What material to choose for waterproofing the foundation. What kind of waterproofing to choose for the foundation. Types of waterproofing foundations

The foundation is an important component of any structure, the quality and stability of which determines the durability of the building as a whole. Why use insulation? The base is exposed to many negative factors - one of them is moisture, which destroys the structure. Do-it-yourself waterproofing of the foundation, performed competently according to technology, will help to cope with this trouble.

There are two types of moisture that affect the base:

melt water and precipitation falling into the ground from the outside;
bottom waters, their level is changeable, depending on the season.

What waterproofing to choose for the foundation? The base is selected based on the type of base and material; the slab and column support are protected from moisture in different ways.

It acts on the base in several ways:

if aggressive components are present in the bottom or rain moisture, then potholes and flaws caused by washing out of solid particles may appear in the body of the base;
collapses from freezing of the moisture which has got into a basis material. The only element in nature that expands when exposed to sub-zero temperatures is water. Penetrating into micropores, it exerts a strong load on the base from the inside, as a result - cracks, crevices, gaps;
washing away the soil with water leads to skew and subsidence of the structure, which can lead to the destruction of the walls.

Now it becomes clear why waterproofing the base is needed. For this reason, it is necessary to isolate the base as soon as the structure is ready.

Types of applied insulation

Three groups of arrangements for protecting the constructed foundation from groundwater can be distinguished:

horizontal waterproofing of the foundation inside the house;
creating a blind area.

Foundation waterproofing materials for the arrangement are different. There are such foundations that several types of protection are used in combination to protect them at once:

Cut-off foundation waterproofing is used for foundations on pillars and strip foundations.
Horizontal foundation waterproofing - suitable for all types of foundations. With its help limit the impact of moisture in the interlevel space. This insulation is made from different materials, depending on the construction budget.
A blind area is constructed to protect the base from rain or melt water. It is advisable to make the structure wide enough, otherwise moisture will penetrate to the base, and put an additional load on other types of insulation.

Horizontal and vertical waterproofing

These two types of base protection should be disassembled separately, the materials for waterproofing the foundation are very different from those used in the construction of the blind area.

The insulation of the buried part of the support is carried out by several types of protection:

by coating;
pasting;
plastering;
penetrating compounds;
made with the help of installation;
structural;

You need to understand what waterproofing materials for foundations to use for a certain type of foundations and how horizontal foundation waterproofing is constructed.

Coating method in isolation

Coating waterproofing of the foundation is carried out with bitumen-based mastics. Two-component and one-component compositions are used to coat the part of the base located in the ground and the walls of the building. In addition, many new, modern and high-quality insulating materials have recently appeared:

resins based on polymers and bitumen-polymer;
bitumen and rubber mastics.

Thanks to additives in bitumen, the material tolerates low temperatures well, and does not crack like ordinary bitumen when frozen. The disadvantage of modern materials is the high cost, so private developers use the base of the house as insulation.

Okleyechnaya

How to waterproof the foundation with gluing compounds? A demanded and frequently used type of protection is the use of various materials in rolls mounted on a binder layer of bitumen, such as hydrostekloizol. Pasting protection is equipped in two ways - by gluing or fusing.

Fused waterproofing involves the use of a gas burner, with which the top layer will be heated to a viscous state, after which the material is glued to the base plane. If there is no adhesive base on the roll insulation, then mastic is used as a binder from the outside. You need to choose the right material.

Before equipping the insulation, the surface is primed.

Adhesive materials are:

roofing - is considered an obsolete material for insulation, but is still widely used. Due to its low cost and the ability to quickly recover in case of damage. This is cardboard, the surface of which is treated with bitumen;
glassine is a good waterproofing material based on thick construction cardboard, treated on both sides with bitumen. It cannot be said that this is a reliable insulation, but the cost of a roll coating allows you to save;
roofing material is the leader among insulating materials, good insulating characteristics and affordable price make the material in demand among developers. But it is worth noting that the service life is short;
materials based on polymers, with bituminous impregnation at the base of which fiberglass or polyester is used. There are several common insulation options: Gidrostekloizol, Linocom, Technokol, Bikrost, and so on.

The most reliable options for foundation waterproofing are the materials listed in the last list, but often their use entails additional costs. Hydrostekloizol is especially in demand, its technical characteristics and the latest technologies in production make it possible to insulate the foundation inside an old house for a period of 30 years.

But it is worth noting that these materials serve for a long time, which allows you to save on the frequency of repairs. Another positive point is the ability to apply hydrostekloizol for any building materials:

metal;
concrete;
tree;
asphalt concrete;
gidrostekloizol is used for repeated and restoration of waterproofing without dismantling the old coating.

Plaster protection

Do-it-yourself waterproofing of the foundation on piles using plastering or painting is impractical and unreliable. Such insulation serves only five years, after which repair work will have to be carried out.

Insulation with penetrating compounds

An excellent way to treat the base to protect the base from moisture, penetrating foundation waterproofing is able to clog all the pores of the concrete, while increasing the resistance of the material to the effects of a humid environment. Usually this protection is used in combination with other types of insulation - gluing or coating. Mining was previously used as a penetrating waterproofing.

The penetration depth of the insulation reaches 25 cm, but more expensive materials are buried by a meter. The disadvantage of this method is the limitation in use - it is only suitable for concrete bases.

There are the most popular compositions that are used to process the foundation for waterproofing:

"Penecrete";
"Penaplag";
"Hydrohit";
"Penotron".

This insulation is most effective on new builds as the surface must be clean, free of grease and level.

Recently, many construction companies offer such a service as waterproofing the foundation with polyurea. This is an innovation in the arrangement of the insulation of supports, produced by spraying, and guarantees high-quality protection.

Mounted insulation

This isolation method is used when the bottom water level is high and exerts a lot of pressure on the base. Equip on foundations of tape type with. Various materials are used for mounted protection, for example, sheet steel, which is sheathed on the inside of the base. The metal should be 6 mm thick. This method is used very rarely, due to the high cost.

From the outside, brickwork is erected along the perimeter of the foundation.

It is erected after carrying out insulation work by coating or pasting methods. In this situation, the waterproofing between the foundation and the masonry will be protected from mechanical damage.

Structural waterproofing of the foundation slab is the addition of special insulating additives directly to the concrete. It is used very rarely due to the high cost, so it is better to choose more economical materials.

Injection isolation

This method is used for injecting foundations that are in operation when repairing the waterproofing of the foundation is needed. This technology contributes to the protection of the base from the effects of moisture, without developing soil around the perimeter. Injectors are brought to the base, which are able to deliver insulating material.

The following compositions are used:

resin;
rubber;
foam;
acrylate gel;
polymers;
cement mortars.

This method involves the use of special equipment and a professional approach, so it is impossible to do injection insulation with your own hands. But at the same time, you can easily waterproof the existing foundation of an old house.

The arrangement of the blind area

In the case of using external waterproofing to protect the base, the following materials are used:

sidewalk tile;
concrete;
diffusion membrane for foundation waterproofing;
asphalt concrete.

