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Presentation "Common ladybug" Green pages. Pleshakov A.A. Completed by: Completed by: primary school teacher primary school teacher Kuzmino-grades municipal educational institution Kuzmino-Gatyevskaya secondary school of Tambovskaya Gatyevskaya secondary school of the Tambov region, Tambov region of the region, Tambov region Troshkina Elena Anatolyevna Troshkina Elena Anatolyevna

In Russia, children love ladybugs from time immemorial. In childhood, if a ladybug sat on our hand, we told her a rhyme: “Ladybug, fly to the sky, Bring us bread, Black, white, But not burnt.” She listened attentively, and we threw her into the sky. And the continuation of the rhyme is as follows: “Ladybug, Fly to the sky - I will give you bread! Ladybug, Fly to the sky, There your children Eat sweets - One by one, And not a single one for you! "Ladybug, fly to the sky, Bring us bread, Black, white, But not burnt." She listened attentively, and we threw her into the sky. And the continuation of the rhyme is as follows: “Ladybug, Fly to the sky - I will give you bread! Ladybug, Fly to the sky, There your children Eat sweets - One by one, And not a single one for you!

In Russia, they traditionally turned to a cow with the question: “Lady’s cow, will there be a bucket or bad weather tomorrow?” If she flew away, then the weather will be fine, if not, it will rain. The Slavs "guessed" with the help of a cow, asking: "God's cow, should I live, should I die or fly to heaven?" In Russia, they traditionally turned to a cow with the question: “Lady’s cow, will there be a bucket or bad weather tomorrow?” If she flew away, then the weather will be fine, if not, it will rain. The Slavs "guessed" with the help of a cow, asking: "God's cow, should I live, should I die or fly to heaven?"

Legend of the ladybug: The image of a ladybug is found in a number of East Slavic myths. According to one of them, the wife of the god of thunder Perun was turned into a ladybug, thus punished for treason. Seduced by the tempting snake, Perynya fled with him, leaving her children behind. Perun scorched her with lightning, and since then seven spots can be seen on her wings according to the number of children left in the sky. The image of a ladybug is found in a number of East Slavic myths. According to one of them, the wife of the god of thunder Perun was turned into a ladybug, thus punished for treason. Seduced by the tempting snake, Perynya fled with him, leaving her children behind. Perun scorched her with lightning, and since then seven spots can be seen on her wings according to the number of children left in the sky. East Slavic myths with a snake East Slavic myths with a snake

The name of this insect is associated with the belief that the ladybug belongs to the heavenly herd of Perun. It carries out an intermediary connection between heaven and earth, between a powerful god and people. Therefore, she was credited with magical power, the ability to influence the weather. People tried not to kill ladybugs, so as not to incur God's wrath. The name of this insect is associated with the belief that the ladybug belongs to the heavenly herd of Perun. It carries out an intermediary connection between heaven and earth, between a powerful god and people. Therefore, she was credited with magical power, the ability to influence the weather. People tried not to kill ladybugs, so as not to incur God's wrath.

Did you know ... Many believe that the number of points on the back of a ladybug can determine its age. This is not true. There are a huge number of different ladybugs in the world, and the number of points on their wings depends on the species. They can be from two to twenty-six. Many believe that the number of points on the back of a ladybug can determine its age. This is not true. There are a huge number of different ladybugs in the world, and the number of points on their wings depends on the species. They can be from two to twenty-six.

THREE LIVES OF A LADYBUG Yellow shiny testicles are glued in piles on the bottom of the leaves. Inside the testicle, you can see a small larva. She fidgets, fumbles there - wants to get out. Yellow shiny testicles are glued in clusters on the bottom of the leaves. Inside the testicle, you can see a small larva. She fidgets, fumbles there - wants to get out.

Thus begins the first life of a ladybug. Finally, the testicle bursts. The larva begins to crawl out of it: first its head protrudes, then its chest, then its legs. Finally, the egg bursts. The larva begins to crawl out of it: first its head protrudes, then its chest, then its legs. But it's not easy to get out of the egg! It will take a long time before the larva, now resting, then working hard again, is completely freed. But it's not easy to get out of the egg! It will take a long time before the larva, now resting, then working hard again, is completely freed.

After three weeks, the larva hangs upside down and freezes. Hanging day, another ... Three weeks later, the larva hangs upside down and freezes. A day hangs, another ... Then the skin on her back bursts, begins to crawl up, gathering like an accordion. And a thick milky-white chrysalis becomes visible. Then the skin on her back bursts, begins to crawl up, gathering like an accordion. And a thick milky-white chrysalis becomes visible.

THE SECOND LIFE OF A LADYBUG She is strange, this second life. Without traveling through the bushes, through the grasses, without hunting exploits. Hanging, simple hanging in a secluded place. Weekly or biweekly. Outside, the pupa darkens and is covered with yellow, orange, black spots. And inside... A beetle is born inside. Ladybug's THIRD LIFE! It's strange, this second life. Without traveling through the bushes, through the grasses, without hunting exploits. Hanging, simple hanging in a secluded place. Weekly or biweekly. Outside, the pupa darkens and is covered with yellow, orange, black spots. And inside... A beetle is born inside. Ladybug's THIRD LIFE!

This is interesting: The origin of the name "cow" is most likely associated with the biological feature of the bug: it can produce milk, and not ordinary, but red! Such a liquid is released in case of danger from the pores on the folds of the limbs. Milk is extremely unpleasant in taste (and even deadly in large doses!) And scares off predators. The origin of the name “cow” is most likely due to the biological feature of the bug: it can give milk, and not ordinary, but red! Such a liquid is released in case of danger from the pores on the folds of the limbs. The milk is extremely unpleasant in taste (and even deadly in large doses!) And scares off predators,

Ladybugs hibernate under stones, low bushes, in fallen leaves on the edges of the forest. For the winter, bugs gather in large clusters. Ladybugs hibernate under stones, low bushes, in fallen leaves on the edges of the forest. For the winter, bugs gather in large clusters.

