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DATE OF PREGNANCY Calculator

For many women, the feeling of an impending or already begun pregnancy occurs before the test shows two strips - that is, even before the actual delay. Scientists cannot yet explain these true premonitions, however, the concept of the Early Pregnancy Factor has already been introduced into the scientific lexicon, which describes the chemical reactions of the mother's body in response to an accomplished conception after just a few hours. Currently, there are already tests for the detection of the hormone Early Factor in the female body, but due to the significantly expensive cost, these tests are not produced on an industrial scale.

On average, childbirth occurs 10 obstetric months (280 days) after pregnancy, when the baby is ready to be born. However, it should be noted that 280 days is the conditional number of days of bearing a child. All women's bodies are different, and all babies mature differently in their mother's tummy. Someone will need 280 days, and someone will be "already ready" in 240 days. Only 2% of newborns are born on a precisely calculated day. Most of the kids - two weeks earlier, or a few days later than the appointed time. The duration of pregnancy and childbirth is calculated based on the date of the beginning of the last menstruation.

If we take into account all the changes that happen to the baby almost every day during pregnancy, and especially the first trimester, then in general these processes can be compared with the birth of a new universe in terms of importance and complexity, in depth. Every day of the little crumbs inside you is not just a step, it is a huge breakthrough, a breakthrough. The birth of a new life, despite the scale of accomplishments, does not require any external efforts for itself .. everything happens under the cloak of secrecy. After all, the fact that conception has occurred, and the woman herself finds out only after some time. Thanks to modern technology, scientists have managed to study a little the great secret of birth - that with which EVERYTHING begins. Enter your data and flip through the pages of the calendar of development of human life throughout pregnancy. Believe me, amazing discoveries are waiting for you!

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Diagnosis of basal body temperature is very important when planning pregnancy or as a means of preventing unwanted pregnancy. Basal temperature during ovulation can reveal not only favorable days for conception, but also indicate hormonal disorders or the development of certain gynecological diseases. Many gynecologists advise: every woman should measure basal body temperature at least once a year. This is especially true for women of reproductive age. Such a schedule will help to monitor the state of the reproductive and endocrine system of a woman's body, as well as save a woman from unwanted pregnancy and many diseases of the genital tract. Basal temperature, what is it? Basal body temperature is the temperature of a woman's body, which is determined daily, after which the data obtained are recorded and a kind of schedule is drawn up. This action helps to determine the days most favorable for conception. Also, with the help of regular measurements of body temperature, it is possible to determine when anovulation occurs in a woman's body. With anovulation, the female egg does not mature, and this indicates that the reproductive function of the female body is impaired. There are several ways to determine the temperature regime: in the oral cavity, in the vagina or through the rectum. This measurement must be carried out under certain conditions: Temperature measurement is carried out daily, including weekdays, weekends and holidays, at approximately the same time. Basal charting is carried out throughout the entire menstrual cycle, including […]

Ovulation is the process of release of a mature egg from the follicle. The systematic occurrence, affecting ovulation, is determined by the regular menstrual cycle and the woman's state of health. In order to calculate the time during which ovulation can be observed, it is enough to use several methods. One of the most popular is the ovulation test. Such a test is easy to carry out at home, while ovulation can be determined by saliva or urine. Many experts are sure that the correct result happens in 98% of cases. Types of ovulation tests All tests are good in their own way, but which ones are best for you to decide, and to make it easier to choose, we will describe them a little. Urine test. This type of ovulation test is designed to determine the luteinizing hormone in the urine. This hormone controls ovulation and is secreted by the pituitary gland (internal gland). When the follicle begins to mature in the ovary, the concentration of the luteinizing hormone increases in volume. It is this increase that gives the body a signal that ovulation is about to begin. After the shell of the follicle burst and the egg was released, within 2-3 days an increased level of LH guarantees the desired conception. Saliva test. Tests that determine ovulation by saliva are most accurate in the final result. When using saliva, the highest concentration of estrogens can be detected. The newest way is an electronic test. It must be worn under the arm. Wherein […]

For many women, pregnancy is a long-awaited event, which can be brought closer by the correct determination of the onset of ovulation. This stage of the menstrual cycle can be characterized by certain signs and signals the release of a mature egg from the ovary. It is during this period that the egg is fertilized by the sperm, so every woman who dreams of conception needs to know how to determine ovulation by secretions. Signs of ovulation Ovulation occurs once every 21-35 days, and one egg is released from the ovary. In the abdominal cavity, it is picked up by the villi of the fallopian tube and begins to move along it towards the uterus. The activity of the egg remains throughout the day, and if during this time it meets a sperm, then fertilization will occur. It happens that the ovary releases two or three eggs, in which a woman can become a mother of twins. The discharge after ovulation, before the maturation of the egg is not the same, and constant monitoring of their structure will allow you to independently calculate the moment for sexual intercourse. For couples planning the appearance of a long-awaited baby, it is important to know the signs of ovulation, because it is at this time that they have a real chance to bring pregnancy closer. The most favorable period for conception is the day the egg is released, the sperm can live in the uterus for up to five days, and therefore pregnancy can occur even if the sexual intercourse was before the maturation of the egg. Ovulation discharge will help you tune in to [...]

