What is the best base for a home? Basement, blind area and basement with your own hands. Design features of the blind area

The base of the house needs to be given more serious attention during construction, since it is a continuation of the foundation and should experience a more aggressive influence than the walls:

When it rains, drops hit the pavement and splash onto the base (which is why it often becomes wet).
In winter, after precipitation, piles of snow accumulate near the base, which melts from time to time, again exposing the base to water.
Load of walls, slabs, roof, etc. (above).
Soil load in winter, which is created by tangential frost heaving of the soil.
Freezing and thawing cycle. When frost hits a wet base, the moisture expands and destroys the base.

You can use leftover bricks to cover the base. It tolerates temperature changes well and does not crack over time.

Another idea is to do this by making the two wall tones melt in the dividing line area. An example we see in this image is where a wood plank wall has been painted white and pink. In the center, both shades melt, achieving a very decorative effect.

Integrates doors into the base

The important thing is that in the upper and lower half the door, wooden frames and wall have the same colors. Great! As you can see, the paint of the sockets can be a factor that makes a difference in timing. Inexpensive, easy to use resource that gets a very original effect.

Examples of such weather can be observed in Ukraine: morning frost, daytime thawing and return of frost in the evening. Total, 3 cycles of freezing and thawing in just 1 day. Each such cycle has a destructive effect on the structure. For the above reasons, it is necessary to minimize the effect of moisture on the base as much as possible. And this part of the building will require stronger material.

"Half Paint" is a new trend in home decor where the walls are half painted, that is, one in each half. But not only applied to walls, but can also be done on furniture or other objects that want to stand out. "Semi-paint" applied to walls may seem like a lifetime base, although it does have some differences. The second main difference is the materials. Although yes, there are bases that are only made from paints, usually it is that they are made from wood, wallpaper and up to fabric.

Materials for building the basement of a house

But there is another difference, a little more controversial, which has to do with "perfection". While the end of the socket is straight and very defined, sometimes with half color, the imperfect end looks good. That's why it doesn't matter if you see the transition zone between two colors. This gives an even more modern, much cooler look.

Required materials

To build a plinth, you usually need to use a more durable face brick. Suitable for ClinKeram with powder grade 250, brown.
Facing with gray granite stone also looks good. In fact, these are paving stones that have correct form(50 mm thick, 100x100). In color it can be combined with reddish granite.
For the front part, a bassoon (full-bodied) torn (American) is suitable. It is better to take a gray bassoon.
Acid-resistant brick is also good. It is very durable and almost eternal and is more affordable than some materials (ClinKeram, granite). It is better to lay such bricks using a full seam, with semicircular jointing, smoothing and sealing the seam.

Return to contents

The usual thing is that the dark tone stays at the bottom because more weight is always better than under the surface. However, there are no rules prohibiting its cancellation. This gives positive feedback in style: the artist does not have to respond, but can do so himself.

Choosing the right type of base

And the same is the case with furniture, if only the chairs or stools are painted, nothing happens if the pattern of the four is not perfectly aligned. However, there are no rules that prevent him from being in a different way. If there is enough light and space, darkness can rise. This achieves a finish with great character and personality.

Choice of base color

You don’t have to be too persistent in thinking about what color to choose for the base. It is not so important how it harmonizes with color scheme your home and plot. The best thing is to choose something from dark gray tones for the base. You should not make a light-colored base, as the slightest dirt will stick to it very quickly. And it is very difficult to cope with this disadvantage.

In addition, depending on the combined tones, more or less contrasting, you can achieve the effect of raising or lowering ceilings or adding depth. What never fails is that the clearest one is a broken target or a very clear gray one. They look great with trendy colors such as dusty roses, yellows or greys. It is also very convenient to combine pastel shades with each other or with materials such as wood or fibers.

Another option is to make color gradients and go from blue to yellow passing through green color, For example. And for the more daring, you can also avoid straight lines. Diagonally, forming small triangles or with a scalloped finish. Sometimes the transition between two colors is a little "crazy", but that's something half-painted can do with anything. For example, in a door you can draw a diagonal that divides it into two triangles and paints a bright color on one of the halves.