OBSERVE THE LADYBUG OBSERVE THE LADYBUG 1. Look for ladybugs in the country, in the forest. Count how many dots they have on their wings. Determine the ladybug's name. Find yellow, brown, black ladybugs and draw them. No need to catch. 2. Place a ladybug on your hand, see how it emits droplets of caustic blood, pay attention to the pungent smell of blood. After this experience, release the beetle. 3. Watch how the ladybug hunts aphids, how long does she look for prey? Is it easy to deal with aphids? 4. Look for ladybug larvae in early summer. Remember them well, and always treat them with care. 1. Look for ladybugs in the country, in the forest. Count how many dots they have on their wings. Determine the ladybug's name. Find yellow, brown, black ladybugs and draw them. No need to catch. 2. Place a ladybug on your hand, see how it emits droplets of caustic blood, pay attention to the pungent smell of blood. After this experience, release the beetle. 3. Watch how the ladybug hunts aphids, how long does she look for prey? Is it easy to deal with aphids? 4. Look for ladybug larvae in early summer. Remember them well, and always treat them with care.

with. one
Appendix 2
A. A. Pleshakov Green Pages

Page ten - about dragonflies
Just...
One day I was sitting by the river. Dragonflies flew over the thickets of arrowhead and yellow pod. And the guys were swimming nearby. So they got out of the water, dried up a little and ... suddenly began to hunt dragonflies. They knocked them down with shirts, caught them with hats. I ran up to them: “What are you doing?! What for?" The children were surprised: “Why? It's just so..."

Probably, many will remember a similar case. It’s also good if the guys hold the dragonfly by the wings and let it go. But it happens that they tear off the paws and heads of insects. Or arrange a competition - who will bring down more dragonflies.

Dragonflies need to be protected! Why? Yes, simply because they are part of the living world around us, because they are beautiful, and a person cannot live without beauty. In addition, we must not forget that, having killed a single dragonfly, a person, one might say, releases hundreds, thousands of mosquitoes and midges. And how annoying they are, these mosquitoes and midges! How painfully they bite, especially when you rest on the banks of a river or a pond, fish, ride a boat ... And then dragonflies come to the aid of a person. After all, mosquitoes and midges are their main, favorite food.
big-eyed hunters
Look into the eyes of a dragonfly. Unless, of course, you can carefully approach her, sitting on a leaf or twig. The eyes are not just big. They are huge. They are round and smooth, like the sides of a globe, mysterious, like pearls.

Then the dragonfly will take off. And you will hear the dry rustle of her strong wings, if the dragonfly is large. Or, if it’s small, you won’t hear anything, but you will see how the wings, having set in motion, will light up, sparkle in the sun’s rays ...

From May to autumn, dragonflies fly over the overgrown banks of rivers and streams, ponds and lakes, along forest edges and over glades - they hunt.

They catch their prey with their feet. Their legs are covered with spikes and bristles, in flight they are bent and brought together so that a “trapping basket” is obtained. A swift air zigzag - and a mosquito or a fly in this "basket". Mosquito dragonfly eats right on the fly. A fly - sitting on a twig, slowly. And then rest for a while.

“I have repeatedly seen,” writes the famous German scientist Alfred Brehm in his book Animal Life, “that the dragonfly turned out to be more agile than me, snatching a moth or other insect that I wanted to catch from under my nose.”

Watch how a large yoke dragonfly, ten centimeters in wingspan, hunts over a forest road. She has her own area, on which she flies back and forth. Other dragonflies, especially of the same species, are not allowed into this area - they resolutely attack and drive them away! Rocker arms fly, and many other dragonflies are excellent. The speed is developed up to 50 kilometers per hour and even, as some scientists assure, up to 90.

But there are other dragonflies. Like butterflies, they flutter near the water, light, tender. They are not in a hurry, they sit down on reeds and leaves so delicately, as if they know their names: a beautiful girl, a beautiful arrow, an elegant arrow.

Female beauties have yellowish wings, while males have blue wings. The arrows are smaller and unusually thin - they break, caught by an awkward human hand. Buttercups are also very fragile - they are generally the smallest of our dragonflies.

All these creatures feed on living prey, although they do not follow it, like rocker arms, in dizzying pursuits. They collect insects sitting on plants, and occasionally catch flying ones. These dragonflies do not have hunting grounds: they find both a table and a house, as they say, under each leaf.

Patient researchers, who studied the hunting habits of various dragonflies with cameras, binoculars and stopwatches in their hands, called large and strong dragonflies pursuers, and beauties, arrows and buttercups - gatherers.

Among the dragonflies there is a third group of hunters - the wayfarers! Awakened by the morning sun, they begin to fly, looking for a convenient twig or twig in the forest clearings, so that later they can sit high and look far away all day. Scrupulous to the extreme: different types of watchmen choose twigs with different angles, with different thicknesses, with a certain color! These dragonflies are medium in size, very good flyers. Seeing the prey, they take off, catch it with lightning speed and just as quickly fly back. They sit down on their branch, eat and wait again ...

And now a few more words about the merits of winged hunters before people.

“There were so many midges that the air seemed filled with them,” wrote one zoologist at the beginning of our century. But now, he says, dragonflies appeared. At first just a few pieces, then more, more. After two days, their number became so great that a strong mind was clearly heard in the air from the flapping of countless wings. Dragonflies eagerly caught midges. Another two days passed - and not a single midge was anywhere to be seen.

This happens even now. Moreover, in some places in Siberia, people are specifically waiting for the appearance of dragonflies in order to start cultivating vegetable gardens along the shores of lakes. Otherwise, it is simply impossible to work - mosquitoes seize.

Here they are, these big-eyed hunters!
life under water
Dragonfly larvae live in water. If you dig with a special, made of durable fabric, water net at the bottom of some pond or forest lake, in the net, it is possible that she, the dragonfly larva, will turn out to be herself. Let's consider it carefully, and after considering it, let's release it. Yes, the creation is not the most beautiful. Clumsy in appearance, gray, smeared with silt. The legs are long, splayed. Bulging eyes ... However, brightness and variegation would be completely inappropriate here - with them it will not take long to please the fish's mouth.