Stimulation of ovulation is a real step towards motherhood Sooner or later in the life of every woman there comes a moment when she is ready to feel the joy of motherhood, when the birth of a little man becomes her most important desire. However, unfortunately, not everyone is given the happiness of becoming pregnant. A couple of decades ago, the medical verdict "infertility" for many women was tantamount to a sentence. Today, the current level of development of reproductive medicine makes it possible for thousands of families to become parents, multiplying the chance of conceiving a child by stimulating ovulation. Despite the rather high efficiency of this method of combating infertility, this option is not suitable for everyone. Being an ideal solution for those who have been diagnosed with polycystic disease, those who have menstrual irregularities, lack of ovulation, this method has a number of serious contraindications for use. Contraindications to stimulation of pregnancy It is strictly forbidden to take stimulant drugs in the following cases: in case of any inflammatory processes of the ovaries; the presence of chronic diseases associated with constant drug therapy; genital tract infection in one of the partners. In addition, drugs used to stimulate ovulation can adversely affect the health of women over 40 years of age. It should be noted that regardless of how ovulation will be stimulated (medicated, or it is planned to stimulate pregnancy with folk remedies), it is preferable to carry out all activities under medical supervision. Ethnoscience […]

During the period of bearing a child, a woman is often prescribed not only vitamin complexes, but also certain medications, even if there are no obvious health problems. Riboxin during pregnancy refers to drugs that are needed not only by the body of the woman herself, but also by the developing fetus. The instructions attached to the drug indicate that it is contraindicated while carrying a baby, but you should not be afraid of this, as the manufacturer warns that taking the drug must be agreed with the doctor. The mechanism of action Riboxin refers to synthetic drugs that improve metabolism in the muscle tissues of the body. The drug has antiarrhythmic, metabolic and antihypoxic effects. What does it mean? This mechanism of action normalizes metabolism during pregnancy, contributes to better functioning of the heart muscle. During the period of bearing a child, all organs and systems of a woman's body work with an increased load. Insufficient work of the heart leads to the fact that blood containing a minimum amount of oxygen penetrates through the placenta to the fetus, and this, in turn, contributes to the development of hypoxia. As a result of this pathology, the internal systems of the baby suffer, the brain does not receive proper development, all body systems may form incorrectly. In order to ensure a normal level of oxygen, it is Riboxin that is needed during pregnancy. In the cells and tissues of the liver, Riboxin also improves metabolism, neutralizes the action of toxins entering the body or […]

Pregnancy is a rather serious test, both for a baby who has not yet been born, and for the woman herself. During the gestation period, various difficulties and problems may arise that require medical attention. Sometimes only the use of various medications helps to keep the pregnancy. One of these medicines is magnesium sulfate, or magnesia. What are the effects of magnesium? The effect of this medicine, depending on the route of administration, can vary greatly. Magnesium sulfate is administered orally as a choleretic, as well as a laxative. Magnesia during pregnancy, administered intravenously or intramuscularly, helps to relax smooth muscle cells. Due to this, there is an increase in the diameter of the vessels and a decrease in blood pressure; increased renal filtration and urine output; decrease in uterine tone; decrease in seizure activity. When is magnesium prescribed? Magnesia during pregnancy is usually prescribed in the form of droppers. The main indications for its introduction are: uterine hypertonicity and the threat of miscarriage; preeclampsia; convulsive syndrome and eclampsia; epileptic attack; tendency to increase blood pressure; swelling; extrasystole and other rhythm disturbances; lack of magnesium and potassium in the body. Quite rarely, magnesium sulfate is administered intramuscularly during pregnancy. This is due to the fact that this method of administration is much more painful and less effective. In addition, intramuscular injections can be complicated by suppuration and abscess formation, since immunity in pregnant women is reduced. The only indication for prescribing magnesia […]

Fungal disease thrush affects the mucous membranes of the body of men and women. Most often, women suffer from the disease, and it manifests itself on the vaginal mucosa. As a result, unpleasant itching, constant burning and discharge appear. During pregnancy, thrush worries many ladies because, against the background of weakened immunity, Candida (the fungi that cause thrush) begin to actively divide. How to treat thrush for pregnant women It is strictly forbidden to use many drugs for the treatment of thrush during pregnancy. Therefore, in order to receive prompt and effective treatment, it is necessary to consult a specialist. Clotrimazole during pregnancy is used quite often. Important! You can use clotrimazole only in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. In the first trimester, the treatment of thrush with these tablets should be abandoned. Clotrimazole refers to topical agents that help fight the fungus on the vaginal mucosa. The medicine fights not only with Candida fungi, but also with many other pathogenic microorganisms that can cause various infections. Clotrimazole action: Antibacterial; Trichomonacid; Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis; Slow down protein synthesis; Forms of release Clotrimazole during pregnancy is applied topically, and the ability to use it during the period of bearing a baby distinguishes the drug from a number of other drugs of the same action. The modern pharmaceutical industry offers lotions, ointments and solutions for external use. Also, the medicine is sold in the form of vaginal suppositories that are inserted into the vagina and tablets that are taken orally. […]

