Мпк those data project 1124. Swift "albatross". design features of a small anti-submarine ship
MPK pr.1124 code "Albatross" - MPK-43; MPK-52
MPK pr.1124M code "Albatross" - serial number 012 (MPK-85); office # 013; No.15(not completed)
PSKR pr.1124P code "Albatross" - Dnepr; Ishmael
Appearance:
MPK pr.1124 - 2 units.
NOTE: starting from the 13th hull, all Project 1124 MPKs were equipped with the AK-630 MZA, both ships transferred to Ukraine were also equipped with these assault rifles.
MPK pr.1124M - 2 units. +1 not completed
TTX:
The performance data of Project 1124:
Displacement, t:
standard: 835
full: 990
Dimensions, m:
length: 71.07
width: 10.15
draft: 3.54
Full speed, knots: 32
Autonomy, days: 9
Power plant: 1x18000 hp GTU M-8, 2x10000 hp diesel engines M-507A, 1 DG ASDG-500 500 kW, 1 DG DGN-300 300 kW, 1 DG DG-200 200 kW
Armament:
1x2 PU ZIF-122 SAM 4K33 "Osa-M" (20 missiles 9M33);
1x2 57 mm AK-725 (1100 rounds);
1x6 30 mm AK-630 (2000 rounds);
2 bomb throwers (12 GB BB-1 or BPS) and 18 mines;
Crew, people: 83 (9 officers, 12 warrant officers)
The performance data of Project 1124M:
Displacement, t:
standard: 910
full: 1055
Dimensions, m:
length: 71.07
width: 10.15
draft: 3.71
Full speed, knots: 31.67
Cruising range: 2727 miles (14.56 knots), 640 miles (29 knots)
Autonomy, days: 10
Power plant: 1x18000 hp GTU M-8M, 2x10000 hp diesel engines M-507A, 1 DG ASDG-500 500 kW, 1 DG 300 kW, 1 DG 200 kW
Armament:
1x2 PU ZIF-122 SAM 4K33 "Osa-MA" (20 missiles 9M33);
1x1 76 mm AK-176 (152 rounds);
1x6 30 mm AK-630M (3000 rounds);
1x1 45 mm 21KM;
2x2 533 mm DTA-53-1124 (4 torpedoes TEST-71, SET-65, SET-53, SET-53M);
1x12 RBU-6000 "Smerch-2" (48 RSL-60);
2 bomb throwers (12 GB BB-1 or BPS) and 18 min
Crew, people: 90 (9 officers, 12 warrant officers)
The performance data of Project 1124P:
Displacement, t:
standard: 880
full: 960
Dimensions, m:
length: 71.2
width: 10.17
draft: 3.6
Full speed, knots: 36.1
Cruising range: 4000 miles (10 knots), 2700 miles (14 knots), 950 miles (27 knots)
Autonomy, days: 10
Power plant: 1x18000 hp GTU M-8, 2x10000 hp diesel engines M-507A, 1 DG ASDG-500 500 kW, 1 DG 300 kW, 1 DG 200 kW
Armament:
2x2 57 mm AK-725 (2200 rounds);
2x2 533 mm DTA-53-1124 (4 torpedoes TEST-71, SET-65, SET-53, SET-53M);
2x12 RBU-6000 "Smerch-2" (96 RSL-60);
2 bomb throwers (16 GB BB-1) and 18 mines;
Crew, people: 84 (8 officers)
History:
U209 Sumy
Former MPK-43 "Odessa Komsomolets" - 08/01/1997 transferred to the Ukrainian Navy, renamed Sumy (onboard U209) and reclassified into a corvette. Decommissioned from the Ukrainian Navy on June 11, 1999
U210 Kherson
Former MPK-52 - 08/01/1997 transferred to the Ukrainian Navy, renamed "Kherson" (onboard U210) and reclassified into a corvette. Decommissioned from the Ukrainian Navy on June 11, 1999
U205 Lutsk
The ship was laid down as a small anti-submarine ship "MPK-85" (serial number 12).
Launched on May 22, 1993, the Ukrainian Navy entered service on December 30, 1993, receiving the name "Lutsk" and tail number U200 in honor of the Ukrainian city of the same name in the Volyn region.
During its time in the Ukrainian Navy, the corvette has numerous artillery and missile firing (the first missile firing of the Ukrainian Naval Forces - in 1997). The corvette has participated in numerous exercises since 1994: Breeze-94, Breeze-95, Sea-96, Cooperative Partner-97, Sea Breeze-97, Cooperative Partner-98, Sea Breeze-98, Fairway of Peace-99, "Duel-99", "Cooperative Partner-2000", "Breeze-2000", "Black Sea Partnership-2000", "Fairway of Peace-2001", "Duel- 2001 "," Sea Breeze-2002 "," Fairway of the World-2003 "," Cooperative Partner-2003 "," Black Sea Partnership-2003 "," Cooperative Partner-2004 "," Reaction-2005 ", anti-terrorist operation" Active Efforts " in the Mediterranean Sea in 2007, in parades in honor of the Navy of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, training camps for ships of the Naval Forces of Ukraine and the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation.
On September 22, 2006, on board the corvette "Lutsk", moored at the pier in the Streletskaya Bay of Sevastopol, during welding in the auxiliary room of the station's post at around 4:00 pm, a spark fell between the casing and the hull. The fire that broke out could not be stopped for four hours. In addition to the rescue parties of the ship, employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations in Sevastopol were involved in the elimination of the fire. The station premises in the ship's hull were completely burned out. When extinguishing the fire, a significant part of the corvette's skin had to be removed. The ship went out of service for a long time; to restore the corvette, medium repairs were required.
On March 20, 2014, the Ukrainian Navy flag was lowered on the ship, and the Russian Navy flag was raised.
U209 Ternopil
The ship was laid down as a small anti-submarine ship pr.1124M (serial number 013).
After a long layover, funds were found for its completion, and the ship was launched on March 15, 2002, receiving a new name - "Ternopil".
On September 23, 2005, the Ternopil corvette was transferred from Kiev to Sevastopol for acceptance tests, and on the same day the ship's crew was moved into it. In the period 01.10-28.12.2005, acceptance tests of the corvette were carried out, 10 exits to the sea were carried out, 1668 nautical miles were covered.
On January 16, 2006, an act of acceptance and transfer of the ship from the Ukrainian Navy industry was approved.
On 16.02.2006, the naval flag was solemnly raised on the ship, the corvette was enrolled in the Naval Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
On May 26, 2006, the ship, after passing the first course assignment, was introduced to the campaign, and enlisted in the permanent readiness forces.
During its time in the Ukrainian Navy, the corvette has numerous artillery and rocket fires. The corvette took part in exercises, anti-terrorist operation "Active Efforts" in the Mediterranean Sea, in parades in honor of the Navy of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, gathering-campaigns of ships of the Ukrainian Navy.
On March 20, 2014, as a result of the political crisis in Ukraine and the transfer of Crimea from Ukraine to the Russian Federation, the ship was captured by the self-defense forces of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.
corvette Zaporizhzhya Sich (No 015) - not completed
U205 Chernihiv
The border patrol ship with serial number 777 was laid down in the slipway of the Zelenodolsk shipyard (Tatarstan) on September 12, 1978 for the sea units of the border troops of the KGB of the USSR.
After launching on June 22, 1980 by inland waterways, it was towed to the Sea of Azov, and from there to the Persey plant (Sevastopol) for completion and commissioning sea trials. For acceptance tests, the ship was relocated to Balaklava.
After the signing on December 28, 1980 by the state commission of the acceptance certificate of the ship, by order of the commander of the Western Border District, it was named "Izmail" in honor of the city of Izmail and in memory of the capture of the Turkish fortress of Izmail by the troops of Suvorov and the Black Sea Cossacks of Anton Golovaty on December 11, 1790.
PSKR "Izmail" was assigned to the 5th separate Balaklava brigade of border patrol ships of the Western OK MCh of the KGB of the USSR. The flag of the naval units of the border troops was raised on the ship on February 17, 1981. He took part in the protection of the state border, the economic zone of the USSR and fishing industries off the coast of the Crimean peninsula in the Black Sea. During 1981-1989 he was on duty for 1053 days. He examined 5459 vessels, of which he detained 296, including 14 foreign schooners.
