What are the features of Canada's geographic location? Physical-geographical location of Canada. Natural conditions and resources
The video lesson allows you to get interesting and detailed information about Canada. From the lesson you will receive a complete description of Canada, its features geographical location, farms. The teacher will tell you in detail about national composition country, the standard of living of the population.
Topic: North America
Lesson: Canada. Socio-economic characteristics
Canada- state in North America, ranks second in the world in area (almost 10 million sq. km) after Russia. It is washed by the Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic oceans, bordered by the USA in the south and northwest, Denmark (Greenland) in the northeast and France (Saint-Pierre and Miquelon) in the east. Canada's border with the United States is the longest shared border in the world. In addition, Canada ranks first in the world in terms of total coastline length. The capital is Ottawa.
In terms of its level of development, the country is one of the highly developed countries in the world; it is a member of numerous organizations, including a member of the G7.
The economic and geographical position of Canada is determined, first of all, by the fact that it has access to three oceans and borders the United States.
Canada is part of the Commonwealth, so the English monarch is nominally considered the head of the country, although in reality Canada is an independent state.
Canada is a federal state consisting of 10 provinces and 3 territories. The province with a predominant French-speaking population is Quebec, the rest are predominantly English-speaking provinces, also called "English Canada" in comparison with French-speaking Quebec. As one of nine predominantly English-speaking provinces, New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual Canadian province. The Yukon Territory is officially bilingual (English and French), while the Northwest Territories and Nunavut Territory recognize 11 and 4 official languages, respectively. Canada is officially a bilingual country.
Rice. 2. Map of administrative divisions of Canada ()
The population of Canada at the beginning of the year is more than 34 million people. Despite large area, approximately 3/4 of Canada's population lives within 160 km of the US border. Canada is a relatively sparsely populated country on the globe: per 1 sq. km there are 3.4 people. Most population growth is due to immigration.
Canada is a very diverse country from an ethnic point of view. The majority of the population is English-Canadian and French-Canadian. A large proportion of Irish, Scots, Italians, Chinese, Russians.
Indigenous people of Canada:
1. Indians.
2. Eskimos.
3. Indian-European mestizos.
The most common religions in the country are Protestantism and Catholicism.
HDI leaders by year (according to Wikipedia and UNDP)
2013 - Norway
2011 - Norway
2010 - Norway
2009 - Norway
2008 - Iceland
2007 - Iceland
2006 - Norway
2005 - Norway
2004 - Norway
2003 - Norway
2002 - Norway
2001 - Norway
2000 - Canada
1999 - Canada
1998 - Canada
1997 - Canada
1996 - Canada
1995 - Canada
1994 - Canada
1993 - Japan
1992 - Canada
1991 - Japan
1990 - Canada
1985 - Canada
1980 - Switzerland
Currently, Canada ranks 10th in the ranking of countries in terms of living standards. Some people believe that Canada is the most favorable country for people to live in.
Largest cities in Canada(more than 1 million people (Ottawa and Vancouver - together with their suburbs)):
2. Montreal
3. Vancouver
4. Calgary
Canada is one of the richest natural resources countries
The country ranks 3rd in terms of forest resources (after Russia and Brazil). More than 50% of Canada is covered with coniferous forests. The country occupies a leading position in the production of paper and lumber, and 1st place in the production of newsprint.
Canada's soil resources are also rich; favorable agroclimatic resources in the southern regions of the country; huge water resources(10% of the world's fresh water reserves).
In terms of the quantity and variety of its mineral resources, Canada is one of the great mining countries.
Rice. 4. Structure of the Canadian mining industry ()
The most important feature of Canada's mining industry is its export orientation: more than 4/5 of all mining industry products are supplied to the world market. Canada is the world's leading exporter of uranium, nickel, copper, zinc, titanium, molybdenum, silver, platinum, asbestos, and potassium salts. In value terms, about 60% of Canada's mineral exports go to the United States, 25% to Western Europe and 10% to Japan.
More than 4/5 of all reserves of potassium salts of Western countries, about 2/3 of reserves of nickel and zinc, 2/5 of lead and uranium reserves, about 1/3 of reserves of iron and copper ore, titanium, and tungsten are concentrated in the depths of the country. To this list we can add quite large reserves of oil and natural gas, coal, cobalt, platinum, gold, silver, asbestos and some other minerals.