During the period of bearing a child, not all medicines are safe, most of the usual drugs have a toxic effect on the fetus or adversely affect the woman's well-being. But it happens that it is impossible to do without medicines, and then the doctor chooses the safest, but at the same time effective remedy. Monural during pregnancy is prescribed for urological problems, when using it, there is no risk of a negative effect on the child. What is Monural for? A feature of the body of a pregnant woman is a condition in which the work of the immune system is significantly reduced. Against this background, any infections develop rapidly, among which urological problems occupy the first place. Drawing pains in the lower abdomen, frequent trips to the toilet, painful urination complicate the life of any person, and during pregnancy, deterioration in well-being is perceived even more painfully. Developed cystitis should not be ignored, since the lack of treatment will lead to the inevitable appearance of pyelonephritis. And this disease during pregnancy threatens with the most dangerous complications - this is an increase in pressure, swelling, late toxicosis, in severe cases ending in miscarriages or premature births. In this regard, urological infections during pregnancy should always be treated until the complete disappearance of all symptoms and the normalization of indicators in blood and urine tests. Monural is one of the most powerful antibiotics with the widest spectrum of action. That is, when it is prescribed, you can quickly restore the microflora of mucous tissues [...]

Proven and well-known in Western Europe, the stimulant drug Dopegyt is often prescribed to pregnant women with certain deviations. Insomnia, headaches and dizziness, even in the absence of noticeable problems with blood pressure, may be the reason for the doctor to choose this drug. How does Dopegyt work? To control and lower blood pressure, Dopegyt during pregnancy is used only in an individual dosage strictly recommended by a physician. The main component of the drug is a potent component - alpha-methyldop, which during pregnancy can be safely taken from the second trimester. Dopegyt works as a relaxer. It affects the heart rate and minute circulation. The drug also reduces the overall resistance of blood vessels. Indications for taking Dopegyt during pregnancy During pregnancy, doctors monitor the general condition of the body of the pregnant woman and her fetus. Particularly important is the third trimester, when the load on the body and in particular on the cardiovascular system increases dramatically. Dopegyt is recommended in the second half of pregnancy for: hypertension; regular pressure surges; headaches, especially when the body is in a horizontal position. With a congenital tendency to high blood pressure or a sharp jump in pressure by 20 units, Dopegyt can be prescribed for a short reception in the first trimester. General contraindications: acute renal failure; any liver disease; heart failure; myocardial infarction; breast-feeding. If the recommended dose is violated, Dopegyt can cause a number of […]

The most troublesome and responsible time in a woman's life is the period of bearing a child. During these months, a huge number of changes occur in the body of the expectant mother, which reduce her immunity. To support protective functions during pregnancy and neutralize the effect of adverse factors, gynecologists and obstetricians use all kinds of drugs. One of them is miramistin. What are the main therapeutic properties of this drug and how is it used in therapy? The creation and scope of Miramistin in its pharmacological range refers to antiseptics. It was developed by Professor Yu.S. Krivoshein. and patented as an author's drug. During testing, a wide range of its effects on bacterial, viral and fungal infections was revealed. For almost 20 years it has been used in the following traditional areas of medicine: Surgery. For the prevention of wounds in case of infection, frostbite, burn tissue damage. Venereology. In the treatment of syphilis, herpes, gonorrhea, genital candidiasis, trichomoniasis. Dermatology and Urology. Miramistin is used for skin infections, urethritis and prostatitis. Otorhinolaryngology. ENT doctors often prescribe this antiseptic with diagnoses: otitis media, sinusitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis. Dentistry. In the treatment of stomatitis, the prevention of removable dentures. In addition to its surface activity, Miramistin also has a beneficial effect on the immune system. It can be used even for influenza, and in gynecology - for thrush. The drug is absolutely non-toxic. However, miramistin should be prescribed during pregnancy with a degree of caution. It is necessary to take into account not only the state of […]

According to WHO, more than 2 billion people suffer from iron deficiency in the body. One of the categories most susceptible to this disease is pregnant women. In the last stages of pregnancy, iron deficiency is observed in almost everyone. This is due to a sharp increase in the need for this element in the fetus (for the growth of spleen and liver tissues, the formation of red blood cells). Almost 1/3 of a woman's iron is spent on the development of a child. The use of iron-containing products does not solve the problem of its replenishment. The best option is to take special drugs. Most often, doctors prescribe Sorbifer during pregnancy for preventive and therapeutic purposes. Why is anemia dangerous during pregnancy? Diagnosis of anemia is carried out on the basis of a general blood test. The presence of the disease is indicated by the level of hemoglobin. With an indicator below 110 g / l - iron deficiency anemia, requiring immediate treatment. This diagnosis can lead to quite dangerous consequences for the mother and the unborn child: abortion or premature birth; hypoxia or hypotrophy of the fetus; bleeding; weakened labor activity. Sorbifer Durules appointment and reception Sorbifer is a drug consisting of iron and ascorbic acid. This chemical composition allows you to prescribe the drug to pregnant women. For better absorption, iron in tablets is contained in the form of salt. Vitamin C also contributes to better absorption. The drug is prescribed: For the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. As a prophylaxis to prevent anemia in II and III […]