This larva appears from the egg as a crumb - one and a half to two millimeters long. But in the third year of life, when development comes to an end, it is 5 cm in the dragonfly-rocker, and 6 cm in the patrol dragonfly! Other, smaller dragonflies have smaller larvae, and they often live only one year.

The future dragonfly does not pursue its prey (various aquatic larvae, crustaceans, tadpoles), but lies in wait, hiding in an ambush somewhere among the greenery. It only catches moving prey. Takes lightning fast! And not with legs, not with jaws, but with a “mask”. "Mask" - a long, folding lower lip, with hooks at the end. Grabbing its dinner, the larva draws it to its mouth, and then powerful jaws begin to work. At the usual time, the lip is folded and covers, like a real mask, the lower part of the physiognomy of the predator.

True, not all larvae feed like this. In some species, the lip resembles a ladle, and even with a strainer. These larvae swarm all their lives in the mud, extracting everything edible from it, it is clear that they collect not only moving, but also motionless prey.

The mode of locomotion in the larvae of large dragonflies is very unusual. They forcefully throw out a trickle of ode from the abdomen and, receiving a push, like a rocket, rush forward, So, as if in big jumps, they swim quickly and easily. Dragonfly researcher Boris Fedorovich Belyshev observed a case when a jet from a larva, breaking through a small layer of water, hit a table 60 centimeters from the aquarium in which the larva lived. It is not surprising that, escaping from the fish's mouth, a frightened predator usually completely forgets about its rather strong legs, and runs headlong, managing only with a water jet engine.

The larvae of small dragonflies move differently. They have three leaflets clearly visible at the posterior end of the body. These leaves serve as fins for the larva.

This is how future dragonflies live.

But one fine day, along some reed sticking out of the water, a larva gets out into the air, to the sun. It freezes, hanging over the wet abyss... And then the clothes burst on the larva's back, and a winged dragonfly appears, which will not return to the water. Figure 25

Dragonflies are waiting for help
Dragonflies are very ancient insects. Three hundred million years ago, there were no wasps, no bees, no butterflies on earth. There were no birds or animals. There were no flowers. But the dragonflies were already flying. Many were huge - they reached almost a meter in wingspan!

Now around the world there are about 4500 species of dragonflies. Especially a lot of them in hot countries. There live even such large and bright ones that we never dreamed of. True, the former giants died out long ago - the largest modern dragonflies reach 19 centimeters in wingspan. However, agree, and it is a lot.

Indeed, it is difficult to even imagine how much older dragonflies are than mankind! But the same thing is happening with them now as with the vast majority of other animals and plants. Under the onslaught of man, they retreat. In many countries, dragonflies are becoming less and less. Dragonflies are especially vulnerable, the larvae of which can only live in clean water bodies - there are almost no clean water bodies left.

Dragonflies deserve careful treatment. And the guys can do a lot for them. Stop, for example, someone who is going to wash a car or a motorcycle in a river: this really pollutes the water. Do not catch dragonflies, but watch them! Maybe someone will be able to see something that even scientists do not know yet.

Page eighteen, about frogs and toads,

which a lot of people don't like
Their trouble is our fault
It is even difficult to understand why frogs and toads still live on earth. Of course, in the modern world there are few animals that would live well: a person oppresses everyone, and if he loves someone, he does not necessarily protect them. But frogs and toads...

In one old book about toads it is written like this: “The toad is a disgusting animal ... In the month of July, toads are pierced on a sharp stick with the head or neck and dried in the air for both internal and external use.” Yes, hardly toads would like this book. They liked even less when they were impaled on a stick and dried. But what could they do if people, despising toads, at the same time considered them for some reason a good remedy for many diseases?!

The dead toad was used as medicine. And terrible properties were attributed to the living: terribly poisonous, as if with one of its breath and even with a glance it is capable of disfiguring a person. And moreover, she is a companion of witches, other evil spirits, and meeting with her promises a person only trouble. It is clear how such meetings ended for the toads. People who believed these tales simply killed innocent animals.

And so far, their extermination is in full swing. Silly, pointless. Many still do not like toads and kill them on occasion. And in our time, some people think that a person gets warts from touching a toad. What nonsense!

Frogs seem to have been less talked about than toads. However, they were also never favored, although frog legs have long been considered an exquisite food in some countries. And now frog meat is much more expensive there than the best varieties of fish. Visitors to expensive restaurants do not spare money for an unusual dish. In Italy alone, about 15 million frogs are eaten every year! There are few frogs left in most countries of Western Europe. Therefore, they are brought from abroad. India sells especially a lot of frogs. The total weight of the unfortunate animals caught there annually is 5,000 tons. Moreover, many catchers, in order to make their work easier, tear off their paws right on the spot - from live frogs!

Here it is impossible not to recall one more frog trouble. They have become very convenient and even indispensable animals for various experiments. With their completely involuntary help, scientists, especially doctors, made many important discoveries. In gratitude for this, two monuments were erected to the frogs - in Paris and in Tokyo.

Well, grateful scientists have erected monuments to frogs. But is there any gratitude to these defenseless creatures in the soul of each of us? After all, they died for the sake of our health.

And how often do guys kill frogs! Stones are thrown at them, small weak animals are tortured, unable to fend for themselves. Is it possible to?

Add to all this the death of frogs and toads on the roads. They fall under the wheels of cars when in the spring they go to the reservoirs for breeding, which are often located quite far from the wintering grounds. In some countries, to save frogs and toads, special “trapping fences” are arranged along the roads, near which plastic buckets are buried at some distance from one another. Frogs and toads, moving along the "fences", fall into these buckets, and then people carry them across the road. It is also planned to build special underground passages for amphibians. But all this is still in other countries. Not with us.

These are the relationships that frogs and toads have with humans...

Look at those big, sad eyes looking at you. And how much calmness, restraint in these creatures! It even seems that they are silently and proudly waiting for us to finally be fair to them.
What are frogs and toads
But, in spite of everything, frogs and toads live on Earth. Their various relatives also live: tree frogs, toads, garlic wolves, newts, salamanders ... There are 3200 species of amphibians in the world.

Of the frogs, the pond, lake, grass and moor frogs are especially common in our country.