This diversity is explained primarily by the peculiarities of the geological and tectonic structure of Canada. Basins and deposits of iron, copper, nickel, cobalt ores, gold, platinum, and uranium are genetically associated primarily with the Precambrian Canadian Shield, which is composed of crystalline rocks exposed to the surface. Occupying an area of 4.6 million square meters. km, it stretches from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago to the Great Lakes and the river. St. Lawrence. In the west of the country, where there is mainly an area of Mesozoic folding and the Cordillera belt passes, basins and deposits of copper, polymetallic, molybdenum, tungsten, and mercury ores are especially widespread. And oil, gas, and coal basins on the tectonic map of Canada should be sought within the marginal trough of the Cordillera and smaller intermountain troughs.
Almost all sectors of the economy have developed in Canada. Canada's fuel and energy complex is one of the most developed in the world. Hydroelectric power plants are leaders in electricity generation.
The main areas of oil and natural gas production are in the western provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan and British Columbia. The largest deposits are located here - Pembina, Redwater, Zama.
Mechanical engineering accounts for less than 30% of manufacturing output and employment, which is lower than in other developed countries. The main industry is transport engineering (production of cars, airplanes, diesel locomotives, ships, snowmobiles), dominated by American capital, located in the southern part of the province of Ontario. Agricultural engineering, production of power equipment, equipment for the mining and forestry industries are also developed. The machine tool industry has received little development. The main centers of mechanical engineering are Toronto, Montreal, Windsor, Hamilton, Ottawa, Halifax, Vancouver.
Production in the iron and steel industry, which is in the hands of national capital, has stabilized. Leading metallurgical centers are located in the Lake District - Hamilton, Welland, Sault Ste. Marie, as well as along the Atlantic coast of the city of Sidney.
In the non-ferrous metallurgy, the positions of American and British capital are strong. The smelting of non-ferrous metals - especially copper, nickel and aluminum - has reached large volumes. The world's largest centers included Sudbury, Thompson, Sullivan, Arvida, Kitimat and Port Colborne. Most enterprises use local raw materials. Large-scale aluminum production has been created using imported raw materials.
Canada has a developed oil refining industry. The most important centers are in Montreal, Sarnia, Vancouver and Edmonton.
The chemical industry is well developed and, in particular, the production of sulfuric acid, mineral fertilizers, synthetic rubber, and plastics. The main centers of the chemical industry are Montreal, Toronto, Niagara-Faulay.
The timber and paper industry uses the richest forest resources. Canada ranks 5th in timber harvesting and 3rd in the world in lumber and paper production (provinces: Quebec, Ontario). The country's role in the export of lumber and paper is even more significant: Canada is a world leader. 2/3 of the paper and pulp production is located in the east, near the hydroelectric power station - on the St. Lawrence River. Large timber and paper mills are also located in the taiga zone in the north of the Steppe provinces and especially in British Columbia, where 2/3 of the sawmill industry is concentrated.
The food, clothing and textile industries are also well developed, with major centers in Montreal, Toronto and Quebec City.
Agriculture is a highly developed sector of the Canadian economy. It is characteristic of him high level marketability, mechanization and specialization of production. About 4/5 of the area of agricultural land is concentrated in large farms, 50 hectares or more in size. A significant part of farms is an integral part of large agribusiness. Agricultural products on farms are produced on the basis of contracts with enterprises of the largest monopolies Food Industry. Central Canada is distinguished primarily by industries that meet the needs of the urban population: suburban vegetable growing, horticulture, dairy farming and poultry farming.
Rice. 5. Dairy products of Canada ()
At the end of the last century, the steppe provinces began to turn into one of the leading areas of grain specialization. And currently, grain cultivation determines Canada's specialization in the global agricultural market.
Fisheries, which develop on the basis of the rich biological resources of the coastal waters of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, are also important. Inland fishing, like hunting, plays a lesser role.
Canada is one of the world's leading exporters of agricultural products.
Homework
Topic 9, P. 3
1. What are the features of Canada's geographic location?
2. Tell us about the Canadian economy.
Bibliography
Main
1. Geography. A basic level of. 10-11 grades: Textbook for educational institutions/ A.P. Kuznetsov, E.V. Kim. - 3rd ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2012. - 367 p.
2. Economic and social geography of the world: Textbook. for 10th grade educational institutions / V.P. Maksakovsky. - 13th ed. - M.: Education, JSC "Moscow Textbooks", 2005. - 400 p.