Twice, on March 10, 1986 and on February 12, 1988, as part of the KUG, together with the ships of the Black Sea Fleet, he participated in the expulsion from the territorial waters of the USSR of a detachment of US Navy warships (cruisers URO Yorktown and Caron.
In April 1986, as part of the PSKR group ("Izmail", PSKR-629, PSKR-105), while searching for a foreign transmitter in the area of Cape Tarkhankut, established contact with an unidentified submarine (as it later became known - the Turkish Navy "Yildyrai" S-350) accompanied her for 22 hours. The next time "Izmail" discovered an unidentified submarine in 1989 in the area of Cape Chauda. The contact was transferred to the MPK Komsomolets Armenii, Komsomolets Georgia and Kievsky Komsomolets, who accompanied the boat to the port of Eregli.
In June 1992, he became a member of the naval units of the State Committee for the Protection of the Border of Ukraine, where he also actively participated in the protection of the state border. In February 1992, the ship detained the first Turkish schooner "Chinakchy-Ogulari", which was poaching for flounder-kalkan in the Ukrainian economic zone.
At the end of 1995, at the government level, it was decided to transfer the Project 1124P ship by the State Border Service of Ukraine to the Naval Forces of Ukraine.
In January 1996, "Izmail" together with the same type PSKR "Dnepr" were transferred to the Navy. The ships were received in a satisfactory technical condition: taking into account the specifics of the maritime border service, the ships rarely used hydroacoustic equipment, mine and torpedo weapons. Only the undercarriage mechanical part, the armament of the missile and artillery warhead were actively exploited.
The naval flag of Ukraine was raised on the ship on January 19, 1996. The ship was transferred to a corvette and renamed "Chernigov". The change in the name of the ship was agreed with the Chernigov city administration, whose representatives arrived in Sevastopol on January 19 to congratulate the sailors on raising the battle banner. The consecration of the banner of "Chernigov" took place on the same day - on the feast of the Epiphany.
For some time, both the border and the naval crew were on the ship. Officers, warrant officers and sailors for the Chernigov crew were recruited from various ships, as well as from other branches of the Armed Forces, which had undergone retraining.
Due to the lack of funding and the impossibility of dock repairs, the Chernigov corvette was excluded from the fleet and decommissioned in 2005.
U206 Vinnytsia
Anti-submarine ship No. 775 was laid down on the stocks of the Zelenodolsk shipyard of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on December 23, 1975, and was enlisted on June 17, 1976 in the lists of ships of the border troops of the KGB of the USSR. It was launched on September 12, 1976. After the descent, it was towed to the Sea of Azov, and from there went to the Perseus plant in Sevastopol for revision and installation of additional equipment.
To carry out mandatory sea trials, he was relocated to Balaklava. It successfully passed state tests and after the signing by the state commission of the act on the acceptance of the ship into the USSR Navy, it received the name "Dnepr". He became a member of the 5th separate brigade of border patrol ships in the town of Balaklava of the Red Banner Western PO of the MCh of the KGB of the USSR. Participated in the protection of the state border, the economic zone of the USSR and fishing industries near the coast of the Crimean peninsula in the Black Sea.
1977 - participated in a campaign in the Black Sea region from the Snake Island to the Kerch Strait.
1978 - participated in a campaign in the Black Sea region from Odessa to Novorossiysk.
1979 - participated in a campaign in the Black Sea region from Cape Tarkhankut to Novorossiysk.
1980 - participated in a campaign in the Black Sea region from Cape Tarkhankut to Ochamchira.
1981 - participated in a campaign in the region of the southern coast of Crimea.
In June 1992 he became a member of the Naval Units of the State Committee for the Protection of the Borders of Ukraine. From that moment, the ship's service in the Ukrainian Navy began, and the ship itself was renamed "Vinnitsa".
At the end of 1995, at the government level, it was decided to transfer the Project 1124P ships to the Naval Forces of Ukraine by the State Border Service of Ukraine.
In January 1996 "Dnepr" together with the same type "Izmail" were transferred to the Navy. The ships were received in a satisfactory technical condition: taking into account the specifics of the maritime border service, the ships rarely used hydroacoustic equipment, mine and torpedo weapons. Only the undercarriage mechanical part, the armament of the missile and artillery warhead were actively exploited.
Later, Vinnitsa took part in many multinational naval exercises, both jointly with the Russian Black Sea Fleet and with the fleets of NATO countries:
July 1996 - participation in the international exercises "Cooperative Partner-1996".
August 1996 - participation in the Sea-96 exercises.
August-September 1996 - participation in the international exercises "Classic-96" (Constanta, Romania).
April 1998 - participation in a joint gathering-cruise with a group of ships of the Russian Black Sea Fleet.
April 1999 - participation in the gathering-hike.
August 1999 - participation in the international exercises "Fairway of the World-99".
April 2000 - participation in the gathering-hike.
June 2000 - participation in the international exercises "Cooperative Partner-2000".
2002 - international exercises "Sea Breeze-2002", "Farvater-Outpost-2002", gathering-hike.
2003 - exercises "Breeze-2003", "Fairway of the World-2003", "Cooperative Partner-2003" and "Black Sea Partnership-2003". Took part in the activation of the Black Sea naval group under the BLACKSEAFOR program, during which he paid visits to the ports of the Black Sea countries. In the same year she was named the best ship of the Ukrainian Navy.
2007 - participation in the strategic exercises "Artery-2007".
On November 11, 2007, he got into a storm and received serious damage to the stem, from that moment on it is under repair. In July 2010, the government of Vinnitsa region allocated 250 thousand hryvnia to repair the ship.
March 22, 2014 - taken under the control of the Marine Corps Special Forces of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation. The crew of the Ukrainian Navy went ashore in full force.
Photo album:
1 - LUTSK U200 (since 2005 U205)
The idea of creating a specialized high-speed anti-submarine ship of limited displacement was developed in the Soviet Navy at the turn of the 50-60s, when the appearance abroad of new generation submarines (including those with nuclear power plants) required the adoption of effective measures to counter practically all operational zones , including the neighbor. This is how a fundamentally new class of warships of the domestic fleet was born - small anti-submarine ships (MPK), designed to combat an underwater enemy in coastal areas, near naval bases and basing points. The first was the MPK of Project 204, developed by the Zelenodolsk Design Bureau (PKB) in the early 60s. With a full displacement of 550 tons, its armament included 4 fixed one-tube torpedo tubes OTA-40-204 with a caliber of 406 mm and 2 rocket launchers RBU-6000. Special was the design of the main power plant (GEM) with a capacity of 39,500 hp, which consisted of two afterburner gas turbines D-2 and two "economic" (ie, designed for economic operation) diesel engines M-502 tons. Their serial construction was carried out on shipyards of Zelenodolsk, Kerch and Khabarovsk, from the stocks of which in 1960-1968. 64 MPKs came down, including 4 for the Romanian Navy (project 204E) and Bulgaria. In general, the project received a fairly high rating from the command of the Navy, although along with the positive qualities, obvious shortcomings were also noted, the main of which was weak air defense. But since the experience of local military conflicts with all its acuteness confirmed the increased threat from aviation, it was decided to strengthen the air defense. However, the relatively small displacement of this ship did not allow replacing the existing anti-aircraft weapons with more advanced ones.
During the design work, the main attention was paid to the selection of the most optimal contours of the ship's hull, the standard displacement of which should not initially exceed 800 tons.During numerous experiments, the PKB specialists found that in order to achieve the required speed of 35 knots, the so-called combined contours are the most profitable. combining all the advantages of acute and round bilge hulls. The freeboard was also given a complex shape; along which, to reduce flooding and splashing, there were smoothed longitudinal protrusions (which, however, had to be abandoned during serial construction for reasons of manufacturability). In addition, the unconventional sheerness of the deck, as well as the presence of an extended bow superstructure occupying the entire width of the hull, should have had a favorable effect on the seaworthiness of the ship, which gave the "albatrosses" a characteristic appearance.
