1943 was released. Dates of liberation of cities. Letter from the front

The main thing that makes November 6, 1943, significant is the liberation of Kyiv. On this day, an event occurred that the inhabitants of this ancient city were waiting for with bated breath. Today, when one's own history is being rewritten and a new look at it is being actively introduced, it is especially important to know the truth about the events of those years. In particular, anyone who questions the feat of those thanks to whom the liberation of Kyiv (1943) took place should be reminded of the crimes of the Nazis.

It is even hard to imagine what the consequences of a longer presence of troops in the city could be if, in just two years of occupation, about 100 thousand civilians were shot in Babi Yar, the population decreased to 180 thousand people, and 150 thousand inhabitants of Soviet Ukraine were against their will sent to work in Germany.

The situation at the front in early November 1943

On August 26, the battle for the Dnieper began, which followed one of the most famous operations in the history of wars - the battle on the Soviet troops had to force an insurmountable water barrier, the western bank of which was turned by Wehrmacht troops into a powerful defensive line, called the "Eastern Wall". At the same time, the Germans expected that the Soviet troops would launch an offensive in the winter and cross the Dnieper after ice had settled on it.

As a result of the success of the offensive, units of the Red Army captured bridgeheads on the right bank of the Dnieper and reached the river north and south of Kyiv. Thus, the prerequisites for a powerful autumn offensive were created.

Liberation of Kyiv from fascist invaders: preparation for the operation

Initially, the command of the First Ukrainian (former Voronezh) Front intended to deliver two strikes at once. The main one was to be carried out from the side of the Bukrinsky bridgehead, located 80 km south of the city of Kyiv, and the auxiliary one - from the north. In accordance with this plan, two offensive attempts were made during October. However, both times the attacks from the Burkinsky direction were unsuccessful, but the bridgehead was expanded, which was located in the Lyutezh region north of Kyiv. It was decided to use it for a decisive assault, the purpose of which was to be the liberation of Kyiv. At the same time, the troops on the Burkinsky bridgehead were instructed to “tie up” as many Wehrmacht forces as possible there, and if favorable conditions were created, break through the front and start moving forward. For these purposes, it was used. In particular, so that the enemy did not notice the transfer of the 3rd Guards Tank Army, armored vehicles were replaced at the Bukrinsky bridgehead with mock-ups that were supposed to mislead enemy pilots making reconnaissance sorties.

The forces of the opponents before the battle for Kyiv

By the beginning of November, the Red Army in the Kiev direction was armed with about 7 thousand guns and mortars, 700 aircraft and 675 tanks and self-propelled guns. The enemy had the same number of fighters and bombers. However, in terms of the number of guns and artillery mounts, as well as tanks, the Red Army had a slight advantage. At the same time, to cover the city from the north, the German command ordered the construction of 3 fortified defensive lines, the presence of which was to significantly impede the movement of our troops.

Liberation of Kyiv (1943): the first stage of the operation

The offensive was launched on the morning of 3 November. First, a powerful artillery preparation was carried out, followed by a blow from the west, bypassing Kyiv. It was carried out by the 60th and 38th armies with the support of the forces of the Fifth Guards. A real air battle ensued, during which 31 enemy aircraft were shot down, and in total the Soviet aces made 1150 sorties. Fierce battles were also on the ground. As a result, at the end of that day, it turned out that our strike force had advanced along the entire length of the front to a distance of 5 to 12 km.

Events November 4, 1943

The liberation of Kyiv was somewhat delayed due to adverse weather conditions. The fact is that throughout the day on November 4 it was drizzling. To increase the pressure of the attacking Soviet troops, the First Guards Cavalry Corps and reserves, including the First Czechoslovak Brigade, under the command of L. Svoboda, were introduced into the battle. In addition, from the evening in the offensive, which continued into the night, units of the Third Guards Tank Army took part, speaking in the light of searchlights, which sowed panic among the German soldiers.