The first two are green frogs.

They spend their whole life in or near water, even wintering at the bottom of reservoirs. And of course, the green color helps them to remain invisible. The pond frog grows up to 8 centimeters in length. The lake is much larger - up to 15 centimeters. Grass and moor - brown frogs. They spend most of their time on land, where the brown coloration (the color of dry leaves, sticks and blades of grass) does them a good service.

These frogs, like all amphibians, breed in the water, and the grass frog also hibernates there. Sharp-faced frogs winter, as a rule, on land - in rodent burrows, in some holes, in cracks, in heaps of fallen leaves. They are smaller than herbal ones (herbal ones are up to 10 centimeters), but in general they are similar. In order to distinguish between these frogs, one must keep in mind: the belly of the moored frog is white, while the herbal one is spotted. The sharp-faced, in addition, has a pointed muzzle. And during breeding, the males of this frog acquire an amazing blue color.

Of the toads in our country, two species are widespread: green and gray. They differ from each other not only in color, but also in size: gray is much larger than green. Both toads spend most of the year on land and only for breeding temporarily move to the water. The green toad hibernates in animal burrows, pits and other shelters, and can burrow into loose earth. Gray often climbs into cellars and cellars. Figure 26

Similar but different
Some people confuse frogs with toads, and toads with frogs. Let's compare them with each other.

It is not difficult to find similarities: both of them spend part of their time on land, and part in water, in any case they breed in water. The development of both begins with an egg - a tadpole appears from it, which gradually turns into an adult frog or toad. The skin of both of them is bare. And they eat mostly insects. A lot of similarities and just in appearance, habits.

What are the differences?

Let's start with caviar. Frog caviar clutches look like large lumps, and toad eggs are hidden inside slimy cords, and the length of such cords in a gray toad is 3-5 meters, and in a green toad - up to 7 meters!

The tadpoles of frogs and toads are similar. But the former usually swim shallowly among aquatic plants, while the latter stay near the bottom. That is why the body of toad tadpoles is slightly flattened from top to bottom, and the head is elongated - it is easier to dig in the mud.

Adult frogs have smooth, moist, and very delicate skin. In toads, on the contrary, it is bumpy, drier and rougher. The skin secretions of frogs are almost non-toxic, while in toads they are poisonous to animals, they smell unpleasant. Especially large poisonous glands are located in the toad behind the eyes. However, the toad releases its poison only when the predator grabs it. Many predators immediately discard dangerous prey.

And toad venom can only harm a person if it gets into the mouth or into the eyes.

Frogs are much more agile than toads. Everyone knows how deftly they jump, pushing off with long hind legs. Slow toads are not capable of such feats - their legs are short! The tongue is a hunting device - they are also shorter than a frog's. For these reasons, during the hunt, they mostly get crawling insects, while frogs get both crawling and flying insects.

It is interesting that toads have absolutely no teeth, while frogs have them, however, only on the upper jaw and are very, very small.

Frogs tend to hunt day and night. Toads come out of their shelters only at night or at dusk.

Some consider frogs to be pretty cute creatures, but toads are still ugly. To me, both of them seem beautiful in their own way and equally deserving of respect.
A link in an unbreakable chain
Even a beetle crackling under the wheels is a reproach to a person. So says the writer Vasily Mikhailovich Peskov. And that's right. We, people, have a difficult duty: not to let the living that so trustingly surrounds us on earth disappear. This is the responsibility of the strong.

Frogs and toads must live because we are stronger than them...

But they must also live because in the chains of nature, where everything is connected to one another, they have their own very important place. For every dead frog, nature can present us with an account.

At least this one: one grass frog eats up to seven insects and other creatures that can harm a person per day. After wintering, she appears at the end of April, and leaves for wintering at the end of September, therefore, she earns food for herself for five months, and this time she will eat more than a thousand all kinds of mosquitoes, flies, beetles dangerous for our economy. Thus, it does not allow these creatures to multiply beyond measure.

Frogs and toads are the keepers of balance in nature. Thank them for this!

But the balance in nature depends not only on who the frogs and toads eat in what quantity. It depends on who and in what quantity eats the frogs and toads themselves! And they eat, especially frogs, storks, herons, gulls, birds of prey, badgers, otters, minks, raccoon dogs and many other birds and animals, as well as predatory fish. The life of all these animals largely depends on frogs and toads.

Imagine a natural chain: mosquitoes - frogs - storks. Try to break it mentally: imagine that the frogs have disappeared. Oh, how rampant the mosquitoes began to multiply! And the storks? There are less and less of them... No, natural chains cannot be broken!

And people are tearing up. And not only when frogs are simply caught or toads are destroyed. “Even a single treatment of forests with pesticides,” writes Professor Andrey Grigorievich Bannikov, “reduces the number of frogs, toads, newts and lizards by 2-3 times.” But what about the frequent spraying of fields and gardens with pesticides? But what about the pollution of water bodies with household and industrial waste? What about the drainage of marshes, the shallowing and drying up of lakes and small rivers?

But let's hope that over time people will cope with these troubles.

In addition, there are already the first successful experiments in the artificial breeding of frogs. And someday, perhaps soon, real frog farms will appear, from where frogs will be sent both abroad and to scientific institutes. And ... in the river that flows next door.
with. one

With the help of this book, you will learn about the most daring flowers that are the first to meet spring, you will meet ants, butterflies and ladybugs, you will figure out what the strength and courage of oak is, you will find yourself in the kingdom of mushrooms and lichens, you will penetrate the secrets of bats, you will get acquainted with life " king of rodents" - beaver. This book is for younger students, but it will be of interest to both parents and teachers who, together with their child, want to meet the unique world of wildlife.

Some tasks from the workbook "The world around us" according to the program of A. Pleshakov "The world around us" from grades 1 to 4 are difficult to complete without this manual. It is good to prepare reports on it. She is paired with A.A. Pleshakov "Atlas-determinant" From earth to sky ". A manual for students of general educational institutions of the Federal State Educational Standard.

