Ship 1124. S. Berezhnoy small anti-submarine and small missile ships of the USSR and Russian navy. An excursion into history

The idea of ​​creating a specialized high-speed anti-submarine ship of limited displacement was developed in the Soviet Navy at the turn of the 50-60s, when the appearance abroad of new generation submarines (including those with nuclear power plants) required the adoption of effective measures to counter practically all operational zones , including the neighbor. This is how a fundamentally new class of warships of the domestic fleet was born - small anti-submarine ships (MPK), designed to combat an underwater enemy in coastal areas, near naval bases and basing points. The first was the MPK of Project 204, developed by the Zelenodolsk Design Bureau (PKB) in the early 60s. With a full displacement of 550 tons, its armament included 4 fixed one-tube torpedo tubes OTA-40-204 with a caliber of 406 mm and 2 rocket launchers RBU-6000. Special was the design of the main power plant (GEM) with a capacity of 39,500 hp, which consisted of two afterburner gas turbines D-2 and two "economic" (ie, designed for economic operation) diesel engines M-502 tons. Their serial construction was carried out on shipyards of Zelenodolsk, Kerch and Khabarovsk, from the stocks of which in 1960-1968. 64 MPKs came down, including 4 for the Romanian Navy (project 204E) and Bulgaria. In general, the project received a fairly high rating from the command of the Navy, although along with the positive qualities, obvious shortcomings were also noted, the main of which was weak air defense. But since the experience of local military conflicts with all its acuteness confirmed the increased threat from aviation, it was decided to strengthen the air defense. However, the relatively small displacement of this ship did not allow replacing the existing anti-aircraft weapons with more advanced ones.

During the design work, the main attention was paid to the selection of the most optimal contours of the ship's hull, the standard displacement of which should not initially exceed 800 tons.During numerous experiments, the PKB specialists found that in order to achieve the required speed of 35 knots, the so-called combined contours are the most profitable. combining all the advantages of acute and round bilge hulls. The freeboard was also given a complex shape; along which, to reduce flooding and splashing, there were smoothed longitudinal protrusions (which, however, had to be abandoned during serial construction for reasons of manufacturability). In addition, the unconventional sheerness of the deck, as well as the presence of an extended bow superstructure occupying the entire width of the hull, should have had a favorable effect on the seaworthiness of the ship, which gave the "albatrosses" a characteristic appearance.

Increased attention was paid to the design of the main power plant, developed under the leadership of A. Kunakhovich and A. Myshakin. 2 diesel engines of the M-507A brand with a capacity of 10 thousand hp were included in the power plant as economic engines. each, working on the side shafts, and as an afterburner - a gas turbine engine (GTE) M-8M with a capacity of 18 thousand hp. the rotating middle shaft. Both under both diesel engines and under the gas turbine engine, the ship could reach speeds of up to 20-22 knots, and with the use of all three units, which were controlled by remote control, over 35. Normal fuel supply - 130 tons - provided a cruising range of 18-knot economic travel over 2,700 miles.

The composition of the ship's armament and hydroacoustic equipment was largely determined by the model of its combat use, which consisted of several stages - hydroacoustic reconnaissance on the move, deep listening "on foot", detection of a submarine, a quick exit to the area of ​​its intended location and an attack by onboard submarine weapons. The hydroacoustic complex (GAK) consisted of 2 hydroacoustic stations (GAS) - the Argun "underkeep" (with an antenna located in the underkeep fairing) and the Shelon lowered (OGAS), the control post of which was located in the aft superstructure of the ship. The latter allowed anti-submariners to freely "look" into the water to a considerable depth; under the layer of the temperature jump, which significantly increased the detection range of underwater targets. The initial data on the underwater situation, received from the SAC, were processed by the Dragon-1124 control system. With its help, the anti-submarine weapons complex was controlled. It was based on 2 rotary double-tube 533-mm torpedo tubes DTA-5E-1124, placed side by side on the upper deck behind the bow superstructure. The increase in the caliber of the TA (compared to the 406 mm) made it possible to use more powerful torpedoes to destroy enemy submarines, including the self-guided SET-65 with a maximum speed of up to 40 knots. Their greatest cruising range was about 15 km, and the mass of the combat charging compartment (BZO) was 200 kilograms. As an auxiliary weapon of the PLO, two 12-barrel RBU-6000 were installed on the bow superstructure of the Albatross, capable of carrying out salvo, group and single fire with unguided rocket-assisted depth charges RSL-60 at a distance of up to 6 km. The warhead of the bomb (explosive mass - 23.5 kg), equipped with the UDV-60 remote shock fuse, ensured effective defeat of almost all types of submarines that existed at that time at a depth of 400 meters.

The self-defense means of small anti-submarine ships of Project 1124 were represented by two weapon systems: the Osa-M short-range anti-aircraft missile (SAM) and the AK-725-MR-103 artillery. SAM "Osa-M", designed to defeat single air targets, was located in the bow of the hull and included a fire control system 4R-33, coupled to the radar detection, tracking and guidance 4k-33, launcher (PU) Zif-122 and anti-aircraft guided missiles 9M-33 (20 units placed in the below-deck cellar in four rotating drums). The two-boom PU Zif-122 in the stowed (non-working) position, together with the feed and reloading systems, was also located under the deck of the tank in a special container, closed on top " cover ”with sliding doors. Before firing, the installation was pushed upward with missiles already fed to the guides. After the start of both missiles, the launcher was again "retracted" under the deck, where it was reloaded, and the whole cycle was repeated. SAM 9M-3E, made according to the aerodynamic "duck" scheme, had a launch mass of about 130 kg (HF mass - 14.5), and the flight speed was more than 700 m / s. Thanks to the semi-active radar guidance system, the missiles could effectively hit air targets (including small ones) at ranges of up to 7 km and in the altitude range of 60-6000 meters. The task of the artillery complex AK-725-MR-103 was the destruction of small ships, boats, aircraft and helicopters of the enemy, as well as weakly defended coastal facilities. The structure consisted of an AK-725 turret gun mount of 57-mm caliber and a "shooting" radar station (radar) MR-103 "Bars". The radar, the antenna post of which was located on the stern superstructure, was able to steadily track small-sized sea and air targets at a distance of up to 40 kilometers. The universal twin automatic mount AK-725 with an initial projectile speed of 1020 m / s had a horizontal firing range of 12.9 km and an altitude reach of 6.7 km. The high rate of fire - about 200 rds / min per barrel - ensured full automation of loading and firing processes, as well as a system for continuous cooling of the barrels with seawater. The AU ammunition consisted of 550 unitary loading shots with fragmentation-tracer shells (weight - 2.8 kg), placed in the under-deck bunker. The aiming of the artillery complex on the chain was carried out through two channels - the main (using the Bars radar) and the reserve one - by means of a sighting column with angle rings, openly located on the bow superstructure. It is worth noting that in both cases, the presence of only one person was required for the combat service of the AU, and no more than two for everyday service. There was no personnel in the tower when firing. The radio-electronic armament of the IPC pr. 1124 included a general-view radar "Rubka", which ensured the detection of surface and air circuits, and a navigation radar "Don-2", the antenna posts of which were mounted on the upper platforms of the mast. Vympel-P2 electronic warfare (EW) transmitting devices were also installed there.

Serial construction of "albatrosses" began in October 1968 with the laying of the head MPK-2 at Zelenodolsk Shipyard named after Gorky, which entered service 2 years later. Later, the shipyard in Khabarovsk and the Leninskaya Kuznitsa in Kiev joined the construction, with a total of 38 ships descending from the stocks. Already in the course of serial construction, starting with the 13th corps, the Project 1124 MPK began to equip the new AK-725-MR-123 artillery complex, which included, in addition to the AK-725, an EO-mm six-barreled artillery mount AK-630 with a firing range of up to 4 km, designed to destroy anti-ship cruise missiles in the near defense zone. Both ACs were controlled by the MR-123 Vympel radar. The appearance of new ships in the Soviet Navy did not escape the attention of NATO specialists, who assigned them the code name "Grisha", which soon migrated to all foreign reference books. I agree with them, the first MPK began to be called "Grisha-1", and ships with a 3O-mm AK-630 (its installation, by the way, did not entail a change in the project index for us) - ("Grisha-3"). The rather high tactical and technical characteristics of the new IPC attracted the attention of the command of the border troops of the KGB of the USSR on whose instructions the Zelenodolsk PKB in 1971 -1972. developed a project of a border patrol ship (PSKR) with the index 1124P ("Grisha-2"). It was distinguished from the base one primarily by the absence of the Osa-M air defense system, which was replaced by the second AK-725 gun (on the tank), and a signal bridge was installed at the place “freed” from the firing radar station behind the wheelhouse. Anti-submarine weapons remained practically unchanged, and only at the stern were added 2 racks for 16 BB-type depth charges.