Increased attention was paid to the design of the main power plant, developed under the leadership of A. Kunakhovich and A. Myshakin. 2 diesel engines of the M-507A brand with a capacity of 10 thousand hp were included in the power plant as economic engines. each, working on the side shafts, and as an afterburner - a gas turbine engine (GTE) M-8M with a capacity of 18 thousand hp. the rotating middle shaft. Both under both diesel engines and under the gas turbine engine, the ship could reach speeds of up to 20-22 knots, and with the use of all three units, which were controlled by remote control, over 35. Normal fuel supply - 130 tons - provided a cruising range of 18-knot economic travel over 2,700 miles.
The composition of the ship's armament and hydroacoustic equipment was largely determined by the model of its combat use, which consisted of several stages - hydroacoustic reconnaissance on the move, deep listening "on foot", detection of a submarine, a quick exit to the area of its intended location and an attack by onboard submarine weapons. The hydroacoustic complex (GAK) consisted of 2 hydroacoustic stations (GAS) - the Argun "underkeep" (with an antenna located in the underkeep fairing) and the Shelon lowered (OGAS), the control post of which was located in the aft superstructure of the ship. The latter allowed anti-submariners to freely "look" into the water to a considerable depth; under the layer of the temperature jump, which significantly increased the detection range of underwater targets. The initial data on the underwater situation, received from the SAC, were processed by the Dragon-1124 control system. With its help, the anti-submarine weapons complex was controlled. It was based on 2 rotary double-tube 533-mm torpedo tubes DTA-5E-1124, placed side by side on the upper deck behind the bow superstructure. The increase in the caliber of the TA (compared to the 406 mm) made it possible to use more powerful torpedoes to destroy enemy submarines, including the self-guided SET-65 with a maximum speed of up to 40 knots. Their greatest cruising range was about 15 km, and the mass of the combat charging compartment (BZO) was 200 kilograms. As an auxiliary weapon of the PLO, two 12-barrel RBU-6000 were installed on the bow superstructure of the Albatross, capable of carrying out salvo, group and single fire with unguided rocket-assisted depth charges RSL-60 at a distance of up to 6 km. The warhead of the bomb (explosive mass - 23.5 kg), equipped with the UDV-60 remote shock fuse, ensured effective defeat of almost all types of submarines that existed at that time at a depth of 400 meters.
The self-defense means of small anti-submarine ships of Project 1124 were represented by two weapon systems: the Osa-M short-range anti-aircraft missile (SAM) and the AK-725-MR-103 artillery. SAM "Osa-M", designed to defeat single air targets, was located in the bow of the hull and included a fire control system 4R-33, coupled to the radar detection, tracking and guidance 4k-33, launcher (PU) Zif-122 and anti-aircraft guided missiles 9M-33 (20 units placed in the below-deck cellar in four rotating drums). The two-boom PU Zif-122 in the stowed (non-working) position, together with the feed and reloading systems, was also located under the deck of the tank in a special container, closed on top " cover ”with sliding doors. Before firing, the installation was pushed upward with missiles already fed to the guides. After the start of both missiles, the launcher was again "retracted" under the deck, where it was reloaded, and the whole cycle was repeated. SAM 9M-3E, made according to the aerodynamic "duck" scheme, had a launch mass of about 130 kg (HF mass - 14.5), and the flight speed was more than 700 m / s. Thanks to the semi-active radar guidance system, the missiles could effectively hit air targets (including small ones) at ranges of up to 7 km and in the altitude range of 60-6000 meters. The task of the artillery complex AK-725-MR-103 was the destruction of small ships, boats, aircraft and helicopters of the enemy, as well as weakly defended coastal facilities. The structure consisted of an AK-725 turret gun mount of 57-mm caliber and a "shooting" radar station (radar) MR-103 "Bars". The radar, the antenna post of which was located on the stern superstructure, was able to steadily track small-sized sea and air targets at a distance of up to 40 kilometers. The universal twin automatic mount AK-725 with an initial projectile speed of 1020 m / s had a horizontal firing range of 12.9 km and an altitude reach of 6.7 km. The high rate of fire - about 200 rds / min per barrel - ensured full automation of loading and firing processes, as well as a system for continuous cooling of the barrels with seawater. The AU ammunition consisted of 550 unitary loading shots with fragmentation-tracer shells (weight - 2.8 kg), placed in the under-deck bunker. The aiming of the artillery complex on the chain was carried out through two channels - the main (using the Bars radar) and the reserve one - by means of a sighting column with angle rings, openly located on the bow superstructure. It is worth noting that in both cases, the presence of only one person was required for the combat service of the AU, and no more than two for everyday service. There was no personnel in the tower when firing. The radio-electronic armament of the IPC pr. 1124 included a general-view radar "Rubka", which ensured the detection of surface and air circuits, and a navigation radar "Don-2", the antenna posts of which were mounted on the upper platforms of the mast. Vympel-P2 electronic warfare (EW) transmitting devices were also installed there.
Serial construction of "albatrosses" began in October 1968 with the laying of the head MPK-2 at Zelenodolsk Shipyard named after Gorky, which entered service 2 years later. Later, the shipyard in Khabarovsk and the Leninskaya Kuznitsa in Kiev joined the construction, with a total of 38 ships descending from the stocks. Already in the course of serial construction, starting with the 13th corps, the Project 1124 MPK began to equip the new AK-725-MR-123 artillery complex, which included, in addition to the AK-725, an EO-mm six-barreled artillery mount AK-630 with a firing range of up to 4 km, designed to destroy anti-ship cruise missiles in the near defense zone. Both ACs were controlled by the MR-123 Vympel radar. The appearance of new ships in the Soviet Navy did not escape the attention of NATO specialists, who assigned them the code name "Grisha", which soon migrated to all foreign reference books. I agree with them, the first MPK began to be called "Grisha-1", and ships with a 3O-mm AK-630 (its installation, by the way, did not entail a change in the project index for us) - ("Grisha-3"). The rather high tactical and technical characteristics of the new IPC attracted the attention of the command of the border troops of the KGB of the USSR on whose instructions the Zelenodolsk PKB in 1971 -1972. developed a project of a border patrol ship (PSKR) with the index 1124P ("Grisha-2"). It was distinguished from the base one primarily by the absence of the Osa-M air defense system, which was replaced by the second AK-725 gun (on the tank), and a signal bridge was installed at the place “freed” from the firing radar station behind the wheelhouse. Anti-submarine weapons remained practically unchanged, and only at the stern were added 2 racks for 16 BB-type depth charges.
Many years of positive experience in the operation of Project 1124 ships proved the need for their further development, and in 1976 the Zelenodolsk Design Bureau specialists developed an improved MPK project with the 1124M index ("Grisha-5"). The changes mainly affected the composition of the armament - instead of the AK-725, single-barreled 76-mm AK-176 guns with a firing range of 15.7 km were installed on the new ships, and the Osa-M air defense system gave way to the more advanced Osa-MA. In the GAS complex, the subtle MG-322 "Argun" was replaced by the "Platina" station, and the "Rubka" radar - the "Fregat" radar with a phased antenna array. As a result of all the changes, the total displacement of the IPC increased to 1050 tons, and the full speed (with the same power of the power plant) dropped to 32 knots. The cruising range also decreased, now amounting to 2,300 miles. After the collapse of the USSR, most of the IPC of Project 1124 and its modifications remained in the Russian Navy. Despite the difficulties experienced by the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, they continue to serve for the protection of the sea borders of our Motherland, and I would like to hope that due to their high qualities, the Albatrosses will serve Russia in the 21st century ...
TTD
- Displacement: standard 786 t, normal 862 g, full 938 t
- length 71.21 m, width 10.00 m, draft: bow 3.04 m, stern 3.67 m.
- Power plant power: ДДМ507А 2x10 000 hp; GTE M-86 1x18,000 hp;
- maximum speed 36 knots, combat economic 18 knots, low speed 9 knots;
- cruising range 3250 miles (at a speed of 9 knots).
- Armament: 1x2 launchers of the Osa-M air defense missile system (20 9M-33 missiles), 1x2 57-mm AU AK-725,
- 2x12 RBU-6000 (96 RGB-60), 2x2 TA DTA-54-1124 (8 torpedoes 53-65K and SET-65),
- 2 aft bomb throwers (12 GB RBM).