3. Atlas with set contour maps for 10th grade. Economic and social geography of the world. - Omsk: FSUE "Omsk Cartographic Factory", 2012. - 76 p.
Additional
1. Economic and social geography of Russia: Textbook for universities / Ed. prof. A.T. Khrushchev. - M.: Bustard, 2001. - 672 p.: ill., map.: color. on
2. Kulyshev Yu.A. Canada. - M.: Mysl, 1989. - 144 p. - (At the world map). - 100,000 copies.
3. Nokhrin I.M. Social and political thought of Canada and the formation of national identity (last third of the 19th - early 20th centuries). - Huntsville: Altaspera Publishing & Literary Agency, 2012. - 232 p.
Encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books and statistical collections
1. Geography: a reference book for high school students and applicants to universities. - 2nd ed., rev. and revision - M.: AST-PRESS SCHOOL, 2008. - 656 p.
Literature for preparing for the State Exam and the Unified State Exam
1. Thematic control in geography. Economic and social geography of the world. 10th grade / E.M. Ambartsumova. - M.: Intellect-Center, 2009. - 80 p.
2. The most complete edition of standard versions of real Unified State Examination tasks: 2010. Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyova. - M.: Astrel, 2010. - 221 p.
3. The optimal bank of tasks for preparing students. Single State exam 2012. Geography: Tutorial/ Comp. EM. Ambartsumova, S.E. Dyukova. - M.: Intellect-Center, 2012. - 256 p.
4. The most complete edition of standard versions of real Unified State Examination tasks: 2010. Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyova. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2010. - 223 p.
5. Geography. Diagnostic work in the Unified State Exam format 2011. - M.: MTsNMO, 2011. - 72 p.
6. Unified State Exam 2010. Geography. Collection of tasks / Yu.A. Solovyova. - M.: Eksmo, 2009. - 272 p.
7. Geography tests: 10th grade: to the textbook by V.P. Maksakovsky “Economic and social geography of the world. 10th grade” / E.V. Baranchikov. - 2nd ed., stereotype. - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2009. - 94 p.
8. The most complete edition of standard versions of real Unified State Examination tasks: 2009. Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyova. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2009. - 250 p.
9. Unified State Exam 2009. Geography. Universal materials for preparing students / FIPI - M.: Intellect-Center, 2009. - 240 p.
10. Unified State Exam 2010. Geography: thematic training tasks / O.V. Chicherina, Yu.A. Solovyova. - M.: Eksmo, 2009. - 144 p.
11. Unified State Exam 2012. Geography: Model exam options: 31 options / Ed. V.V. Barabanova. - M.: National education, 2011. - 288 p.
12. Unified State Exam 2011. Geography: Standard exam options: 31 options / Ed. V.V. Barabanova. - M.: National Education, 2010. - 280 p.
Materials on the Internet
1. Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements ( ).
2. Federal portal Russian Education ().
Canada is the second largest country on the planet after Russian Federation. The northern outskirts of the country are located beyond the Arctic Circle, and in the south it borders on the United States. The majority of the population of Canada lives in the southern regions of the country, since the climatic conditions there are more convenient for life. In the northern regions, population density is quite low.
Basic information about Canada
The political system of the state is a constitutional monarchy. The country is nominally ruled by the Queen of Great Britain, but in fact by the Canadian Parliament headed by the Prime Minister. The state did not officially declare its full independence, just like Australia. The area of the country is 9984 thousand square meters. km. Canada's population is 34 million. The capital of the state is Ottawa. Canada is a federal country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. State languages two: English and French. Canada's economy is diversified and based on trade in natural resources.
Geographical position
Canada is the only country in the world whose shores are washed by three oceans - the Pacific, Atlantic, and Arctic. For this reason, it has a very long coastline. In the south, the state borders on the United States, and in the north it goes deeper into the Arctic Circle. The highest point in the country is the city of Logan, located in northwestern Canada at an altitude of 5961 m.
The rocky Pacific coast is indented by fjords and fenced off from the main territory by the St. Elijah mountain range, the Beregovoy and Boundary ridges. The prairie stretches from the southern borders to the Atlantic. The Atlantic coastline has hills and vast plains. The Hudson Bay region and the entire polar territory of the country are represented by large plains on which there are several thousand swampy rivers and lakes.
