the audience, you need, in addition to talent, to have skill and experience. 2. Almost all young fish, especially some of the breeds not very large, are so beautiful, or, better to say, so pretty, playful and clean that the people in the south of Russia use the word “fish” as a word for affection, tenderness. 3. In addition to the hostess, I found four more guests, officials, in the dining room. One of them, an old man without a mustache and with gray whiskers, who looked like the playwright Ibsen, turned out to be a junior doctor in the infirmary. 4. Absent-minded residents of the capital are unaware of many of the experiences so well known to the inhabitants of the village and city, for example, waiting for the postal day. 5. On the farm, three versts from the village of Solomennaya, the scouts left their horses and went on foot. 6. In Crimea, in Miskhor, last summer I made an amazing discovery. 7. About ten paces from the entrance to the tunnel, near the highway, there was a lonely house. 8. We set off and wandered for a long time, until evening. 9. The next day, with five Yakuts, I crossed the Lena, that is, through the narrow channels that separated the innumerable islands. 10. The ringed seal, or seal, is a pinniped. 11. Narrow, for one cart, the road wound like a snake. 12. Both had an order to the military unit 113, that is, to the group of our troops stationed in Mongolia. 13. In fruitful or mushroom years, mushrooms often come across in groups, families, even grow twins. 14. The admiral decided to stay on the Cape Verde Islands, five hundred miles from the African mainland, and precisely on the island of S. Iago. 15. His profession was the most peaceful - a teacher. 16. Art, together with speech, is one of the tools of communication, and therefore progress, that is, the movement forward of humanity to perfection. 17. In this respect even one important event happened for them, namely, the meeting of Kitty with Vronsky. 18. Sometimes you want to do something - read. 19. The Germans badly damaged the Popovs' garden, especially the cherry trees. 20. The loud cry of their [swans] and the dull cackle, very different from the goose, was heard by all the hunters, including myself. 21. Senior navigator Truk served on a battleship in his line of specialty, that is, he was in charge of the ship's shop, made inquiries, and went to meet the chiefs. 22. He then turned six years old, and not only turned, but fulfilled on that day - May 1. 23. Bazarov lives as a bean and will die as a bean, and, moreover, as a useless bean ... 24. This feeling bothered him, especially in the first weeks of his command. 25. But don't you find that if everyone, including the best people, thinkers and great scientists, participating in the struggle for existence, everyone for himself will spend time smashing rubble and painting roofs, then this can threaten progress with a serious danger? 26. In addition, he was no stranger to admiring himself and his voice, characteristic of very young, especially beautiful, people who, even being completely alone, constantly imagine that someone is looking at them with curiosity, and behave as if on stage ... 27. Go home, and quickly. 28. Nikon was constantly angry with these two, and especially with the long, red-haired, cat-eyed Kolka, whom he called only Kolchaga. 29. It was incredible that one person, moreover with a heavy suitcase, would dare to go skiing on such a long journey. 30. For so many miles galloped, but in such weather. 31. Already in the Caucasus, I learned, and not from the captain, that he was badly wounded four times ... 32. There is a lot of nobility in people, a lot of love, selflessness, especially in women. 33. The most backward of the partisans, including the commanders of the detachment, became agitated and noisy. 34. He remained the same as before - calm, hardworking, modest. 35. Liza, along with everyone else, had to look for service. 36. In addition, quite unexpectedly, other circumstances appeared, which greatly favored the defendant. 37. During this exercise, it turned out that everyone on the boat, with the exception of only Sizov and Zhadan, was older than their commander. 38. In the apartment of Mrs. Kozlovskaya, except for her and her son, infantry lieutenant Romuald, no one lived. 39. This extensive work was interesting because, in addition to a general description of each region, its rivers and lakes, soil, climate, flora and fauna, historical destinies, life and culture, crafts and occupations of the population, it still did not describe in detail. only all the cities, down to the most insignificant, "provincial", but even all the villages and villages. 40. But we saw nothing but rusty swamp water, rotten bushes and sedges. 41. Besides, the picnic promised to be very entertaining. 42. The summary, with rare exceptions, was in line with what was planned to have. 43. In a word, instead of teaching, Styopa had to be on the premises. 44. In the wardroom, almost no one spoke to the baron, except for official business, and he was some kind of stranger in the friendly family of officers of the "Mighty". 45. It seemed to him that all children, with rare exceptions, are alike. 46. In addition to our usual regular meetings, from time to time there were so-called weekends, or large, "Wednesdays", which attracted many people. 47. Instead of answering, he tilted the motor towards himself so that the propeller protruded outward, and water flowed from the cooler. 48. He had a habit of saying "you" to all his subordinates, including people older than himself. 49. So, in addition to the commander, the ship's doctor, mechanical engineer, lieutenant artillerymen, navigators and political workers met me. 50. They went to see the place, but instead they found a huge new cargo port. 51. The car stopped. Now, except for rooks, human voices were heard. 52. I liked the story very much, with the exception of some details. 53. The count wrote a will, according to which all his estate, in addition to direct heirs and us, was given to Pierre. 54. No one, except for her valet, saw him without powder. 55. The doctor in a hurry, instead of twelve drops, poured as many as forty. 56. The soil of the Sudan Valley, with the exception of only the marshes at the mouth of the river, is extremely fertile. 57. The general assembly of the regiment was appointed at ten o'clock, but not a single company commander, with the exception of Stelkovsky, had the idea to give people enough sleep and rest before the inspection. 58. Everyone, with the exception of the commissioner, was doing well, and there was only talk about being discharged [from the hospital]. 59. The mood of the crew, beyond the usual, was upbeat.