- Detection equipment: radar MR-303, MR-103, Don; GAS MG-322, MG-339, MG-409k; MI-110k, MI-110r.
- Crew: officers - 9, warrant officers - 14, foremen - 20, privates - 41.
- The ship's unsinkability was ensured by dividing it into 9 watertight compartments.
Chemical weapons:
chemical reconnaissance device VPHR
dosimetric control devices DP-62.
radiation chemical monitoring device
for emergency parties gas masks IP-46
chemical kits KZI-2
stationary system of degassing and decontamination TSSDD
powder SF-4 - 24 kg
filtering gas masks for l / s - 110%
smoke bombs DShM-60 - 4 pieces
Ship device
- 1 compartment with 0-11shp. forepeak, steeple, skipper's, 2 chain boxes, pantry for fuels and lubricants.
- 2 compartment with 11-18shp. refrigeration unit, PU SAM "Osa-M", modular BCh-2-3
- 3 compartment with 18-34shp. guidance post RBU, cockpit No. 1, aggregate radar station, mine GAS "Argun" MG-322T, bomb cellar, ventilator No. 4, central control room, general office, radio room, secret communications post
- 4 compartment with 34-49shp cockpit No. 2, control post of the Osa-M air defense missile system and radar station No. 1, dry food storage room, GAS cabin, gyropost, MKV No. 1, instrument compartment GAS MG-322T, ventilators No. 5 and 6, main corridor, midshipmen's cabins, officer's corridor, officer's latrine, officers' cabins, wardroom
- 5 compartment with 49-63shp. ZKU, bow engine compartment. dining room, washbasin, latrine, shower room, main corridor, galley.
- 6 compartment with 63-78shp. stern machine compartment.
- 7 compartment with 78-96shp. chem. pantry, USV, PEZH.
- 8 compartment with 96-102shp. cable corridor, ventilator room No. 7, storeroom BCH-3, TsARP, 2 turret compartments, aggregate spare parts and accessories RTS, instrument compartment GAS MG-339, artillery storage
- 9 compartment with 102-112shp. tiller room, storage room, boatswain's storage room, storage room for electrical spare parts, diving property.
Alexander MOZGOVOY
The fact is that in two or three years it will be necessary to write off or, in any case, take out of active operation "for the length of service" the small anti-submarine ships (MPK) of Project 1124M "Albatross" that are now in service, which are entrusted with the tasks of anti-submarine defense of the military naval bases and basing points, as well as to ensure the deployment of SSBNs when entering the ocean. That is, given the lack of modern means of mine countermeasures in the Navy, the submarines of our potential adversaries, who are now commonly referred to as "partners", will be able to block or "take warm" Russian nuclear submarines right at the start of their combat service, accompany and destroy at the right time.
INDIAN IMPULSE
Computer images and a description of the new development of this design bureau - a small anti-submarine ship (IPC) of project 23420 - appeared on the Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau website. The very fact of such information appearing is a rather extraordinary event. In recent years, I don’t remember a case when our design bureaus arranged presentations, albeit virtual ones, of new projects of warships. So, quite recently - in December last year - the laying of two small missile ships (MRK) of project 22800 "Karakurt", developed by the same Almaz Central Design Bureau for the Russian Navy, took place, but on the company's website there is not a word about their characteristics and weapons.
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MPK project 23420 with two three-pipe 324-mm torpedo tubes and RPK-8E. |
In this case, very detailed information about the ship and its armament is provided. The displacement of the MPK is about 1300 tons, the length is about 75 m, the width is 13 m. The speed, depending on the type of power plant, is 25-30 knots. And this installation itself, at the request of the customer, can be diesel or diesel-electric or gas turbine. The cruising range of the IPC is 2500 miles, the autonomy is 15 days. The crew should consist of 60 people.
Armament can vary. The anti-submarine arsenal, according to the description, includes the Packet-E / NK anti-submarine / anti-torpedo complex of two launchers with eight MTT anti-submarine torpedoes of 324 mm caliber and M-15 anti-torpedoes. Instead of the "Package", again according to the description, the RPK-8E complex can be installed, consisting of RBU-6000 with 48 anti-submarine missiles 90R and depth charges RSL-60. However, in the pictures posted on the same site, we see something different. On them, the PLO armament of a small anti-submarine ship consists of two two-pipe 533-mm apparatus DTA-53, located on the side closer to the stern, and RPK-8E on the superstructure. In another picture, found on the Web, the composition of the anti-submarine equipment is different: two three-pipe 324-mm torpedo tubes and an RPK-8E. Finally, another option can be found on the Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau leaflet: two four-container launchers of the Packet-E / NK complex are located on the side in front of the superstructure, and the RPK-8E is in its bow.
The project 23420 ship has developed hydroacoustic armament: GAK MGK-335EM-03, low-frequency active-passive sonar station "Vignette-EM" with a flexible extended towed antenna, with which, in deep water, you can detect low-noise submarines at a distance of up to 40-60 km. Against underwater saboteurs and their means of transportation, you can use GAS "Anapa-ME" or "Lovat", and destroy enemy combat swimmers using two hand-held anti-sabotage grenade launchers DP-64.
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MPK project 23420 with two 533-mm torpedo tubes DTA-53 and RPK-8E. |
The electronic equipment of the prospective MPK also includes the Positiv-ME1.2 detection and targeting radar, the Horizon 25 inertial navigation system, the Kama-NS-V integrated small-size navigation system and a number of other devices. All of them are "tied" to the Sigma-E combat information and control system, which helps the crew to carry out various missions in a marching and combat situation.
The artillery and anti-aircraft armament of the IPC project 23420 is multivariate. According to the description, it consists of a 76-mm automatic universal artillery mount AK-176MA in a stealth tower or a six-barreled 30-mm AK-306 assault rifle, as well as a 3M-47 "Gibka" turret with MANPADS "Needle" or "Needle-S". However, in the figures we see a different combination: AK-176MA and ZAK "Broadsword" / "Palma".
For self-defense against saboteurs and pirates, there are two 12.7 mm machine guns on the wings of the bridge. The ship has two launchers for the PK-10 jamming complex. In the stern, there is a landing area for two Horizon Air S-100 unmanned helicopters. The presence of UAVs, in our opinion, is more a tribute to fashion than a necessity. Unmanned aerial vehicles "Horizon Air S-100" are not capable of carrying lowered GAS or anti-submarine torpedoes, so they are not very suitable for PLO purposes. Although, probably, with the collective use of an IPC consisting of two or four units, one of them, performing the functions of a leader, can be equipped with a UAV to monitor the situation.
We dwelled in such detail on the tactical and technical characteristics and armament of the small anti-submarine ship of project 23420 in order to draw attention to the "flexibility" of this platform. It is clear that these IPCs are intended to be used not only as anti-submarine warfare, but also as a sentry to protect basing points and coastlines. They can fight non-missile ships in the near sea zone, provide fire support to ground units, and be used to protect the state border and economic zone.
But we are obviously talking about a project intended for foreign fleets, and not for the Russian Navy. This assumption is supported not only by the designation of weapons and other systems in the export version, but also, for example, by the indication that an “import complex of communications equipment at the request of the customer” can be installed on the IPC.
It is not hard to guess what was the impetus for the creation of the project. In early 2014, there were reports of the Indian Navy's intention to hold a tender for the construction of 16 coastal anti-submarine ships for a total of $ 2.25 billion. They are designed to replace four Abhay-class anti-submarine corvettes received from the USSR in 1989-1991. According to Soviet and Russian qualifications, these corvettes belong to the IPC of the project 1241PE "Molniya-2", and they were designed by the Almaz Central Design Bureau.
Corvettes of the Abhay type with a displacement of 495 tons, a length of 56.1 m, a speed of 31 knots, armed with two twin-tube 533-mm torpedo tubes, two RBU-1200, Strela-2M MANPADS and a 76-mm AK-176 cannon from the best side have recommended myself in the Indian Navy. But they have already served a quarter of a century or more. That is, new ships were required instead. But Russia cannot even offer its services for their construction, since Delhi has proclaimed in relation to future ships the principle “Buy and Make India!”, Which is now fashionable in this country, that is, “Buy and make Indian!”. Which is not surprising. Today the Indian shipbuilding industry is capable of assembling ships of almost all classes. On the other hand, no one prohibits Indian companies from cooperating with foreign firms and organizations in the design of warships and auxiliary vessels, as well as in the saturation of them with weapons.