Many years of positive experience in the operation of Project 1124 ships proved the need for their further development, and in 1976 the Zelenodolsk Design Bureau specialists developed an improved MPK project with the 1124M index ("Grisha-5"). The changes mainly affected the composition of the armament - instead of the AK-725, single-barreled 76-mm AK-176 guns with a firing range of 15.7 km were installed on the new ships, and the Osa-M air defense system gave way to the more advanced Osa-MA. In the GAS complex, the subtle MG-322 "Argun" was replaced by the "Platina" station, and the "Rubka" radar - the "Fregat" radar with a phased antenna array. As a result of all the changes, the total displacement of the IPC increased to 1050 tons, and the full speed (with the same power of the power plant) dropped to 32 knots. The cruising range also decreased, now amounting to 2,300 miles. After the collapse of the USSR, most of the IPC of Project 1124 and its modifications remained in the Russian Navy. Despite the difficulties experienced by the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, they continue to serve for the protection of the sea borders of our Motherland, and I would like to hope that due to their high qualities, the Albatrosses will serve Russia in the 21st century ...

TTD

• Displacement: standard 786 t, normal 862 g, full 938 t
• length 71.21 m, width 10.00 m, draft: bow 3.04 m, stern 3.67 m.
• Power plant power: ДДМ507А 2x10 000 hp; GTE M-86 1x18,000 hp;
• maximum speed 36 knots, combat economic 18 knots, low speed 9 knots;
• cruising range 3250 miles (at a speed of 9 knots).
• Armament: 1x2 launchers of the Osa-M air defense missile system (20 9M-33 missiles), 1x2 57-mm AU AK-725,
• 2x12 RBU-6000 (96 RGB-60), 2x2 TA DTA-54-1124 (8 torpedoes 53-65K and SET-65),
• 2 aft bomb throwers (12 GB RBM).
• Detection equipment: radar MR-303, MR-103, Don; GAS MG-322, MG-339, MG-409k; MI-110k, MI-110r.

Chemical weapons:
chemical reconnaissance device VPHR
dosimetric control devices DP-62.
radiation chemical monitoring device
for emergency parties gas masks IP-46
chemical kits KZI-2
stationary system of degassing and decontamination TSSDD
powder SF-4 - 24 kg
filtering gas masks for l / s - 110%
smoke bombs DShM-60 - 4 pieces

• Crew: officers - 9, warrant officers - 14, foremen - 20, privates - 41.
• The ship's unsinkability was ensured by dividing it into 9 watertight compartments.

Ship device

• 1 compartment with 0-11shp. forepeak, steeple, skipper's, 2 chain boxes, pantry for fuels and lubricants.
• 2 compartment with 11-18shp. refrigeration unit, PU SAM "Osa-M", modular BCh-2-3
• 3 compartment with 18-34shp. guidance post RBU, cockpit No. 1, aggregate radar station, mine GAS "Argun" MG-322T, bomb cellar, ventilator No. 4, central control room, general office, radio room, secret communications post
• 4 compartment with 34-49shp cockpit No. 2, control post of the Osa-M air defense missile system and radar station No. 1, dry food storage room, GAS cabin, gyropost, MKV No. 1, instrument compartment GAS MG-322T, ventilators No. 5 and 6, main corridor, midshipmen's cabins, officer's corridor, officer's latrine, officers' cabins, wardroom
• 5 compartment with 49-63shp. ZKU, bow engine compartment. dining room, washbasin, latrine, shower room, main corridor, galley.
• 6 compartment with 63-78shp. stern machine compartment.
• 7 compartment with 78-96shp. chem. pantry, USV, PEZH.
• 8 compartment with 96-102shp. cable corridor, ventilator room No. 7, storeroom BCH-3, TsARP, 2 turret compartments, aggregate spare parts and accessories RTS, instrument compartment GAS MG-339, artillery storage
• 9 compartment with 102-112shp. tiller room, storage room, boatswain's storage room, storage room for electrical spare parts, diving property.

Creations

The idea of ​​creating a ship of Project 1124 as a specialized high-speed anti-submarine ship of small displacement arose in the 50-60s. XX century, which was due to the appearance abroad of new generation submarines and the need to take effective measures to counter them in all sea zones, incl. and in coastal areas, near naval bases and bases of ships of the domestic fleet. The assignment for the development of the small anti-submarine ship (MPK) pr.1124 Albatross was issued in 1963 to Zelenodolsk TsKB-340, which had previously developed the anti-submarine defense (ASW) patrol ships of the first and second generations. The draft design of the new ship (chief designer Yu.A. Nikolsky, officer of the Central Research Institute of VK Captain 2nd Rank I.V. Kozlovsky overseeing from the Navy) was considered in June 1964.

In the 1965 technical project, all the requirements of the Navy were implemented and a well-armed at that time, a fairly high-speed specialized ship for the search and destruction of submarines near the coast with a total displacement of 900 tons was created. was 940 tons, the "ridges" in the freeboard were removed, the geometry of the protruding parts of the hull was simplified. The full speed of the ship during the operation of diesel engines and a gas turbine exceeded 35 knots.

Serial construction of the MPK of the "Albatross" type was started by decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 680-280 of 08/10/1964, despite the fact that the lead ship (MPK-147), corrected after testing in 1970, was approved in 1972 The head ship, project 1124, was laid down in 1967 (Shipyard named after Gorky, Zelenodolsk), launched in October 1968, and in October 1970 handed over to the fleet. In the period up to 1986, 38 ships were built on Project 1124 (19 at the shipyard in Zelenodolsk, 14 at the shipyard in Khabarovsk, 5 at the shipyard "Leninskaya Kuznitsa" in Kiev). 1981 to 1983 at the Vladivostok plant, 5 ships of project 1124 were built for the maritime border units. Since 1980, in Zelenodolsk, Khabarovsk and Kiev, the construction of modernized ships on project 1124M began.

Appointment

The small anti-submarine ship, project 1124 "Albatross", is designed to search, detect and destroy enemy submarines when performing the tasks of protecting naval bases and naval bases, raids, as well as for anti-submarine guarding of ships and transports at sea crossing.

Peculiarities

The architecture of the IPC pr.1124 was given great attention even at the design stage. As a result, the most optimal combined contours of the ship's hull were selected, providing the required speed of 35 knots. In order to reduce the degree of flooding and splashing, the upper part of the ship had an unconventional saddle deck and a bow superstructure extended along the entire width of the hull.

The main power plant (GEM, developed under the leadership of A. Kunakhovich and A. Myshakin) is a three-shaft diesel-gas turbine unit consisting of 2 economic diesel engines (M-507A, 10,000 hp each) and a gas turbine engine (GTE, M -8M, 18000 hp), working on 2 side and middle shafts, respectively. Two diesel engines or gas turbine engines ensured the movement of the ship at a speed of 20-22 knots, all three - more than 35 knots. Remote control of engines. The installation of such a combined power plant was due to the need to maintain a relatively low course for a long time when searching for submarines on the move, deep acoustic reconnaissance in place and the fastest possible exit to the area of ​​its intended location in order to attack with onboard weapons. In motion under diesel engines, the cruising range at a speed of 18 knots, the range was at least 2,500 miles. The ship's electrical power system is based on 3 diesel generators with a capacity of 200, 300 and 500 kW (total power 1000 kW).

Armament

Anti-submarine armament MPK pr.1124 includes two twin-tube rotary 533-mm torpedo tubes DTA-5E-1124 with homing torpedoes of the "Raccoon-2" type (SET-65, speed up to 40 knots, range up to 15 km, warhead up to 200 kg ), placed side by side on the deck behind the bow superstructure and two 12 barreled rocket launchers RBU-6000 (located side by side in the bow, ammunition of 96 rocket depth charges RSB-60, firing range up to 6 km, damage depth up to 400 m, explosive mass 23 , 5 kg). For the search, detection, classification of submarines and the issuance of target designation, the MPK is equipped with a sub-keel ("Argun") and a lowered ("Shelon") hydroacoustic stations.