November 5

Even early in the morning, Soviet tanks reached Svyatoshino and blocked the highway connecting Kyiv with Zhitomir, thereby cutting off the Kiev group from the rest of the Nazi forces. All day there were battles with the participation of infantry, artillery, aviation and armored vehicles, during which the enemy suffered huge losses and was forced to retreat.

November 6

Finally, late at night, Soviet soldiers entered Kyiv. The liberation of the city took place quite quickly, since the Red Banner was raised over it at 00:30, and by 4:00 in the morning the cannonade in the city finally subsided.

At the same time, it was calculated that the troops of the First Ukrainian Front defeated 2 tank, 9 infantry and one motorized division.

The final stage of the operation

Since in the first days of November the command of the “South” armies planned a counterattack in the area of ​​Krivoy Rog, Nikopol and Apostolovo, it could not use its reserves represented by tank and motorized divisions to hold the capital of Soviet Ukraine. This circumstance accelerated the liberation of Kyiv from the Nazis, and during November 7, the troops of the First Ukrainian Front also managed to liberate the city of Fastov. However, by November 10-11, the reserve German units arrived in time to help the retreating Wehrmacht troops, and the first serious German counterattacks began. However, a week later (November 13) Zhytomyr was liberated. The offensive was so powerful that parts of the Seventh Army Corps of the Wehrmacht stopped retreating only when they reached 50 km south of Kyiv. At the same time, by the end of November, the 13th and 60th armies reached the line east of Korosten and north of Narovlya, Ovruch and Yelsk.

How did the country celebrate this victory?

The liberation of Kyiv from the Nazis (date: November 6, 1943) was greeted by the Soviet people with a feeling of great joy. On this occasion, 24 salutes were fired in Moscow. A record number of guns took part in it.

For exceptional courage and heroism shown in the battles, which resulted in the liberation of Kyiv, 17,500 people were awarded orders and medals. Among them were the commander and 139 soldiers of the First Czechoslovak Brigade. As for this military unit itself, the Second Class was attached to its banner. In addition, 65 Soviet units and formations were awarded the honorary title of Kiev. Among them are troops under the command of Colonel General K. Moskalenko, Lieutenant General I. Chernyakhovsky, P. Rybalko, S. Krasovsky and Major General P. Korolkov.

results

The liberation of Kyiv (date: November 6, 1943) was of strategic importance for the situation on the fronts of the Second World War. During this operation, the troops of the Soviet Union defeated nine infantry, one motorized and two Wehrmacht, captured and destroyed 600 tanks, 1200 guns and mortars, as well as 90 aircraft. An important bridgehead was created along the banks of the Dnieper with a length of 230 km and up to 145 km in depth, which later played a significant role in the battles for the liberation of the territory of the Right-Bank Ukraine. In addition, the Soviet command managed to thwart the counteroffensive that was being prepared by the German generals in the Kirovograd direction.

miscalculations

The Soviet military leaders who planned and carried out the operation, which resulted in the liberation of Kyiv, also made some mistakes. In particular, since the advancing units of the Red Army failed to destroy the main enemy forces, after November 15, he was able to go on the counteroffensive and until December 22, our troops could not achieve a noticeable advance on this sector of the front.

Losses in manpower

The death toll on both warring sides reached several thousand. In particular, in Soviet historiography, the following figures are given to indicate the losses of the Red Army: 6491 people were killed, 24,078 were wounded. As for the Wehrmacht troops, 389 servicemen were killed and 3018 wounded.

Response in the press

The liberation of Kyiv and the successes of the Soviet troops on the territory of the Right-Bank Ukraine caused a wide resonance. Particularly striking were the articles in the English and American press, which regarded this event as a major defeat for the Third Reich. For example, in a message from the famous London radio, it was noted that when the Wehrmacht troops occupied Kyiv, the Nazis boasted that the complete defeat of the Red Army in the entire southeast was not far off, and after the liberation of the capital of Ukraine, Germany itself began to hear the ringing of a funeral bell.

Now you know how the liberation of Kyiv took place, as well as what were the losses of the warring parties, and how the results of this operation influenced the further course of the Great Patriotic War.

1. After the defeat of the main part of the German army in the Battle of Kursk, the expulsion of the Nazi invaders from the territory of the USSR began.