The choice of material for arranging the blind area depends on the foundation, the availability of material, financial capabilities, the preferences of the owners and the design of the building. If we are talking about savings, then the best option would be laying asphalt or concrete. Typically, this option is used to protect foundations in apartment buildings, industrial facilities and administrative buildings.

Builders advise for private houses to use a waterproofing membrane for the foundation, as it is the most reliable protection option.

Technological features of waterproofing of different types of bases

Different types of building foundations require separate types of insulation. Before pouring, you need to determine what measures to perform for high-quality waterproofing.

Strip base insulation

For prefabricated and monolithic options, the waterproofing of the strip foundation has distinctive features. The prefabricated view of the base requires the following actions:

waterproofing of the foundation slab of industrial production and the concrete walls of the basement require the arrangement of a high-quality, reinforced seam joint;
waterproofing of the foundation walls with rolled material is laid from the first seam located at the lower level of the basement flooring;
at the joints of the foundation structure and walls, along the edge of the foundation, insulating material is mounted;
external waterproofing of the foundation of the buried part is carried out in a vertical way;
blind area installation.

Bituminous waterproofing of the foundation is not used to isolate the joints, as it can lead to displacements of the structural elements of the foundation. In this case, you need to mount a full-fledged, thickened concrete seam.

The edge of the foundation is insulated to fully protect the base material from destruction under the influence of moisture. The foundation is waterproofing pasting, performed with roll materials, pasting type.

Vertical waterproofing of the new strip foundation is carried out along the outer perimeter of the building, this helps to protect not only the structure of the support, but also the interior of the basement.

Coating and pasting waterproofing of the foundation can be used. The inner side is isolated during finishing work, it is permissible to use an injection and penetrating type of protection.

For waterproofing a monolithic tape, the following measures are needed:

vertical protection;
insulation of the edge of the base;
arrangement of the blind area.

The sequence of work is carried out in the same order as when protecting the prefabricated type of base.

Pile and column foundation - waterproofing

These types of bases do not require complex isolation from the influences of a humid environment. The main work will consist only in measures to protect the edge of the foundation, with a priming solution. The main attention should be paid to the grillage, the location of the waterproofing depends on the material of its manufacture.

If the grillage and supports are monolithic, then the protection is laid at the points of contact between the walls and the base. If a basement is equipped, then it is waterproofed from the outside and from the inside from groundwater.

When using a screw base, on the pillars, which immediately fit the first row of a wooden house, the insulation is equipped with waterproofing between the foundation and the wall.

Slab foundation protection

Do you need moisture? The answer is yes. For quality protection, you need to provide the following:

footing made of depleted concrete, for isolating the slab support from bottom waters;
waterproofing of the footing, it is treated with mastic;
external waterproofing.

When arranging the second layer of the slab, it is necessary to carry out high-quality insulation using the most modern materials. It should be understood that as the waterproofing under the foundation slab will be incorrect, it will be impossible to restore the waterproofing of the foundation when it is destroyed.

If the building is small and has a low specific gravity, you can use a simple bifold polyethylene film, which is laid on the footing.

After the plate is ready, it is worth taking care of its external insulation using roll material. Particular attention should be paid to the connections of the base and walls of the house.

Now you understand how to properly waterproof the foundation.

In custody

To the question of whether it is necessary to waterproof the foundation or not, you can safely answer - yes, it is necessary to carry out work on arranging the protection of the support from moisture. Which waterproofing is better to protect the foundation from the inside can only be determined by studying all the rules for the arrangement and the material from which the building support is made.

Waterproofing is a very important and crucial stage in the construction of a building, the strength, reliability, comfort and service life of which will largely depend on the correctness and quality of its implementation. The strip foundation is popular today due to its simplicity of design, durability, performance, functionality.

The belt structure can be built on almost any type of soil, offers a choice of several project options, and allows the use of various building materials.

But the main problem of this type of foundation is contact with the soil along the entire perimeter of the soil, which provokes the risk of concrete getting wet and the negative impact of moisture on the entire building. In order to avoid such problems, waterproofing measures are carried out - both before the construction of the foundation, and after.

Do I need to waterproof the strip foundation

All types of strip foundations used today in construction are completely or partially composed of concrete. Concrete has a porous structure, which is why the material actively absorbs water.

When the temperature drops and minus is reached, the water solidifies in the pores of the monolith and destroys it from the inside, causing cracks, delaminations, chips, complete deformation and destruction.

Waterproofing the strip foundation in the ground makes it possible to protect the monolith from moisture and water. In this case, it is possible to significantly increase the life and improve the quality of building operation, eliminate the possibility of mold and fungus inside the premises, avoid shrinkage, the spread of cracks and deformations in the base structure, and corrosion of metal elements.

Measures for waterproofing the foundation must be carried out without fail, regardless of the level of groundwater, the type of soil, the structural features of the foundation itself, and the materials used in its construction.

But the choice of a specific waterproofing material and protection technology is carried out in accordance with many factors.

Differences between a shallow and ordinary foundation

There are practically no fundamental differences in the installation of insulation of these types of foundations. Only the area of treatment with compositions, the volumes of materials, the duration of all works differ. differs from the usual one only in the depth of immersion, but the technology of work is used alone.

Here it is worth remembering that the difference in the depth of immersion of a concrete structure means a noticeable difference in the density of contacts of the monolith and moisture from the soil. The usual type of strip foundation is lowered to a depth below the soil freezing limit. The base is located in more difficult conditions, is affected by changes in the water level, periodic influx of melt moisture, rain.

Therefore, in this case, waterproofing work is carried out using better materials and sophisticated technologies in comparison with the processing of a shallow structure.

Waterproofing methods

There are two main methods for waterproofing a strip foundation - horizontal and vertical methods, each of which is performed according to a specific technology, using certain materials.

Horizontal

It is necessary to think about how to waterproof a strip foundation of a horizontal type even at the stage of designing a structure. Preparatory activities can take up to 17 days (in addition to the main work). Horizontal insulation protects the foundation from capillary groundwater in the corresponding plane. Be sure to include a drainage system, equipped when groundwater occurs at a high level.

A solid base is made under the tape, a waterproofing layer is mounted on it. Often, for this, a pillow of greater thickness is created than the future foundation. The easiest option (suitable for a bath, garage, etc.) is to make a cement and sand screed in a 1: 2 ratio.

Horizontal waterproofing technology:

Sand filling the bottom of the pit with a layer up to 30 centimeters thick, tamping.
Filling the pillow with a cement screed with a layer of 6-8 centimeters, hardening for 2 weeks.
Covering the screed with bituminous mastic, mounting sheets of roofing felt over the bitumen layer, repeating layers of mastic + roofing material. A cement screed is poured from above with a layer of 6-8 centimeters, solidification.
Foundation construction.

In some cases, drainage may be necessary: if the depth of the structure is below or at the level of groundwater, when the permeability of the soil is low and moisture can accumulate in it.