Self-defense includes: anti-aircraft missile system "Osa-M" to combat air targets (ammunition 20 missiles, the affected area in range and height up to 10 km and 60-5000 m) with radar MR-302 "Rubka", located in the bow; universal artillery complex AK-725-MR-103 as part of a tower universal twin 57-mm automatic mount AK-725 (firing range at a distance of 12.9 km, an altitude of 6.7 km) and "firing" radar MR-103 "Bars" (The antenna post is located on the aft superstructure, capable of steadily tracking small-sized sea and air targets at a distance of up to 40 km.).

MPK pr.1124 (Grisha-I class) - the basic design of a small anti-submarine ship;

MPK 1124-P (Grisha-II class) - in 1973 created by order of the KGB of the USSR for units of the maritime border guard on the basis of the basic MPK as a border patrol ship (PSKR) pr.1124-P. Instead of the Osa-M air defense system, a second AK-725 gun mount was installed. According to this project, 17 PSKR were built, most of which had their own personal names. In addition, several ships of the base project 1124 were transferred to the border troops;

MPK pr.1124 (Grisha-III class) - in the course of serial construction, starting from the 13th building in a row, at the beginning of the 70s. MPK pr.1124 is equipped with a new artillery complex AK-725-MR-123, as part of a 57-mm AK-725 mount and a 30-mm six-barreled artillery mount AK-630 (firing range up to 4 km), which is designed to destroy anti-ship cruise missiles in the near defense zone. Both installations were controlled by the MR-123 Vympel radar;

MPK pr.1124-K (Grisha-IV class) - test ship (MPK-5), which tested the anti-aircraft missile system "Dagger" and the new experimental anti-submarine missile system RPK-5 "Liven" (RBU-10000, installed in the bow parts instead of RBU-6000, not accepted for service); MPK pr.1124-M (Grisha-V class) - a modernized MPK, developed in 1976 by the Zelenodolsk Design Bureau. It differs from the basic project with a new subkeeping GAS "Platina", 76-mm gun mount AK-176 (instead of 57-mm), air defense missile system "Osa-MA" (instead of "Osa-M"), the presence of an auxiliary propulsion and steering complex under the ship's transom. As a result, the ship's displacement increased by 30 tons, and the speed decreased by 3 knots. A total of 20 ships of this project were built, and the latter were equipped with a Fregat-MA radar in connection with the cessation of production of the Rubka radar.

In the 1970s and 1980s, Project 1124 ships were on combat service in the Northern, Baltic, Pacific and Black Sea fleets of the USSR Navy, searching for and pursuing enemy submarines. Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Sergei Georgievich Gorshkov called the ships of this project "the workhorse of the fleet."

In addition to the detection and pursuit of foreign submarines, "albatrosses" carried out the escort of individual ships and caravans in dangerous areas. In 1990-1991, during the civil war in Ethiopia, MPK-118 "Komsomolets of Moldavii" carried out military service in the Red Sea. On October 19, 1990, while Komsomolets Moldavia was escorting a convoy of two large landing ships, the Sheksna tanker and the Paravan sea minesweeper, a detachment of Soviet ships was fired upon from Cape Karoli and Asarka Severnaya Island by two coastal batteries of Eritrean separatists who fired at the head of a small anti-submarine the ship has 6 122-mm shells and 3 unguided Grad-type shells. With return fire, Komsomolets Moldavii suppressed both batteries and destroyed the enemy's ammunition depot, for which the ship's commander and 10 members of his crew received government awards. During the entire period of military service in the Red Sea, "Komsomolets Moldavii" successfully conducted more than 30 convoys.

Small anti-submarine ships of project 1124 were also used in combat service in the Mediterranean Sea.

In August 2008, the small anti-submarine ships of the Black Sea Fleet "Suzdalets", "Aleksandrovets", "Muromets", "Povorino" and "Kasimov" peacekeeping contingent and humanitarian aid to the population in the conflict zone ”. In particular, on August 10, MPK "Suzdalets" used weapons on Georgian fast targets (according to some sources, fired at three Georgian patrol boats). This was one of the few cases of real combat use of the Osa air defense missile system against surface targets. As a result of participation in the conflict, a number of the sailors of the "Suzdalts" were awarded government awards, and the ship's commander, Captain 3rd Rank V. Dzhanunts, became a knight of the "Order of Courage".

Main developer Zelenodolsk PKB
The main manufacturer of CVDs in Zelenodolsk, Khabarovsk, Kiev
Displacement, t: 900 (full)
Full speed, knots 35
Maximum cruising range, miles 4200 (14 knots), 2700 (35 knots)
Autonomy, days nine
Armament:
missile 2x2 533 mm TA; 2x12 RBU-6000 (96 RSL); SAM "Osa-M" 1x2 launcher (20 missiles); 1'2 57 mm AK-725
artillery and small arms ---
radio-technical radars MR-302 "Rubka", MR-103 "Bars", GAS "Argun" and "Shelon"
Power plant 2 diesel engines М-507Ах10000 hp; GTE М-8Мх18000 hp
Main dimensions, m 71.1x10.3x3.4
Sources of electricity from a diesel generator (200, 300 and 500 kW)
Power, kW 1000 kW total

small anti-submarine ship "Lutsk"

Surface ships project 1124 code " Albatross"Are considered the most successful small anti-submarine ships of the second generation and have no analogues in the world. Designed according to the project to counteract enemy submarines in the near zone of naval bases, ports, roadsteads and scattering points for ship parking, along the routes of deploying naval forces for carrying anti-submarine patrols and protecting ships and vessels at sea crossing.

About 70 small anti-submarine ships and 20 border ships of project 1124 were received from the industry and today continue to be operated in the fleets of Russia and Ukraine. In addition to their direct purpose, they had a chance to monitor large surface ships of a potential enemy, make transoceanic crossings, use weapons against enemies on the coast, and combat service for Black Sea ships in the Mediterranean Sea has become commonplace. These warships became real " workhorses»Any surface fleet. The appearance of a class of small anti-submarine ships in the Soviet navy was a logical development of the project of boats for protecting the water area. It was the 122-BIS project that laid the foundation for the development of a project for anti-submarine ships with sufficient seaworthiness, cruising range, high speed and strong anti-submarine weapons.

Various successful and not very successful projects were built, but the leadership of the Navy demanded a new one, capable of withstanding the latest diesel and.

design and construction of small anti-submarine ships

By the beginning of the 60s, the need of the Soviet fleet for new escort ships and anti-submarine ships of limited displacement increased sharply. The new warships were supposed to ensure the deployment of submarines, to protect naval bases, formations of attack ships and convoys in coastal areas. This was facilitated by the appearance in the leading maritime powers of a new generation of submarines with diesel and nuclear power plants. The underwater threat has sharply increased in all operational zones of the Soviet navy - including the near zone.

small anti-submarine ship of project 1124

The Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy S.G. Gorshkov gave instructions to begin the development of a new small anti-submarine ship with increased anti-aircraft and anti-submarine defense capabilities. It was supposed to get a new powerful anti-submarine ship for the near and coastal sea zones, as a development of project 204. For the first time in the practice of naval shipbuilding, a small ship was to be armed with an anti-aircraft self-defense missile system and a powerful towed hydroacoustic station. In 1963, Zelenodolsk TsKB-340 was issued a technical design assignment small anti-submarine ship under the code " Albatross". The chief designer of the ship was the head of the bureau, Yu. A. Nikolsky. During the design work, the main attention was paid to the selection of the most optimal hull contours of the future surface ship. The specialists of Zelenodolsk Design Bureau were constrained by the rigid framework of the proposed task and, in order to achieve the required 35 nodal full speed with a standard displacement of 800 tons, they proposed the so-called combined hull contours. The main difficulty in the design of the ship was the need to optimize the seaworthiness of the hull, and its speed, subject to the presence of a large under-keel fairing of the hydroacoustic station.

In the A.N.Krylov Central Research Institute, a series of towing tests of the hull models of the future warship was carried out, which confirmed the high-speed qualities of the designed hull contours. The behavior of a naval vessel in waves was studied in the pool on a self-propelled model.

Surface ship received a smooth-deck architecture with a developed bow superstructure across the entire width of the deck, which gave albatrosses their unique appearance. The continuous extended superstructure, combined with the graceful sheerness, not only increased the freeboard, but also made it possible to obtain substantial additional volumes inside the hull.