Green pages of the book of nature-10

Page one, which tells about the grass near our house-11
Bird's buckwheat
From the life of dandelions
yarrow
Sour but tasty
Burdock, he is a burdock
The most bitter herb
green traveler
wasteland dweller
Make friends with nettles

Page two, where we are talking about the first flowers that meet spring - 25
The most daring
Giving honey
Hasty Corydalis
Anemone
Vigorous, fresh, washed
goose bow
dreamlike herb
Keys to summer

Page three, written with the hope that flowers will always bloom on earth - 37

Page four - about trees - 42
About birch and birch sap
The Strength and Weakness of the Oak
Tree Citizen
bold tree

Page five, the heroes of which are mosses - 52
Below the grass
From the Arctic to Antarctica
Where does moss start?
living sponge
Kukushkin flax, ostrich feather and others

Page six - about mushrooms -60
Not plants or animals
Why mushrooms in the forest
His Majesty Borovik
Insidious doubles
Wolf tobacco, hare potato
Going for mushrooms

Page seven, almost fabulous, which invites you to visit lichens-69
Dressing room of the forest king
Scale, leafy, bushy
Union of fungus and algae
Reindeer moss
centenarians
Lichens are leaving the cities

Page eight, the events of which take place in the kingdom of the web - 80

Page nine, about the complex relationship between humans and insects -85

Page ten - about dragonflies - 90 Just like that
big-eyed hunters
life under water
Dragonflies are waiting for help

Page eleven, whose heroes are lacewings, they are also florists - 97
First meeting
Egg on a thin stalk
"Dorty lions" and a running chrysalis
defenseless beauties

Page twelve - about beetles - 104
Who in the world is the most
Maybug and its relatives
beetle on the road
talking beetle
six-legged deer
Big water lover
Without them, the earth would be bored

Page thirteen, almost detective - about a dangerous criminal among insects-117
Word portrait
His first "case"
He crosses all boundaries
He changes clothes
He hides
Who will win?

Page fourteen, which deals with the extraordinary life of an ordinary ladybug - 124
"Sun"
name on wings
Three lives of a ladybug
deceptive appearance
Migratory. beetles
Where do cows hibernate
Trouble!

Page fifteen, the most colorful, because it talks about butterflies - 134
140 thousand species
Pollen on variegated wings
How many legs does a caterpillar have?
Unusual duty
The Dangerous Life of an Admiral
Dove in an anthill
Mysterious Hawk Moths
fading rainbow

Page sixteen, which tells how insects hibernate - 146

Page seventeen, whose heroes are insects, and the time of action is spring - 150
First butterflies
Hooray! The flies are awake!
Watch out for bumblebees!
Ants that everyone remembers

Page eighteen, about frogs and toads, which many do not like at all - 157
Their trouble is our fault
What are frogs and toads
Similar but different
A link in an unbreakable chain

Page nineteen, about the life of birds in autumn -165

Andrey Pleshakov: Green Pages. Handbook for students of educational institutions of the Federal State Educational Standard. Cover of the new 2014 edition.

Green Pages. A book for primary school students. GEF. Pleshakov Andrey Anatolievich.

Previously, this book was in a different cover, with chamomile (this is how it is shown in textbooks on the world around), but the new edition is different, on the cover is a spring birch forest against the sky. This is the 2014 version.

The letter Y is printed in the book.

Green pages of the book of nature.

The book is excellent: not only as an addition to the elementary school textbook on the world around, but also as a completely independent book about nature and animals for children. Unlike many magazine series, there are no annoying mistakes in this book (after all, a textbook!) There is a lot of information (the book is thick), the text is wonderfully written (fascinating), plus many good color drawings and photographs.

So even if your school does not require the mandatory purchase of this textbook, we recommend purchasing it - a very good book.

Stories about animals and plants, many stories about insects, etc.

This book is for younger students, but it will be of interest to both parents and teachers who, together with their child, want to meet the unique world of wildlife.

Publisher: Enlightenment.

Series: School of Russia.

The letter Y is printed in the book.

The book for younger schoolchildren, dedicated to the nature of their native country and native land, contains stories - pages. They introduce you to the amazing natural diversity - from grass at the doorstep to birds and animals. Particular attention is paid to the disclosure of environmental ties in the surrounding world.

The book is intended for use in the classroom and in extracurricular activities, for independent reading. It will be of interest not only to children, but also to teachers, parents, who, together with the child, want to meet the unique world of wildlife.

This book will tell about nature - about big trees and small beetles, about vociferous, cheerful birds, and about silent, gloomy spiders...

The book is called Green Pages. Why green? Because this color is a symbol of wildlife. Why pages? The fact is that nature itself can be compared with a large fascinating book. Every flower, every bird, every butterfly is a page in the Book of Nature. To read it means to know, to study nature. True, it is not so easy to read it.

Color drawings and photographs.

Imagine: somewhere on the edge of the forest you are standing and looking around. Will run, rustling with dry last year's leaves, a black beetle at your feet. A hurried jay flashes among the branches. A blue bell will sway in the wind ... And no one will tell you or even whisper: Look at me, what a beautiful, interesting, very necessary inhabitant of the forest I am!

Our book will help you learn to read the Book of Nature. Notice the amazing and unusual in the familiar and everyday. To discover very important, necessary, but hidden from our eyes connections in wildlife. And most importantly: learn to love and cherish what people cannot live without - the wonderful world of plants and animals around us!

Green pages of the book of nature-10

Page one, which tells about the grass near our house-11
Bird's buckwheat
From the life of dandelions

Burdock, he is a burdock
The most bitter herb
green traveler
wasteland dweller
Make friends with nettles

Page two, where we are talking about the first flowers that meet spring - 25
The most daring
Giving honey
Anemone
Vigorous, fresh, washed
dreamlike herb
Keys to summer

Page three, written with the hope that flowers will always bloom on earth - 37

Page four - about trees - 42
About birch and birch sap
The Strength and Weakness of the Oak
Tree Citizen
bold tree

Page five, the heroes of which are mosses - 52
Below the grass
From the Arctic to Antarctica
Where does moss start?
living sponge
Kukushkin flax, ostrich feather and others

Page six - about mushrooms -60
Why mushrooms in the forest

Wolf tobacco, hare potato
Going for mushrooms

Page eight, the events of which take place in the kingdom of the web - 80

Page nine, about the complex relationship between humans and insects -85

Page ten - about dragonflies - 90
Just
big-eyed hunters
life under water
Dragonflies are waiting for help

Page eleven, whose heroes are lacewings, they are also florists - 97
First meeting
Egg on a thin stalk
"Dorty lions" and a running chrysalis
defenseless beauties

Page twelve - about beetles - 104
Who in the world is the most
Maybug and its relatives
beetle on the road
talking beetle
six-legged deer
Big water lover
Without them, the earth would be bored

Page thirteen, almost detective - about a dangerous criminal among insects-117
Word portrait
His first "case"
He crosses all boundaries
He changes clothes
He hides
Who will win?