Performing drainage:

At 100 centimeters from the base along the perimeter of the structure, they dig a pit up to 30 centimeters wide and 25 centimeters deeper than the foundation pouring depth. The pit should have a slope towards the catchment area, where water will accumulate.
Covering the bottom with a layer of geotextile with an overlap of at least 60 centimeters on the walls.
A layer of gravel 5 centimeters thick is laid.
Installation of a drainage pipe with a slope to the water collector equal to about 5 mm / 1 running meter.
Backfilling the pipe with a layer of gravel 25 centimeters, wrapping the sandwich with the geotextile edges left earlier, backfilling.

Such measures allow water to enter the pipe, eliminating the possibility of clogging. Moisture will freely go into the sump.

vertical

This type of waterproofing of the strip foundation involves the processing of ready-made base walls with different materials. Work can be performed both during the construction of the building and after its completion. In addition, vertical insulation from water can be primary (when special hydrophobic additives are used in the construction of the structure, which increase the resistance of concrete to moisture) or secondary (if the first type of insulation was not performed).

At the place of arrangement, vertical waterproofing can be external and internal. To accomplish the task, plasters, coating compositions, paint and varnish coatings, various sealing impregnations, gluing materials, antiseptics, biocides, etc. are used.

The need for vertical waterproofing:

When the base is affected by moisture from the soil, which is retained in the soil by adhesive or capillary forces and stays there permanently, regardless of the levels of groundwater, seepage water.
If melt and rain water fills the pores in the soil and gets deep into the ground, seeping into the depth of the foundation.
When the surface layer of underground moisture lies close.

Usually, not only the underground part of the foundation is isolated, but also the aboveground part, in order to exclude the influence of water that has risen up through the capillaries.

Which method is the best

Experienced craftsmen, answering the question of whether it is necessary to waterproof the strip foundation, argue that both types are necessary and desirable. Both horizontal and vertical protection are required.- only in this case it is possible to guarantee a long service life of the building and the absence of any structural damage.

Pile-strip foundation insulation

The work includes two stages: high-quality processing of all piles and covering with an insulating layer of tape. To protect the supports, various methods and materials are used - bored piles can be poured into tubes made of a special waterproof material, and driven piles can be protected where possible. But manufacturers usually make modern supports from moisture-resistant concrete (with special additives), so they are not afraid of moisture.

For processing the tape, you can also choose different options - coating (bitumen, tar), rolled (roofing material), spraying with a rubber-bitumen composition, using polyurethane foam, etc.

The material is chosen in accordance with the relevance of its cost, the requirements for the level of protection, the structural features of the foundation and the ability to implement a particular technology.

How to protect the foundation from moisture

When a strip foundation is being protected, waterproofing must meet the same requirements as in any other case - do not allow water to penetrate into the concrete and destroy it, counteract seasonal temperature changes, and serve for a long time and with high quality.

The main types of waterproofing

There are only two types of work - horizontal insulation involves laying a layer at the construction stage of the structure and protects against underground moisture, vertical waterproofing of the base walls. A separate subtype is drainage, which is equipped in the most difficult cases.

According to the type of material, waterproofing can be:

Pasting - rolled materials are used (roofing material, geotextiles, various types of films)
Coating - mastics are used with cold / hot bitumen, polymeric substances
Sprayed - when a layer of liquid material is applied using a special spray gun
Impregnation - slabs and blocks are treated with compounds that can penetrate into the pores of concrete and make them resistant to moisture

Some waterproofing methods can be implemented by hand at home, while others require the use of industrial equipment, special tools, knowledge, and skills.

Performing waterproofing when laying

In the process of laying a strip foundation, waterproofing is carried out in several stages.

Sequence of work:

Formation of a sand and gravel cushion at the bottom of the trench with a layer up to 30 centimeters thick, tamping, leveling.
Laying a concrete screed with a layer of up to 8 centimeters, after 14 days surface treatment with molten bitumen or mastic based on it, installation of a layer of roofing material, again passing with bitumen and again roofing material. From above, they are again poured with concrete up to 8 centimeters thick.
Implementation of further construction work in 14 days.

Waterproofing after the construction of the foundation

When the tape is ready, you can waterproof the foundation using different materials. You can do this both during the creation of the foundation, and after its completion. The simplest method is the complete processing of the tape with one or two layers of molten bitumen or mastic based on it. Roll materials are also used, the method of spraying various compositions.

Drainage

Drainage is carried out under the condition of a high groundwater flow. In this case, waterproofing cannot cope with the protection, and to protect the base from water, a system of underground channels is created that remove excess moisture. Drainage is required on heaving soils.

Types of drainage:

Ring - mounted below the basement floor level, 5-8 meters from the walls of the building in the format of an open / solid circle with isolation from the water of the internal space.
Wall-mounted - relevant for clay soils, it is equipped outside the building at such a distance from the walls that is equal to the width of the base structure. The depth of the laying is not more than the depth of the foundation.
Reservoir - suitable for a high level of groundwater passage, when pipes are mounted under the base.

The sequence of work is simple: first, a ditch is dug along the general perimeter of the base, a pillow is formed from large rubble or broken bricks, drainage pipes are laid on top at an angle, and everything is covered with geotextile. The flow of water is carried out in wells specially provided for this, then the water is taken away from the site.

blind area

To save the foundation from rain, melt water, they equip the blind area, which runs along the entire perimeter of the building. The blind area is a not very wide concrete tape, made under a slope to the walls of the building from the outside, equal to about 2-5 degrees.

To make a blind area, soil around the building is chosen with a layer up to 50 centimeters deep and 30 centimeters wide more than the roof overhang. A sand and gravel cushion is formed in the trench, followed by tamping and leveling. A layer of concrete screed of at least 5 centimeters is poured from above. If you plan to walk along the blind area, the width of the screed should be about 10 centimeters.

What materials should be used

When it comes to the question of whether it is necessary to waterproof the strip foundation and what is the best way to protect it, it is necessary to proceed from factors such as the structural features of the base itself and the entire building, the type of soil, operating conditions, etc. There are many materials on the market today and choosing the most relevant option is not difficult.

Foundation waterproofing materials:

Rolled (they are pasting) - produced in the format of films, membranes, bituminous sheets, mounted on a layer of mastic or by heating, landing on glue (already applied to sheets).
Coating - bitumen, cold mastics, various compositions for application in liquid form, followed by solidification.
Penetrating - sprayed or applied with a brush, absorbed into the concrete monolith, followed by crystallization and filling of its pores, which makes the concrete resistant to moisture.
Injection - similar in action to penetrating, applied by drilling holes in concrete and then distributing the composition under pressure, due to which the monolith is impregnated and strengthened from the inside.
Painting - liquid polyurethane foam, liquid rubber can be used, which completely harden after application and create a water-repellent elastic film. They don't last long, but they're easy to apply.

Types of insulation

There are many types of waterproofing. At the selection stage, it is important to correctly determine the appropriate option and not save on the quality of materials.

Bituminous coating

This method is considered the fastest, cheapest, most popular. The foundation walls are completely covered with bitumen-based mastic, which fills chips and microcracks, pores, preventing moisture from penetrating into them.