Already in June 1964, the command of the Navy and the leadership of the Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry considered the presented draft design of the new project 1124.

design features of a small anti-submarine ship

During construction, special attention was paid to the ship's power plant. Required the ability to maintain a relatively low speed for a long time when searching for a submarine and the ability to immediately develop a speed of up to 35 knots during its attack. A combined three-shaft diesel-gas turbine unit was recognized as the best option. Each side shaft was powered by one economical running diesel with a capacity of 10,000 hp, and an afterburner gas turbine with a capacity of 18,000 hp was used on the middle shaft. with. All three units were controlled remotely. As a result, in the technical project, it was possible to implement almost all the requirements of the navy, creating a highly armed high-speed anti-submarine ship with a displacement of 900 tons.

Already on December 26, 1966, on the slipway of the shipyard " Red Metalist»Named after Gorky, a corps was laid lead small anti-submarine ship... The firstborn of the series was enrolled in the lists of ships of the USSR Navy on January 12, 1967. The appearance of new small anti-submarine ships in the Soviet fleet did not escape the attention of the conditional enemy. They were assigned to the class of corvettes and assigned the code name of the NATO classification " Grisha».

small anti-submarine ship of project 1124

corvette according to NATO classification "Grisha"

artillery mount AK-176 main difference MPK 1124

shot RBU-6000

anti-submarine battalion

small anti-submarine ship

MPK "Komsomolets Georgia"

IPC "Suzdalets"

MPK "Aleksandrovets"

representative of the latest series of MPK 1124MU

RBU-6000 Smerch-2 and SAM OSA-M with SAM 9M33 on MPK-43

shooting from an AK-630M gun mount on a small anti-submarine ship and firing a training torpedo

The USSR Navy ordered 38 ships of Project 1124. With the highest approval of Leonid I. Brezhnev, the project opened the green light for mass construction for the naval units of the border troops. For their needs were developed small anti-submarine ships project 1124P.

It was decided to develop a successful type of surface ship, equipping it with more modern weapons. The most radical modification was the 1124M project. Small anti-submarine ship received a more powerful artillery mount AK-176, portable anti-aircraft missile systems "Strela-3", a more powerful radar station for general detection "Topaz-2V". Instead of the subtle sonar station "Argun", the warships received a new GAS "Platina". Due to the increase in displacement by 10 percent, the shipbuilders were forced to remove the RBU-6000. In total, the fleets received 90 ships of various modifications.

Small anti-submarine ships - project 1124(cipher "Albatross", NATO code designation - Grisha class corvette) - a type of small anti-submarine ships built in the 1970s-1980s for the USSR Navy as part of 2 main series (projects 1124 and 1124M). A "patrol" version of the ship was also developed.

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Subtitles

Background

At the beginning of the 1960s, the Soviet fleet experienced a sharp increase in demand for new escort and anti-submarine ships of limited displacement. The new ships were supposed to ensure the deployment of Soviet SSBNs and submarines, to protect naval bases, formations of attack ships and convoys of ships in coastal areas. With the advent of new generation submarines with conventional and nuclear power plants in the leading maritime powers, the underwater threat has sharply increased in all operational zones of the Soviet Navy, including in the near sea zone. At the disposal of the USSR Navy were small anti-submarine ships of projects 122A and 122bis (369 ships were built), anti-submarine boats of project 199 (52 units were built), anti-submarine boats (MPK) of projects 201M and 201T (183 units were built), as well as relatively modern MPK project 204 (built from 63 to 66 ships). The disadvantages of the last project included weak air defense and insufficiently reliable AU "AK-725", while the experience of post-war local conflicts testified to an increasing threat to ships from aviation, therefore, the IPC of project 204 became obsolete at the time of construction, and the reserve for modernization of these ships due to the relatively small displacement, it was absent.

Design history

Tactical and technical assignment

The Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy S.G. Gorshkov was instructed to develop a new small anti-submarine ship with increased air defense and anti-aircraft defense capabilities. The USSR Navy, according to Gorshkov's idea, was to receive a new powerful anti-submarine ship for the near and coastal sea zones, which is a development of Project 204. For the first time in the practice of Soviet military shipbuilding, a small displacement combat ship was to be armed with a self-defense air defense system and a powerful towed sonar station.

The tactical and technical assignment (TTZ) for the design of the MPK under the code "Albatross" was issued to Zelenodolsk TsKB-340 in 1963. The chief designer of the project was the head of the bureau, Yu. A. Nikolsky, and the chief observer from the Navy was an employee of the Central Research Institute of Naval Shipbuilding, Captain 2nd Rank I. V. Kozlovsky, who took part in the development of TT3 "Albatross". Progressive for the early 1960s, technical solutions in the field of ship power and propulsion systems were used in the design of the ship by teams of designers under the leadership of A.V. Kunakhovich and A.P. Myshakin.

Particular attention in TT3 was paid to limiting the displacement of the future ship to 800 tons, ensuring the possibility of long-term maintenance of a relatively low speed when searching for an enemy submarine, as well as the ability to immediately develop a full speed of at least 35 knots when attacking. As the best option, a combined three-shaft diesel-gas turbine power plant was chosen, already tested on patrol ships of projects and 159A.

The choice of the most optimal hull contours of the future ship was limited by the rigid framework of the proposed TTZ. In order to achieve the required 35-knot full speed with a standard displacement of 800 tons, the designers proposed combined hull contours, combining the advantages of sharp-chinned and round-chinned; At the same time, when designing, the question arose of the need to optimize the seaworthiness of the ship's hull and its propulsion, subject to the presence of a large winged fairing of the GAS (the dimensions of the fairing strongly influenced the overall alignment and driving performance of the ship). The freeboard had to be given a complex shape; along the side were smoothed longitudinal ledges ("ridges") to reduce splashing and flooding of the deck. During the serial construction of ships, the use of these ledges was abandoned for reasons of manufacturability.

The TTZ of the project clearly stipulated the required composition of weapons. On the ship of the project being developed, a sonar circular search station of the "Argun" type was to be installed with an emitter antenna in an under-keel fairing, a lowered GAS "Shelon", two twin-tube 5Z3-mm PLO torpedo tubes, two rocket-propelled bomb launchers and a 57 mm twin self-defense artillery installation.

Preliminary design

In June 1964, the command of the USSR Navy and the leadership of the Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry reviewed the draft design of the project 1124 small anti-submarine ship presented by the designers.

Based on the results of the consideration of the draft design, the command of the Navy and the Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry made a joint decision to install the Osa-M (4K-33) self-defense air defense system on the ships of the project with an ammunition load of 20 anti-aircraft guided missiles (SAM) 9M-3Z (envisaged at the stage of the avan-project, the additional volumes of the hull made it possible to do this). Initially, it was proposed to place the ZIF-122 type SAM launcher retractable under the deck in the aft end of the hull (this decision was insisted on by the SAM developers, who considered it necessary to place a launcher and a firing radar nearby), and the 3IF-72 artillery mount (AK -725 "), with increased firing angles, move to the bow of the ship. But in the final version of the draft design, the 3RK was placed by the designers in the bow of the hull, and the artillery mount took place in the stern.

The anti-submarine armament included two twelve-barreled rocket launchers RBU-6000, two twin-tube rotary 533-mm torpedo tubes and depth charges. As a result of the development of the draft design, the ship was equipped with a keel and towed hydroacoustic station, which sharply increased the ship's capabilities in searching for and detecting enemy submarines.

Technical project

The technical design of the Project 1124 small anti-submarine ship was completed in 1965. The result of the development of the technical project was the implementation of almost all the requirements of the TTZ of the Navy. The designers created a "heavily armed high-speed anti-submarine ship" and met the full displacement of 900 tons. The technical design was reviewed in the summer of 1966.

For the development of a small anti-submarine ship of Project 1124, a group of leading specialists of the Zelenodolsk Design Bureau (formerly TsKB-340) was awarded the State Prize of the USSR.

Appointment

The assignment of the ships of the project 1124 according to the tactical and technical assignment was to ensure the deployment of Soviet SSBNs, the protection of naval bases and formations of attack ships and convoys in coastal areas (the waters of the Baltic and Black Seas, the Kola, Amur and Ussuri bays and Avacha Bay with adjacent areas). The combat operation of ships in complex naval theaters (Northern and Pacific fleets) did not involve the use of ships on the high seas.

List of ships of the project 1124

Construction history

In total, 88 out of 90 laid down ships of various series were built, including 76 small anti-submarine ships of modifications 1124 and 1124M (5 ships of project 1124M served as border patrol ships), as well as 12 border patrol ships 1124P.

Projects 1124 and 1124P

During the tests of the lead ship, it was necessary to abandon the exotic "freeboard ridges", which complicated the technology of manufacturing hull structures, and to simplify the geometry of the protruding parts of the hull when developing working documentation.