Return to contents

Basement waterproofing

Even the best and most expensive plinth material will draw moisture through the seam, which will adversely affect the strength of the structure (especially during freeze-thaw cycles). We partially discussed the reasons for the base getting wet a few paragraphs earlier. In addition to the above reasons, the base can also get wet due to groundwater. If their level is high, then there is a chance that moisture will rise along the foundation, get into the basement and may get into the wall of the first and even second floor. This option is possible due to the hygroscopicity of most materials.

If you want to try a trend, it's best to do it on something small. Accessories such as baskets or vases are a great starting point. You can also tint the paint a bit. Antique furniture is ideal for "half painted". It's simple and quick way give them new life. And for the more “cowardly”, chair legs or stool legs are a good start.

Children's bedroom walls make a great test bed. Moreover, the darker bottom stripe may be washable paint. This way, if you need to fix it, it will also be cheaper and easier. Looking for the perfect base to give your interior the finishing touch? An elegant piece that discreetly hides the despicable cables? Or overlapping sockets to quickly mask old sockets?

To solve such a problem with groundwater, there is only one way - waterproofing. There are several options for doing this:

Slightly higher than the front covering of the blind area, there should be a first layer of waterproofing (FEM for example), with a thickness of 70 to 150 mm. You can roll out roofing material or aquaizol in two layers (you can use one layer if it’s thick). This waterproofing is suitable for extremely aggressive environments. In other cases, this method is optional.
There should be a second layer of waterproofing on top of the base. Roll out roofing material or aquaizol along the top of the base. This layer will protect the walls of the house from moisture if the base begins to penetrate moisture from the outside. In addition, it can protect walls if the first layer of waterproofing is missing. In addition, it can even protect against rising groundwater. This layer needs to be done almost always.
At high level groundwater, it is worth installing vertical insulation. To do this, you need to glue (coat) the part of the base inside the house that is in contact with the ground. Such waterproofing is done quite rarely.
An important factor in avoiding the plinth from getting wet is the cornice along the plinth (brick on edge). Such a cornice needs to be made in most cases. The brick that goes into the cornice must be durable and have minimal moisture absorption. The protruding part of the cornice on the base should be no more than 40-60 mm in order to avoid additional negative effects of moisture. It is recommended to make a cornice using a shaped brick (beveled or round corner) so that precipitation does not linger on it. In addition, the protruding part of the cornice can be coated with impregnation (Ceresit ST 17 for example). But over time it can fade in the sun and be washed out by rain, so for this the base should protrude as little as possible.

The base is an elegant union between floor and wall. But sockets are much larger. In short, they are indispensable for any stay! Want to know what else you can do with a socket? Straight lines, rustic, big, small, bright or precisely understated. The material is shock and water resistant and is extremely lightweight. Extremely impact resistant! The material can get wet, so you can clean the floor without any problems. Unprotected cables, loose plaster, crack between floor and wall or irregular floor connection, e.g. wooden floors, which expand after they are placed.

Various tiles (dolomite, sandstone, fagot tiles, porcelain tiles) are not recommended for cladding. Whatever method you use to install the tiles, over time they will simply fall away. The simplest example is new stores, which often have tile cladding (sandstone, bassoon, porcelain stoneware, etc.). After 5 years, tiles from such cladding fall off with an 80% probability. There is, of course, a possibility that the tiling will last a long time, but this requires strict adherence to construction technology:

Posted in no time. You can leave the drill in the attic. They are lightweight and at the same time very durable. Thanks to the glue grooves in the socket, the glue is applied quickly and easily. Ready in no time! They are the best renovation companions. Are you captivated by the charms of an old home? And you build a house like this with curved walls and lots of angles and angles? Irregularities or joints? So you only need to choose a color and paint the bases with the finish of your choice.

Very practical! Paint baseboards the same color as the wall and choose tall rosettes to give the room an optical sense of height. Do you want to highlight the architecture of the room? Choose baseboards, moldings or decorative cornices and give them a contrasting tone.

Completely correctly executed basement waterproofing.
Choosing the right backfill brick for the plinth (or concrete).
Grouting joints and tiles, covering the base using the correct technology.

Tiles in the cladding can last a long time in those areas where, due to local climate conditions, there is no frost at all or there is no moisture in the base at all. However, under the same conditions, cladding with granite paving stones or bricks will last much longer.