Bitumen-based coating waterproofing can be one-component (bitumen bar, which is heated before application) or include several different additives (supplied in a container, after mixing a chemical reaction takes place and the mixture acquires a liquid consistency).

The composition is applied to the surface of the foundation with a brush, before the start of work, the monolith is thoroughly dedusted and cleaned of dirt with brushes. This type of waterproofing is relatively inexpensive, all work can be done independently, updating the layer (repair is not expected, installation of rolled waterproofing is possible from above) will be required in 5-7 years.

Roll waterproofing

Also not a very expensive option. The most popular method is considered to be laying roofing material. There may also be sheets of isoelast, aquaisol, and other materials. They are relevant for waterproofing any type of foundation, roof, pools, and other structures. Protect concrete including from a strong pressure of ground waters. Houses without a basement require vertical and horizontal waterproofing.

Types of roll waterproofing materials:

Floating - before application, they are heated (using a burner), then glued to a concrete monolith and wait for solidification.
Pasting - mounted with a composition based on bitumen or other adhesive substance. There are materials already with a self-adhesive layer, which are applied quickly and easily.

The main advantages of rolled materials are ease and simplicity of installation, long service life, excellent water-repellent characteristics, a high level of mechanical strength, and reliability.

The technology is quite simple: first, the surface is prepared (it must be even, dry, clean), then a layer of bitumen is applied (the welded materials and self-adhesive films are immediately mounted on the base), the rolled material is glued with an overlap of 15 centimeters at the joints, which are then soldered with a gas burner.

Waterproofing with plasters

Plaster mixtures include moisture-resistant components. The mixture must be prepared according to the instructions, applied with an ordinary spatula to the foundation, pre-upholstered with a special plastic mesh. The main advantages of this method are: speed and ease of work, service life in the range of 10-15 years, low cost. But microcracks can appear in the plaster and it demonstrates far from the maximum resistance to moisture.

The use of liquid rubber

The composition is applied to a necessarily pre-primed surface with a roller, brush or a special sprayer. Supplied in ready-to-use format. Often, after opening the container, the composition is not stored for a long time - it must be used immediately. It serves up to 50 years, the work is carried out easily and simply, very high waterproofing properties are guaranteed.

Often, to implement the task, it is necessary to use a special sprayer, which complicates the process, especially if everything needs to be done by hand. The price of the compositions is quite high, so they are not very popular on the market today.

Penetrating waterproofing

The most expensive and effective method of waterproofing a strip (and any other) foundation. The penetrating mixture is prepared on the basis of cement, quartz sand and special additives. The process is similar to plastering walls, some compositions can be applied with a brush or sprayed. After the layer is completed, special crystals are created in the concrete monolith that strengthen the concrete and repel liquid.

The main advantages of the material: high quality protection, complete absence of seams, ease of application, versatility, safety for human health.

Screened waterproofing

The method is rarely used. The principle of mounting the protection is as follows: special mats are attached to the surface of the foundation with a special mounting gun, which have the property of repelling water. Panels can also be attached, which are inserted into the locks located at the edges. It is impossible to carry out such work on your own, the whole process is carried out by specialists, provided that they have a license.

Horizontal waterproofing

This type of protection is designed to protect the base and the building from the damaging effects of capillary moisture. A tape of material is laid on the surface of the concrete, protruding 15 centimeters beyond the edges of the walls. The tape can be laid independently without fastening and base or as a covering layer on a coating of mastic or other composition.

Spray insulation

Modern technology, which is used both for the protection of new structures and for the restoration of old waterproofing coatings. The main advantages of the method: simplicity and high speed of the task, long service life, complete absence of seams in the layer, fast hardening, safety for health and the absence of toxic substances in the composition, resistance to ultraviolet radiation, elasticity.

Of the shortcomings, only the high cost of such protection can be mentioned, since special equipment will be required to carry out the work.

Sequence of work

Regardless of which material is chosen, the work is carried out according to the same principle.

Stages of waterproofing:

The choice of material and method of its application
Thorough surface preparation - drying, cleaning, leveling
Application of a preparatory layer (not all methods require this) - coating with mastic, glue, etc.
Installation of waterproofing material - spraying, gluing, spreading with a brush or roller, fixing in other ways
Waiting for complete drying/hardening
Applying a second layer (if the technology provides)

What to do if the house is built without foundation waterproofing

Waterproofing work to protect the strip foundation must be carried out during the construction process. If the house has already been built, but there is no insulation from moisture, urgent measures must be taken. In this case, the basement or house is completely dug out along the perimeter of the base, starting from the corners and going to the walls of the foundation (so as not to violate the fortress of the building).

Further, the walls are cleaned of dust and dirt, without the use of water. All pores, cracks, cracks, recesses are freed from the ground, filled with cement mortar or a special adhesive composition. When the walls are dry, they need to be treated with bitumen-based mastic.

The roofing felt is cut into pieces of the desired size, fastened using a gas burner with an overlap on the walls horizontally, then another layer of material is applied vertically. At the corners of the structure, the rolled material must be wrapped and overlaps formed. At the end, drainage is done, the soil is poured back, rammed, and the blind area is poured.

Waterproofing a strip foundation is a very important and responsible process that requires the use of high-quality materials and strict adherence to technology. At the stage of foundation construction, it is advisable to take care of two types of protection against water - horizontal and vertical.

Depending on the chosen method of work, they can be performed independently or with the involvement of specialists.

The durability of the structure and the comfort of living in it depend on how well the waterproofing is done, because violations of the technological process of waterproofing the foundation of a building can cause its destruction, and also affect the amount of moisture and mold formation, which adversely affects human health.

The construction of any residential building begins with the construction of the foundation. But after its construction, it is necessary to provide it with protection from the influence of destructive factors. And first of all, it should be protected from moisture, that is, you need to make waterproofing for it.

Types of waterproofing

There are certain types of insulation, including gluing waterproofing of the foundation, coating and built-up. There is an opinion that concrete, which is used as a foundation material, is waterproof. However, this is not quite true. With prolonged contact with water, this mixture of concrete with moisture forms microscopic cracks in it, which, as a result of a temperature difference, simply destroys the foundation from the inside. Therefore, almost everywhere it is necessary to carry out waterproofing of the base of a residential building, and the choice of the type of insulation depends on many nuances.

The foundation of any building should be protected from two types of water: from precipitation and from groundwater. In order for the foundation not to suffer from precipitation, cut-off insulation, such as a blind area, is used. This is its main function. In the variant with surface moisture, the blind area must be done to absolutely all buildings. But waterproofing from groundwater is not always needed. It cannot be said that there are no underground currents in some territory. But it all depends on how deep they run and to what level they can rise.

External insulation

External waterproofing is best done, as a rule, when new construction is carried out. External insulation is a kind of cut-off coating, which is closed in a circle and does not allow water to penetrate inside. The coating is located on the outside of the building and moisture cannot penetrate the structure of the concrete, which prevents it from collapsing.