Project 1124M

In 1976, under the leadership of Yu.A. Nikolsky, under the chief observer of the Navy, Captain 2nd Rank A.P. Demeshevich, the so-called abbreviated technical project 1124M was developed - the next (and most radical) modification of the 1124 project. The ships of the modified project were equipped with more modern weapons: the new 76-mm AK-176 gun, the Strela-3 portable anti-aircraft missile systems and the more powerful Topaz-2V general detection radar.

Another difference between the new ship and the basic design was the use of the KTU-77 remote-controlled weapon complex with TEST-3 torpedoes. Due to the high density of the layout of the original project and the lack of free space, it was decided to abandon the right bomb launcher, and use the vacated rooms to accommodate the complex's instruments. The total weight of the complex's instruments placed on the ship was 1200 kg. The modification of the project led to an overload and an increase in displacement by more than 30 tons. The standard displacement of the modified project increased by almost 10%. According to the NATO code system, the modified project 1124M was designated as a Grisha-5 class corvette. The construction of ships of this modification was started in 1982. Until 1994, 38 ships of project 1124M were built, of which five ships were received from the Khabarovsk shipyard by the sea units of the border troops of the KGB of the USSR, and three more ships, which were supposed to be transferred to the border guards, were not completed.

Design

Hull and superstructure

With a standard displacement of 800 tons, a normal displacement of 850 tons, the wetted surface area is 642 m², the coefficient of completeness of the mid-frame is 0.652, and the coefficient of overall completeness is 0.420.

The ship's superstructures are made of AMG-5V aluminum-magnesium alloy to facilitate the structure. The bow superstructure occupies almost a third of the hull length. Internal baffles and a number of foundations of individual devices are made of aluminum-magnesium alloys, due to which it was possible to lower the position of the ship's center of gravity and reduce the total mass of the hull structure. The double bottom space is almost 90% of the hull length and is used for storing fresh water and fuel supplies.

Due to the more powerful armament, in comparison with the IPC of project 204, the displacement of the new ship has more than doubled.

Power plant

The main power plant of the ship is a three-shaft, diesel-gas turbine echelon type. The ship's power plant is an analogue of the power plant of patrol ships of project 159, but unlike the latter, a gas turbine engine of the M-8M type with a capacity of 18,000 liters works on the middle shaft of the power plant of project 1124. with. (used as an afterburner), and one M-507A1 diesel engine with a capacity of 10,000 liters works for each side shaft. with .

The power plant is located in autonomous echelons in two compartments, in the fore and aft engine rooms. In the stern echelon there are two main cruising four-stroke, reversible, one hundred and twelve-cylinder M-507A diesel engines with gas turbine supercharging weighing 17 tons. Diesel engines operate on side shafts with propellers with a diameter of 2.0 m. The technical service life of diesel engines is 2,000 hours. In the forward echelon there is an M-8M GTU operating on a middle shaft with a propeller with a diameter of 2.4 m. a five-minute pre-heating phase. The technical resource of the turbine is 10,000 hours. The gas outlet pipe is located above the bow engine room and was led out into the rectangular chimney.

The power plant of the Project 1124 ships includes three diesel generators (DG-500, DG-300 and DG-200). Diesel generators provide the ship with three-phase alternating current with a voltage of 380 V and a frequency of 50 Hz.

The main diesel engines and the gas turbine unit are controlled from the control panel using an automated remote control system. There is an EK-3 electric compressor and a DK-2-3 diesel compressor, an auxiliary boiler KVA 1.0 / 5 M (with a working steam pressure of 5 kg / cm²). Control of the ship's energy is carried out using two main switchboards (main switchboards) "PMZh-7905-6361" and "PMZh-7906-6331", a switchboard and expansion joints "EK-2".

The speed of the ships of the project only under diesel engines can reach 22 knots with a freely rotating middle shaft. According to other sources, the full speed of the first ships of the project 1124 during the operation of diesel engines and a gas turbine exceeded 36.1 knots, and for ships of the project 1124M it reaches 32 knots. Under one diesel engine, the ship can reach a speed of 7 knots, under two diesel engines - 16 knots, and when using only a gas turbine engine - 21-22 knots.

Autonomy

The normal supply of fuel on small anti-submarine ships of project 1124 is 1Z4 tons, the ship could take 143 tons of fuel for overload. The supply of oil is 10.5 tons, fresh water - 27.2 tons. The supply of provisions on the ships of project 1124 is taken at the rate of 7 days of autonomy, and on ships of project 1124M - for 9 days of autonomy. The cruising range of the ship at full speed is 950 nautical miles, at a speed of 14 knots - 2750 nautical miles and at a speed of 10 knots - 4000 nautical miles.

General ship devices

Steering gear

The steering device is represented by two balancing rudders, a two-cylinder electro-hydraulic steering machine R-14 with a piston drive for the steering wheel, two electrically conductive variable displacement pumps (in the afterpeak and in the tiller compartment) and an automatic steering system "Python-211". The streamlined balance rudders are made of SHL-45 steel; rudder feather weight with filler - 810 kg; forged steel rudder stock weight - 365 kg. The rudder shift angle does not exceed 36.5 °.

Anchor and mooring device

The ship's anchor and mooring device of the SHER 1/3 type is located in the bow of the ship and consists of an anchor and mooring electro-hydraulic capstan of the ZHE or SHEG-12 type, which provides anchorage at a nominal depth of up to 50 m and the etching of the anchor and anchor-chain at a speed not below 23 meters per minute. The control panel of the device is located in the wheelhouse, the control post is at the breakwater. The anchor device consists of two Hall anchors weighing 500 kg each and two anchor chains of 200 meters length of increased strength, with 28 mm spacers, chain stoppers, deck and anchor haws, chain boxes under the forepeak platform. The mooring device consists of four steel cables with a diameter of 23.5 mm and a length of 220 m, six bollards, six bale bars and three views. In the stern of the ship there is a mooring spire Ш3 with a cable haulage speed of 15 meters per minute.

VDRK

In the tiller compartment of the ship, in the center plane, a thruster is installed, designed to keep the small anti-submarine ship on a stop counter to the wave. The device can effectively operate at sea waves up to 4 points and wind strength up to 5 points and is able to turn the ship to the required angle at sea waves up to 3 points with lowered GAS "MG-Z39T" "Shelon".

The thruster includes a retractable propelling and steering column "P-159M", equipped with an electro-hydraulic lifting (lowering) drive and electromechanical drives for the rotation of the screw and rotation of the column, the UK3K control system, a metal mesh fence, a 50-liter hydraulic tank, a power supply system and a special constructive niche with a metal grill in the aft part of the ship's hull. The non-working "P-159M" column rises into the ship's hull; it can also be in a lowered state, but according to strength conditions, the speed of the ship should not exceed 8 knots. The column is controlled remotely from the wheelhouse using the UK3K system or from the backup control panel in the tiller compartment. There is also a manual emergency steering column control. The power supply of the thruster is carried out from the main switchboard No. 1, 2 through automatic machines A-3334; the dispenser is started using a DSDG-500 diesel generator or, in parallel operation, two diesel generators (DG-200 and DG-300). To prevent freezing of the device, it is heated with steam. Due to technical limitations, it is not recommended to perform more than 12 thrusters during an hour.

Rescue device

Life-saving appliances on small anti-submarine ships of this project are represented by a YaL-6 lifeboat, four PSN-10M inflatable liferafts (each for 10 people), ten lifebuoys and individual ISS life jackets (for each crew member). Some ships of the project were also equipped with other options for life-saving appliances.

Seaworthiness

The shape of the bow contours in the form of an "ax" in operation was unsuccessful. The ship "chops" the wave, while at the same time it is heavily splashed and flooded, has a sharp pitching motion. The diameter of the circulation of small anti-submarine ships of project 1124 does not exceed 7 ship lengths with a roll angle of no more than 12 °.

Habitability

The number of the crew of the ships of the project 1124 according to the states of 1974 was 83 people: 9 officers, 12 warrant officers and 62 foremen and sailors of the conscript service. On the ships of project 1124, the number was increased by 3 people. The number of the crew of the border patrol ships was 79 people, including 9 officers.

During the development of the project, increased attention was paid to the habitability of the ship. The ships were equipped with year-round cooling and air conditioning systems in living quarters, service premises and at combat posts, which made it possible to maintain normal temperature, humidity, cleanliness and air changeability in the ships' premises. The ships are also equipped with space heating and ventilation systems, utility steam pipelines and a fresh water system.