Practically deprived of an army, Germany could no longer attack and went on the defensive.

By order of Hitler, in the fall of 1943, the construction of the "Eastern Wall" began - a system of powerful echeloned defensive fortifications along the line of the Baltic Sea - Belarus - the Dnieper. According to Hitler's plan, the "Eastern Wall" was supposed to fence off Germany from the advancing Soviet troops, to give time to gather forces.

The most powerful defensive structures were erected in Ukraine along the Kyiv-Dnepropetrovsk-Melitopol line. On the one hand, it was a system of pillboxes, other powerful reinforced concrete structures, minefields, artillery along the entire right bank of the Dnieper, on the other hand, there was also a powerful natural barrier - the Dnieper. Due to these circumstances, the German command considered the Dnieper line of the "Eastern Wall" impassable. Hitler gave the order to hold the East Wall at all costs and endure the winter. During this time, by the summer of 1944, it was planned to restore the German army and launch a new offensive to the east.

In order to prevent Germany from recovering from defeat, the Soviet command decides to storm the East Wall.

- lasted 4 months - from August to December 1943;

- was carried out in very difficult conditions for the Soviet army - from the "low" (flat) left bank, it was necessary to cross the Dnieper on rafts and storm the "high" (mountainous) right bank, stuffed with German defensive structures;

- The Soviet army suffered colossal casualties, since the German troops, having fortified on the heights of the right bank of the Dnieper, intensively shelled the Soviet army on the low left bank, drowned rafts with soldiers and equipment crossing the Dnieper, destroyed pontoon bridges;

- the crossing of the Dnieper took place in conditions of very bad weather in October - November, icy water, rain and snow;

- each bridgehead on the western bank of the Dnieper, each kilometer recaptured was paid for by hundreds and thousands of dead. Despite this. The Soviet army crossed the Dnieper in stubborn battles. In October 1943, Dnepropetrovsk, Zaporozhye and Melitopol were liberated, and on November 6, 1943 - Kyiv.

By December 1943, the Eastern Wall was broken through - the way to the Right-Bank Ukraine, Moldova and further to Europe was opened.

3. November 28 - December 1, 1943 in Tehran, the capital of Iran, the first meeting of the "Big Three" took place during the war - I. Stalin, W. Churchill, F. Roosevelt - the leaders of the main allied states (USSR, Great Britain and the USA ). During this meeting:

- the basic principles of the post-war settlement were worked out;

- a fundamental decision was made to open a second front in May - June 1944 - the landing of Anglo-American troops in Normandy (France) and their attack on Germany from the west.

4. In the spring - summer of 1944, the final stage of the liberation of the USSR took place - the Soviet army launched three powerful offensives:

- in the north, during which the remnants of Army Group North were defeated, the blockade of Leningrad was lifted and most of the Baltic states were liberated;

- in Belarus (Operation Bagration), during which the backbone of Army Group Center was destroyed and Belarus was liberated;

- in the south (Iasi-Kishinev operation), during which Army Group South was surrounded and defeated, Moldova, most of the Right-Bank Ukraine, Northern Romania were liberated.

As a result of these operations, by the autumn of 1944, the remnants of the three main German armies that invaded the USSR in 1941 were defeated; most of the territory of the USSR was liberated. The final stage of the war began - the liberation of Europe.

Kyiv offensive operation (liberation of Kyiv) - the operation of Soviet troops to liberate Kyiv from German invaders in the second half of the Great Patriotic War, which took place simultaneously with the forcing of the Dnieper.

The liberation operation lasted from November 3 to November 13, 1943 and ended with the complete liberation of Kyiv and its suburbs from German occupation.

The city was captured by the Germans in 1941 during the Kiev defensive operation. Despite the resistance of the Soviet troops and the fighting, which lasted for several weeks, it was not possible to keep the city. The loss of Kyiv was a huge blow to the Soviet command.