Internal insulation

If you use this method, then you should know that it protects the foundation only from the inside of the building. This method lends itself better to simple and quick repairs, especially if it is paint insulation, but the process of concrete freezing and thawing can occur.

Underground insulation "house in a bag"

For this type of insulation, a special PVC membrane is used. This pvc membrane should be up to two millimeters thick. Such cut-off insulation is not reinforced, and also does not have protection against ultraviolet radiation.

Digging a foundation pit. A thin cement screed is placed at the bottom. Then the bottom is covered with PVC membranes and welded. Around the perimeter, membranes are released about a meter. Now the base and walls are being made. It is also desirable to cover the walls with PVC cut-off material and hermetically connect them together. This PVC membrane is applied in a horizontal position by about eighty millimeters overlap, and it is mechanically laid vertically. Excess PVC material is subsequently soldered using hot air or a gas burner. The edges of the PVC membrane are fixed using special strips, fasteners or sealant. It should be noted that the movement and movement of the base do not affect the tightness of PVC insulation.

When is groundwater waterproofing necessary?

The choice to do or not to insulate underground depends on many factors. Waterproofing is necessary in cases where the groundwater level is less than one meter below the foundation. This value also takes into account the spring rise of waters. If underground currents lie at a depth of more than one meter from the foundation, then waterproofing is not necessary. However, it happens that the waters can rise not only in seasons, but after several years. Therefore, it is desirable to make at least the cheapest insulation, especially if the foundation is cement. There are cases when the level of water rise is higher than the foundation. Then it is necessary to carry out not only insulation, but also drainage in order to divert water from the base of the house.

Insulation is also required when a building is built on soils such as clay or loam. It is also worth paying attention to the composition of waters, because sometimes there are very aggressive currents, the mixture of elements of which has a negative effect on concrete, which leads to the formation of concrete corrosion.

Waterproofing classifications

There are several classifications by which I distinguish waterproofing and determine its main types. Depending on the purpose, waterproofing is divided into the following types:

Antifiltration. This is the heaviest type of foundation insulation, the choice of which is made on difficult and unique construction sites. It is not worth it to equip such insulation with your own hands without special skills. It is used where houses are built on wet soils and have a strong load on the foundation of the house.
Anti-corrosion. This type of isolation, depending on the technology of conducting, is divided into:
1. vertical. They are applied in the lower underground part of the foundation to the very basement of the building.
2. Horizontal. Thanks to horizontal insulation, capillary protection of the lower and upper planes of the foundation is produced.

All of the above base protection means are divided into types of waterproofing, depending on the material of their arrangement:

Gluing method of waterproofing. Pasting waterproofing of the foundation involves the use of multilayer membranes of a diverting nature, the thickness of which reaches five millimeters, or roll components (for example, a mixture of roofing material or bitumen polymer). The membrane can be made from bitumen. Insulation rolls can be self-adhesive or flat applied with hair dryers or burners. After the membrane or roll is applied to the foundation, they must be processed with a roller. Everything can be done by hand, it is not very difficult. These methods of isolation have a serious disadvantage - the formation of joints and seams, which in the future may imply a violation of tightness.

Coating methods. Such isolation is carried out using elastic mastic and membranes up to three millimeters. This waterproofing is applied with spatulas or brushes, and sometimes it is sprayed with a special spray gun for large volumes. Very often, the insulation is reinforced with a reinforcement mesh or a special technical fabric. The price of such insulation is an order of magnitude higher than pasting.

Fused insulation. Fused foundation waterproofing is typically used for the reinforced concrete foundation insulation process and is not used for timber foundations.

Hydraulic additives for concrete make the solution resistant to moisture

To carry out such isolation with your own hands, you need to perform a number of actions:

Prepare the base surface. Clean everything from dust, dirt and all elements that may interfere with the adhesion of the material to the foundation, all sharp elements are eliminated.
Treat with a primer solution and wait until this mixture dries (about twenty-four hours)
The application of a rolled component (for example, lynocre) is carried out in the process of melting the lower part of the rolled roll with a burner flame with simultaneous heating of the foundation surface. The roll is slowly rolled out and pressed against the foundation.

Types of base protection

In addition to all the above methods of isolating the foundation, there are also additional types of protection that you can do yourself:

Installation of a warm blind area;
Masonry drainage and drainage;
Treatment with a special solution of the entire foundation;
Construction of a clay castle on all sides of the foundation.

Insulation depending on the foundation

In addition to the fact that waterproofing can be of different types, it can also have its own subtle nuances, depending on what material was laid in the foundation itself.

Waterproofing of the base from monolithic concrete

Usually, the protection of a monolithic base can be done by one's own hands in a variety of ways. At the moment, the most popular method for waterproofing such a base is considered to be using specially designed hydraulic additives with a funny solution. In this case, the price of insulation is acceptable and the quality is good. Now there are many manufacturers and types of similar additives in concrete. At first it may seem that they have the same properties and characteristics, but if you delve a little into the study of this issue, you can find many differences.

For example, if you purchase a high-quality additive, you can achieve an increase in concrete compaction by almost ten to twelve atmospheres. However, it is worth noting that the price of higher quality products is higher. If we talk about additives that should increase the moisture resistance of the material, then those that form crystals are considered the highest quality. However, in addition to the fact that such a foundation needs to be insulated using hydraulic additives, it is still desirable to install drainage and a linear drainage system for additional protection.

Base isolation from FBS blocks

Such a foundation is best isolated using a mixture based on bitumen or roofing material. Such materials are cheap and reliable. However, the service life of such protection is short, and at sub-zero temperatures, such protection loses its elasticity. That is, it cannot be used where the weather is predominantly cold.

Popular insulation products

There are several materials that are currently very popular and in demand in the construction market: penetron, linocrom, penoplex.

Penetron. The most popular insulation is now considered to be the one that is performed using Penetron material. This component allows insulation to be carried out by increasing the water resistance of concrete. Penetron creates a grid of crystals in the pores and cracks of the material, which consists of randomly placed crystals. Crystals are produced from the action of the chemical part of the Penetron material with water and concrete elements. That is, the penetron compacts the concrete so much that all cracks are well overgrown, and water cannot penetrate. In monolithic foundations, the use of such material as penetron is especially popular. It can be used both in prefabricated structures and in folding ones.

As part of the Penetron insulator, there are two components that act in the same way, but are introduced into concrete in different ways. There is Penetron, which penetrates the material by simply applying it in two layers on a wet base plane. And there is Penetron, which gets it as an additive.

External waterproofing of the foundation with roll materials

Linocrom is already a rolled material that is produced by TechnoNIKOL. Linocrom is a deposited material with a multilayer structure. Linocrom is made by applying a bituminous mixture to a strong and non-rotting base from both sides. And on top of the linocrom has a layer of protection. Linocrom has many advantages, among which are: moisture resistance, biostability, and resistance to decay. A large layer of bitumen with specially designed polyolefin additives is also applied to the linocrom plane. Thus, linokrom does not give in to negative influence of environment.
Penoplex is a Russian brand that specializes in the production of extruded polystyrene foam. Penoplex also produces waterproofing of the foundation. This material has a number of advantages: the base of the house is insulated with foam plastic, because it has a low thermal conductivity; it is very durable; foam isolate the foundation, because it almost does not absorb moisture. It is also worth noting that with foam insulation in isolation, you can forget about mold and fungi. Penoplex not only insulates and insulates the foundation, but also insulates pipes, walls, and so on.