Armament

Radio-technical weapons

General detection and targeting systems

On small anti-submarine ships of project 1124, the radar for detecting air and surface targets "MR-302" ("Cabin"), operating in the radio wave range of 3-10 cm in length, were used as radio technical means of general detection; the detection range of this air target radar (VTS) reaches 98 km, and the detection range of surface targets is 25 km. Ships of project 1124M are equipped with a more powerful general detection radar "MP-320" "Topaz-2V", operating in the radio wave range 10-12 cm long; the detection range of this air target radar reaches 100 km, and the detection range of surface targets is 40 km. The last ships of the 1124M modification had the Frigat-MA.1 (MP-755) as a general detection radar with a phased antenna array and an air target detection range of up to 250 km.

On ships of the base project 1124, target designation to artillery systems is provided by the MR-10Z (Bars) radar with a target detection range of 205 cables (40 km) at a target speed of up to 705 m / s; The MR-103 radar can also be used for navigation purposes. On the MPK of later modifications, the control of artillery fire of the AU AK-176M and AK-630M is carried out by the MR-123-02 (Vympel-221) radar with a target detection range of up to 45 km in the absence of electronic interference and up to 30 km in their presence.

Means of electronic intelligence and electronic warfare

To conduct electronic reconnaissance on small anti-submarine ships of project 1124, a station for detecting the operation of the enemy radar "Bizan-4B" with a detection range of 155 cables (28 km) was installed. The station preparation time for operation is 90 s, the continuous operation time is 48 hours. On the ships of the upgraded project 1124M, instead of the Bizan-4B station, the Vympel-P2 electronic reconnaissance radar is located.

Radio communication and equipment for special purposes

Stable radio communication on the ships of Project 1124 is provided by a wide range of radio receivers and radio transmitters, including: two R-654, three R-625, two T-612, T-225, two T-606 , "R-105", two "R-680", "R-676", two "R-758" and a hammer drill, "DKM-80", "Volna-K", two NPCHU, "R-069", "L-460.5", five POO, three VPS, "PTK-3K", "KMA-6", "KVR", the equipment of the ZAS "PTK-39", "P-400K" and several antennas: two "K-698 "," K-698-2 "," Twin ", two whip antennas" Ш-10 ", three whip antennas" Ш-6 ".

The ships are equipped with special-purpose equipment: "Zvezda", "Violet" ("082"), "067", "KMG-12" and the product "6730-6S".

Hydroacoustic weapons

The hydroacoustic armament of small anti-submarine ships of the base project 1124 consisted of two hydroacoustic stations (GAS): the subkeeping GAS "Argun", operating in the echo direction finding and noise direction finding mode at ship speeds up to 14 knots, and the lowered GAS "Shelon", operating only at a stop as in the mode echo and noise direction finding. The detection range of GAS "Argun" is within 2 - 10 km, and GAS "Shelon" - within 2 - 50 km. The two-stage search cycle for enemy submarines consisted of a search for a submarine on the stop using the Shelon GAS and the subsequent movement of the ship at full speed with the Shelon raised GAS to the submarine's detection area to search for it and attack it with a subtle GAS. GAS "Shelon" made it possible to target anti-submarine aircraft to the detected submarine. It was necessary to ensure that ships with different GAS frequency standards were included in the composition of one ship formation, in order to eliminate mutual interference during the search for submarines as part of the KPUG.

On small anti-submarine ships of project 1124M, GAS "Argun" was replaced by a more powerful GAS "Platina" or "Platina-M" with an underwater target detection range of up to 15 km, the new GAS could also operate in both echo and noise direction finding modes.

State identification system

Navigational weapons

The ship's navigational armament consists of the Kurs-5 gyrocompass, the AP-4 auto-plotter, the MGL-50 log, the NEL-5 echo sounder, the 127-mm magnetic compass UKMP-3, KUS-9U, the KIV ship wind meter, the ARP-50R radio direction finder, thermoprobe T30-21G, KPM "Hals" and KPI-5F, 18 nautical hours, two stopwatches, anemometer, sextant SNO-T, hydrograph, thermometer, thermograph, two magnetic 75-mm boat compasses, a star globe and a set of maps of the navigation area.

Anti-aircraft missile armament

The Osa-M anti-aircraft missile system, deployed on the Project 1124 ships, is designed to provide air defense and destroy single air targets. The complex is located in the bow of the ship. The air defense missile system includes a two-boom launcher "ZIF-122", which is in an inoperative position under the deck of the tank in a special cellar and during the transition from a stowed position to a combat position, it rises together with two ready-to-launch anti-aircraft missiles, a missile feed and reload system, a 4P control system -33 and ammunition of 20 anti-aircraft missiles 9M-33. The rate of fire of the air defense missile system is two launches per minute when firing at air targets and 2.8 launches when firing at surface targets, the launcher reload time does not exceed 16-21 s.

SAM "Osa-M" is able to ensure the destruction of targets flying at a speed of 300 m / s at altitudes of 200-5000 m and at a distance of up to 9000 m (for supersonic targets - 7100), at low altitudes (50-100), the range of target destruction is reduced up to 4000-6000 m. The modernized Osa-MA air defense system, which was adopted in 1979 by the USSR Navy, had an increased range of destruction of air targets (15 km) at altitudes of 15 m.

The low rate of fire of the Osa air defense system does not allow them to repel the simultaneous attacks of several air targets or anti-ship missiles, for this reason, at the beginning of the 21st century, all modifications of the Osa air defense system are outdated and ineffective weapons.

Artillery armament

The artillery of small anti-submarine ships of the basic project 1124 is represented by one double-barreled artillery mount (AU) AK-725 of 57 mm caliber, located in the aft part of the hull. The AU turret is unarmored and made of a 6 mm thick duralumin alloy with a polyurethane foam coating on the inner surface (to prevent fogging). In the turret AU are placed in one cradle two 57mm / 75 assault rifles "ZiF-74" with a total ammunition of 1100 rounds and a rate of fire of 200 rounds per minute with a continuous burst length of 100 rounds. AC calculation - 2 people. Horizontal guidance angles - 200 ° on both sides. AU weight - 3.9 tons. Firing range - 8420 m (6950 m for self-liquidator). Aiming of guns is carried out either from a remote control panel or remotely from a fire control radar of the MR-103 "Bars" type with a maximum target detection range of 40 km.

The low efficiency of a 57mm projectile with a proximity fuse, shown in practice, influenced the strengthening of the naval artillery of the ships of the upgraded project 1124M. At the place where the AK-725 is installed, there is a single-barreled automatic 76mm / 59 AU turret type AK-176 with 152 rounds of ammunition. The AU tower is made of an aluminum-magnesium alloy AMg-61 with a thickness of 4 mm. Calculation - 2 people (4 people in the mode of manual supply of ammunition). The angles of horizontal guidance on both sides do not exceed 175 °. AU weight - 10.45 tons.

On the stern superstructure of the Project 1124M ships, to combat low-flying anti-ship missiles, there is a six-barreled 30mm / 54.5 AU AK-630M with a tape magazine for 2000 rounds and a spare tape for 1000 rounds, stored in a barbet in a special bunker. The weight of the AU without ammunition and spare parts is 1.85 tons. The total weight of the assault rifle with the control system is 9114 kg. The firing range is 4000 m. In the standard mode, firing is carried out in 4-5 bursts of 20-25 shots, starting from the maximum range, at the most effective fire distance, fire is fired in bursts of 400 shots with an interval between bursts of 3-5 s.

Anti-submarine and torpedo armament

In the bow of the superstructure of the Project 1124 MPK, two 12-barreled rocket-propelled bombs with mechanical loading "RBU-6000" are located on board. On ships of the 1124M modification, only the left installation was left; in the place of the right installation, a salute cannon was installed on some ships. Under the installations in the underdeck room there are cellars for 96 (on Project 1124M ships - 48) depth charges of the RSL-60 caliber 212 mm (projectile mass - 119.5 kg, charge - 23.5 kg. a special lift, without an exit serving the installation of the calculation on the upper deck Limiting angles of guidance RBU-6000 in the horizontal plane along the heading angle: from 0 ° to + 170 °; in the vertical plane from - 90 ° to + 65 °. Guidance speed in automatic mode 30 ° / s, with manual guidance - no more than 4 ° / s Automatic reloading speed - 3 minutes, manual - 24 minutes RBU-6000 firing range is within 1.2 - 5.8 km.