Page fourteen, which deals with the extraordinary life of an ordinary ladybug - 124
Migratory ... beetles
Where do cows hibernate
Trouble!

Page sixteen, which tells how insects hibernate - 146

Page seventeen, whose heroes are insects, and the time of action is spring - 150
Hooray! The flies are awake!
Watch out for bumblebees!
Ants that everyone remembers

Page eighteen, about frogs and toads, which many do not like at all - 157
Their trouble is our fault
What are frogs and toads

A link in an unbreakable chain

Page nineteen, about the life of birds in autumn -165
Where, how and when?
And who remains?
Help the birds!

Page twenty, about those birds that stay with us in winter - 173
Crossbills
tap dancing
Bullfinch
Woodpeckers
pika
Wren

Page twenty one - about birds in spring -181
The starlings have arrived
Singing in the blue sky
"Flourish" finch
song thrush
Pied flycatcher
Invisible

Page twenty-two, which tells about the winter life of animals - 192
City under the snow

fox hunting
About the boar and the moose

Page twenty-three, the most mysterious, because its heroes are bats - 201
What the legends say
What Science Says
Caught an echo
Forest ambulance
Like birds and with birds
Do not offend winged animals!

Page twenty-four, which talks about the "rodent king" - 209
"Rodent King"
Miracle one - beaver teeth
Miracle second - beaver coat
Miracle three - beaver tail
Miracles the fourth and fifth - beaver lodges and dams
Sixth miracle - beavers
One hundred squirrels for a beaver
The seventh miracle - the beavers are back!
How many pages are in the book of nature

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With the help of this book, you will learn about the most daring flowers that are the first to meet spring, meet ants, butterflies and ladybugs, figure out what the strength and courage of an oak tree are, get into the kingdom of mushrooms and lichens, penetrate the secrets of bats, get to know life " king of rodents" - beaver. This book is for younger students, but it will be of interest to both parents and teachers who, together with their child, want to meet the unique world of wildlife.

Bird buckwheat.
When I was little, this weed always puzzled me. I met her on the road, and in the wasteland, and on the banks of the river, but she grew especially densely on our impassable, completely village-looking street. The big mound right in front of the house was completely green from this grass.

She puzzled me because, no matter who I asked, no one knew her name. Wormwood, motherwort, yarrow - all these herbs were known to me. And this one is the most common...
- They call it grass-ant, - the grandmother said. - This is among the people. And I don’t know how scientists christened it.

I "studyed" the mysterious herb with the greatest care. I found out that her root is rather thin and weak, but the stems are strong, resilient, and no matter how much we walked along our hillock, she did not disappear from it. Its leaves are small, and the flowers are tiny and sit at the very stem, as if hiding under the protection of the leaves.

There were always geese grazing on the hillock. I didn't like it when they craned their necks and hissed, so I didn't get close to them. But I saw that they were eating my mysterious weed, and they were eating with an enviable appetite.

With content
Green pages of nature book
Page one, which tells about the grass near our house
Bird's buckwheat
From the life of dandelions
yarrow
Sour but tasty
Burdock, he is a burdock
The most bitter herb
green traveler
wasteland dweller
Make friends with nettles
Page two, where we are talking about the first flowers that welcome spring
The most daring
Giving honey
Hasty Corydalis
Anemone
Vigorous, fresh, washed
goose bow
dreamlike herb
Keys to summer
Page three, written with the hope that flowers will always bloom on earth
Page four - about trees
About birch and birch sap
The Strength and Weakness of the Oak
Tree Citizen
bold tree
Page five, whose heroes are mosses
Below the grass
From the Arctic to Antarctica
Where does moss start?
living sponge
Kukushkin flax, ostrich feather and others
Page six - about mushrooms
Not plants or animals
Why mushrooms in the forest
His Majesty Borovik
Insidious doubles
Wolf tobacco, hare potato
Going for mushrooms
Page seven, almost fabulous, which invites you to visit the lichens
Dressing room of the forest king
Scale, leafy, bushy
Union of fungus and algae
Reindeer moss
centenarians
Lichens are leaving the cities
Page eight, the events of which take place in the web kingdom
Page nine, on the complex relationship between humans and insects
Page ten - about dragonflies
Just
big-eyed hunters
life under water
Dragonflies are waiting for help
Page eleven, whose heroes are lacewings, they are also florists
First meeting
Egg on a thin stalk
"Dorty lions" and a running chrysalis
defenseless beauties
Page twelve - about beetles
Who in the world is the most
Maybug and its relatives
beetle on the road
talking beetle
six-legged deer
Big water lover
Without them, the earth would be bored
Page thirteen, almost detective - about a dangerous criminal among insects
Word portrait
His first "case"
He crosses all boundaries
He changes clothes
He hides
Who will win?
Page fourteen, which deals with the extraordinary life of an ordinary ladybug
"Sun"
name on wings
Three lives of a ladybug
deceptive appearance
Migratory ... beetles
Where do cows hibernate
Trouble!
Page fifteen, the most colorful, because it talks about butterflies
140 thousand species
Pollen on variegated wings
How many legs does a caterpillar have?
Unusual duty
The Dangerous Life of an Admiral
Dove in an anthill
Mysterious Hawk Moths
fading rainbow
Page sixteen, which tells how insects hibernate
Page seventeen, whose heroes are insects, and the time of action is spring
First butterflies
Hooray! The flies are awake!
Watch out for bumblebees!
Ants that everyone remembers
Page eighteen, about frogs and toads, which many do not like at all
Their trouble is our fault
What are frogs and toads
Similar but different
A link in an unbreakable chain
Page nineteen, about the life of birds in autumn
Where, how and when?
And who remains?
Help the birds!
Page Twenty, Of Those Birds That Stay With Us In Winter
Crossbills
tap dancing
Bullfinch
Woodpeckers
pika
Wren
Page twenty one - about birds in spring
The starlings have arrived
Singing in the blue sky
"Flourish" finch
song thrush
Pied flycatcher
Invisible
Page twenty-two, which tells about the winter life of animals
City under the snow
Agile Predators
Three hundred cones for lunch
Belyak and Rusak
fox hunting
About the boar and the moose
Page twenty-three, the most mysterious, because its heroes are bats
What the legends say
What Science Says
Caught an echo
Forest ambulance
Like birds and with birds
Do not offend winged animals!
Page twenty-four, which talks about the "rodent king"
"Rodent King"
Miracle one - beaver teeth
Miracle second - beaver coat
Miracle three - beaver tail
Miracles the fourth and fifth - beaver lodges and dams
Sixth miracle - beavers
One hundred squirrels for a beaver
The seventh miracle - the beavers are back!
How many pages are in the book of nature.