Exercise # 37
1. Her eyes, now wide open and light and joyful, like day, now half-covered with eyelashes and deep and dark, like night, stood before his eyes. 2. Turgenev, like, perhaps, no other Russian writer, fits the title of master. 3. Kupfer, as one of the stewards, with a white bow on the cuff of his tailcoat, fussed and fussed about with all his might. 4. The thick foliage covered with frost was picturesque: yellow, purple, red as blood, it delighted the eye. 5. It holds and moves as magnetized, as a somnambulist. 6. He, as a “fatal” person, had to throw out some extraordinary thing. 7. None of the writers have such festive seas as Green's, noisy or shimmering on their pages. 8. Bunin is known to the majority mainly as a prose writer. 9. She seemed to be petrified. 10. His mobile, like that of an actor, his face became cheerful again. 11. To meet me, clean and clear, as if washed by the morning coolness, came the sound of a bell. 12. Sometimes it seemed that it was about to rain; but the outstretched hand felt nothing, but, looking at the sleeve of the dress, one could notice traces of drops, tiny, like the smallest beads. 13. Pulse like a hammer and cold hands. 14. It was fine, hard snow, pricking the face like needles. 15. She's just like a child. 16. If not for death, then perhaps A. Green would have entered the ranks of our literature as one of the most original writers who organically merged realism with a free and bold imagination. 17. The moon has risen crimson and gloomy, as if sick. 18. Sometimes you shoot a hare, hurt him, and he screams like a child. 19. Panteleimon sits on the box, stretching forward straight, as if wooden, arms. 20. But precisely because Alexandra Gavrilovna gets excited, she loses more often than her husband. 21. Cities are like magnets. 22. Traitors have sunk into the water. 23. As I recall the old concepts, it seems to be pouring over me. 24. And the whole steppe was covered with the fallen, like a swarm of black locusts. 25. As a woman, you loved your homeland. 26. Valya was summoned in his case as a witness. 27. She needs it just like we do. 28. It poured rain like a bucket. 29. Ever since pre-war times I have been following you as an ordinary moviegoer and I appreciate your talent. 30. I speak like a writer. I am used to looking at literature as revolutionary. 31. And this little story is nothing but fragmentary memories of those days of happy closeness to them. 32. It was evident that he was trying to get away from this large gray building as soon as possible. 33. But before him was none other than the hiking Egle, a renowned collector of songs, legends, traditions and fairy tales. 34. Days, like streams, run into the misty river. 35. Gentlemen, I think that you, like all decent people, have been in love at least once during your life. 36. Smells of oil as strong as in the church. 37. To Moscow, as to the whole country, I feel my filiality, like an old nanny. 38. I see, as now, the owner himself. 39. She is now again slender and thin, as before. 40. I looked at her like a fool. 41. We treated Vanya as our own person. 42. The robber ripped off the peasant like sticky. 43. She lived with a paramedic like a cat with a dog. 44. I answered him as best I could. 45. The earth flies like a telegram, the fields ring with an even ringing. 46. Vera Pavlovna was constantly in the workshop, and they had already managed to get to know her closely as a prudent, prudent, reasonable woman. 47. Urbenin and the Pole, as heavy people, preferred to wait for us below, on the road. 48. He was afraid of familiarity like fire and kept himself very dry. 49. From the blood of the dead, the sunset caked like a wound. 50. Like a Snow Maiden, the night outside the window is good. 51. Chichikov as a purchaser is no less, if not more, Pechorina is a hero of our time. 52. She was, like the little one, her father's favorite. 53. Vasenda, as a positive and practical person, found his fixed position unprofitable.
Exercise # 38
1. It seemed- "uncertainty, assumption"; at least- “assessment of the measure, the degree of what is being said”; stands out together with a separate turnover, since it stands at the end of this turnover (in his language at least). 2. Apparently- "uncertainty, assumption". 3. Really- "reliability, confidence". 4. Against- "the order of thoughts, their connection." 5. As usual- "the degree of commonality of the facts presented"; the introductory sentence is isolated from two sides, since it stands in the middle of a separate member of the sentence (exciting, as usual, the kids are amazed). 6. You see- "attracting the attention of the interlocutor." 7. As he put it- "source of the message". eight. you understand- "to attract attention". nine. To our indescribable joy- "a feeling of joy, approval." ten. According to Yermolai- "source of the message". eleven. In your opinion, in my opinion- "source of the message". 12. For example- "the order of thoughts, their connection." 13. So to speak- "assessment of style, manner of speech." fourteen. According to the ancient order- "the degree of commonality of the facts presented." 15. Fortunately- "a feeling of joy, satisfaction." 16. In my opinion- "source of the message". 17. In a word a dash is placed because homogeneous terms ( common sense, firmness and freedom, participation), followed by a generalizing word ( all the virtues). 18. Of course- "reliability, confidence". 19. Honestly admit- "assessment of the style, manner of speech, way of expressing and shaping thoughts." twenty. Hence- "the order of thoughts, their connection."