RBU received target designation from the ship's GAS by transferring the received bearing and distance to the submarine to the Tempest fire control device (PUSB) system, which generated the RBU horizontal and vertical guidance angles; then electric power drives guided the RBU at continuously generated angles and held the settings at the required angles when firing; the depths of the explosion of the bombs were introduced into the detonators of the depth charges remotely using the PUSB on command from the main command post of the ship. Rocket launchers could be used in rough seas up to 8 points and conduct both salvo and single firing with intervals between volleys of 0.3 s.

The torpedo armament of the ships of the project consists of two twin-tube rotary torpedo tubes of the DTA-53-1124 brand, installed side by side behind the bow superstructure. Torpedo tubes are equipped with a remote automatic device for entering torpedoes of the current angle (ATU.1) and have an air firing system. Before firing, the torpedo tubes are deployed at a fixed angle of 27 °. Firing from the devices can be carried out as anti-ship torpedoes of the 53-65K brand or anti-submarine torpedoes of the SET-53, SET-53M and SET-65 brands. Ships of project 1124M are equipped with the KTU-77 "Terek" remote-controlled weapon system. For firing, the TEST-3 torpedo is used, created on the basis of the TEST-71 torpedo. The electric torpedo TEST-3 has a cruising range of 15-20 km, a speed of 25 and 40 knots, a cruising depth of 20-400 m, as well as a speed switch to reduce its own noise level. The torpedo's range of 20 km is achieved under the condition of 50% of its movement time at a speed of 23-25 ​​knots. The length of the wire in the torpedo coil for telecontrol is 20 km, in the ship coil - 5 km. The torpedo homing system is acoustic, active-passive, two-plane, with a response radius of 1000 m along the active channel. Proximity fuse - sonar, circular action, with a response radius of 10 m.

Modernization

The subsequent development of Project 1124 with the installation of more modern weapons on it did not take place due to the lack of a project of modernization displacement reserves for the ships. “The project has exhausted itself and the country's Navy in the 1980s. already fundamentally new ships were required. A kind of enlarged version of the IPC of project 1124 was also the patrol ship of project 1159, created in the Zelenodolsk design bureau under the leadership of the same Yu.A. Nikolsky for export supplies to "socialist and developing" countries. "

Combat survivability

The unsinkability of the project ship was ensured when any three adjacent compartments were flooded, both with normal and full displacement. The emergency static roll in this case should not exceed 13 °. In the event that the freeboard is less than 0.5 meters, the ship may capsize.

The fire protection of the engine rooms of small anti-submarine ships of Project 1124 was relatively weak. The liquid fire extinguishing station was quickly discharged (freon was supplied to one or two fire-hazardous rooms) and was unsuitable for reuse. The steam extinguishing system was low-power, in addition to it, the ship was equipped with a single-wire fire-fighting water main with water outlets to consumers. Two fire pumps of the NTs8-16O180 brand with a capacity of 160 m³ of water per hour are switched on automatically from the pressure switch, manually - from the pump installation site or remotely - from the PESH (power and survivability post).

The chemical weapons of the ships included two VPKhR devices (military chemical reconnaissance device), four KRBG and one FPU, KRVP and KID-6G each. Project 1124 MPCs are also equipped with a demagnetizing device, a universal water protection system (USVZ), a room ventilation system, emergency cooling systems for the main engines and seawater supply.

Used

• the USSR the USSR
• Russia Russia
• Ukraine Ukraine- during the division of the Black Sea Fleet of the USSR on August 1, two ships of Project 1124 were transferred to Ukraine - MPK-43 (until 15.02.1992 "Odessa Komsomolets") and MPK-52. In the Ukrainian Navy, the ships were reclassified as corvettes and renamed U209 Sumy (Ukrainian Sumi) and U210 Kherson (Ukrainian Kherson), respectively. Withdrawn from the fleet and decommissioned: "Sumy" - in a year, "Kherson" - in a year. In addition, on January 19, the State Border Service of Ukraine transferred to the Navy two ships of Project 1124P - PSKR Dnepr and Izmail. Reclassified into corvettes and renamed to U206 "Vinnitsa" (Ukr. Vinnytsia) and U205 "Chernigov" (Ukr. Chernigiv), respectively. In the year "Chernigov" was withdrawn from the fleet and decommissioned. The most running corvettes of the Ukrainian Navy are completed in the post-Soviet period IPC project 1124M U205 (up to 2007 U200)"Lutsk" (Ukrainian Lutsk), entered into the fleet on 02/12/1994 and U209 "Ternopil" (Ukrainian Ternopil), entered into the fleet on 02/16/2006
• Lithuania Lithuania- during the division of the Baltic Fleet of the USSR on October 29, two ships of Project 1124 of the 2nd series - MPK-44 ("Komsomolets of Latvia") and MPK-108 were transferred to Lithuania without the right to sell to third countries. In the Lithuanian Navy, the ships were reclassified as frigates (lit. fregatas) and renamed F-11 emaitis (lit. Žemaitis) and F-12 Aukštaitis (lit. Aukštaitis), respectively. Withdrawn from the fleet and decommissioned: emaitis - October 22, Aukštaitis - November 18.

Organizational and staff structure

Soviet Navy

At the time of the collapse of the USSR, the Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet consisted of only four ships of Project 1124; all of them were part of the 109th anti-submarine battalion of the 118th brigade of the OVR ships and were based at the Liepaja naval base.

The Red Banner Northern Fleet at the beginning of the 1990s had 27 "albatrosses". The ships were part of the 141st separate anti-submarine battalion (naval base Linakhamari), the anti-submarine battalion of the Severodvinsk brigade of the OVR ships (naval base Severodvinsk), the 58th submarine division of the 67th brigade of the OVR ships (naval base Port-Vladimir), the 12th division anti-submarine ships of the 2nd brigade of OVR ships (naval base Gremikha) and the 2nd division of the 77th guards brigade of antisubmarine ships (naval base Polyarny).

Russian Navy

In 2008, the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy included 7 small anti-submarine ships of project 1124M: MPK-14 "Monchegorsk" were located in the 270th Guards Pechenga Red Banner Division of the MPK of the 7th brigade of ships protecting the water area (basing point - Olenya Guba), MPK-59 "Snezhnogorsk", MPK-194 "Brest", MPK-203 "Yunga"); the 43rd battalion of ships for the protection of the water area (basing point - Severodvinsk) included MPK-7 "Onega", MPK-130 "Naryan-Mar" and MPK-139.

The Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy for 2008 included 10 small anti-submarine ships of project 1124M: as part of the 11th division of ships for the protection of the water area (basing point - Vladivostok MPK-17 "Ust-Ilimsk", MPK-28, MPK-64 "Blizzard ", MPK-221" Primorsky Komsomolets "and MPK-222" Koreets "; as part of the 117th division of the MPK of the 114th brigade of the OVR (basing point - the Zavoiko peninsula) ships of the project 1124M MPK-82, MPK-107, MPK- 178; the ships of the project 1124M MPK-125 "Sovetskaya Gavan" and MPK-191 "Kholmsk" were included in the battalion of ships for the protection of the water area of ​​the Sovgavan naval region (basing point - Sovetskaya Gavan).

Small anti-submarine ships of Project 1124 and 1124M are not included in the Baltic Fleet.

The Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy includes 6 small anti-submarine ships of projects 1124 and 1124M for a year:

400th division of anti-submarine ships of the 68th brigade of ships for the protection of the water area (basing point - Sevastopol, Yuzhnaya Bay)

• "Aleksandrovets" w / n 059 (until July 2004 MPK-49) project 1124;
• "Muromets" w / n 064 (until April 1999 MPK-134) project 1124M;
• "Suzdalets" w / n 071 (until April 1999 MPK-118) project 1124M.

• "Povorino" w / n 053 (up to 1999 MPK-207) project 1124M;
• "Yeisk" w / n 054 (until September 1999 MPK-217) project 1124M;
• "Kasimov" w / o number 055 (up to 2001 MPK-199) project 1124M.

Until 2002, the ships of the project 1124 under the code "Albatross", incl. exploited

In order to understand how large and small anti-submarine ships originated, what factors influenced the tactics of their use and the current state, one should delve into history.

An excursion into history

At the end of the 20th century, the problem of protecting fleets from destroyers was actively discussed in European countries. With the invention in 1865 by the Russian scientist Aleksandrovsky of the torpedo, which at that time was called "self-propelled mine", the maritime powers around the world began to actively develop their mine forces, the result of which was that by the end of the century most of the fleets of all countries of the world consisted mainly of armed with torpedoes of small ships, called "destroyers".