Climate of Canada
The climate in the country is mostly temperate and subarctic. The average temperature in January ranges from minus 35 degrees in the northern regions of Canada to +4 on the Pacific coast, which is located in the south. The average July temperature in the southern regions is +21, and in the north +1 degree. In Canada, annual precipitation ranges from 150 mm in the north to 2500 mm in the south.
The climate of the country is quite diverse, and this is due to large area countries. A huge part of Canada has a continental climate, in the extreme west and east it is maritime, and in the south it is subtropical. In most of the country, 4 seasons are clearly defined: winter, spring, summer, autumn. Climatic conditions and temperatures vary in many regions depending on the seasons. It can be quite cold in winter and very hot in summer. In Canada, temperatures are officially measured in Celsius, unlike the United States, which uses the Fahrenheit scale.
Population of the country
Canada's population density is quite low. The country is characterized by uneven distribution. In the vast territory of the northern regions, the density is no more than one person per 5-10 square meters. km. The bulk of Canada's population (more than 90%) lives in a small strip that runs along the border with the United States. This territory, with its temperate climate, is more convenient for normal life.
The total population of Canada is a little over 30 million. The bulk are descendants of European settlers: Anglo-Saxons, Germans, French-Canadians, Italians, Dutch, Ukrainians, etc. The indigenous inhabitants of the country - Indians and Eskimos - were forced into the northern regions during the period of colonization. IN this moment their total number is just over 200 thousand and continues to gradually decrease.
The main population of Canada is represented by English-Canadians and French-Canadians. This is due to the fact that it was England and France who fought among themselves for the colonization of this country. The remaining nationalities inhabiting Canada are quite small in number.
Religion and language characteristics
More than 80% of Canada's population is Christian. Of these, 45% are Catholics, 11.5% are parishioners of the United Church of Canada, 1% are Orthodox, 8.1% are adherents of Anglican and other Protestant churches. A little more than 10% of Canadians profess Baptists, Adventism, Lutheranism and other Christian movements. Muslims, Jews, Buddhists, Hindus - together they occupy 4% of the total population. Canada's non-religious population is 12.5%.
The country has adopted the concept of bilingualism. Government publications are published in English and French. The latter is most common in the province of Quebec. At the moment, the total share of residents of French origin is approximately 27% of the total population, British - 40%. The remaining 33% is a group that includes residents of mixed origin: English-French and a mixture of speakers of these languages with the indigenous population, as well as people of other European nationalities. IN Lately Many Asians and Latinos are moving to Canada.
Canadian territories are located on the North American continent. Canada's lands occupy 9.9 million square meters on the globe. km. The country has vast territories rich in natural resources and minerals.
Geographical characteristics of Canada
The second largest country in the world is washed by the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic, Pacific Ocean. Canada's coastline is also the longest among other countries.
Some Canadian islands are pushing the country's territory 800 kilometers deeper into the Arctic Circle..
Canada's largest border is with the United States. It runs in the south of the state, connecting the two countries with economic and transport interests.
Mount Logan is the highest point in Canada, at 5,951 meters above sea level. Canada has a lot of mainland territories, but there are also quite large island formations: Baffin Island, Newfoundland, Victoria, Devon and others.
Map of Canada in Russian
Relief of Canadian lands
The Saint Elijah Mountains isolate most of Canada from beautiful fjords and bays. Near the Atlantic Ocean, the country's topography is represented by wide prairies. Plains, lowlands and the flat Polar Zone are the main southern territories of Canada.
The tundra landscape is also characteristic of this state, as are mixed forests in the west and north. Canadian lands are dotted with rivers, lakes and wetlands. The capital of the state is the city of Ottawa.
1. Using the map of world religions, determine which religions adherents live in Canada. Explain the distribution of areas of these religions.
The overwhelming majority of Canada's population are Christians (mainly Catholics and Protestants), since historically Canada's population was largely represented by people from Western Europe: Catholic France and Protestant England.
2. What are the features of Canada's geographic location?
Canada is the only country that is washed by the waters of three oceans at once: the Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific, and therefore it has the longest coastline in the world. In the south, Canada borders on America, and in the north, thanks to the large number of polar islands (Victoria, Baffin Island, Newfoundland, Devon, Ellesmere, Banks and others), they go 800 kilometers deeper into the Arctic Circle.