Exercise # 39
1. Realizing the enormity of his talent, Mayakovsky, but(an introductory word meaning "the order of thoughts, their connection"), always strove to be in the "buzz of life." Some of the poet's predictions seem naive now, but(union in the meaning of "but") they do not lose their charm. 2. Never Tsvetaeva tried to hide from life, against(an introductory word meaning "the order of thoughts, their connection"), she wanted to live with people. The gymnasium where I studied was located against Cathedral of Christ the Savior. 3. Yes, behold, by the way(an introductory word in the meaning of "assessment of the style, manner of speech, way of expressing and formulating thoughts"; can be replaced - by the way), he is light in sight. He did not know how to bow by the way, get in on time. 4. In the thin twilight of a summer night, her face it seemed paler and younger Small pink clouds, it seemed(an introductory word in the meaning of "uncertainty, assumption"), did not float past, but went into the very depths of the sky. 5. Here, they say(introductory word meaning "source of the message"), give points. At the next table they say about gold. 6. And if this is not the case, then, means(an introductory word meaning "the order of thoughts, their connection"), there is nothing. Remembering that it is means Kashtanka jumped into a chair. 7. He now has no one to talk to word... My uncle replaced my father with himself, raised me at his own expense and, word(an introductory word meaning "the order of thoughts, their connection"), did for me what my own father does not always do. 8. No, friends, it can be a hundred times worse, this exactly I know. Potugin, exactly(an introductory word meaning "confidence"), and loved and knew how to speak. 9. It happens so, and it also happens vice versa... Instead of slowing down, he vice versa(an introductory word meaning "the order of thoughts, their connection"), stood on the box and desperately twirled the whip. 10. The time will come when everything will change In your will live In your, and then you will become obsolete, people will be born who will be better than you. [Tuzenbach:] In your(introductory word meaning "source of the message"), do not even dream of happiness! But if I'm happy! 11.First look at his face It was obviously that he has no permanent occupation. The trail we took was rocky, wet, and obviously(an introductory word in the meaning of "uncertainty, assumption"), represented the bed of a dried-up rivulet. 12. Balyasnikov made a daring speech in which by the way said I was arrogant. Moral women, strict judges and, by the way by the way), Neil Andreevich blamed her out loud. 13. Truth and the fact that he had never had a chance to go about business before. "AND truth(an introductory word in the meaning of "reliability, confidence"), disgusting on your part, - said Valya, proudly lifting her upper lip, - when he returned, but did not come in. " fourteen. It is seen(an introductory word meaning "assumption, uncertainty"), they did not expect such a passage from me and did not give any orders on my account. It is seen it was that Paul's words made a deep impression on them. 15. Their patterned edges, fluffy and light as cotton paper, slowly but apparently changed. Apparently(introductory word meaning "guess, uncertainty"), you will have to start by studying these documents. 16. My wound was slowly healing; but actually(a particle in the meaning of "directly") I had no ill feelings against my father. Here, actually(introductory word in the meaning of "attitude to style, manner of speech"; can be replaced as a matter of fact), and a story, and its plot is not surprising. 17. At the moment conscientious and gifted popularizers at least(meaning "not less than") are as necessary as original thinkers and independent researchers. I feel like all workers at least(the introductory word in the meaning of "attitude to the expressed thought"; the introductory word stands at the beginning of a separate member and stands out along with it) the majority will stand under arms, if necessary. eighteen. One side silent distant mountains, on the other side the close sea rustled. AND, on the other side(an introductory word meaning “the order of thoughts, their connection”), Kirsanov maintained his role with the same impeccable artistry. 19. Energy comes from somewhere, and, most importantly (the introductory word in the meaning of “order of thoughts, their connection”), you do not feel tired. She couldn't remember her nightly thoughts, but main what was left of them and filled her being with that "something" that was, should be happiness. twenty. Finally the path was found, and we happily walked on. Sitting somewhere on a mound in the steppe, or on a mound above the river, or, finally (an introductory word meaning "order of thoughts, their connection"), on a familiar cliff, the blind man listened only to the rustle of leaves and the whisper of grass or vague sighs of the wind. 21. All in all(an introductory word in the meaning of "attitude to style, manner of speech"; can be replaced - generally speaking), the spring came out extremely long and bad. Made a few comments on various little things, but all in all very much praised. 22. Perhaps from my point of view(introductory word meaning "source of the message"), he is not stupid. I know it's a crime if you look at things in terms of general morality .
Exercise # 40
1. I must confess, it stunned me. 2. by the way, copying of documents is prohibited. 3. Of course, he clearly saw that I was dissatisfied with the assignment, that the assignment seemed strange to me and, to put it mildly, ridiculous ( and connects the nominal parts of the predicates - seems strange and ridiculous, so it is separated from the introductory combination to put it mildly). but for some reason he could not tell me more than he said ( but- opposing union, can be replaced with but). 4. As i expected, there was nothing in the folder except documents. My first impulse was to shove this whole pile of papers on the table, but I, of course, caught himself in time. 5. However, I must say, in my attitude to theorists, I am not original. Fortunately, I rarely have to deal with people of this profession. 6. It turns out, the chief is mainly interested in a certain Tristan. For his sake, he got up today at utter early hours and did not hesitate to lift Slonov out of bed, who, as is known, goes to bed with roosters. 7. But I am his, perhaps, I remember! Everyone called him (except Komov, Certainly) Lovushka-roar, or just Rovushka but not because of course that he was a crybaby, but because his voice was loud, bellowing. 8. This, most likely, does not concern me. But I have to know where he can go? To my mind, to go to my mother in such a state is indecent. He doesn't look like a jerk more precisely- should not be similar. Teacher? Mentor? It is possible. This is likely. 9. Since the boss did not explain to me why I need to look for Abalkin, means, it does not matter. And then I realized one more thing. Rather, did not understand, but felt. More precisely- suspected. All this abundance of papers, all this yellowed scribble will give me nothing but, may be, a few more names and a huge number of questions, having noattitude to business... 10. Most of the papers were documents written as I understand, by the hand of Abalkin himself. At first, it was a report on participation in Operation Dead World on the planet Hope. Secondly, there was another document in the folder - transaction report for planet Giant. Operation, however, was, in my opinion, trifling. eleven. As it seemed to me, this material was completely useless for me. Write such reports - pure pleasure, read them, usually,- sheer torment. 12. I'm not a psychologist, anyway- not a professional, but I thought that, may be, I will be able to extract from these reports something useful about the personality of Lev Abalkin.