That is why it seems that the IPC of project 23420 is a Russian proposal to Indian companies for the joint design of a promising anti-submarine corvette of the near sea zone. However, arms tenders in India have their own characteristics. Sometimes preparation for them takes many years. Then the choice of the winner also takes several years. It happens that contests are generally curtailed before they even start. In this case, probably, there was also some kind of "brake".
That is why the project 23420 appeared on the Almaz Central Design Bureau website. But this is by no means a development from scratch.
LET'S REMEMBER ABOUT THE OVR CORVET
In 2010, the main command of the Russian Navy decided to hold a tender for the project of the so-called corvette for the protection of the water area (OVR). These ships were supposed to combine the capabilities of the IPC, missile boats and minesweepers. The task, frankly, is not easy, if not impossible. But the Russian admirals focused on the US Navy, where the development of littoral warships with modular replaceable weapons had just begun. Looking ahead, let us say that the Americans have still not succeeded with this venture.
The Russian design bureaus that participated in the tender for the OVR corvette proposed a number of original options. Among them was the proposal of the Almaz Central Design Bureau for the construction of missile, anti-submarine, anti-mine and patrol ships on a single base platform. Thus, unification would be achieved in many systems, devices, equipment of premises and complexes of weapons and technical means. At the same time, the costs of creating and maintaining ships would be reduced, especially in terms of conducting research and development work and production technologies. Substantial savings could be achieved by the massive construction of buildings at one plant and their saturation with weapons and armaments at other enterprises. On the other hand, it would simplify the process of training crews that would be "sharpened" to perform specific tasks, and would not be the servants of several masters at once. It was proposed to use the Project 12700 Alexandrite PMO ship as a base platform. And the IPC of project 23420 is undoubtedly the development of one of the directions of the concept of four ships on one platform.
However, the proposal of the Almaz Central Design Bureau did not captivate the command of the Russian Navy. He wanted something completely opposite. In the conclusion of the expert council of the Navy on February 25, 2011 it was said: "The OVR Rusich-1500 corvette with outriggers-energy modules proposed by the Zelenodolsk Design Bureau meets the requirements of the Navy to the greatest extent in comparison with the single-hull corvettes proposed by other Design Bureau." We are talking about the trimaran corvette exhibited by ZPKB for the competition, made according to the architectural and structural scheme of the vessel with outriggers (SAR).
Such combat trimarans really have outstanding qualities. They can stay at sea 2.5-3.5 times longer than single-hull counterparts, since their seaworthiness is much higher. On waves, the side roll of the ATS decreases by 3-4 times, and the pitching in amplitude - approximately two times. And all because when entering a wave and during a roll, an additional lifting restoring moment arises. Thanks to this, "Rusich-1500" can successfully use weapons in waves of 5-6 points, which is inaccessible to single-hull corvettes.
The Zelenodolsk ATS has other advantages that distinguish them not only from single-hull ships, but also from other ships with outriggers. As you know, the trimaran scheme has been used since ancient times. The first to use it were the aborigines of Polynesia and Micronesia, which allowed them to sail thousands of miles on fragile-looking boats. Actually, foreign designers of trimaran are not far from the inhabitants of the distant Pacific islands. But Zelenodol residents have advanced much further. They placed motor-propulsion complexes in outriggers. This made it possible to free up significant spaces in the main building for placing a payload - primarily weapons.
The characteristics of the Rusich-1500 corvette have not been published, but you can get an idea of it from the drawings. The displacement, as the name of the project implies, is about 1,500 tons, which is only 200 tons more than the IPC of the project 23420 and 300 tons less than the standard, and 520 tons less than the total displacement of the multipurpose corvettes of the project 20380. Behind the superstructure and the integrated mast there are two blocks of vertical launchers ... In one, shifted from the center plane to the left side, 12 cells (3 modules of 4 cells) with Redut missiles (12 9M96M-9M96E missiles or 48 9M100 missiles). Instead of them, well-developed anti-aircraft missile systems "Rif-M" or "Shtil-1" can be placed. The second unit is a universal shipborne firing complex (UKSK) 3R-14 for 8 Kalibr-NK and Onyx cruise missiles designed to destroy surface and coastal targets. The UKSK may also contain 91R2 anti-submarine ballistic missiles with a firing range of up to 40 km. When using "Rusich-1500" for PLO purposes, they should become the main weapon of the corvette.
The PLO arsenal is complemented by the familiar “Packet-NK” anti-submarine / anti-torpedo complex consisting of two four-container launchers, as well as the Ka-27PL anti-submarine helicopter located in an under-deck hangar. This makes it possible to make the presence of significant volumes that have appeared in the main building due to the "removal" of the power plant into the outriggers.
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The Finnish Hamina-class Hanko missile boat repels an air attack by the Umkhonto missile defense system. |
Artillery systems are represented by the 100-mm universal automatic mount AK-192 or the cheaper 76-mm AK-176MA, as well as the twelve-barreled 30-mm AK-630M-2 "Duet" system with a rate of fire of 10,000 rounds per minute, designed to destroy flying anti-ship winged missiles and other air targets. The AK-192 fits in the bow and the AK-630M-2 in the stern.
"Rusich" can carry two drones "Horizon Air S-100" or other types of UAVs located in the under-deck hangar. The ship also has space for unmanned underwater vehicles for detecting and destroying mines. The ship can lay mines itself. That is, in terms of the palette of its capabilities, this combat trimaran is not inferior, and in some ways even surpasses the project 20385 multipurpose corvette and the 11356R / M frigate.
On "Rusich-1500", again due to the availability of free volumes, the living conditions have been qualitatively improved. Each crew member has his own cabin.
It is especially worth dwelling on the outrigger-energy modules. Their placement "separately" from the main hull reduces the labor intensity of building a ship by 10-15% and reduces the duration of factory repairs by 40-50%. Outriggers can be literally "unfastened", and if necessary - simply replaced. The pulling screws "Rusich-1500" operate under almost ideal conditions of uniform, direct, undisturbed water flow. This improves their efficiency and reduces vibration and underwater noise levels.
In other words, the Rusich-1500 corvette is an almost ideal ship of the coastal zone, capable of solving various tasks, especially anti-submarine ones. However, there was a chorus of objections from industry. They say that in winter, the space between the main hull and the outriggers will be clogged with ice, that is, it will not give any advantages to the trimaran and will significantly worsen its seaworthiness compared to single-hull ships. Tests of the corvette model in the ice basin of the Krylov State Scientific Center refuted these claims. According to the results of the tests, the Zelenodolsk ship was even assigned the ARC-4 category. That is, he is able to walk independently in thin one-year Arctic ice with a thickness of up to 0.6 m in winter-spring navigation and up to 0.8 m in summer-autumn.
Also, the "accusations" of "Rusich" of difficulties during its mooring and during docking turned out to be untenable. However, the shipbuilding industry and some representatives of the Navy continued to object to the combat trimaran. This is explained by the lack of the proper level of shipbuilding and maritime culture, which is required by such ships. An appropriate reason was found to close the topic - the Navy generally abandoned further work on corvettes to protect the water area, that is, it canceled the tender and took a course on the development of large surface ships of the ocean zone, although the country does not have either technological, human or financial resources for this. ... But let's imagine that such a fleet will be built. In case of war, the submarines of the "partners" will simply shoot him with torpedoes when leaving the bases.
DO NOT DO IT AT ALL
Of course, competent Russian sailors and shipbuilders understand that it is impossible to do without anti-submarine ships of the coastal zone. And developments in this area are being proactively carried out. MPK project 23420 TsMKB "Almaz" confirmation of this. The same Zelenodolsk Design Bureau at the St. Petersburg International Maritime Defense Show in 2013 demonstrated a model of the small anti-submarine ship "Sarsar", which means "Cold Wind", which is also called "Wind of Death" in the East. Its design is much more familiar and simpler than that of the Rusich-1500.