In these drawings, Seryozha and Nadia's father depicted representatives of different groups of animals. Number the pictures according to the list.

Ant Question gave examples of animals of different groups, but made mistakes. Cross out the extra name in each row.
Explain to the Ant what his mistakes are.

3. Complete the tasks for group work in the textbook and workbook.

1) Write down an animal classification task for your classmates.

What group of animals do snakes and crocodile belong to?

2) Count the birds in the textbook drawing (p. 92) and write down the results.

3) Using the information from the text of the textbook, complete the table.

Review the completed table. Which animal group has the most species? Which group has the fewest species? List the groups of animals: in order of increasing number of species; in order of decreasing number of species.

4) Write down the names of the animals you have identified:

a) fish perch, shark, ruff, pike, trout, carp.
b) amphibians - newt, toad, frog.
c) reptiles snake, lizard, crocodile.
d) birds - crow, sparrow, titmouse, ostrich, penguin.
d) animals - hedgehog, hare, cat, bear, mole, badger.

Use the Green Pages book to give examples of other types of animals. Write down at least three names.

Fox, dolphin, owl, horse, dog.

4. Using the Green Pages book, prepare a report about one of the animal species (of any group). Take notes as you prepare your message.

Kind of animal:Squirrel
The group to which the species belongs:Animals (rodents)
Brief information about the animal:Squirrels are peaceful animals. They live in coniferous forests. They live in hollows, but more often they make a nest for themselves, built of branches and lined inside with wool, moss and feathers.

5. These are different types of tits. Identify them with the help of the atlas-determinant "From Earth to Sky". Draw arrows from the names to the corresponding pictures.

Compare different types of tits. Identify the similarities and differences. Think and explain what signs these birds are most easily recognizable in nature.

Return- Pleshakov, 3rd grade. 1 part workbook

!The world around us, grade 3, part 1, workbook with answers, Pleshakov - WORLD OF ANIMALS

Page 20 of 26

ANIMAL WORLD, pp. 58-61

1. Write the names of the groups of animals listed.

Frog, toad, newt are amphibians.
An earthworm, a leech are worms.
Snail, slug, octopus, squid are shellfish.
Crayfish, crab, shrimp are crustaceans.
Starfish, sea urchin, sea lily are echinoderms.
Spider, scorpion, haymaker are arachnids.
lizard, snake, crocodile, turtle are reptiles.

2. Identify the animals. Write the names of the animals and the groups they belong to.

On page 58 from left to right: amber snail (mollusk), goldfinch (birds), haymaker spider (arachnids).

On page 59 from left to right in the top row: otter (animals), king crab (crustaceans), rhinoceros beetle (insects).

On page 59 from left to right in the bottom row: burbot (fish), tree frog (amphibians), grass snake (reptiles).

Cut out the details from the application and build development models.

Models of development of fish, frogs, birds.

5. Think up and write down 2-3 questions for the quiz "In the world of animals."

How many days will it take for a chick to hatch from an egg?
How is a frog different from a toad?
Does a hare feed her babies?

Using the Green Pages book, prepare a report about one of the animal species of any group.

PINK SALMON. Pink salmon is a fish that usually lives in the sea but spawns in rivers. The length of pink salmon reaches 50 cm. Pink salmon feeds on small fish and crustaceans. During spawning, pink salmon change color, and males grow a large hump on their backs. Hence the name of the fish. Pink salmon is a valuable fish that needs protection and protection.

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The world around 3 class

Animal world

Write the names of the groups of animals listed. Use reference words if necessary.

Reference words: worms, mollusks, echinoderms, crustaceans, arachnids, amphibians, reptiles.

Frog, toad, newt are amphibians
Earthworm, leech are worms
Snail, slug, octopus, squid are shellfish
Crayfish, crab, shrimp are crustaceans
Starfish, sea urchin, sea lily are echinoderms
Spider, scorpion, haymaker - arachnids
Lizard, snake, crocodile, turtle are reptiles

Identify animals. Write the names of the animals and the groups they belong to. Use reference words as needed.

Reference words: goldfinch, haymaker, amber, otter, snake, tree frog, burbot, rhinoceros beetle, king crab.

Compare frog and toad in appearance. Tell me what are their similarities and what are their differences.

Outwardly, the toad looks larger, differs in color - the toad has yellowish skin with green spots, and the frog has light green with dark specks. The toad's head is more powerful. The hind legs of a frog look longer, while those of a toad are denser, but shorter.

You can read about other features of similarities and differences in lifestyle, nutrition, birth in the book "Green Pages" (story "Similar, but different"). This book will help you sign your drawings correctly.

Similarity: Toads and frogs are amphibians, outwardly very
similar, eggs are laid in water, tadpoles live in water,
until they turn into adults, they breathe through the skin.