Exercise 41
1. By the way, rumors about the scholarship of the university watchmen are greatly exaggerated ( by the way- "assessment of style, manner of speech"). Truth, Nikolay knows more than a hundred Latin names ... but, for example, the uncomplicated theory of blood circulation for him and is now as dark as it was twenty years ago ( truth- "confidence, reliability"; for example- "the order of thoughts, their connection"; but connects parts of a compound sentence and has nothing to do with the introductory word: Nikolai knows, but the theory is dark). 2. A painter helps me, or, as he calls himself, painting contractor (as he calls himself- "source of the message"; or in the meaning "that is" refers to a stand-alone application with an explanatory meaning ( painter, or painting contractor) and separated from the introductory sentence by a comma). 3. And this Greek teacher, this man in a case, can you imagine, almost got married ( can you imagine- "attracting the attention of the interlocutor"). 4. To my mind, the best thing you can do is leave medical school altogether ( to my mind- "source of the message"; before the pointer particle this is, referring to the predicate, a dash is placed). If you cannot pass the exam in any way, then, obviously, you have neither the desire nor the vocation to be a doctor ( obviously- "assumption, uncertainty"; no no...- a repeating union linking homogeneous members). But immediately I feel sorry for him, and I hasten to say: - However, as you know ( however- "assumption"). so, read a little more and come ( so- "the order of thoughts, their connection"). 5. Probably I don’t know, but, seems, this whole trick was deliberate, a not improvised (seems- "uncertainty, assumption"). 6. Among birds, insects, in dry grass - word, everywhere, even in the air, the approach of autumn was felt ( word- "assessment of the style, manner of speech, way of expressing and shaping thoughts"; introductory word comes after homogeneous circumstances before generalizing word everywhere, therefore, a dash is placed before the introductory word). 7. I will drive through the city, by the way and buy cigars ( by the way- the circumstance of the course of action). eight. by the way, he was remarkably good-looking ( by the way- "assessment of style, manner of speech"; can be replaced with a combination by the way). 9. Greasy cap, with which Bredyuk, it seems, did not part and in a dream, was pulled over his forehead ( it seems- "guess, assumption"). 10. He was indeed interested in philosophy ( Indeed in the meaning "really" is not an introductory word). 11. Housekeeper, at least, does not shave his beard, but this one, on the contrary, shaved and, it seemed, quite rarely ( at least- “assessment of the measure, the degree of what is being said”; on the contrary- "the order of thoughts, their connection"; it seemed- "assumption, uncertainty"). 12. In a strict sense, a person with ten, of course including me, were not worth this appointment for lack of sufficient knowledge and youth ( of course- "confidence, reliability"; stands at the beginning of a stand-alone turnover, therefore stands out along with it). 13. Someone ran by fortunately who did not notice us (fortunately- "joy, approval"; stands at the beginning of a stand-alone definition, so the snapshot stands out together). 14. His literary works, need to say pretty good, brought him fame ( need to say- "guess" and "assessment of the manner of speech, the way of forming thoughts"; stands at the beginning of a separate definition and stands out along with it). 15. From the next room, apparently dining room, the living room was separated by an arch heavy curtain (apparently- "assumption"; stands at the beginning of a separate supplement with a clarifying and explanatory meaning and stands out along with it). 16. Misfortune did not change him at all, but on the contrary, he became even stronger and more energetic ( against a is not separated from the introductory word by a comma, since the introductory word without a union cannot be removed from the sentence, it is impossible: misfortune did not change, but he became stronger and more energetic). 17. We know and therefore, we believe that fairy tales are given to come true and we visit Venus, may be, still destined ( that is- "the order of thoughts, their connection"; union a is not separated from the introductory construction by a comma, since the introductory construction without a union cannot be removed from the sentence, it is impossible: we know, but we believe; may be- "assumption, uncertainty"). 18.A Pyotr Petrovich, at least in many ways, a very respectable person ( at least- “assessment of the measure, the degree of what is being said”; stands at the beginning of a separate turnover with an explanatory and attachment meaning, therefore it stands out along with it). 19. Twenty times at least and, seems, for no particularly important reason, in one coat, he ran down to the sleigh and ran upstairs again ( at least has the meaning "at least" and is not an introductory one; seems- "assumption, uncertainty"). 20. Terenty made up for small locksmith work; but, At first, there was little work, and, Secondly, urgent matters took a lot of time ( Firstly Secondly- "the order of thoughts, their connection"; conjunctions but, and connect parts of a compound sentence and are not related to introductory words, cf .: Terenty made up for small work, but there was little work, and business took up a lot of time). 21. For them he is a hero, eh, confess tell, I imagine heroes differently ( confess tell- "assessment of the manner of speech, the way of forming thoughts"; union a connects parts of a compound sentence and has nothing to do with the introductory construction, cf .: For them he is a hero, but I imagine heroes differently). 22. Not a year, but, may be, Ivan Georgievich lived for ten years in one night ( may be- "uncertainty, assumption"; the union a connects homogeneous members and has nothing to do with the introductory construction, cf. Ivan Georgievich lived not a year, but ten years in one night).