Considering that the Zelenodolsk Design Bureau after the Great Patriotic War became the leading developer of small displacement PLO ships (227 large hunters of project 122bis, 188 MPK project 201, 66 MPK project 204, 3 projects 1141/11451, 86 MPK project 1124 and their modifications, it is still possible to add small patrol ships with a pronounced anti-submarine profile - 56 units of project 159 and 18 of project 35), it is clear that this organization has vast experience in creating ships of this class. For Sarsar, the hull of the now famous small missile ship of Project 21631 Buyan-M was chosen as the base platform. With a displacement of about 900 tons, the MPK with a subkeeping GAS is armed with an anti-submarine complex "Packet-NK" or two 533-mm twin-tube torpedo tubes DTA-53, 57-mm automatic artillery mount A-220M, SAM "Osa-MA", machine guns and unmanned aircraft complex "Horizon Air S-100".
The composition of the ship's anti-submarine weapons today is clearly insufficient. He needs lowered or towed GAS and a small-sized anti-submarine missile system like the never-finished RPK-9 Medvedka, or even better Medvedka-2 with vertical launch systems and a range of at least 20 km destruction of underwater targets. By the way, if we take "Buyan-M" as a basis, then the UKSK 3R-14 with 91R2 missiles can also be used to place the PLUR.
The ship's anti-aircraft armament looks weak. But, apart from the Osa-MA, Russia has no other short-range air defense systems yet. Attempts to replace them with anti-aircraft missile and artillery systems (ZRAK) cannot yet be considered successful. ZRAK "Kortik" / "Kashtan" not only turned out to be heavy, but its efficiency makes one wish for the best. In addition, the design of this system negates all efforts of shipbuilders to reduce radar signature. No wonder they call this ZRAK "horned monster." It is too early to talk about the widely advertised Pantsir-M air defense system. There is not a single "living" system of this kind on ships. But on computer drawings it looks rather horny. It is not a sin to draw attention to foreign experience, where air-to-air missiles have long been successfully adapted for air defense of medium and small displacement ships. Suffice it to recall the compact and highly effective South African air defense system Umkhonto ("Dart"). Its SAM can be placed in UVP, stationary mounted on ships, such as on the South African Amatola-class frigates or the Algerian type MEKO A-200 AN, and in removable containers, as on the Finnish Hamina-class missile boats.
However, let's not forget that Sarsar is export-oriented and intended for use in regions with a low level of underwater threat. It is more of a patrol ship with an anti-submarine "bias" than a full-fledged anti-submarine ship of the coastal zone.
Considering that the replacement of the MPK as part of the Russian Navy is an urgent task, it is urgent to make decisions on the project of ships that will go into series. Maybe it is worth resuming the construction of the MPK project 1124M "Albatross", only at a qualitatively new level? This option does not seem ridiculous at all. For the Russian Aerospace Forces, the production of Tu-160 supersonic strategic bombers is resumed. The issues of resuming assembly of Mi-14 amphibious helicopters and putting on the conveyor of A-40 Albatross amphibious jet aircraft, created in Soviet times, are being discussed. Naturally, all these machines will receive modern avionics and weapons. By the way, the Mi-14 and the MPK namesake - a modernized version of the A-40 aircraft - are supposed to be used primarily in the anti-submarine version. That is why the updated version 1124M has a right to exist.
With a total displacement of 1055 tons and a length of 71.07 m, these ships develop a maximum speed of more than 31 knots, have a cruising range of 2,700 miles at 14 knots and an autonomy of 10 days. Their anti-submarine equipment includes the Platina or Platina-MS hydroacoustic complex, the Shelon lowered hydroacoustic station, the Kassandra hydroacoustic station, the MGS-407K hydroacoustic buoy signal receiving station, the MI-110K submarine thermal wake detection station, station for detecting radiation wake of nuclear submarines MI-110R. To destroy the enemy underwater, two 533-mm twin-tube torpedo tubes DTA-53-1124, RBU-6000 "Smerch-2" and 12 depth charges in bomb releasers are used.
For a more efficient search for submarines, an innovative tactics of using the IPC has been developed. A group of "albatrosses" with the help of the lowered GAS "Shelon" at low speed "looks through" the depths behind the layer of the temperature jump. If the enemy is not detected, the IPC at full speed change the deployment zone and again, practically on the stop, continue the search. Thus, by means of "jumps" a large area of area survey is achieved, which provides a much greater probability of detecting the enemy.
To combat surface ships, coastal and air targets of the IPC, 76-mm artillery mounts AK-176, 30-mm six-barreled assault rifles AK-630M, SAM "Osa-MA" are used, which, by the way, hit ships and boats with high accuracy, MANPADS "Strela-3" or "Igla". Instead of depth charges, up to 18 mines of barrage can be received. “Albatrosses” are always involved in a wide range of missions by the command of the fleets. No wonder the commander-in-chief of the Soviet Navy, Admiral of the Soviet Union Fleet Sergei Gorshkov, called them the "workhorses" of the fleet. They were never exported, but they received high marks from foreign experts. In NATO, these small ships with a crew of 90 were even elevated to the class of "light frigates".
Now the Russian Navy lists 20 IPC projects 1124 (2 units) and 1124M (18 units) as part of the Pacific, Northern and Black Sea fleets. Another 6 MPK project 1331M, built in Wolgast during the existence of the GDR and very similar in characteristics to the ships of the 1124 family, are serving in the Baltic. This number is clearly not enough, especially considering the fact that all Russian small anti-submarine ships, due to their age, are "darned-darned".
Zelenodolsk Design Bureau has developed several versions of modernized projects of "albatrosses", which have been repeatedly demonstrated at international exhibitions of naval weapons. These IPCs are architecturally made according to the canons of stealth technology. But it is difficult to judge their anti-submarine weapons. It is simply not mentioned in the prospectuses. From the pictures, you can get an idea of the rocket and artillery equipment, which usually includes the "Broadsword" / "Palma" air defense system, the 76-mm AK-176M gun mount and the AK-630M assault rifle.
Although the IPC of Project 1124M and serve in the harsh waters of the North Pacific Ocean and the Barents Sea, these theaters are very difficult for them due to weather conditions. That is why for the Northern and Pacific fleets, it is possible to envisage the construction of anti-submarine ships of the near sea zone on the basis of patrol ships of project 1159. At one time, this project was developed by Zelenodolsk Design Bureau specifically for export supplies. Light frigates of this series received the naval forces of states friendly to the USSR. In some fleets, these ships continue to serve successfully.
What is their advantage? Since the displacement increased to 1760 tons, and the dimensions were 96.51x12.6x4.08 m, these TFR / frigates became more seaworthy compared to the IPC project 1124. The payload increased. They easily accommodate not only anti-submarine weapons, but also shock and anti-aircraft weapons. That is why Project 1159 can serve as a base platform for the development of ships in the near sea zone for the needs of the Northern and Pacific fleets.
As you can see, now the Russian design bureaus have rich reserves and have a wide range of new and even innovative projects of anti-submarine ships in the near sea zone. There are plenty to choose from. And here it is worth hurrying up. Otherwise, the Russian fleet will become defenseless against attacks by enemy submarines right at its bases.
AU - artillery mount;
BBK - White Sea-Baltic Canal; BSBR - bomb release;
Navy - Naval Forces;
Navy - Navy;
GAS - hydroacoustic station;
GK - commander-in-chief;
GTU - gas turbine unit;
DisKR - a battalion of patrol ships;
DKBF - Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet;
zav.№ - serial number;
SAM - anti-aircraft guided missile;
SAM - anti-aircraft missile system;
KamFlRS - Kamchatka flotilla of heterogeneous forces;
KBF - Red Banner Baltic Fleet;
KPUG - ship anti-submarine strike group;
KSF - Red Banner Northern Fleet;
KGOF - Red Banner Pacific Fleet;
KUG - Ship strike group;
KCHF - Red Banner Black Sea Fleet;
KSHU - Command post exercises;
KGB - State Security Committee;
LenNVMB - Leningrad Naval Base;
MPK - small anti-submarine ship;
MGGCh - maritime frontier units;
MRK - small rocket ship;
MCHPV - naval units of the border troops;
OBSKR - a separate brigade of patrol ships;
ARVI - military property sales department;
OS - experimental vessel;
RCC - anti-ship missile;
GShTA - anti-submarine torpedo tube,
PO - border district;
PSKR - border patrol ship;
PU - launcher;
RBU - rocket-propelled bomb launcher;
RSL - rocket depth charge;
RKA - missile boat;
RKVP - air cushion missile ship;
Radar - radar station;
RF - Russian Federation;
SakhFlRS - Sakhalin Flotilla of Diverse Forces;
SM - target ship;
SRZ - shipyard;
SSZ - shipyard;
SS MMF - rescue vessel of the Ministry of the Navy;
SF - Northern Fleet;
TA - torpedo tube;
TKA - torpedo boat;
Pacific Fleet - Pacific Fleet;
TTE - tactical and technical elements;
UPASR - Department of Underwater Rescue Operations;
FPS - Federal Border Service;
KHOZU - economic management;
Black Sea Fleet - Black Sea Fleet;
EU - power plant.