First, Ukraine had important strategic reserves of coal and grain crops that would have enabled the Soviet army to wage war in winter conditions. Secondly, the loss of Kyiv and Ukraine meant that the approach to Moscow from the south was open to the Germans. As soon as the advantage in the war passed to the side of the Soviet Union, he gave the order to force the Dnieper and recapture Ukraine and Kyiv at all costs, as this would open the way for Soviet troops to Europe. At the same time, the Germans did not want to lose such rich territories. The confrontation began.

Preparations for the liberation of Kyiv

The Kyiv operation became one of the components of the liberation of Ukraine and took place simultaneously with the crossing of the Dnieper. At the end of September 1943, the Soviet army was able to capture a number of large defensive bridgeheads on the right bank of the Dnieper from the southern and northern borders from Kyiv. This made it possible to begin preparations for the operation to liberate the city from German occupation. The forces of the Voronezh Front tried several times to break into Kyiv on their own, but these attempts were unsuccessful, a clear plan and the support of other armies were needed.

On October 24, the Soviet command ordered the regrouping of troops. Unknown to the German army, a significant part of the Soviet troops was transferred to the Lyutezhsky bridgehead, where there were already several divisions, a tank army and artillery corps. Prepared to storm Kyiv.

Although the German army, which was engaged in the defense of the city, was not in the best condition, as it had suffered serious losses before, the Germans managed to quickly organize three defensive lines with serious fortifications to contain the Red Army.

The progress of the liberation of Kyiv

The offensive of the Soviet troops began on November 1 from the Bukrinsky bridgehead in order to shackle the German army guarding the city and deprive it of the opportunity to call for reinforcements. On November 3, the assault on the city began, the Soviet army in the first few hours of the battles was able to advance several kilometers deep into the defensive front, which was a significant success. By the end of the day, the breakthrough was already about 5-10 km at different points from the north and north-west of Kyiv.

By the night of November 3, one of the artillery units, which occupied a central place in the liberation of the city, was able to approach the suburbs of Kyiv and fight the German army directly on the outskirts of the city, gradually pushing the enemy back. The Germans tried to carry out several counterattacks, but these attempts were unsuccessful: the Soviet army repelled the attack and continued to push the German army deep into the front.

On November 4, the Red Army was unable to achieve the same success as in the first days of the battles: the troops advanced only a small distance inland, as the Germans fought fierce battles and tried with all their might to prevent the Red Army from entering the city.

On November 4 and 5 there was a breakthrough in the liberation of the city. The corps that arrived to help the Soviet army were able to block the Kyiv-Zhytomyr highway and close one of the ways to supply reinforcements for the Germans. Thanks to the operation to force the Dnieper at the same time, another route was blocked: the Germans were actually cut off from their own and could not count on reinforcements.

On the morning of November 5, the German army began to gradually retreat, liberating the city and resisting the attacks of the Soviet army. On November 6, Kyiv was completely liberated from the German invaders, but the Kyiv liberation operation did not end there. The battles continued for several more days in the suburbs of the capital, significant territories were liberated. The operation ended on November 13 with the liberation of Zhitomir.

The first days of the German army, cut off from the channels of aid, in fact, constantly retreated, only occasionally trying to conduct a counteroffensive. However, on the 10th and 11th, already outside the city, the Germans were able to connect with their own and launch a series of counterattacks. In the last days of the Kiev operation, the battles were large-scale and brutal, which brought significant losses to the Soviet army. Nevertheless, the Germans failed to take Kyiv again.

The results and significance of the liberation of Kyiv

The liberation of Kyiv and Ukraine was of great strategic and moral importance for the USSR. It is worth noting that the success of this operation largely depended on the success of the liberation of the Dnieper and the support of their own on the banks of the river. Although Kyiv was liberated, the Soviet army lost a huge number of soldiers, while the Germans were able to save most of the army.

The taking of Kyiv under the control of the USSR was another step towards the liberation of Ukraine and opened up access to the borders with Romania and Poland.