3. How does Canada resemble Russia?
Russia and Canada have long been called twin countries. These two countries are the largest in terms of territory modern world. In terms of natural conditions and wealth of resources, Canada has many similarities with our country, and the natural landscapes are very reminiscent of Russian ones. Although our common border is not even a line, but simply geographical point- The North Pole, where the conventional boundaries of the Arctic polar sectors of both countries meet; Russia and Canada are considered neighboring countries. In the world, only Russia and Canada have vast undeveloped territories left, where there are many natural resources, but difficult climatic conditions.
4. Choose the correct answers:
1) Distinctive feature Canada's economy plays a large role in the extractive industries and primary processing of raw materials.
2) In the structure of the manufacturing industry, the leading positions are occupied by the chemical and light industries.
3) Pipeline transport has received great development in Canada.
4) Characteristic Canada - uneven distribution of population and economy.
6. What are the similarities and differences between the forms of government in the USA and Canada?
The USA and Canada are federal states, however Canada is a constitutional monarchy (kingdom) with a parliamentary system, its monarch is the monarch of the British Commonwealth of Nations, and the USA is a presidential republic.
7. What are the features ethnic composition USA and Canada? What are the similarities between them?
The populations of the USA and Canada are represented by a very wide ethnic spectrum, but the national backbone of both countries is formed by immigrants from Western European countries.
8. Name the branches of international economic specialization in the USA and Canada.
Canada is a highly developed country, although its face in the world economy is determined by its specialization in the production and export of mining, forestry, energy, Agriculture. The face of the United States in the world economy is the automotive industry, electronics, electrical engineering, and aerospace industry.
9. One of the provinces of Canada is called the “bread basket”. What province is this? Why is she called that?
The province of Saskatchewan is called the bread basket of Canada. It is famous for its prairies and wheat fields. Saskatchewan is located in the western part of the country and borders Manitoba, Alberta, the Northwest Territories and the United States.
10. There is a common expression among Canadians: “Canada has too little history and too much geography.” How do you understand it? Can it also be attributed to Australia?
Canada and Australia are young states. They are former British colonies and cannot boast of a rich history, but their territories are huge. Australia occupies an entire continent, and Canada is the second largest country in the world.
Canada occupies the northern part of the North American continent and some islands. It borders on the USA.
The country is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west, by the Atlantic Ocean in the east and by the Arctic Ocean and its seas in the north. The Canadian north remains one of the least settled and least exploited parts of the world. About 2 percent of the Canadian territory is covered by glacier ice.
The eastern parts of the country are mainly valleys and plains. The western territories are occupied by the Cordilleras. They stretch from the American border to the Arctic Ocean. The Cordillera region is composed of numerous mountain groups: the Rocky Mountains, the Coast Mountains and others.
The main Canadian islands are Newfoundland, Victorian Island, Baffin Island and others. There are a lot of rivers and lakes in Canada. Among them there are the Great Bear Lake, the Great Slave Lake and the Great Lakes District. The largest rivers are the Nelson, the Ottawa, the Mackenzie and the Yukon.
The population of Canada is about 25 million people. It is mainly concentrated in large cities. The economically significant area of the country is its western part. Canada is rich in mineral resources, such as non-ferrous metals, uranium, oil, natural gas and coal. It is also exceptionally rich in forests and fur-bearing animals. All these factors led Canada to the position of a highly-developed country.
Geographical location of Canada
Canada occupies the northern part of the North American continent and some islands. It borders the USA.
The country is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west, the Atlantic Ocean in the east and the Arctic Ocean and its seas in the north. The Canadian north is still one of the least populated and least exploited parts of the world. About two percent of Canada's territory is covered by glaciers.
The eastern part of the country consists mainly of valleys and plains. The western territories are occupied by the Cordillera. They stretch from the American border to the Arctic Ocean. The Cordillera region consists of numerous groups of mountains: the Rocky Mountains, the Coastal Mountains and others.
The main Canadian islands are Newfoundland, Victoria, Baffin Island and others. There are many rivers and lakes in Canada. Among them are Great Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake and the Great Lakes region. The largest rivers are Nelson, Ottawa, Mackenzie and Yukon.
Canada's population is about 25 million people. It is mainly concentrated in large cities. The economically significant territory of the country is its western part. Canada is rich in mineral resources such as non-ferrous metals, uranium, oil, natural gas and coal. In addition, it is exceptionally rich in forests and fur-bearing animals. All these factors have led Canada to the position of a highly developed country.
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