We express our sincere gratitude to the head of the Scientific Research Historical Group of the Navy, Captain 1st Rank M.S. Monakov, Captain 1st Rank A.A. Komarov, and A.M. Konogov for the help provided to our editorial staff in completing the manuscript of the reference book and its preparation. to print.
In preparing the schemes, materials from the following books were used: V.P. Kuzin, V.I.Nikolsky - The Navy of the USSR 1945 - 1991 - (St. Petersburg, Historical Marine Society, 1996); -History of domestic shipbuilding ", v.5 (St. Petersburg, Sudostroenie, 1996), as well as magazines" Shipbuilding "," Military parade and almanac "Typhoon".
This issue uses photographs from the collections of S. Berezhny, S. Balakin and V. Kostrichenko.
Small anti-submarine and small missile ships (according to the IVI Western classification - corvettes) are an important part of the Russian fleet. Their main purpose is anti-submarine defense and missile strikes against enemy surface forces in the near sea zone. This directory includes all representatives of the MPK and MRK classes of the USSR and Russian Navy, as well as their modifications PSKR projects 1124MP and 12412. The directory did not include large hunters of projects 122-a and 122-bis, as well as small anti-submarine boats of project 201.
Small anti-submarine ships of the project 204 - 63 units.
The first specially designed IPC of the Soviet Navy. They had an original propulsion system: propellers rotated by diesels were placed in pipes, into which air was injected, creating additional thrust. In this mode, the speed increased to 35 knots; without the use of afterburner, it was 17.5 knots. True, this had to be paid for with the high noise level of the installation. Three IPCs of Project 204 were transferred to Bulgaria, where they received the names "Naporisti", "Strogi" and "Flying"; three more - Romania, of which two were built in 1966-1967. according to the project 204E (RBU-6000 replacements for RBU-2500) specially for export.
MPK-45 (project 204), 1964
MPK-15 (serial number 801). 10/15/1958 enlisted in the lists of ships of the Navy and 11/26/1958 laid down on the slipway of Shipyard No. 532 im. B.E. Butomy in Kerch, launched on 03/30/1960, commissioned on 12/29/1960 and on 06/18/1964 included in the Black Sea Fleet. He was the lead ship of this project. On 5/5/1979 it was withdrawn from service and reclassified into the training IPC, and on 5/31/1984 was expelled from the Navy in connection with the delivery to the OFI for disarmament, dismantling and sale, and on 10/01/1984 was disbanded.
MPK-16 (serial number 802). 15.10.1958 enlisted in the lists of ships of the Navy and 17.1.1959 laid down on the slipway of Shipyard No. 532 named. B.E. Butomy in Kerch, launched on 07/27/1960, commissioned on 12/31/1960 and on 06/18/1964 included in the Black Sea Fleet. On 5/21/1981 he was expelled from the Navy in connection with the delivery to the OFI for disarmament, dismantling and sale, and on 10/1/1981 it was disbanded.
MPK-72 (serial number 803). 12.8.1959 laid down on the slipway of Shipyard N ° 532 named after B.E.Butomy in Kerch and on January 11, 1960 was enlisted in the lists of the Navy ships, launched on 12/30/1960, entered service on 9/30/1962 and on 6/18/1964 included in the Black Sea Fleet. On 1/1/1971 it was decommissioned, mothballed and laid to rest in Ochakovo, but on 1.8.1989 it was reactivated and re-commissioned. 04/19/1990 expelled from the Navy in connection with the delivery to the OFI for disarmament, dismantling and implementation, 10/1/1990 disbanded and subsequently cut into metal in Sevastopol.
MPK-75 (serial number 804). 18.10.1959 laid down on the slipway of Shipyard No. 532 named after B.E.Butomy in Kerch and on January 11, 1960 was enlisted in the lists of the Navy ships, launched on April 29, 1961, entered service on 10/26/1962 and on 6/18/1964 included in the Black Sea Fleet. In the period from 23.1.1984 to 22.5.1986 at the "Sevmorzavod" them. S. Ordzhonikidze in Sevastopol underwent a major overhaul. 06/26/1988 expelled from the Navy and 10/04/1988 transferred to the Sevastopol Maritime School DOSAAF for educational use.
MPK-88 (serial number 805). On 03/22/1960 laid down on the slipway of Shipyard No. 532 im. B.E.Butomy in Kerch and on 7/7/1961 enlisted in the lists of the Navy ships, launched on 8/25/1961, entered service
11/19/1962 and 6/18/1964 included in the Black Sea Fleet. On 10/30/1966 it was decommissioned, mothballed and put to rest in Ochakovo, but on 1.8.1971 it was reactivated and put back into operation. 06/25/1985 expelled from the Navy, 4.7.1985 transferred to the Sevastopol Maritime School DOSAAF for educational use and 10/1/1985 disbanded.
MPK-148 (serial number 806). 7/22/1960 laid down on the slipway of Shipyard No. 532 named after B.E. Butomy in Kerch, launched on January 18, 1962 and on February 16, 1962, enlisted in the lists of the Navy ships, entered service on December 28, 1962, and on 6/18/1964 included in the Black Sea Fleet. On September 1, 1971, it was withdrawn from service, mothballed and put on hold in Ochakovo, and on May 26, 1983, it was expelled from the USSR Navy in connection with the sale abroad.
MPK-169 (serial number 501). 4/15/1960 laid down on the stocks of the Khabarovsk Shipyard No. 638 named after CM. Kirov and on 7/7/1961 enlisted in the lists of the Navy ships, launched on 10/15/1961, entered service on 12/31/1962 and 6/18/1964 included in the Pacific Fleet. From 27.6.1974 was a part of KamFlRS KTOF. 28/05/1980 expelled from the Navy in connection with the delivery to the OFI for disarmament, dismantling and implementation, 11/01/1980 disbanded and soon in b. Cancer was planted on a coastal shallow.
MPK-79 (serial number 102). On 2/13/1960 enlisted in the lists of the Navy ships and on 8/19/1960 laid down on the slipway of Shipyard No. 340 "Krasny Metallist" them. A.M. Gorky in Zelenodolsk of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, launched on 7.6.1961 and soon transferred through the internal water systems to Severodvinsk for passing acceptance tests, entered service on 31.12.1962 and 18.6.1964 was included in the Federation Council. In the period from 3.9.1974 to 6.1.1975 at the SRZ-82 in the village. Roslyakovo has undergone an average renovation. On 5/31/1989 he was expelled from the Navy in connection with the delivery to the OFI for disarmament, dismantling and sale, and on 10/1/1989 it was disbanded and subsequently cut into metal in Murmansk.
Series 1124M: 21 knots (cruising), 32 knots (full)
Series 1124M: 2200 nautical miles at 14 knots, 1940 miles at 19 knots
Series 1124M: 86 people (including 9 officers)
Series 1124M: 1 - 76 mm / 60 AU AK-176, 1 x 6 - 30 mm AU AK-630 M,
Series 1124M: 1x12 213mm RBU-6000 bomb launcher
Small anti-submarine ships - project 1124(cipher "Albatross", NATO code designation - Grisha class corvette) - a type of small anti-submarine ships built in the 1970s-1980s for the USSR Navy as part of 2 main series (projects 1124 and 1124M). A "patrol" version of the ship was also developed.