ARMAVIR. On January 24, 1943, he was released in search of the Transcaucasian Front (left on August 7, 1942).
BARANOVCHP. On July 8, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Belorussian Front (left on June 27, 1941).
BATAPSK. February 7, 1943 liberated by the troops of the Southern Front (left July 27, 1942).
WHITE CHURCH. On January 4, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front (left on July 16, 1941).
BELGOROD. On February 9, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the Voronezh Front (left on October 24, 1941). On August 5, 1943, he was liberated for the second time by the troops of the Steppe Front (the 18th elevator of 1943 was left for the second time).
BOBRUISK. On June 29, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Belorussian Front and the forces of the Dnieper military flotilla (left on June 28, 1941).
BORISOV. On July 1, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 3rd Belorussian Front (left behind on July 2, 1941).
BREST (Brest Fortress). On July 28, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Belorussian Front (left on June 22, the Brest Fortress - on the 20th of July 1941).
BRYANSK. September 17, 1943 released BoiiciVELIKIE LOUKI. On January 17, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the Kalinin Front (left on August 25, 1941).
VILNIUS. On July 13, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 3rd Belorussian Front (left on June 24, 1941).
VINNITSA. March 20, 1944 liberated by troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front (left July 21, 1941).
VITEBSK. On June 26, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Baltic and 3rd Belorussian fronts (left on July 11, 1941).
VOLOKOLAMSK. On December 20, 1941, he was liberated by the troops of the Western Front (left on October 27, 1941).
VORONEZH. On January 25, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the Voronezh Front (partially abandoned by July 6, 1942).
VOROSHILOVGRAD. On February 14, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the Southwestern Front (left on July 17, 1942).
VYBORG. On June 20, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the Leningrad Front and the forces of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet (left on August 30, 1941).
VYAZMA. On March 12, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the Western Front (left on October 7, 1941).
GOMEL. On November 26, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the Belorussian Front (left on August 19, 1941).
GRODNO. On July 16, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 3rd and 2nd Belorussian Fronts (left on June 23, 1941).
DAUGAVPILS. On July 27, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 2nd and 1st Baltic Fronts (left on June 26, 1941).
"The list includes regional and regional centers, as well as other large cities of the USSR, capitals and large cities of foreign states along the post-war border.
DNEPROPETROVSK. On October 25, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front (left on August 25, 1941).
DROGOBYCH. On August 6, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front (left on July 1, 1941).
YEVPATORIA. On April 13, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front (left on October 31, 1941).
DACE. On December 9, 1941, he was liberated by the troops of the Southwestern Front (left on December 5, 1941).
ELGAVA. On August 1, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Baltic Front (left on June 29, 1941).
ZHYTOMIR. November 12, 1943 liberated by troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front (left July 9, 1941). On December 31, 1943, he was liberated for the second time by the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front (abandoned for the second time on November 19, 1943).
ZAPORIZHIA. On October 14, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the Southwestern Front (left on October 4, 1941).
INSTERBURG (Chernyakhovsk). On January 22, 1945, troops of the 3rd Belorussian Front captured the city.
KALININ. On December 16, 1941, he was liberated by the troops of the Kalinin Front (left on October 17, 1941).
KALUGA. On December 30, 1941, he was liberated by the troops of the Western Front (left on October 13, 1941).
KAMENETS-PODOLSKY. On March 26, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front (left on July 1941).
KAUNAS. On August 1, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 3rd Belorussian Front (left on June 23, 1941).
KOENIGSBERG (Kaliningrad). On April 9, 1945, the troops of the 3rd Belorussian Front and the forces of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet captured the city.
KERCH. On December 30, 1941, he was liberated by the troops of the Transcaucasian Front (left on November 16, 1941). On April 11, 1944, he was liberated for the second time by the Separate Primorsky Army and the forces of the Black Sea Fleet (secondly abandoned on May 15, 1942).
KYIV. On November 6, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front (left on September 19, 1941).
KIROVOGRAD. On January 8, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front (left on August 4, 1941).
KISHINEV. August 24, 1944 liberated by troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front (left July 16, 1941).
KOTELNIKOVSKY (Kotelnikovo). On December 29, 1942, he was liberated by the troops of the Stalingrad Front (left on August 2, 1942).
KRASNOGVARDEYSK (Gatchina). On January 26, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the Leningrad Front and the forces of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet (left on September 13, 1941).
KRASNODAR. On February 12, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the North Caucasian Front (left on August 12, 1942).
KREMENCHUG. On September 29, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the Steppe Front (left on September 8, 1941).
KRIVOY ROG. On February 22, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front (left on August 15, 1941). ".
KURSK. On February 8, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the Voronezh Front (left on November 4, 1941).
LIEPAYA. On May 9, 1945, he was released (surrender) by the troops of the Leningrad Front (left on June 27, 1941).
LUGA. On February 12, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the Leningrad Front (left on August 24, 1941).
LUTSK. On February 2, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front (left on June 25, 1941).
LVOV. On July 27, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front (left on June 30, 1941).
MAIKOP. On January 29, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the Transcaucasian Front (left on August 10, 1942).
MLLGOBEK. On January 3, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the Transcaucasian Front (left on September 12, 1942).
MPLLEROVO. On January 17, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the Southwestern Front (left on July 16, 1942).
MINSK. On July 3, 1944, he was liberated by troops of the 3rd, 2nd and 1st Belorussian Fronts (left on June 28, 1941).
MOGILEV. On June 28, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front (left on July 26, 1941).
MOZDOK. On January 3, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the Transcaucasian Front (left on August 25, 1942).
MOZYR. On January 14, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the Belorussian Front (left on August 22, 1941).
MOLODECHO. On July 5, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 3rd Belorussian Front (left on June 26, 1941).
NALCHIK. On January 4, 1943, he was released in search of the Transcaucasian Front (left on October 28, 1942).
NARVA. On July 26, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the Leningrad Front and the forces of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet (left on August 17, 1941).
NIKOLAEV (regional). On March 28, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front and the forces of the Black Sea Fleet (left on August 17, 1941).
NOVGOROD. On January 20, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the Volkhov Front (left on August 19, 1941).
NOVOROSSIYSK. On September 16, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the North Caucasian Front and the forces of the Black Sea Fleet (partially abandoned on September 9, 1942).
ODESSA. On April 10, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front (left on October 16, 1941).
EAGLE. On August 5, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the Bryansk Front (left on October 3, 1941).
ORSHA. June 27, 1944 liberated by troops of the 3rd Belorussian Front
(abandoned 16 July 1941). PETROZAVODSK. June 28, 1944 liberated by the troops of the Karelian Front
and the forces of the Onega military flotilla (left on October 2
1941).
POLOTSK. July 4, 1944 liberated by troops of the 1st Baltic Front
(abandoned 16 July 1941). POLTAVA. On September 23, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the Steppe and Voronezh Fronts (left on September 18, 1941). PROSKUROV (Khmelnitsky). March 25, 1944 liberated by troops of the 1st
Ukrainian Front (left July 8, 1941). PSKOV. July 23, 1944 liberated by troops of the 3rd Baltic Front
(abandoned 9 July 1941). REZEKNE. July 27, 1944 liberated by troops of the 2nd Baltic Front
(abandoned 4 July 1941). RECHITSA. November 17, 1943 liberated by the troops of the Belorussian Front
(abandoned 23 August 1941). RZHEV. March 3, 1943 liberated by the troops of the Western Front (left 14
October 1941).