Bikrost is a bituminous rolled component. Bikrost is designed to insulate foundations and vapor barrier monolithic buildings. Bikrost is considered an economical and fairly high-quality material. Bikrost is made on the equipment of the European standard by applying bitumen and a special filler to the fiberglass. As a protection, coarse-grained and fine-grained dressing is also applied to the bicrost. Bicrost also contains a polymer film. Bikrost is of two types. But only Bikrost P is suitable for waterproofing the base of houses.

The cost of waterproofing

As a rule, all construction companies and firms seek to save on materials. Waterproofing the base is also the area that falls under the "savings". However, if the building is built not for the public, but for themselves, then here the builders must adhere to all the conditions for materials and quality. And if you do everything yourself, then the cost will be even lower. The price of waterproofing a house on average can range from sixty to three hundred rubles per square meter. However, there are more innovative technologies, the price of which is much higher. However, a guarantee for such waterproofing can be given for fifty years of service.

If you use reliable waterproofing, as well as additionally install certain types of protection for the foundation, you can be sure of the reliability and security of the supporting base from various environmental influences.

At the moment, there are many opportunities to waterproof the foundation with your own hands. However, if you do not have enough skills, then you should contact qualified specialists.

Foundation waterproofing - materials, types, choice and methods

Foundation waterproofing. Types of external and internal waterproofing. The choice of waterproofing depending on the type of foundation.

Waterproofing for the foundation is possible only taking into account several factors, such as: type of soil, groundwater level, climatic conditions, type of foundation. You can do without waterproofing in hot regions with a minimum of precipitation and low humidity, as well as with deep passage of groundwater. In other cases, waterproofing is necessary for any structure. Read more about what is foundation waterproofing, types of waterproofing, methods of application in our article.

External waterproofing of the basement Source ideas.mthoodwellness.com

How does moisture affect the foundation

Water leads to a violation of the integrity of the foundation in at least two ways.

First of all, this is the washing out of concrete, the appearance of roughness and potholes on its surface.

No less dangerous is the icing of water that has entered the pores of concrete. When water freezes, it tends to expand in volume rather than contract. Penetrating into the foundation structure, in a frozen state, it destroys it inside, forming cracks and crevices. Therefore, during construction, the waterproofing of the foundation should be carried out during the construction process.

Destruction of the foundation due to lack of waterproofing Source homeklondike.site

Why waterproofing

In the basement of a building without good waterproofing, flooding and smudges on the floor, mold on the walls will certainly appear. In such a house it is unacceptable to save food or household items. It is important to choose high quality materials for waterproofing, follow the technology of building a foundation in order to protect the house from the damaging effects of moisture.

Waterproofing performs important tasks:

strengthens the foundation and extends the service life;
prevents warping of the walls of the house and the formation of cracks;
prevents walls from leaking and the presence of water in basements, mold formation; protects from natural destroyers

Types of moisture insulation

It is divided into the following types:

horizontal;
vertical;
blind area device.

In some cases, all means of protection are used at once.

Horizontal waterproofing

It is used to prevent the transfer of moisture from one level to another. Designed for all types of foundations: strip, slab, individual supports.

Horizontal insulation - more often used to protect the walls of the house Source doerken.com

Such protection is the processing of the walls of an already finished foundation. Vertical waterproofing is designed to protect the foundation of the structure from the influence of surface water. It is necessary only for tape and columnar supports of the structure.

Vertical waterproofing directly protects the sap foundation Source acost.ru

blind area device

This type of protection protects the foundation from the action of precipitation and melted snow in spring. In this case, the width of the structure plays an important role. With insufficient width, moisture will be discharged a short distance and will be able to reach the foundation.

For its construction, the following means are used:

asphalt concrete;
concrete;
sidewalk tile;
clay;
waterproof membranes.

The method of constructing the blind area is selected, taking into account the architectural properties and the price of materials. The most budgetary option for a blind area would be its construction from concrete or asphalt. This method does not add decorativeness, but protects the base of the building without significant financial costs and labor costs. The construction of a blind area made of concrete or asphalt is widespread in the large-scale construction of high-rise residential buildings and collective buildings.

The blind area prevents moisture from running off the walls under the foundation Source domexpert.pp.ua

General technical rules

There are a number of technical requirements for each insulation method.

Be sure to take into account the height of surface water.
Consider the purpose and operating conditions of the facility.
Provide for the possibility of floods or heavy precipitation.
Take into account the properties of the soil during frosts.

The optimal method of strip foundation protection is to combine vertical waterproofing in combination with horizontal type protection.

Insulation according to application

Vertical and horizontal insulation according to the method of application can be divided into the following types:

pasting;
plastering;
painting;
mounted;
injection.

Let's consider these methods in more detail.

Okleyechnaya

Pasting insulation against moisture is based on the use of roll products on a bituminous binder. A built-up or pasting material is used to waterproof the foundation. This method involves applying a heated layer of glue, and gluing it to the surface. To make such protection without using a layer of glue, you will need to use bituminous mastic instead of fastening.

Gluing waterproofing is most often applied in a "hot" way Source remdim.info

Adhesives include:

roofing material - the most popular method;
roofing, which is still used, given its cheapness, but it should not be used as protection for the main structures of structures;
glassine - thick cardboard impregnated with bituminous binder;
polymeric materials with bituminous impregnation.

Plaster

This waterproofing belongs to the type of coating.

Now there are many means of protection against moisture - these are solutions in which, in addition to asphalt or cement with sand, there are additives that give useful properties.

The most common among them are: liquid glass, sodium aluminate, ceresite.

Plaster insulation is “smeared” on the foundation Source ecotg.ru

Painting shop

Paint waterproofing can be hot or cold and involves the application of a complex layer 1-1 mm thick of protective agents. The most suitable among them are hot polymer-bitumen and cold epoxy-rubber coatings. Such a foundation waterproofing device is widely used to protect against capillary moisture.

Paint insulation is more liquid than plaster. Source 76pss.ru

mounted

Various fiberglass, rigid polyvinyl chloride, prefabricated reinforced concrete products are used for mounted waterproofing. The disadvantage is the high cost and laboriousness of preparatory work. Such insulation is used when the use of conventional waterproofing is not possible.

Mounted roll foundation waterproofing Source kostroma-remont.ru

injection

This method of waterproofing is based on the process of creating a membrane between a layer of wet soil and the foundation. The method consists in introducing a hydrophobic gel into the structure, which, when solidified, closes all the pores, preventing water from penetrating.

Video description

What is injection waterproofing and how it is used for restoration work, see the video:

What affects the installation of waterproofing

The foundation is the backbone of any home. The service life of the building as a whole depends on its construction. Before starting, you should outline a set of ongoing waterproofing works.