Recently, a kind of cheat sheet for the Russian language has spread across LJ. I took it from here: http://natalyushko.livejournal.com/533497.html
However, there were errors and inaccuracies.
I corrected what I noticed, plus added information from my notebook and other sources.
Use it. =)
If you notice errors or you have additions, please write about it.
Memo to the editor. Part 1
Commas, punctuation
"In addition" is ALWAYS highlighted with commas (both at the beginning and in the middle of a sentence).
“Most likely” in the meaning of “very likely, most likely” is highlighted with commas (Of course, all because of the brandy and the steam room, otherwise he would most likely remain silent.).
In the meaning of "fastest" - NO (This way most likely it was possible to come to the house.).
"Quicker". If it means "better, more willingly", then WITHOUT commas. For example: "She would rather agree to die than betray him." Also WITHOUT commas, if in the meaning "it is better to say". For example: "uttering a remark or rather an exclamation."
BUT! A comma is needed if this is an introductory word expressing the author's assessment of the degree of reliability of a given statement in relation to the previous one (in the meaning of "most likely" or "most likely"). For example: "He cannot be called an intelligent person - rather, he is on his own mind."
“Of course”, “of course” - the word of course is NOT highlighted by commas at the beginning of the response, uttered in a tone of confidence, conviction: Of course it is!
Otherwise, the comma is REQUIRED.
Expressions "in general", "in general" are DESIGNED in the meaning of "in short, in a word", then they are introductory.
"First of all" are set apart as introductory in the meaning of "first" (First of all, he is a fairly capable person).
These words are NOT highlighted in the meaning of "first, first" (First of all, you need to contact a specialist).
A comma after "a", "but", etc. is NOT needed: "But first of all, I want to say."
When clarifying, the entire turnover is highlighted: "There is a hope that these proposals, primarily from the Ministry of Finance, will not be accepted or will be changed."
"At least", "at least" - are isolated only in the inversion: "This issue has been discussed twice, at least."
“In turn” - is not highlighted with a comma in the meaning “on its side”, “in response when it’s turn.” And the quality of the introductory is isolated.
"Literally" - not an introductory one, not separated by commas
"Hence". If in the meaning "therefore, thus, means", then commas are needed. For example: "So you are therefore our neighbors."
BUT! If in the meaning “therefore, therefore, proceeding from the fact that”, then the comma is needed only on the left. For example: “I have found a job, therefore we will have more money”; “You are angry, therefore you are wrong”; "You cannot bake a cake, therefore I will bake it."
"Least". If the meaning is "at least", then no commas. For example: "At least I will wash the dishes"; "He made at least a dozen mistakes."
BUT! If in the meaning of comparison with something, emotional assessment, then with a comma. For example: "At the very least, this approach presupposes control", "This requires at least an understanding of politics."
“That is, if”, “especially if” - a comma, as a rule, is not needed
“That is,” is not an introductory word and is not comma-separated on either side. This is a union, a comma is placed in front of it (and if in some contexts a comma is placed after it, then for other reasons: for example, to highlight a certain isolated construction or subordinate clause that follows it).
For example: "There are still five kilometers to the station, that is, an hour of walking" (a comma is needed), "There are still five kilometers to the station, that is, if you go slowly, an hour of walking (a comma after" that is, "is placed to highlight the subordinate clause "If you go slowly").
"In any case" are separated by commas as introductory, if they are used in the meaning "at least".
“In addition”, “in addition to this”, “in addition to everything (other things)”, “apart from everything (other things)” are set aside as introductory.
BUT! "Apart from the fact that" is a union, the comma is NOT needed. For example: "In addition to the fact that he himself does nothing, he also makes claims against me."
“Because of this,” “because of that,” “because of this,” and “along with that” - a comma is usually not required. Segregation is optional. The presence of a comma is not an error.
"All the more so" - WITHOUT a comma.
"Especially when", "especially since", "especially if", etc. - a comma is needed before "all the more". For example: "Such arguments are hardly needed, especially since this is a false statement", "even more so if it is meant", "rest, especially since a lot of work awaits you", "you cannot sit at home, especially if your partner invites to dance. "
"Moreover" - is highlighted with a comma only in the middle of the sentence (on the left).
"Nevertheless" - the comma is placed in the middle of the sentence (on the left). For example: "He decided everything, nevertheless I will try to convince him."
BUT! If “but nevertheless”, “if nevertheless”, etc., then commas are NOT needed.
If "however" means "but" then the comma on the right side is NOT put. (An exception is if it is an interjection. For example: "However, what a wind!")
"In the end" - if in the meaning "in the end", then the comma is NOT put.
"Really" is NOT separated by commas in the meaning of "really" (that is, if this is an adverbial circumstance), if it is synonymous with the adjective "valid" - "real, genuine". For example: “The bark itself is thin, not like that of an oak or pine, which really are not afraid of hot sun rays”; "You are really very tired."
"Indeed" can act as an introductory and ISOLATED. The introductory word is distinguished by intonational isolation - it expresses the speaker's confidence in the truth of the reported fact. In disputable cases, the issue of the placement of punctuation marks is decided by the author of the text.
“Because” - the comma is NOT needed if it is a union, that is, if it can be replaced with “because”. For example: “As a child, he underwent a medical checkup because he fought in Vietnam”, “maybe all because I love it when a person sings” (a comma is needed, because to “because” replace it is forbidden).
"Anyway". A comma is needed if the meaning is "anyway". Then this is introductory. For example: "She knew that, one way or another, she would tell Anna everything."