RIGA. On October 13, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 3rd and 2nd Baltic fronts; western part of the city - 15 October 1944 (abandoned 1 July 1941).
SMOOTH. On February 2, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front (left on June 28, 1941).
ROSTOV-ON-DON. On November 29, 1941, he was liberated by the troops of the Southern Front and the 56th separate army (left on November 21, 1941). On February 14, 1943, he was liberated for the second time by the troops of the Southern Front (abandoned for the second time on July 24, 1942).
SEVASTOPOL. On May 9, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front and the forces of the Black Sea Fleet (left on July 3, 1942).
SIMFEROPOL. On April 13, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front (left on November 1, 1941).
SLUTSK. On June 30, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Belorussian Front (left on June 26, 1941).
SMOLENSK. September 25, 1943 released by the troops of the Western Front (left July 16, 1941).
STAVROPOL. On January 21, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the Transcaucasian Front (left on August 5, 1942).
STALINGRAD. On February 2, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the Don Front (partially abandoned by November 11, 1942).
STALINO (Donetsk). On September 8, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the Southern Front (left on October 21, 1941).
STANISLAV (Ivano-Frankivsk). July 27, 1944 liberated by troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front (left July 2, 1941).
SUMS. On September 2, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the Voronezh Front (left on October 10, 1941).
TAGANROG. On August 30, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the Southern Front and the forces of the Black Sea Fleet (left on October 17, 1941).
TALLINN. On September 22, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the Leningrad Front and the forces of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet (left on August 28, 1941).
TARNOPOL (Tsrnopol). April 14, 1944 liberated by troops of the 1st
Ukrainian Front (left July 3, 1941). TARTU. August 25, 1944 liberated by troops of the 3rd Baltic Front
(abandoned 24 July 1941). TIKHVIN. December 9, 1941 liberated by troops of the 4th Separate Army
(abandoned 8 November 1941). UZHGOROD. October 27, 1944 liberated by troops of the 4th Ukrainian
front.
UMAN. On March 10, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front (left behind on July 30, 1941).
KHARKOV. On February 16, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the Voronezh Front (left on October 25, 1941). On August 23, 1943, he was liberated for the second time by the troops of the Steppe Front (abandoned again on March 16, 1943).
KHERSON. March 13, 1944 liberated by troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front
(abandoned 19 August 1941). CHERKASSY. On December 14, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front (left on August 22, 1941). CHERKESSK. January 17, 1943 liberated by the troops of the Transcaucasian Front
(abandoned 11 August 1942). CHERNIGOV. September 21, 1943 liberated by the troops of the Central Front
(abandoned 9 September 1941). Chernivtsi (Chernivtsi). March 29, 1944 liberated by troops of the 1st
Ukrainian Front (left July 5, 1941). Šiauliai. July 27, 1944 liberated by troops of the 1st Baltic Front
(abandoned 26 June 1941). MINES. February 12, 1943 liberated by the troops of the Southern Front (left
July 21, 1942).
SHLISSELBURG (Pstrokrepost). On January 18, 1943, he was liberated by the troops of the Leningrad Front and the forces of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet (left on September 8, 1941).
ELISTA. On December 31, 1942, he was liberated by the troops of the Stalingrad Front (left on August 12, 1942).