The following factors can influence the decision: the height of the flow of groundwater, the forces of a frost increase in the volume of the soil, the circumstances of the operation of the building, and the heterogeneity of the soil.

Types of foundation installation

With a tape type, the foundation is built in the form of a tape at a certain depth. The canvas rests on foundation slabs, which allows you to evenly distribute the load over the entire surface.

Pile - the most budgetary and simple type of foundation, in which the consumption of materials is minimal. It is a separate pillar and is used in the construction of buildings that do not need a continuous tape support. These are light houses, in the design of which there is a load-bearing lower beam and structures, and the walls consist of horizontal large-sized elements.

Pile-grillage foundation Source ra-spectr.ru

A slab foundation is the foundation of a building in the form of a flat reinforced concrete slab. For the foundation slab, there is no need to dig a deep pit, just remove the top layer of soil and fill it with crushed stone or gravel to protect the foundation slab from capillary moisture.

Surface water level

Consider how to make waterproofing at a particular water level. If the height of surface water below the base of the foundation is more than 1 meter, you can get by with vertical coating protection and horizontal with the help of roofing material. The location of surface water near the foundation, but below the height of the basement floor, requires an extended set of works. At the same time, horizontal protection is laid in 2 layers, and smeared with bituminous mastic. For vertical waterproofing, both pasting and coating methods are used. All concrete devices are treated with agents that prevent the penetration of capillary moisture.

If the location of groundwater is higher than the base of the foundation or basement floor, a drainage system should be added to the above methods. The cost of these works depends on its size, quantity and type of funds used.

House foundation drainage Source domsdelat.ru

The presence of excess moisture in the soil is a difficult but solvable issue for a land plot. At the same time, it is necessary not only to carry out waterproofing, but also to drain this area.

Experts recommend waterproofing at the beginning of the installation of the foundation. One of the most used methods is the use of waterproofing and water-repellent components for concrete mortar. After all, these components not only prevent the effects of moisture, but also speed up the solidification of the mixture, strengthen the foundation and enhance its frost resistance. At the same time, you can add components that simultaneously enhance both hydro and thermal insulation.

Video description

How waterproofing is done, see the following video:

How to protect an already poured foundation

If waterproofing was not carried out during construction, it's okay. There are methods of protection against moisture and for the finished building. In this case, gluing waterproof sheet or roll products made of bitumen-polymer material are used. Today, this work is done using self-adhesive materials. Coating insulation - cement, bitumen and polymer solutions, mastics or emulsions - for waterproofing the foundation, these materials are used both during construction and to correct and eliminate cracks or chips that have appeared in the foundation.

When waterproofing the finished foundation, additional earthworks are needed. Source makemone.ru

Trust the experts

As practice shows, it is difficult and expensive to correct errors in waterproofing during operation, therefore, for safety, you should contact specialists at the construction stage. It is better to do waterproofing when erecting a building, because repairing the foundation in the future will be more expensive and labor-intensive than erecting a house. Experts will analyze the surface of the building plot and advise the most suitable type of foundation. Competently and quickly calculate its installation, taking into account ventilation, sewerage and all engineering networks. Specialists of construction companies will qualitatively perform the construction of the foundation, the organization of waterproofing, as well as the insulation of the structure.

The foundation is the basis of residential and other buildings. The impact of climatic factors, humidity leads to the destruction of the structure. Therefore, waterproofing is necessary to protect the foundation, but it is important to determine the type and know the features of the base treatment.

Features and purpose of waterproofing

As a result of exposure to ground, rain or capillary waters, the foundation gradually becomes thinner, its stability and reliability are disturbed. This leads to deformation or destruction of the building, cracks form on the walls, load-bearing elements lose strength. Drainage systems or blind areas are complexes of devices that only partially drain water from the base. Therefore, waterproofing is an important stage in the construction of any structures that are intended for living, active and long-term operation.

The process of waterproofing the foundation is the application of a special composition to the surface of the foundation of a building or the use of a material that has a water-repellent property and provides reliable protection. Depending on the type of waterproofing, both the technology of application and the functionality of the components used differ.

All types of waterproofing are classified according to different criteria. For example, two methods of applying the material are popular:

horizontal;
vertical.

The first option involves protecting surfaces from capillary absorption. At the same time, two horizontal systems are equipped, one of which is located under the ceiling of the basement, and the second on top of the foundation slabs in the places of wall supports.

The vertical layer of protection is located from the base of the foundation to the level of the walls, which are exposed to rain moisture. In this case, the base is treated to the required height with special compounds, the choice of which depends on the application method used.

Regulations

The procedure for carrying out construction work is regulated by special documents. One of the main ones is SNiP. An important place has been allocated to the construction and processing of the foundation in this set of standards. Compliance with such regulations, familiarization with them before the construction of the facility allows you to ensure the safety, reliability, durability of the structure.

SNiP contains the following basic rules for waterproofing foundations:

Before starting construction work, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the sections of SNiP and GOST regarding the chosen method, material and conditions for waterproofing the base.

Horizontal method: general principles of the device

Horizontal protection of the building foundation can only be provided at the initial stage of construction. Therefore, it is important to avoid mistakes in this process, because otherwise it will be necessary to disassemble the foundation. And also it is worth considering the type of foundation, because the horizontal method of applying waterproofing for different types of structures differs in technology.

For a strip foundation of a prefabricated or monolithic type, it is necessary to provide for the location of the hydraulic material between the basement and the outer wall of the building. In this case, the protection layer should also be located 20 cm below the floor level in the basement. For this purpose, materials such as roofing felt, linocrom and hydroisol are used. They are laid in 2 layers between the top of the base and the outer wall.

Protection for a slab foundation is important. It consists of a layer:

"lean" concrete, which protects the base from groundwater;
waterproofing on a thin concrete slab, which is necessary as an obstacle to moisture;
insulation between the outer walls and the foundation or plinth, as in the case of a strip base.

The general horizontal protection device involves the placement of hydraulic material or treatment with a mixture at the points of contact of the foundation with the soil or walls along the perimeter of the base.

This method is used when arranging a strip foundation or slab base. In this case, it is possible to use both liquid and rolled materials.

Vertical Technology: Mounting Basics

Vertical type protection is suitable for already erected or unfinished buildings. The process involves the processing of the finished foundation. For this purpose, the use of bituminous mastic is recommended, liquid rubber is also suitable. The technology for implementing vertical waterproofing is simple. It consists in applying the product to the vertical surfaces of the foundation. Spraying is optimal for this, but smearing with thick formulations is also possible. Roll materials are simply fixed over the entire vertical surface, but they are inconvenient to use.

The vertical method prevents the destruction of the base of the building as a result of exposure to rain, groundwater. Enhances the effectiveness of waterproofing and drainage running around the perimeter of the house. All this provides good protection and durability of the structure, but the quality of the materials used is important.

Liquid waterproofing material can be applied by spray

Coating technique

The method is used to protect against capillary moisture. In combination with horizontal insulation, the coating material is more effective. In this case, bitumen, bitumen-polymer, rubber compounds are used.