BUT! The adverbial expression "one way or another" (the same as "one way or another" or "in any case") does NOT require punctuation. For example: "War is necessary in one way or another."
Always NO commas:
first of all
at first sight
like
seems to be
for sure
similarly
More or less
literally
in addition
eventually
in the end
as a last resort
best case scenario
anyway
at the same time
overall
mostly
especially
in some cases
no matter what
afterwards
otherwise
as a result
due to this
all the same
in this case
in the same time
generally
in this regard
mainly
often
exclusively
as maximum
meanwhile
just in case
in case of emergency
if possible
as far as possible
still
practically
approximately
for all (with) that
with (all) desire
on occasion
wherein
likewise
the biggest
the least
actually
generally
maybe
as if
in addition
to top it off
I suppose
by the proposal
by decree
by decision
as if
traditionally
ostensibly
The comma is NOT put
at the beginning of the sentence:
"Before ... I ended up ..."
"Since…"
"Before as…"
"Although…"
"As…"
"To…"
"Instead of…"
"Actually ..."
"While…"
"All the more so ..."
"Nevertheless…"
"Despite the fact that ..." (while - separately); a comma is NOT placed before the "what".
"If…"
"After…"
"And ..."
“Finally” in the meaning of “finally” is NOT separated by commas.
"And this despite the fact that ..." - in the middle of the sentence, a comma is ALWAYS!
"Based on this, ..." - at the beginning of the sentence, a comma is put. BUT: "He acted so on the basis of ..." - the comma is NOT put.
“After all, if…, then…” - the comma before “if” is NOT put, since then comes the second part of the double conjunction - “then”. If “then” is not present, then a comma is placed before the “if”!
"Less than two years ..." - a comma before "what" is NOT put, because it is NOT a comparison.
The comma in front of "HOW" is used only in case of comparison.
"Such politicians as Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov ..." - the comma is put, because there is a noun "politics".
BUT: "... politicians such as Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov ..." - a comma is NOT placed before the "how".
Commas are NOT used:
“God forbid”, “God forbid”, “for God's sake” - are not highlighted with commas, + the word “god” is written with a small letter.
BUT: commas are put on two sides:
"Thank God" in the middle of the sentence is highlighted with commas on both sides (the word "God" in this case is written with a capital letter) + at the beginning of the sentence - highlighted with a comma (on the right side).
"By God" - in these cases, commas are placed on both sides (the word "god" in this case is written with a small letter).
"Oh my God" - separated by commas on both sides; in the middle of the sentence "god" - with a small letter.
If introductory word can omit or rearrange to another place of the sentence without violating its structure (this usually happens with the conjunctions "and" and "but"), then the union is not included in the introductory construction - the comma is NECESSARY. For example: "Firstly, it became dark, and secondly, everyone is tired."
If introductory word remove or rearrange it is forbidden , then the comma after the union (usually with the union "a") is NOT put. For example: “She just forgot about this fact, or maybe she never remembered it”, “… and therefore…”, “… or maybe…”, “…, which means…”.
If introductory word can remove or rearrange, then the comma is NECESSARY after the conjunction "a", since it is not associated with the introductory word, that is, soldered combinations of the type "which means", "but by the way", "and therefore", "and maybe", etc., are not formed. etc. For example: "She not only did not love him, but, perhaps, even despised him."
If at the beginning sentences worth writing union(in the connecting meaning) (“and”, “yes” in the meaning of “and”, “too”, “also”, “and that”, “otherwise”, “yes and”, “as well”, etc.) , and then the introductory word, then the comma in front of it is NOT needed. For example: "And really, it was not worth doing it"; “And perhaps it was necessary to do something differently”; “Finally, the action of the play is ordered and divided into acts”; “Besides, other circumstances have also become clear”; "But of course everything ended well."
It happens rarely: if at the beginning the proposal is worth connecting union, a the introductory construction stands out intonationally then commas are REQUIRED. For example: "But, to my great chagrin, Shvabrin decisively announced ..."; "And, as usual, they remembered only one good thing."
Basic groups of introductory words
and phrases
(separated by commas + on both sides in the middle of the sentence)
1. Expressive feelings of the speaker (joy, regret, surprise, etc.) in connection with the message:
to chagrin
to amazement
Unfortunately
to chagrin
unfortunately
to joy
Unfortunately
to shame
Fortunately
to the surprise
to horror
unfortunately
for joy
for luck
not exactly one hour
there is nothing to hide
unfortunately
fortunately
strange affair
amazing thing
what good, etc.
2. Expressing the speaker's assessment of the degree of reality of the reported (confidence, uncertainty, assumption, possibility, etc.):
without any doubts
undoubtedly
indisputably
may be
right
probably
apparently
Maybe
Indeed
in fact
should be
think
seems
it would seem that
Certainly
maybe
may be
maybe
hope
presumably
is not it
undoubtedly
obviously
apparently
in all probability
genuinely
perhaps
I suppose
in fact
essentially
truth
right
of course
needless to say
tea, etc.
3. Indicating the source of the reported:
they say
say
pier
convey
In your
in the opinion of ...
I remember
to my mind
in our way
according to legend
according to ...
according to…
rumored
according to the message ...
in your opinion
audible
reported by others.