European cities
AUSTRIA
VEIN. On April 13, 1945, he was liberated by the troops of the 3rd and 2nd Ukrainian fronts.
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA
VARNA. September 8, 1944 liberated by troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front
and the forces of the Black Sea Fleet. SHUMLA (Kolarovgrad, Shumen). September 9, 1944 liberated by troops of the 3rd
Ukrainian front.
HUNGARIAN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC
BUDAPEST. On February 13, 1945, he was liberated by the troops of the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts.
DEBRECEN. On October 20, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front.
SEGED. On October 11, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front.
GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
BERLIN. On May 2, 1945, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Belorussian and 1st
Ukrainian fronts. DRESDEN. On May 8, 1945, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front. POTSDAM. On April 27, 1945, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Belorussian and 1st
Ukrainian fronts.
NORWAY
KPRKENES. On October 25, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the Karelian Front and the forces of the Northern Fleet.
POLISH PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC
BILOSTOK. On July 27, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front. BRESLAU (Wroclaw). On May 6, 1945, he was liberated by the search for the 1st Ukrainian Front.
BYDGOSCHI. On January 23, 1945, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Belorussian Front. WARSAW. On January 17, 1945, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Belorussian Front. Gdynia. On March 28, 1945, he was liberated by the troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front. DANZIG (Gdansk). On March 30, he was liberated by the troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front. KATOWICE. On January 28, 1945, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front.
CRAKOW. On January 19, 1945, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front. KUSTRIN (Kostshpn). On March 12, 1945, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Belorussian Front.
LODS. On January 19, 1945, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Belorussian Front. LUBLIN. On July 24, 1944, he was released by searches of the 1st Belorussian Front. KNOW. On February 23, 1945, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Belorussian Front.
PRAGUE (fortress, suburb of Warsaw). On September 14, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Belorussian Front.
Czestochowa. On January 17, 1945, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front.
STETTIN (Szczecin). On April 26, 1945, he was liberated by the troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front.
SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF ROMANIA
BUCHAREST. On August 31, 1944, troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front entered the city.
GALATS. On August 27, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front. Cluj (Cluj-Napoca). On October 11, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front.
CONSTANCE. August 29, 1944 liberated by troops of the 3rd Ukrainian
front and the forces of the Black Sea Fleet. PLOYESTI. August 30, 1944 liberated by troops of the 2nd Ukrainian
front.
IASS. On August 21, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front.
CZECHOSLOVAK SOCIALIST REPUBLIC
BANSKA-BPSTRITSA. On March 25, 1945, he was liberated by the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front.
BRATISLAVA. On April 4, 1945, he was liberated by the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front.
BRNO. On April 26, 1945, he was liberated by the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front. ZVOLEN. On March 14, 1945, he was liberated by the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front. KOSHPCE. On January 19, 1945, he was liberated by the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front. MORAVSKA-OSTRAVA (Ostrava). April 30, 1945 liberated by troops
4th Ukrainian Front. PRAGUE. On May 9, 1945, he was liberated by the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front. PRESHOV. On January 19, 1945, he was liberated by the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front.
SOCIALIST FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA
BELGRADE. On October 20, 1944, he was released by the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front in cooperation with units of the People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia.
SUBOTIC. On October 11, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front.