Mastics for coating waterproofing can be cold, which are ready for use. Compositions in briquettes need to be heated to a temperature of 160-180 C o.

The main stages of arranging the coating waterproofing of the foundation:

The surface of the foundation must be completely cleaned of dust and any contaminants. Next, round off all the protrusions and corners with a grinder. Make sure that the rounding radius is more than 3 cm, otherwise the waterproofing layer may be damaged by pressure from the outside.
You can clean the foundation with water pressure, but after that the surface must be thoroughly dried.
Before applying a layer of waterproofing, the surface must be primed. That will improve the adhesion of the film to the walls of the foundation. Leave the treated surface to dry for 2-3 hours.
The primer can be applied with a roller or a wide brush.
Under bituminous and bitumen-polymer mastics, it is recommended to apply a bituminous varnish, which provides good adhesion. This is done either with a brush in vertical strokes, or by spraying. You need to process the entire surface of the foundation.
Now we need to prepare the material. This step depends on the composition used. One-component materials are simply stirred, if necessary, diluted with a suitable solvent. Two-component mix according to the instructions.
No special preparation of liquid waterproofing material is required
The liquid material can be applied with a wide brush, roller or spatula. And you need to try to avoid gaps. The direction of strokes is vertical. For reliable waterproofing, there must be at least two layers. Each subsequent can be applied only after the previous one has completely dried.
If you are just building a building, then you need to reinforce the waterproofing. This is necessary to prevent damage during shrinkage. Fiberglass and fiberglass are ideal for this. They need to be glued on the first layer of mastic. Particular attention is paid to corners and fillets.
Additionally, the waterproofing layer can be reinforced
When using hot mastic, it must first be heated to a temperature of 160-180 degrees. It is better to do this in a metal container on an open fire. It is applied with a spatula, after which it is leveled with a hard brush.

The principle of arranging coating waterproofing with any compositions involves the careful application of funds to the surface. For this purpose, cement-based mixtures can also be used, which include modifiers that fill the porous structure of the foundation. This prevents moisture from affecting the structure and its further destruction.

Bitumen for waterproofing

To protect the foundation of buildings, bitumen and mixtures based on it are often used. This is due to the fact that the product closes the pores in concrete well, withstands temperature extremes and is convenient to use. Also, the popularity of bitumen is explained by its low cost, and it can be used independently. At the same time, the layers of bituminous waterproofing need regular updating, which should be carried out approximately once every 10 years.

The bituminous composition is supplemented with rolled materials, for example, geotextiles. This allows you to protect the waterproofing layer from mechanical damage. For processing with bitumen, it is necessary to heat the briquettes to 30 - 50 ° C, and then apply with a wide brush on the primed surface. Heating is carried out on fire in an iron container. All actions must be active, as the product quickly loses its elastic properties. It is possible to apply about 3 layers, but each of them must dry well. After the previous layer stops sticking, you can apply the next one.

Bitumen can be applied with a roller

Mastic processing

Waterproofing the foundation with mastic requires the choice of the type of composition. Mixtures for the cold application method do not need to be preheated. Mastic for hot processing needs to be heated. In this case, you need to pay special attention to the composition of the product, because each component requires a certain processing temperature:

gudrokampolimerny mastic needs to be heated up to 70 °C;
tar up to 130–150 °С;
rubber-bitumen composition up to 170–180 °С;
bituminous agent up to 160–180 °С.

Before applying any mastic, clean the surface of dirt and dust, apply a primer, and then prepare the composition. Next, the product is applied with any convenient tool that allows you to create a uniform layer. The brush is ideal for this purpose.

After applying each layer, you need to pause for the composition to dry. Mastic of any type can be supplemented with rolled waterproofing, which is fixed over the dried layer.

Roll materials for waterproofing

You can protect the foundation from moisture with the help of roll materials. They are diverse, but conditionally divided into three categories:

gluing, for example, roofing material, stekloizol or glassine, are fixed with mastics or a special composition;
rolled materials having a polymer or bitumen layer are fixed by fusing, heating with a burner, and the side of the sheets on which the melting layer is applied provides good adhesion to the foundation;
diffusion film membranes are fixed with metal elements and hot air from a building hair dryer.

The pasting method is the simplest, most popular and effective.

First you need to prepare the surface by removing dirt and dust. After that, a primer is applied that matches the material of the working surface. The next steps are as follows:

Application of mastic, which will ensure good adhesion of the rolled material to the foundation surface.
Adhesion of a sheet for waterproofing. It is carried out on freshly applied mastic.
Application of mastic over the insulation sheet to provide protection. But this step is optional.
Construction of thermal insulation of the foundation.
Installation of the drainage system and backfilling.

Before attaching the waterproofing sheet, you need to make sure that there are no cracks or damage to the foundation. Pasting technology can be used for vertical and horizontal surface treatment. The main steps in each case are similar.

Penetrating materials for waterproofing

Penetrating waterproofing materials differ from others in that they change the structure of the foundation components, and do not isolate its surface from moisture. For this purpose, mixtures are used that penetrate deep into the structure of concrete. This allows you to significantly reduce the foundation's exposure to capillary moisture.

The principle of operation of such isolation is simple. The components of solutions and waterproofing mixtures interact with aluminum and calcium ions contained in concrete, forming complex crystalline hydrates. The pores in the concrete base are gradually filled with acicular crystals, but very small gaps remain. Through them, water molecules in the form of steam can penetrate. Capillary entry of moisture is impossible due to the presence of surface tension of the droplets.

Liquid formulations

For arranging waterproofing with penetrating compounds, liquid mixtures are often used, which are easy to use. They are optimal for a new foundation without cracks and defects. At the same time, the concrete base can be processed both from the outside and from the inside.

The technology for applying liquid penetrating agents for waterproofing the foundation is simple. The work package includes the following mandatory steps:

This method is distinguished by simple technology, and the choice of means is very extensive. For example, the Penetron mixture is in demand, which is distinguished by mechanical strength and high quality.

Foundation waterproofing: device and principle of operation

The main purpose of foundation waterproofing is to create a protective film that prevents moisture from penetrating the concrete and causing it to deteriorate. The technology for arranging this layer involves applying or fixing a material around the entire base, which will perform a protective function. When processing one foundation, several types of insulation can be combined.

The principle of operation of any waterproofing layer is that the protective material does not allow moisture to penetrate into the concrete. Roll webs do this by mechanical protection, and penetrating agents change the structure of the concrete. Coating materials combine two actions: creating a protective layer and penetrating into the pores of concrete.

Waterproofing: do-it-yourself foundation processing

During the construction of the building, you can carry out waterproofing work with your own hands, using a suitable method and high-quality materials. Pasting technology is one of the most effective. To do this, you need a roofing material or a canvas with a polymer layer. In the second case, a gas burner is needed, and the instruction involves the following steps:

Video: waterproofing device and features

Creating a protective layer for the foundation is necessary because it prevents premature destruction of the structure. But it is very important to determine the processing method and select high-quality materials.