During the period of bearing a child, the work of the digestive organs of a woman in most cases does not change for the better. Nausea, flatulence, vomiting cause a lot of trouble in the first months, but the worst thing is if the expectant mother is worried about constipation. The impossibility of normal bowel movements causes discomfort in the abdomen, affects appetite and mood. Duphalac during pregnancy is what doctors advise using in most cases if there is a tendency to constipation. When Duphalac is needed During the bearing of a baby, it is necessary to use medications only according to strict indications and only when the problem could not be dealt with in other ways. This fully applies to laxatives. You can establish proper bowel movement with the help of a plant-based diet, sufficient water intake, and the rejection of products that affect the deterioration of intestinal motility. Helps to get rid of constipation and increase physical activity - walking at any time of the day, light exercise, for those who want yoga or swimming. And only if these measures did not help to establish the work of the intestinal tract, it will be possible to use a drug for constipation, which is safe and well tolerated. Why is Duphalac prescribed during pregnancy? The choice and appointment of this drug to pregnant women has many reasons: The drug does not have an embryotoxic and teratogenic effect. This means only one thing - Duphalac is safe for the fetus at any stage of development. The drug has a strong osmotic effect. That […]

Furacilin is an antibacterial drug that is very common among pregnant women. Only 4-5 days of regular use of furacilin guarantee the cessation of the reproduction of the microbial population. Furacilin is not an antibiotic drug, however, the principle of its action is similar, which is why the drug is widely used among drugs. Furacilin during pregnancy: use Furacilin during pregnancy is used externally in order to treat or slow down purulent-inflammatory processes, such as tonsillitis. The product is used as a liquid solution. The drug is used in the following sequence: 4 tablets are crushed with a regular spoon; the powder is poured into a liter of boiled water. It is necessary to use warm water, since the tablets will not be able to dissolve in cold water; allow the solution to cool so as not to burn the mouth and throat when rinsing. The tool can be used as much as you want. Regularity is assigned independently. Is it allowed to gargle with a furatsilin solution during pregnancy It goes without saying that the use of any medication during pregnancy is unacceptable. Even the most simple and harmless drugs must be strictly dosed. But, nevertheless, medicines should be applied in case of diseases. If necessary, the most gentle and safe means are prescribed. If necessary, doctors prescribe the use of furacilin, since this medicine is one of the safest for pregnant women and the fetus. Another of the appointments of furacilin is the treatment of dysentery, but in this case, furacilin powder is used internally. Rinse solution so […]

An excellent remedy for ENT diseases, the popular drug Kameton is excellent for respiratory diseases, among which the following should be highlighted: pharyngitis; tonsillitis; runny nose; bronchitis. Being at the same time an antiseptic, Kameton helps with colds and flu, facilitating their flow. Some doctors prescribe this drug to pregnant women, as they believe that it does not contain ingredients that would negatively affect the health of expectant mothers. Let's see if it is possible to use Cameton spray during pregnancy. Rules for the use of the drug and its composition Spray Kameton is a combined drug, the main active ingredient of which is chlorobutanol. This substance, in turn, has antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties, and auxiliary elements replace local anesthesia. The composition also contains camphor, which, through irritation, increases blood circulation. The feeling of cold from the application gives such a component as levomethanol. Eucalyptus oil, present in the composition, has anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effects. The spray should not be taken by children under the age of 5 years. And the thing is that children are more sensitive to the components of the drug, unlike adults. Is it possible to use the drug during pregnancy There are a lot of opinions about whether it is possible to use Cameton during pregnancy, but finding the right option is not so easy. In the event that the attending physician, whom you trust, has prescribed the intake of this or that medicine, then take it […]

Every woman, having learned that she will soon become a mother, wants to understand when the first meeting with the baby will take place. To do this, you need to find out the gestational age, you can calculate it in several ways.

But even the most accurate calculations will only give, because not every pregnancy lasts exactly 40 weeks. Approximate terms are set by the doctor when registering and within 9 months can be slightly adjusted.

You can calculate the gestational age in different ways. Each has its pros and cons. Some calculations are easy to do at home on your own, armed with a calendar, other methods of determining the due date require the help of a doctor and medical equipment.

By date of ovulation (conception)

This counting method is the most accurate, especially in the early stages. Conception can only occur during a period that lasts several hours, and over the next day, while the egg remains in the fallopian tube. If the spermatozoa enter the uterus later, then fertilization is no longer possible.