4. Indicating the connection of thoughts, the sequence of presentation:
all in all
At first,
second, etc.
however
means
in particular
main
Further
means
so
for example
Besides
by the way
by the way
by the way
by the way
finally
vice versa
for example
against
I repeat
emphasize
more than that
on the other side
one side
that is
in this way, etc.
howbeit
whatever it was
5. Indicating the techniques and methods of formulating the expressed thoughts:
or rather
generally speaking
in other words
so to speak
if I may say so
in other words
in other words
in short
better to say
to put it mildly
in a word
to put it simply
word
as a matter of fact
if I may say so
so to speak
to clarify
what is called etc.
6. Appeals to the interlocutor (reader) in order to draw his attention to the reported, to instill a certain attitude towards the facts presented:
believe (whether)
do you believe (do)
see (do)
you see)
imagine (those)
let's say
do you know)
Do you know)
sorry)
believe me (those)
please
understand (those)
do you understand
do you understand (do)
listen (those)
suppose
Imagine
sorry)
let's say
agree
agree, etc.
7. Assessment-indicating measures of what is said:
at least, at least - they are isolated only in inversion: "This issue has been discussed twice, at least."
the biggest
the least
8. Indicating the degree of commonality of the reported:
it happens
used to
as usual
according to custom
happens
9. Expressive expressions:
no kidding
between us it will be said
between us speaking
need to say
it will not be said in reproach
frankly
conscientiously
in fairness
confess tell
to be honest
funny to say
honestly.
Comparative Expressions
(no commas):
poor as a church mouse
white as a harrier
white as a sheet
white as snow
beat like a fish on ice
pale as death
shines like a mirror
the disease disappeared like a hand
scared like fire
wandering around like a restless
rushed like mad
mumbles like a sexton
ran in like crazy
lucky, as a drowned man
turns like a squirrel in a wheel
as seen during the day
squeals like a pig
lying like a gray gelding
everything is going like clockwork
everything is as on selection
jumped up like scalded
jumped up as if stung
stupid as a cork
looked like a wolf
goal like a falcon
hungry as wolf
as far as heaven from earth
trembled like a fever
trembled like an aspen leaf
everything is like water off a duck's back to him
wait like manna from heaven
wait like a holiday
lead a cat and dog life
live like a bird of heaven
fell asleep like dead
froze like a statue
lost like a needle in a haystack
sounds like music
healthy as a bull
know how flaky
have at one's fingertips
saddle fits like a cow
goes alongside as sewn
as if it sank into the water
roll like cheese in butter
swinging like a drunk
swayed (swayed) like jelly
handsome as god
red like a tomato
red as a lobster
strong (strong) like an oak
screams like a public
light as a feather
flies like an arrow
bald as a knee
like a shower
waving his hands like a mill
rushing about like crazy
wet as a mouse
dark as a cloud
dying like flies
hope like a stone wall
to the people like a herring in a barrel
dress up like a doll
you can't see your ears
dumb like a grave
dumb like a fish
rush (rush) like crazy
rush (rush) like crazy
worn like a fool with a written sack
worn like a chicken and an egg
needed like air
needed like last year's snow
needed as a fifth spoke in a chariot
needs a fifth leg like a dog
peel off as sticky
one like a finger
stayed like a cancer stranded
stopped dead
razor sharp
different as day from night
different as heaven from earth
bake like pancakes
turned pale as a sheet
turned pale as death
repeated as if delirious
go as cute
remember what your name was
remember as in a dream
get caught like chickens in cabbage soup
hit in the head
crumble like a cornucopia
similar as two drops of water
went down like a stone
appear as if by pike
devotee like a dog
stuck like a bath leaf
fall through the ground
good (good) like a goat of milk
disappeared as if into the water
just like a knife to the heart
blazed like on fire
works like an ox
understands like a pig in oranges
cleared away like smoke
play like a note
grow like mushrooms after rain
grow by leaps and bounds
drop from the clouds
fresh as blood and milk
fresh like a cucumber
sat chained
sit on pins and needles
sit on coals
listened spellbound
looked enchanted
slept like a dead man
hurry like fire
stands like an idol
slender like a cedar Lebanese
melts like a candle
hard as stone
dark as night
accurate as a clock
skinny as a skeleton
cowardly as a hare
died like a hero
fell as if knocked down
rested like a ram
rested like a bull
mulish
tired as a dog
cunning as a fox
sly like a fox
gushing like a bucket
walked as if dipped in water
walked like a birthday boy
walk like a thread
cold as ice
thin as a splinter
black as coal
black as hell
feel at home
feel like a stone wall
feel like a fish in water
staggered like a drunk
how to be executed
clear as two two four
as clear as day, etc.
Do not confuse with homogeneous members
1. The following stable expressions are not homogeneous and therefore are NOT separated by a comma:
neither this nor that;
neither fish nor fowl;
neither stand nor sit;
neither end nor edge;
neither light nor dawn;
neither hearing nor spirit;
neither to myself nor to people;
neither sleep nor spirit;
neither here nor there;
for no reason at all;
neither give nor take;
no answer, no hello;
neither yours nor ours;
neither subtract nor add;
and so and so;
both day and night;
and laughter and grief;
and cold and hunger;
both old and young;
about this and that;
both;
in both.
(General rule: the comma is not put inside whole phraseological expressions formed by two words with opposite meanings, connected by a repeating union "and" or "neither")
2. NOT separated by commas:
1) Verbs in the same form indicating movement and its purpose.
I'll go for a walk.
Sit down and rest.
Go see.
2) Forming semantic unity.
Can't wait.
Let's sit and talk.
3) Paired combinations of synonymous, antonymic or associative nature.
Search for truth-truth.
There is no end-edge.
Honor, praise everyone.
Off we go.
Everything is sewn-covered.