The liberation of the capital of Soviet Ukraine became part of the Kiev offensive operation, which took place from November 3 to November 13, 1943.

At the end of September 1943, the troops of the Voronezh Front (which would later be renamed the 1st Ukrainian Front) carried out a series of operations that allowed them to occupy bridgeheads on the right bank of the Dnieper north and south of Kyiv. It was then that attempts were made to liberate the city. The main attacks on enemy positions were delivered from the Bukrinsky bridgehead, auxiliary ones from the Lyutezhsky.

On October 24, the main efforts of the front were transferred precisely to the Lyutezhsky bridgehead, which was reinforced by secretly deployed forces from the Bukrinsky bridgehead.

The leadership of the Wehrmacht pinned all their hopes on the fortified defense lines built to cover Kyiv from the north. In the places of offensive of the Soviet troops, the Wehrmacht could put up 11 infantry divisions of the 4th Panzer Army, which were pretty bloodless. And the Wehrmacht planned to protect Kyiv directly with parts of the 7th Army Corps. The Soviet side brought into battle up to 20 rifle divisions, 3-4 tank corps and one cavalry corps.

On November 1, the offensive began from the Bukrinsky bridgehead. The first attacks on enemy positions were delivered on the morning of November 3, and by the evening of the same day, Soviet troops managed to advance deep into the defense to a depth of 12 kilometers.

Perhaps the greatest success that day was achieved by the 240th Rifle Division, which attacked the Wehrmacht units defending Kyiv: by the end of the day, having beaten off numerous counterattacks, the division occupied the Kyiv suburb of Pushcha-Voditsa.

On November 4, the 237th Infantry Division crossed the Dnieper, 15 kilometers from Kyiv. This made it possible to take control of the highway leading to Kyiv and prevent the transfer of Wehrmacht reinforcements.

778 terrible days of occupation are over.

As a result of the use of scorched earth tactics by the Nazi occupation administration, a significant part of the city was seriously destroyed, and only thanks to the prompt actions of the troops of the Voronezh Front, protracted street battles for Kyiv were avoided, which ensured the safety of many architectural monuments of the city and saved the lives of tens of thousands of Soviet soldiers and surviving civilians .

During the occupation, the population of the city decreased, according to various sources, up to 70%. Hijacking to work in Germany, mass executions in Babi Yar and the Darnitsa concentration camp, the sacking of the city - all this accompanied the new occupation order.