There are three ways to determine the day on which ovulation occurred:

• Calendar . Most often, menstruation begins exactly 2 weeks after ovulation. Knowing the duration, you can calculate the day when the egg left the ovary and was in the fallopian tube - the period of conception. For example, if 30 days pass from the beginning of one period to the beginning of others, then the calculation of ovulation will be as follows: 30-14 = 16 (conception occurred on the 16-17th day of the cycle). But this method turns out to be inappropriate in cases where ovulation or, that is, occurs not after 14 days, but after 10-13 or 15-18. Such a calculation will also fail to be performed by women with.
• . The principle of operation of this test is based on the detection of high levels of luteinizing hormone in urine or saliva. Its amount varies throughout the cycle and reaches a maximum on the eve of ovulation. When the test gives, it means that conception can occur in the next 24-48 hours. Pharmacies can be purchased, which react to the concentration of luteinizing hormone in saliva. They are designed for one or more applications. A more common option is strip strips that determine the level of LH in the urine.
• Schedule . This method requires a long measurement of temperature in the rectum. The procedure should be done in the morning without getting out of bed. Record all data daily. Ovulation on the chart will be determined by a sharp increase in values ​​​​by 0.4-0.6 degrees. In the first half of the cycle, it is not more than 37 ° C, on the day the egg is released from the ovary, it increases and stays at about the same level until the next menstruation. The disadvantage of this method is that such changes may not be caused by ovulation, but, for example, by a recent sexual intercourse or a cold that begins.

Do not confuse the day of sexual intercourse and the day of conception. Fertilization of the egg is possible within 24-36 hours after ovulation. Spermatozoa, entering the body of a woman, can remain alive for up to 7 days. That is, within a week (usually 3-5 days) after intercourse, conception can occur.

By the date of the beginning of the menstrual cycle

This is how the obstetric gestational age is calculated. It does not take into account on which day the conception occurred and the development of the embryo began. Therefore, it is not entirely accurate, the error can be from 7 to 14 days.

How to calculate the gestational age by the last menstruation? First you need to remember when they started. For further calculations, it is better to prepare a calendar. It is necessary to determine the number of days from the first day of the last menstrual bleeding to today. This will be the obstetric gestational age.

You can find out the expected time of birth of a child in the following ways:

1. From the beginning of the last menstruation, count 40 weeks.
2. From the beginning of the last menstruation, subtract (count back) 3 months, and then add 1 week. Move this calendar date forward one year.

For example, a woman's last period began on October 20, 2016. According to method 1, we add 40 weeks, we get the expected date of birth - July 27, 2017. We calculate in 2 ways: October 20 minus 3 months - July 20, plus 1 week - July 27. The dates match, both calculations are correct.

This method of calculation is most accurate for women with a 28-day menstrual cycle. How to make it easier - to correctly calculate the gestational age, an online calculator will help, but again, only for the reference cycle. In other cases, a doctor can confirm the date more reliably.

By date of first movement

The method of determining the date of birth by the first movement has been used for over 100 years. It was very relevant at a time when medical technology and knowledge were not developed. Now doctors do not use it, since in other ways it is possible to calculate the gestational age in weeks more accurately.

It is believed that the first stirring occurs exactly in the middle of pregnancy. Based on this, you can calculate the expected date of birth. Embryonic development of the fetus lasts 38 weeks. So, by the day when the woman felt the first tremors, you need to add 19 weeks - this will be the expected date of birth. And if we subtract the same period of time, we get the date of conception.

But the error of such a calculation is very large:

• With the help of modern medical equipment, it has been established that the baby can begin to move as early as the 12th week of pregnancy, but women feel it later.
• Most often, women who will give birth for the first time begin to feel the baby's movements at week 20, and those who already have children, early at 18. It turns out that the calculations for the date of birth will be as follows: we add 18 weeks to the day of the first movement (for those who have a first pregnancy) or 20 weeks (for repeated pregnancies).
• All women have different sensitivities. According to the observations of doctors, lean women leading a sedentary lifestyle are the first to determine movements. They celebrate them as early as the 14th week of pregnancy.

Given that the pregnancy itself can take from 38 to 42 weeks, the error in this calculation becomes even greater. Doctors mark the day of the first movement on the chart, but it is not used to adjust the estimated date of birth.

According to measurements of the uterus

From a certain period, namely from 6 months, the height of the uterine fundus in centimeters corresponds to the number of weeks of gestation. Therefore, by measuring this parameter, you can calculate the approximate date of birth and gestational age.

The standing height of the bottom of the uterus is the distance from its upper edge to the pubic joint. The gynecologist measures it from 14-16 weeks, before this period it is located behind the pubic bone, and you can find out its dimensions only during a vaginal examination.

Of the tools you need only a centimeter tape. You need to lie on your back, after emptying your bladder. Release the belly from clothes and carefully feel it along the lobar line: in the place where the elastic belly becomes soft, the bottom of the uterus (its upper border) is located. You need to measure from this point to the pubic joint.