Anything expensive to see.
Purchase and sale issues.
Greet with bread and salt.
Tie hand and foot.
4) Compound words (interrogative-relative pronouns, adverbs, to which something is opposed).
For someone, you can't.
Somewhere, where, and everything is there.
Compiled by -
Meaning "in addition to something, in addition"
People who have not immersed themselves in the punctuation jungle of the Russian language almost automatically put a comma before the "except", without thinking too much about the meaning. So, this is not worth doing, since there are subtle, subtle differences that sometimes even the author himself does not notice.
According to D.E. Rosenthal, constructions with a preposition are not isolated in the meaning of inclusion. Let's give an example to make it clear:
- In addition to great hot dogs, I would also eat some kind of salad, I'm still on a diet.
True, one cannot do without exceptions here. In some cases, to avoid ambiguity, even this kind of construct is isolated. For example:
- In addition to the records, there are other evidences of the culprit in the case.
- In addition to the records in the case, there is other evidence of the culprit..
Subtleties, of course, make it difficult to make a decision in one case or another. As you can see, the question of how to write “in addition” (whether a comma is needed or not) is not the most tricky one yet. But further it is even more interesting.
The meaning of "excluding, not counting"
Here, the reader and I find ourselves on familiar soil, where commas will still come in handy, moreover, they will be familiar. For example:
- Apart from the salad, there was nothing on the table. But the salad didn't want to b.
As you can see, it is not a single preposition that is isolated, but the entire turnover as a whole. There is no point in spreading too long here, for this is a more or less well-known rule.
Besides and besides this - synonyms?
And here the opinions of ordinary people and sources were divided. The former believe that these are different constructions, and, accordingly, one is separated by commas, and the other is not. Sources claim their synonymy, which means that the "colleague" of the research object, being an introductory combination, is also highlighted with commas in the letter, regardless of its location in the sentence.
You can discuss linguistic delights to the point of hoarseness, but let's try to resolve the dispute in practice. Let's say that "besides this" is an introductory construction, then the sentence with it will be the following:
- My sister played great badminton, tennis, besides that, she had a black belt in karate.
If we mentally replace “besides this” with “besides,” nothing will change, that is, practice shows that the sources do not deceive. It's another matter when the introductory combination splits into a preposition and an indicative particle with a noun following it. For example:
- In addition to this issue, I would like to discuss the problem of low wages of our employees.
In this case, we cannot talk about an introductory construction, therefore, the placement of commas obeys the general rule. This is easy to check: mentally remove the elements of the phrase that are in doubt, and the sentence will quickly become meaningless.
Yes, it’s not an easy job to place commas. Of course, from physical exertion, the body can not withstand, and from mental exertion, the psyche. But we try to make it so that the reader does not think what the combination looks like « besides »punctuation, especially since this is the easiest case.
Substitutions and other options
Russian spelling is difficult and punctuation is even more difficult. And even a literate person can find it difficult to decide on the correct placement of punctuation marks. Following the line of least resistance, the question of how to correctly highlight “in addition” in the text (whether a comma is needed here or not) can be solved radically and abandon the construction altogether. There are two options here:
- Remove it from the text - out of sight.
- Replace with a similar design, but not so embarrassing.
Examples of sentences without the described combination are as follows:
- Dad is a great archer, stays in the saddle and cooks over the fire. Dad is a real reenactor.
- Tanya succeeds in everything: she fences beautifully, dances and interprets Hegel.
As you can see, whether we add the object of study to the sentences or not, the meaning will not change from this.
But sometimes you can't just edit the text, replacements are required. We offer some that are most suitable for the combination "in addition":
- Part of speech "moreover" is union. We must be careful and remember that such phrases are isolated entirely, that is, putting a comma after the union is a mistake. For example: I love books, and I also have a lot of free time to read them..
- "Also" is a union. Its plus is that it also does not require isolation by itself, which means that there is no need to rack your brains over commas. For example: I would also very much like to congratulate the charming Lyubov Viktorovna, she looks great at 92!
- "More" is an adverb and a particle that does not require isolation. For example: I would also like to note that life is wonderful!
As you can see, there is plenty to choose from in order to solve the problem - after "besides" is a comma placed or not.
We hope that all these difficulties will not alienate the reader, and he will continue to improve in the knowledge of the great and mighty.
Introductory constructions always raise a lot of questions and doubts about punctuation, so in this case, hesitation is possible, whether a comma is needed after "in addition" or before it. Indeed, this combination can be introductory and require the setting of signs, or it can be an ordinary member of the sentence and not stand out in any way. Let's consider this issue and determine whether the words "in addition" are separated by commas or not, and where to put the signs.
"Also" is separated by commas
On both sides
If this combination is introductory, as is most often the case, then commas are required on both sides of "in addition" (the comma at the beginning of the sentence, of course, is not put, as well as at the end - there is a sign for the end of the sentence).
- Zinaida, moreover, was beautiful and attracted people with her kind treatment.
- You need to go to the store, in addition, you need to look at your aunt and find out the question of matchmaking.
Before the word
1. If the introductory word is at the very beginning of the turnover, then the comma is not put after it, only after the whole turnover.
- Grandfather Matvey, who also preferred long walks, still wandered around the forest for days, although this was no longer part of his duties.
- The Shumakovs have already left and, besides, preferring to rest abroad, they will probably return penniless.
2. However, the combination "in addition" may not be introductory, being a member of the proposal. In this case, you can ask him the questions "except for what?" or "except what?" Then, of course, a comma is placed only before "in addition", since the additions with this union are isolated.
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