What you need to remember when building the basement of a house

There is nothing as important in a room as lighting. The soft reflection of indirect lighting on floors, walls or ceilings directly creates a cozy atmosphere inside. Choose smart and feature-rich solutions. We offer you versatile and elegant solutions.

Construction materials

Flexible sockets = even more possibilities. Ideal solution for sloped walls and floors and for creative applications. What do you think of, for example, circles or decorative lines on a wall or ceiling? The perimeter, the frame part of the building, is a very important part of thermal insulation, that is, good insulation of your building. That is, the part of the building that is very close to the ground around the building and is in contact with soil moisture and more because it is the basic element of the building, it is also subject to more physical stress.

Return to contents

How to increase the load-bearing capacity of the base?

To strengthen the base of the house and distribute the load, it is extremely important to make a reinforced concrete belt (hereinafter referred to as reinforced concrete) along the base. The best and cheapest way to construct a belt between backfill masonry (if the plinth walls are sufficiently thick) is to use the masonry as formwork.

Return to contents

Construction technology of reinforced concrete belts on the plinth

The tile cannot withstand temperature changes, and it is also very fragile.

First, the front part is laid out. After this, the backing part is performed, but with a caveat: the height of the backing masonry does not extend to 3-4 rows (21-28 cm). The reinforced concrete belt will be located on this backfill masonry. The formwork for this belt is the front one, and the inner verst can also be made of backfill bricks (brick on edge). If the belt needs to be made wider, then the inner mile can be replaced with formwork made of boards.

Typically, a reinforced concrete belt is made about 250 mm wide and about 210-280 mm high. These parameters can be considered quite satisfactory. Then ribbed reinforcement having a diameter of 10-12 mm is placed in the formwork. The mesh is mounted: up to two strands of 10-12 mm reinforcement are tied with a knitting wire, transverse reinforcement having 23 mm in width (needed to fit into the formwork).

Transverse reinforcement can also have a smaller diameter (6-8 mm). This reinforcement must be tied to the longitudinal reinforcement (working), taking steps of 300-400 mm. There will be an external resemblance to a stepladder (ladder). The mesh is laid in the resulting niche of the plinth on pieces of brick. And it is laid so that there is a small distance (about 70 mm) between the brickwork and the mesh. This is necessary so that the entire reinforcement network is in concrete.

Then the niche of the base, in which the reinforcement is located, is filled with concrete of the following composition: 2 buckets of sand, 4-5 buckets of crushed stone and 1 bucket of cement. Additional measures to strengthen the reinforced concrete belt:

Instead of a mesh, you can place a frame (two combined meshes: one at the top of the belt, and the other at the bottom).
The grade of concrete can be increased.
Crushed limestone can be replaced with crushed granite.
You can also increase the number of working cores in the reinforcement.
The diameter of the reinforcement can be increased.

As a result, we have a plinth on the outside made of facing brick, backing brick inside and on top of the plinth, and a reinforced concrete belt around the perimeter of the house. Such a belt evenly distributes the load on the base of the house and restrains the load from below, which occurs when the soil heaves during frosts.

Construction of a house always begins with the construction of the basement. In this article we will look in detail at what a plinth is, its role, function and how to build it correctly.

Purpose of the base

The basement of a house is a foundation built above the ground level

The basement of a house is a foundation built above the ground level. The task of this facade part is to protect and protect the walls of the house from atmospheric moisture. This structure carries a large functional load, which is transmitted throughout the foundation of the house. During its construction, all stages must be completed correctly, otherwise the structure will not be durable. The base in construction performs load-bearing and leveling functions. It is very important, even at the stage of its construction, to decide what materials to build it from. Main functions of the plinth:

protect walls from excessive capillary moisture;
ensure the strength of the entire structure;
Without basement the base takes on all the mechanical impact from the earth buried inside along the entire perimeter of the house.

Types of basement structures

Experts distinguish three main types of design:

Speaker. In some houses, the plinth protrudes slightly outward from the wall, which is why it is called a protruding plinth. During its construction, it is necessary to install a drainage system, because... this variety is susceptible to various atmospheric influences. It is advisable to build a protruding type in houses with thin walls and a basement.