To make it easier to find the upper border of the uterus, you can focus on the standard indicators:

• at week 12, it reaches the upper edge of the pubic bone, the size of the entire uterus is comparable to the size of the head of a newborn child, it is still impossible to probe and measure it;
• at week 16 - located 6 cm from the pubic joint, you need to feel the distance from the navel to the pubic bone;
• 20 - 12 cm above the womb, determined approximately 2 fingers below the navel;
• at 24 - palpable at 22-24 cm from the pubis, just in the navel area;
• 28 - 27-29 cm, which is about 2-3 fingers above the navel;
• at 32 - it is installed 31-33 cm from the womb, palpated between the navel and the beginning of the sternum approximately in the middle;
• at 36 - 35-37 cm, determined at the level of the beginning of the sternum;
• at 40 weeks, the child places the head in the pelvic bones, and the uterus descends slightly, the height of its bottom is 32-33 cm, it is palpable between the navel and the beginning of the sternum.

How to calculate what the exact gestational age is now and when the birth will occur, knowing the height of the uterine fundus? This can be done when the indicator reaches 24 cm. From this period, the number of weeks of pregnancy is the same (24 or more). Considering that the entire pregnancy lasts 40 weeks, the calculations are easy to make.

The accuracy of this method is not high, so at present it is practically not used. But these measurements are still carried out, their purpose is to identify possible complications. If the height of the uterine fundus does not correspond to the gestational age, this may be a sign of cystic drift, tumors and other pathologies.

ultrasound

Ultrasound can be performed early. Already from 3-5 weeks, the fetal egg begins to be visualized, determining its location helps to exclude, and the diameter - to set the period.

At 5-6 weeks, the embryo itself is viewed, the doctor measures the coccyx-parietal size (). There are normative values ​​of this indicator for certain periods. From the comparison, the gestational age and the approximate date of delivery are calculated.

In the 2nd and 3rd trimesters during ultrasound, the following indicators are measured:

• biparietal size - the segment between the parietal tubercles;
• circumference of the head, chest and abdomen;
• thigh bone length.

For all these values, there are also norms. By comparing the measurement values, the gestational age can be calculated and the date of delivery can be estimated. But as individual differences become more apparent every week, the probability of error is constantly growing. The size of the fetus reflects the disease of the mother, hereditary factors, especially the course of pregnancy. Therefore, by the end of gestation, a child can weigh 2700 grams or 4500 - both options will be the norm.

So, determining the duration of pregnancy and the date of birth using ultrasound will be accurate up to 12 weeks. The more time has passed since this period, the less reliable the results will be.

According to the level of hCG

Human chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone that is produced by the fetal membranes from the 6th day after conception. The first weeks there is a rapid increase in its concentration in the blood: twice every 2 days. Then its production gradually decreases, and from 9-11 weeks the indicators begin to decrease.

You can find out the concentration of hCG in the blood by passing it for laboratory analysis. There are certain norms for the content of this hormone in plasma for a certain period of pregnancy. Each laboratory uses its own reagents, the sensitivity of which is different. Therefore, there is no single table of standard values.

The method of determining the gestational age by the level of hCG in the blood is practically not used, although it is quite accurate, especially in the early stages. The analysis is carried out to detect pathologies, for example, or implantation of the embryo outside the uterine cavity.

What difficulties may arise?

No matter how accurate the methods for calculating the duration of pregnancy, they all give only an approximate date of birth. It is impossible to say with a 100% guarantee when the baby will be born.

According to statistics, 17% of pregnant women give birth on the day expected by doctors, and the remaining majority - sooner or later. It turns out that even the most qualified specialists and high-tech equipment are not able to perform an absolutely accurate calculation.

Normal labor is considered to begin between 38 and 42 weeks of gestation. In these cases, the fetus is considered full-term. With some complications, labor begins. The cause may be the pathology of the development of the child, stressful situations, various disorders in the mother's body, hereditary factors. All this must be taken into account when calculating the gestational age.

The child is often observed when, in the case of taking hormonal drugs, with impaired ovarian function. The hereditary factor also influences: if there have been late births along the female line, then it is likely that they will be repeated.

The menstrual cycle and ovulation are physiological processes. The cycle length ranges from 24 to 35 days. Therefore, any calculations based on them will always have a certain amount of error.

Standard calculations are based on the assumption that pregnancy lasts 40 weeks, and this is only true for a 28-day cycle. The time of ovulation is also determined by static data: 14 days before the onset of menstruation. In fact, this process can happen 3-4 days earlier or later.

You can calculate the gestational age in different ways. The most accurate are the determination by the date of conception (ovulation), by the last day of menstruation and according to ultrasound data for up to 12 weeks. Other methods can be considered auxiliary, they allow a large share of the error and for this purpose are not used in medical practice.

Even the most accurate method can be wrong by 1-2 weeks, or even more. This is due to the fact that the duration of bearing a child ranges from 38 to 42 weeks (normal), the menstrual cycle - from 24 to 35 days, the onset of ovulation can also occur a few days earlier or later than expected in standard calculations.