Differences: toads are larger than frogs; frogs have smooth, moist
skin, and in toads - dry and bumpy; frogs jump on land, and
toads walk; toads are nocturnal, and frogs
day; frogs have teeth, but toads don't.

TOADS
There are no teeth. The pupil of the eye is horizontal. The skin is tuberculate, warty. Caviar laying in the form of a cord. It lives in forests, gardens, parks, bushes, at the bottom of ravines and steppe gullies. The toad leads a terrestrial way of life. In this regard, her skin became keratinized and much better than that of other amphibians, protected from evaporation.
Naturally, under such conditions, the breathing of the toad is carried out mainly through the lungs, since skin gas exchange is difficult. The skin of the toad is relatively dry and covered with iron tubercles to the touch, which exude acrid mucus when irritated. During the day, toads hide among stones in damp pits, climb into rodent burrows, and at night they come out to prey.
They feed exclusively on terrestrial invertebrates, among which insects predominate, including pests of forests, gardens, fields and orchards. Winter hibernation in toads lasts about 170 days. In the spring, shortly after awakening, they head to the spawning pools, where they stay for about a week, and then leave it. Egg laying takes place in late April or early May.
FROGs
The skin is smooth or slightly bumpy. The pupil of the eye is horizontal. Swimming membranes are well developed on the hind legs. The upper jaw has teeth. Caviar in the form of lumps. She leads an exclusively aquatic lifestyle throughout the year. The coloration of the body is in perfect harmony with the background of aquatic vegetation. According to the way of feeding, the lake frog is a predator. In our conditions, he leads a daytime lifestyle. Hunts for various insects. The food reflex is accompanied by the ejection of a sticky tongue, with which she covers her prey and sends it into her mouth. Having satiated, the frog goes into the water, where, in favorable conditions for it, it rests and digests food.
Frogs hibernate at the bottom of the reservoir, migrating in autumn either to deeper ones or to springs. Wintering frogs often congregate under overhanging banks or hide in basement vegetation. They come out from winter quarters from the end of March to the end of May at an air temperature of about 10-12 degrees Celsius. Between the first appearance of frogs and the beginning of spawning, it takes from a week to a month.

Build development models:

a) fish

b) frogs

c) birds

Come up with and write down 2 - 3 questions for the quiz "In the world of animals."
1. The most poisonous animal?
Answer: Sea wasp jellyfish.
2. The only dog with a non-pink tongue?
Answer: Chow Chows have a blue tongue.
3. A unique dolphin lives in the Amazon River. What colour is he?
Answer: pink
4. Who is most likely to be bitten by mosquitoes?
Answer: Children
5. How long does a baby elephant bear?
Answer: For 22 months
6. The largest animal on earth?
Answer: Blue whale

Using the Green Pages book, prepare a report about one of the animal species of any group. Write down the names of the species, groups and brief information for your message.
Beetle - deer

Belongs to the group of insects. View - beetles.
In Russian, German, English, Latin, they were called the same: beetle - deer. His horns are not real horns, but jaws. Just very overgrown. The growth of the beetle, not counting the horns, is 5 centimeters.

And together with the horns, the sun is 7 or 8 centimeters. True, only males have horns, females are hornless. Beetles live - deer in old oak forests. Their larvae develop in rotting oak wood. Deer beetles use their horns for their intended purpose. They fight among themselves because of the oak juice that flows from the wounds on the tree trunks. It serves as food for deer beetles. Males also fight over females, because there are 3-5 gentlemen for each bride.
Unfortunately, the stag beetles are disappearing! Less and less often they come across in the forest. One of the reasons for this trouble is that people catch beautiful beetles for collections or just for fun.

with. one
Appendix 2
A. A. Pleshakov Green Pages

From May to autumn, dragonflies fly over the overgrown banks of rivers and streams, ponds and lakes, along forest edges and over glades - they hunt.

And now a few more words about the merits of winged hunters before people.

The future dragonfly does not pursue its prey (various aquatic larvae, crustaceans, tadpoles), but watches, hiding in an ambush somewhere among the greenery. It only catches moving prey. Takes lightning fast! And not with legs, not with jaws, but with a “mask”. "Mask" - a long, folding lower lip, with hooks at the end. Grabbing its dinner, the larva draws it to its mouth, and then powerful jaws begin to work. At the usual time, the lip is folded and covers, like a real mask, the lower part of the physiognomy of the predator.

The larvae of small dragonflies move differently. They have three leaflets clearly visible at the posterior end of the body. These leaves serve as fins for the larva.

This is how future dragonflies live.

Dragonflies deserve careful treatment. And the guys can do a lot for them. Stop, for example, someone who is going to wash a car or a motorcycle in the river: this is very polluting the water. Do not catch dragonflies, but watch them! Maybe someone will be able to see something that even scientists do not know yet.

Page eighteen, about frogs and toads,

The dead toad was used as medicine. And terrible properties were attributed to the living: terribly poisonous, it is as if with one of its breath and even with a glance it is capable of disfiguring a person. And moreover, she is a companion of witches, other evil spirits, and meeting with her promises a person only trouble. It is clear how such meetings ended for the toads. People who believed these tales simply killed innocent animals.

Well, grateful scientists have erected monuments to frogs. But is there any gratitude to these defenseless creatures in the soul of each of us? After all, they died for the sake of our health.

And how often do guys kill frogs! Stones are thrown at them, small weak animals are tortured, unable to fend for themselves. Is it possible to?

These are the relationships that frogs and toads have with humans...

Of the frogs, the pond, lake, grass and moor frogs are especially common in our country.

The first two are green frogs.

Similar but different
Some people confuse frogs with toads, and toads with frogs. Let's compare them with each other.

What are the differences?

And toad venom can only harm a person if it gets into the mouth or into the eyes.

It is interesting that toads have absolutely no teeth, while frogs have them, however, only on the upper jaw and are very, very small.

Frogs tend to hunt day and night. Toads come out of their shelters only at night or at dusk.

Frogs and toads must live because we are stronger than them...

Frogs and toads are the keepers of balance in nature. Thank them for this!

But let's hope that over time people will cope with these troubles.