The question arose of countering these agile ships, capable of inflicting colossal damage to the enemy's fleet. The solution was found in Great Britain, where in 1881 the destroyer "Polyphemus" descended from the stocks of the shipyard in Chatham, becoming the only ship in the British fleet equipped with a battering ram. "Polyphemus" was the forerunner of the squadron, which, in turn, were the ancestors of anti-submarine ships.

Experience of world wars

The heyday of destroyers fell on the world wars. In the First World War, due to the fear of losing large ships in an open combat clash, the belligerents actively used destroyers in combat operations. And it was in the First World War that they encountered submarines, becoming the main means of fighting them. During World War II, destroyers underwent a number of major changes, even closer to anti-submarine ships. Along with the gradual abandonment of torpedo weapons and replacing them with bombs, the anti-aircraft weapons of destroyers began to grow, and they themselves began to be used as multipurpose ships, becoming the "cannon fodder" of enemy fleets.

In the USSR, during the Second World War, there was a special class of ships designed primarily to combat submarines. We are talking about the so-called submarine hunters. It was from them that modern anti-submarine ships went.

From destroyer to anti-submarine ship

The emergence of anti-submarine ships is associated primarily with the Cold War and the development of submarines. After the Second World War, the question of nuclear war arose sharply. The military doctrines of the USSR and the United States assumed the delivery of nuclear strikes against enemy territory using all available means: bombs and ballistic missiles. The latter, in addition to stationary positions and mobile platforms, were also located on nuclear submarines, completely protected from nuclear strikes and capable of launching missiles in close proximity to the enemy. The question arose of opposing these boats, for which work began on the construction of ships, sharpened exclusively for the fight against submarines.

USSR experience

In the Soviet Union, anti-submarine warfare issues were attended to in the 1960s. Various ideas were put forward, and especially hot heads at the headquarters of the Navy in the early 70s even suggested creating an anti-submarine defense system by analogy with the air defense system that guarded the sky of the Land of Soviets. This scrupulous approach ensured that by the end of the existence of the USSR, the Soviet fleet had a full range of anti-submarine ships, mainly intended for the search and destruction of submarines or the protection of large strike ships. The escort service, which the destroyers were mainly engaged in, was not included in the range of tasks of the new subclass.

Anti-submarine ships, according to the classification of 1990, were divided into anti-submarine cruisers (ASC), large anti-submarine ships (BOD), patrol ships (SKR) and small anti-submarine ships (IPC).

First generation

In the 60s, the first generation of anti-submarine ships entered service with the Soviet Navy, represented by models of Project 61, patrol ships of Project 159 and Project 31, and small anti-submarine ships of Project 204. They carried the most advanced hydroacoustic stations at that time and were armed with anti-submarine torpedoes and rocket launchers. But due to the short range of the stations, insufficient range of weapons and the lack of helicopters, the first anti-submarine ships had low efficiency and were quickly replaced by new ones, the projects of which began to be embodied in metal since 1967.

Second generation

The first ships of the second generation were Project 1123 anti-submarine cruisers, which did not have the ability to base helicopters and powerful anti-submarine anti-aircraft weapons. Next, 1134A and 1134B entered service, specially adapted for operations in the ocean and armed with helicopters, modern hydroacoustic stations, missile-torpedo and anti-aircraft missile systems.

But the capabilities of the USSR shipbuilding industry were very limited, and it was difficult to produce the required number of large anti-submarine ships, which made it almost impossible to implement the plans of the USSR Navy command to build up the potential of the anti-submarine forces of the fleet. The solution to this problem was the deployment of the production of patrol ships of projects 1135 and 1153M, in contrast to the BOD, which had a lower displacement, but without helicopters and anti-aircraft missile systems.

The watchdogs were supposed to be used in battle in conjunction with helicopter carriers and aircraft-carrying cruisers, which was the reason for the absence of helicopters. Simultaneously with the production of patrol boats, the re-equipment of obsolete 57bis missile ships into large anti-submarine ships and the modernization of individual anti-submarine models of the first generation began.

In the second half of the 1970s, Project 1124M small anti-submarine ships were laid down. Another model followed. These were small anti-submarine ships of Project 1124. They were characterized by the presence of two hydroacoustic stations, differing in design. Most of these ships became part of the KGB Border Troops under the code "Albatross". At the same time, the construction of small anti-submarine ships of project 12412, developed on the basis of project 1241 "Lightning", was started.

Ships of the second generation were outdated by the mid-1980s, and the designers were faced with the question of replacing outdated equipment. But the planned modernization program was not implemented due to lack of funds and the same limited capabilities of the shipbuilding industry.

Several were partially modernized. In general, the ships of the second generation almost did not undergo systematic repairs. This led to the fact that in the 90s most of them were scrapped. Today, the Russian Navy has 22 small anti-submarine ships. Two of them deserve special attention. Among them is the Urengoy small anti-submarine ship.

Iron Albatross

The first small anti-submarine ship Albatross left the stocks in 1967 and was immediately noted by military experts for its speed and maneuverability. Leonid Brezhnev visited the lead ship of the series while on vacation in Yalta. The emergence of new anti-submarine ships quickly ceased to be a secret for a potential enemy. The Albatrosses were classified as corvettes and codenamed Grisha.

The ship's armament consists of a 57mm artillery mount, 30mm art. installations, SAM "Osa-M", two rocket launchers, 533-mm torpedo tubes, depth charges and mines. The ship's speed of 35 knots is provided by a gas turbine plant.

"Kazanets" in the service of the Baltic Fleet

In the 1970s, an anti-submarine ship project was developed in the GDR, which received the code number 1331. It was developed on the basis of the Soviet project 1124 with the participation of Soviet specialists and was one of the first military ships created in the GDR. Thus, the Soviet leadership wanted to give the Germans the opportunity to gain experience in the independent design and construction of warships. In the West, these ships were codenamed Parchim-II class.

One of the ships in the series is the Kazanets small anti-submarine ship currently in the Baltic Fleet. It was laid down on the stocks of the shipyard in Wolgstad by order of the USSR on January 4, 1985 and launched on March 11 of the same year. Since 1986 it has been on the lists of ships of the USSR Navy, in 1987 it officially became a part of the Baltic Fleet, in 1992 - into the Russian Navy.

Kazanets has powerful anti-submarine, artillery and anti-aircraft weapons, two sonar stations and a long-range radar station. The speed of 25 knots is provided by a three-shaft installation.

It should also be noted that the ship is distinguished by the quality of construction, good quality and reliability, like any German technology.

Also in the Russian Navy is the twin brother of "Kazanets" - the small anti-submarine ship "Urengoy".

Third generation

In the 80s, a new program for the construction of anti-submarine ships was launched, the result of which was the construction of two series of ships: large anti-submarine project 1155 and patrol boats of project 11540. Work was carried out at an accelerated pace.

Large anti-submarine ships of project 1155 were equipped with two helicopters, a long-range sonar station "Polynom" and an anti-submarine missile system "Rastrub-B". The equipment of the patrol boats was much more modest: one helicopter, a sonar station and an anti-submarine missile system.

The ships of both projects are equipped with multi-channel anti-aircraft missile systems and 100-mm artillery systems. Also, Project 11540 patrol boats have the ability to equip the Uranus anti-ship missile system, thus being the first domestic multipurpose frigates.

State of the art

In 2001, at the Amur shipyard, the lead ship of a new series of large anti-submarine ships of project 20380 was laid down, which are designed to become the first in the era of Russian shipbuilding. This is a fundamentally new type of anti-submarine missile ships designed to detect and destroy enemy submarines, surface targets of any rank, including aircraft carriers, latest generation fighters, cruise missiles and torpedoes. Also, the ships have enough powerful artillery weapons to support the landing of troops with fire. The Baltic Fleet now includes 4 copies of the project 20380. These are "Guarding", "Savvy", "Steady" and "Boyky".

The new ships are equipped with powerful weapons that allow them to fight on equal terms with any enemy. The speed of 24 knots is provided by 4 diesel engines.

Prospects for the development of anti-submarine ships

Based on the modern political map of the world and recent events, the task of ensuring the security of the borders of our homeland comes out on top in the list of priorities. The threat of a nuclear war after the Cold War not only did not disappear, but, on the contrary, increased, because our country needs anti-submarine ships capable of fighting on equal terms with the submarines of a potential enemy.