Useful video on how to calculate the gestational age and due date

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Maria Sokolova

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As soon as 2 long-awaited stripes appear on the test, and the state of joyful shock passes, the expectant mother begins to calculate the time by which the little one should be born. Of course, knowing exactly the day of conception, it is not difficult to determine the approximate day of birth, but if there is no such data, it remains to rely on the existing traditional "calculators". It is clear that the gestational age is almost impossible to calculate to days and hours (too many factors affect pregnancy), but there are still methods for calculating the most accurate period.

Calculation of the obstetric gestational age by the date of the last menstruation

At a time when there were no high-tech diagnostic methods, doctors used the method of determining the gestational age by “critical days” for such calculations. What is called "obstetric period" in medicine. The method is successfully used today, and involves the calculation of the period (which is 40 weeks) from the 1st day of the last menstruation.

The obstetricians determine the date of birth in the following ways:

• Date of the 1st day of the last menstruation + 9 months + 7 days.
• Date of the 1st day of the last menstruation + 280 days.

On a note:

This time frame is approximate. And only one out of 20 mothers will give birth clearly in the week that was calculated by the gynecologist. The remaining 19 will give birth 1-2 weeks later or earlier.

Why can the "obstetric" term be erroneous?

• Not every woman has "critical days" - regular ones. The cycle and duration of menstruation is different for every woman. One has 28 days and regularly, without failures, while the other has 29-35 days and "whenever they want." For one, the torment with menstruation takes only 3 days, while for the other it takes a week, or even one and a half.
• Conception does not always occur exactly at the moment of sexual intimacy. As you know, a sperm cell is able to live for several days (or even a week) in the fallopian tube, and on which of these days fertilization occurred - no one can guess and cannot establish.

How to calculate the gestational age by the first movement of the fetus?

The oldest, "grandmother's" method for determining the gestational age. It cannot be attributed to the most accurate, but together with other methods - why not? The term of the 1st stirring of the crumbs is still noted in the history of the pregnancy of the expectant mother.

It's simple: the 1st movement is exactly half the term. For the 1st birth, this usually occurs at week 20 (i.e., date of the 1st stir + another 20 weeks), and for subsequent births, at the 18th week (date of the 1st stir + another 22 weeks).

However, it should be remembered that…

• The expectant mother will not even feel the true 1st movements (the baby begins to move as early as the 12th week).
• Often, for the 1st stirring, mothers take gas formation in the intestines.
• A thin, slender mother with a sedentary lifestyle is likely to feel the first points much earlier.

Given the inconsistency of this method for making important decisions about the timing of childbirth, relying only on it is not only naive, but also dangerous. Therefore, determining the date of birth can only be complex. That is, adjusted on the basis of all factors, analyzes, diagnostics and other indicators.

We calculate the gestational age and the date of birth by conception on the days of ovulation

The easiest way to calculate your gestational age is to use the days of ovulation in your calculations. Most likely, pregnancy occurs on the 14th day of the 28-day cycle (or on the 17-18th day with a 35-day cycle) - this day is the starting point for the gestational age. For calculations, you only need to subtract 13-14 days from the date of the missed period and add 9 months.

The disadvantage of the method is the low accuracy of forecasts:

• 1st reason: the period of sperm activity (2-7 days) in the fallopian tube.
• 2nd reason: it is difficult to determine the approximate day of conception if the spouses make love several times a week or more often.

How do obstetricians-gynecologists calculate the gestational age?

On the first visit of the expectant mother with an embarrassed “I'm probably pregnant”, the gynecologist, first of all, is interested in the date of the last menstruation. But the gestational age will be calculated, of course, not only on its basis, but in a complex way.

The "package" of such factors and criteria includes the following methods:

According to the size of the uterus

An experienced doctor will very quickly and clearly determine the term in this way, especially in the early stages. For example, during pregnancy up to 4 weeks, this criterion will be equal to the size of a chicken egg, and at the 8th week - the size of a goose.

After 12 weeks, it is already more difficult to determine, because each baby is individual, and the size of the uterus in 2 mothers with the same period may be different.

According to ultrasound

Again, until the 12th week of pregnancy, determining its period is an easier process than starting from the 3rd month.

The error of ultrasound diagnostics from the 2nd trimester is due to the individual development of babies.

According to the height of the fundus of the uterus (VDM)

The gynecologist uses this method starting from the 2nd trimester of pregnancy. In the process of carrying a baby, the uterus grows with him and gradually goes beyond the bottom of the pelvis.

The doctor measures the VDM by laying the expectant mother on the couch - probes the uterus through the abdominal cavity and works with a “centimeter” (from the pubic joint to the highest point of the uterus). The increase in VDM occurs weekly and most often corresponds to certain indicators.

Deviations of 2-4 cm are possible, taking into account the age of the mother, the number of waters and the number of embryos, the size of the baby, etc. Therefore, the obtained indicators must be compared with the size of the fetus and with the circumference of the mother's waist.

VDM - weekly calculation:

• 8-9th week

The uterus within the small pelvis. VDM - 8-9 cm.