Sunken. This type is the most popular in construction. Its design provides great protection from external irritants. For example, when rainwater drains, it will not be able to penetrate the gap between the wall and the base. The formed protrusion of the wall is covered with a layer of waterproofing, which allows water to flow freely to the ground and not spoil the foundation. In the process of erecting a sinking plinth, there is no need to build a drain system, which significantly reduces the time and expenses for its installation.

It is extremely rare that the base of a house is placed flush with the wall.

Construction technology

Construction of the ground floor begins with a pit, 1.8 - 2 meters deep

Construction of the ground floor begins with a foundation pit, 1.8 - 2 meters deep. The walls, bottom and corners of the pit are leveled manually, and the resulting water is pumped out using a pump. The next step will be the construction of a concrete pad. To do this, make internal markings and external wall buildings and dig trenches 30 cm deep. The entire prepared area is covered with a layer of crushed stone, everything is well compacted and poured cement mortar. In areas where there is no load-bearing wall, reinforcement with iron mesh should be carried out. Periodically, the structure must be moistened to avoid the formation of cracks; it should be watered until the cement becomes hard. After a few weeks, the walls can be laid.

Expert advice! The base does not accept the use of old materials, do not skimp on this, the strength and durability of the house depends on the materials used.

The best option for building a basement floor is a foundation block. The blocks are tied together with cement mortar, and a reinforced belt is fixed on top. In this case, the reinforced belt solves two main problems:

firmly holds foundation blocks together;
aligns the horizontal level.

When finishing houses with your own hands, slab floors are fixed to the installed belt along the entire perimeter of the building. The photo shows the installation of slab floors

Waterproofing the basement of the house

The foundation will be constantly exposed to precipitation, melt water, and splashes. Moisture will penetrate into the building material and, due to capillaries, will rise to the living space. This will lead to bad consequences, namely:

thermal conductivity will increase;
salt stains will begin to appear on the wall;
the façade will lose its beauty.

To prevent such a situation and protect the house, waterproofing is installed. The width of the protective barrier is at least 30 cm, because This area suffers most from moisture. If there is a basement, two waterproofing belts are installed: in the foundation at the basement level and in the basement itself. As a rule, several effective methods are used for waterproofing:

coating;
pasted.

Coating method is a multilayer waterproof material made of bitumen mastic, emulsion or polymer solution. The main advantage of these products is ease of use. The disadvantage is the short service life of about 5 years.

The pasting method involves the use of rolled bitumen membranes 5 mm thick. Rolls are laid in 2-3 layers. This material is more stable and waterproof.

Base finishing

There are many ways to decorate the basement of a house building materials: plaster, stone, siding or brick. The most popular method is plastering. Such work in the house is done with your own hands or specialists are invited. The main advantage of plaster is affordable price. The applied layer of the mixture is either painted or decorated with decorative plaster.

You can also finish the base artificial stone, such a house will have good performance. True, the stone has its drawbacks:

during its installation, the structure increases weight, which creates additional load on the foundation;
during installation there may be a need for reinforcement and the use of special stops;
high cost of material.

Brick cladding will give the house a rich and beautiful appearance. In addition to protecting the foundation, the brick will also serve as thermal insulation.

Important! Brickwork performed with a tape type of base.

If it is not possible to cover the base with natural material, you can use. The material is made from polyvinyl chloride and has different shapes and sizes, as well as different structures. The finished material has the texture of wood, house block, stone, boards or shingles. The main advantage of siding is ease of installation, ease of maintenance and long service life. Similar construction works for the home are quite doable with your own hands.

Installation of ebb tides

In the construction of the plinth, the main element is the installation of the ebb. The basement part of the building may have a different position, for example, it may be slightly recessed or protruding. If the plinth protrudes outward in the form of a step, it is necessary to install ebb linings. This design will be able to protect the foundation of the house from penetration and ingress of water in the form of precipitation and will prevent moisture from getting between the cladding and the wall. The material used is metal castings, which are made from steel with a necessarily applied polymer layer. The polymer layer prevents the development and formation of corrosion. For budget option Aluminum sills can be used. The most reliable are drip tides made of copper.