• 10-13th week

From the 12th week begins the development of the placenta, the formation of blood vessels in the fetus, the growth of the uterus. VDM - 10-11 cm.

• 16-17th week

The kid is no longer just a "tadpole", but a little man with all the organs. VDM - 14-18 cm. At the 16th week, the doctor is already probing the uterus in the area between the navel and the pubis.

• 18-19th week

Formed placental system, limbs, cerebellum, as well as the immune system. VDM - 18-19 cm.

• 20th week

At this period, the VDM should be equal to the period - 20 cm.

• 21st week

From this point on, 1 cm / week is added. The bottom of the uterus is palpable at a distance of 2 fingers from the navel. VDM - about 21 cm.

• 22-24th week

The bottom of the uterus is already in the navel, and is easily determined by the doctor. The fetus already weighs about 600 g. WDM - 23-24 cm.

• 25-27th week

VDM - 25-28 cm.

• 28-30th week

VDM is 28-31 cm.

• From the 32nd week, the doctor determines the bottom of the uterus already between the navel and the xiphoid process of the chest. VDM - 32 cm.
• By the 36th week, the uterine fundus can already be felt on the line that connects the costal arches. VDM is 36-37 cm.
• 39th week. During this period, the bottom of the uterus descends. The weight of the baby "passes" over 2 kg. VDM is 36-38 cm.
• 40th week. Now the bottom of the uterus can again be felt between the ribs and the navel, and the VDM sometimes decreases to 32 cm. This is the period when the baby is ready to be born.

According to the size of the head and the length of the fetus

For this method of calculating the term, various formulas are used:

• Jordania method

Here the formula is presented as X (term in weeks) \u003d L (length of the child, cm) + C (D head, cm).

• Skulsky method

The formula is as follows: X (term in months) \u003d (L x 2) - 5 / 5. In this case, L is the length of the child in cm, the five in the numerator indicates the thickness of the uterine wall, and the five denominator is the special / coefficient.

Gestational age- one of the main components that a gynecologist needs to know about for the proper management of pregnancy. After all, on the basis of this, the doctor will prescribe the necessary examinations, tests, planned ultrasound scans, monitor intrauterine growth and fetal development, and identify possible violations in time. In addition, the determination of the term allows you to fairly accurately calculate the date of birth and the date of maternity leave. The woman herself needs to know the gestational age in order to mentally prepare for childbirth, to have time to prepare a room or a corner for the future baby, to purchase all the necessary accessories and clothes for him.

In the article, we will consider how to determine the gestational age.

Calculate by monthly

The gynecologist first of all asks a woman who has come to register at the antenatal clinic the question of when her last menstruation began. It is from this date that he begins to keep a record, despite the fact that fertilization has not yet occurred. It is known that the fertilization of the egg occurs on the day of ovulation, which occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle. This method of determining the gestational age is called "obstetric".

An online calculator will help determine the term:

How to determine the gestational age by the date of conception

It is known that conception occurs only during ovulation within a day after the release of the egg from the follicle. And the viability of spermatozoa in the female genital tract is up to 3 days. It turns out that the date of sexual intercourse does not always coincide with the date of conception.

Ovulation occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle. A woman who monitors her menstrual cycle can quite accurately calculate the onset of ovulation in herself. In addition, many at this time have characteristic signs: aching pains in the lower abdomen, breast swelling, irritability, copious vaginal discharge, increased sexual desire.

It is worth noting that only those women who have a regular menstrual cycle can determine the gestational age by the date of conception.

Online calculator:

(calculation will take a few seconds)

How to calculate by ultrasound

It is possible to find out the gestational age by the results of an ultrasound examination (ultrasound). It is determined according to the size of the fetus. The first ultrasound of the expectant mother is carried out at 12-14 weeks, but it is still impossible to determine the exact date, since the development of the fetus in each woman occurs individually. Finding out the age of the fetus by ultrasound with an accuracy of one day is possible only in the first weeks after conception.

Determination of the entrance of the examination by a gynecologist

A gynecologist can determine a woman's gestational age by the size of her uterus during a pelvic exam. At 5-6 weeks, the size of the uterus can be compared with a chicken egg, at 8 weeks - with a goose egg. Later, it will be more difficult to determine how many weeks a woman has by the size of her uterus.

Find out the date by the first movement of the fetus

A woman begins to feel fetal movements in the first pregnancy at 20 weeks, in the second - at 18 weeks. But this method does not always allow you to set a deadline, since some expectant mothers may feel the first fetal movements earlier or later than the indicated weeks - some, due to the structural features of the body, cannot feel the fetal movements, others confuse the work of the intestines (increased flatulence) with movements.

Determine by hCG

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)- one of the most important indicators indicating the onset of pregnancy and its normal development. The hormone begins to be produced in the female body after the implantation of the embryo into the wall of the uterus. The level of hCG in the blood allows you to find out the approximate age of the fetus. With multiple pregnancy, the level of the hormone in the blood increases in proportion to the number of fetuses.