Background
At the beginning of the 1960s, the Soviet fleet experienced a sharp increase in demand for new escort and anti-submarine ships of limited displacement. The new ships were supposed to ensure the deployment of Soviet SSBNs and submarines, to protect naval bases, formations of attack ships and convoys of ships in coastal areas. With the advent of new generation submarines with conventional and nuclear power plants in the leading maritime powers, the underwater threat has sharply increased in all operational zones of the Soviet Navy, including in the near sea zone. At the disposal of the USSR Navy were small anti-submarine ships of projects 122A and 122bis (369 ships were built), anti-submarine boats of project 199 (52 units were built), anti-submarine boats (MPK) of projects 201M and 201T (183 units were built), as well as relatively modern MPK project 204 (built from 63 to 66 ships). The disadvantages of the last project included weak air defense and insufficiently reliable AU "AK-725", while the experience of post-war local conflicts testified to an increasing threat to ships from aviation, therefore, the IPC of project 204 became obsolete at the time of construction, and the reserve for modernization of these ships due to the relatively small displacement, it was absent.
Design history
Tactical and technical assignment
The Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy S.G. Gorshkov was instructed to develop a new small anti-submarine ship with increased air defense and anti-aircraft defense capabilities. The Soviet Navy, according to Gorshkov's idea, was to receive a new powerful anti-submarine ship for the near and coastal sea zones, which is a development of Project 204. For the first time in the practice of Soviet military shipbuilding, a small displacement combat ship was to be armed with a self-defense air defense system and a powerful towed sonar station.
The tactical and technical assignment (TTZ) for the design of the MPK under the code "Albatross" was issued to Zelenodolsk TsKB-340 in 1963. The chief designer of the project was the head of the bureau, Yu. A. Nikolsky, and the chief observer from the Navy was an employee of the Central Research Institute of Military Shipbuilding, Captain 2nd Rank I. V. Kozlovsky, who took part in the development of TT3 "Albatross". Progressive for the early 1960s, technical solutions in the field of ship power and propulsion systems were used in the design of the ship by teams of designers under the leadership of A.V. Kunakhovich and A.P. Myshakin.
Particular attention in TT3 was paid to limiting the displacement of the future ship to 800 tons, ensuring the possibility of long-term maintenance of a relatively low speed when searching for an enemy submarine, as well as the ability to immediately develop a full speed of at least 35 knots when attacking. As the best option, a combined three-shaft diesel-gas turbine power plant was chosen, already tested on patrol ships of projects and 159A.
The choice of the most optimal hull contours of the future ship was limited by the rigid framework of the proposed TTZ. In order to achieve the required 35-knot full speed with a standard displacement of 800 tons, the designers proposed combined hull contours, combining the advantages of sharp-chinned and round-chinned; At the same time, when designing, the question arose of the need to optimize the seaworthiness of the ship's hull and its propulsion, subject to the presence of a large winged fairing of the GAS (the dimensions of the fairing strongly influenced the overall alignment and driving performance of the ship). The freeboard had to be given a complex shape; along the side were smoothed longitudinal ledges ("ridges") to reduce splashing and flooding of the deck. During the serial construction of ships, the use of these ledges was abandoned for reasons of manufacturability.
The TTZ of the project clearly stipulated the required composition of weapons. On the ship of the project being developed, a sonar circular search station of the "Argun" type was to be installed with an emitter antenna in an under-keel fairing, a lowered GAS "Shelon", two twin-tube 5Z3-mm PLO torpedo tubes, two rocket-propelled bomb launchers and a 57 mm twin self-defense artillery installation.
Preliminary design
In June 1964, the command of the USSR Navy and the leadership of the Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry reviewed the draft design of the project 1124 small anti-submarine ship presented by the designers.
Based on the results of the consideration of the draft design, the command of the Navy and the Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry made a joint decision to install the Osa-M (4K-33) self-defense air defense system on the ships of the project with an ammunition load of 20 anti-aircraft guided missiles (SAM) 9M-3Z (envisaged at the stage of the avan-project, the additional volumes of the hull made it possible to do this). Initially, it was proposed to place the ZIF-122 type SAM launcher retractable under the deck in the aft end of the hull (this decision was insisted on by the SAM developers, who considered it necessary to place a launcher and a firing radar nearby), and the 3IF-72 artillery mount (AK -725 "), with increased firing angles, move to the bow of the ship. But in the final version of the draft design, the 3RK was placed by the designers in the bow of the hull, and the artillery mount took place in the stern.
The anti-submarine armament included two twelve-barreled rocket launchers RBU-6000, two twin-tube rotary 533-mm torpedo tubes and depth charges. As a result of the development of the draft design, the ship was equipped with a keel and towed hydroacoustic station, which sharply increased the ship's capabilities in searching for and detecting enemy submarines.
Technical project
The technical design of the Project 1124 small anti-submarine ship was completed in 1965. The result of the development of the technical project was the implementation of almost all the requirements of the TTZ of the Navy. The designers created a "heavily armed high-speed anti-submarine ship" and met the full displacement of 900 tons. The technical design was reviewed in the summer of 1966.
For the development of a small anti-submarine ship of project 1124, a group of leading specialists of the Zelenodolsk Design Bureau (formerly TsKB-340) was awarded the State Prize of the USSR.
Appointment
The assignment of the ships of the project 1124 according to the tactical and technical assignment was to ensure the deployment of Soviet SSBNs, the protection of naval bases and formations of attack ships and convoys of ships in the coastal areas (the waters of the Baltic and Black Seas, the Kola, Amur and Ussuri bays and Avacha Bay with adjacent areas). The combat operation of ships in complex naval theaters (Northern and Pacific fleets) did not involve the use of ships on the high seas.
Construction history
In total, 88 out of 90 laid down ships of various series were built, including 76 small anti-submarine ships of modifications 1124 and 1124M (5 ships of project 1124M served as border patrol ships), as well as 12 border patrol ships 1124P.
Projects 1124 and 1124P
MPK-170 project 1124.
During the tests of the lead ship, it was necessary to abandon the exotic "freeboard ridges", which complicated the technology of manufacturing hull structures, and to simplify the geometry of the protruding parts of the hull when developing working documentation.
Project 1124M
MPK-89 project 1124M.
In 1976, under the leadership of Yu.A. Nikolsky, under the chief observer of the Navy, Captain 2nd Rank A.P. Demeshevich, the so-called abbreviated technical project 1124M was developed - the next (and most radical) modification of the 1124 project. The ships of the modified project were equipped with more modern weapons: the new 76-mm AK-176 gun, the Strela-3 portable anti-aircraft missile systems and the more powerful Topaz-2V general detection radar.
Another difference between the new ship and the basic design was the use of the KTU-77 remote-controlled weapon complex with TEST-3 torpedoes. Due to the high density of the layout of the original project and the lack of free space, it was decided to abandon the right bomb launcher, and use the vacated rooms to accommodate the complex's instruments. The total weight of the complex's instruments placed on the ship was 1200 kg. The modification of the project led to an overload and an increase in displacement by more than 30 tons. The standard displacement of the modified project increased by almost 10%. According to the NATO code system, the modified project 1124M was designated as a Grisha-5 class corvette. The construction of ships of this modification was started in 1982. Until 1994, 38 ships of project 1124M were built, of which five ships were received from the Khabarovsk shipyard by the sea units of the border troops of the KGB of the USSR, and three more ships, which were supposed to be transferred to the border guards, were not completed.
Design
Hull and superstructure
The body is recruited along the longitudinal dialing system with a spacing of 500 mm. The thickness of the outer skin ranges from 6-8 mm, the second bottom is 5 mm thick, and the thickness of the decks, platform and main bulkheads is 4 mm. There is no reservation for the main command post and the vital centers of the ship. Eleven watertight bulkheads reaching the upper deck, the hull is divided into twelve compartments. The hull has an upper and lower decks, below them there is a platform, a hold and a double bottom.
With a standard displacement of 800 tons, a normal displacement of 850 tons, the wetted surface area is 642 m², the coefficient of completeness of the mid-frame is 0.652, and the coefficient of overall completeness is 0.420.
The ship's superstructures are made of AMG-5V aluminum-magnesium alloy to facilitate the structure. The bow superstructure occupies almost a third of the hull length. Internal baffles and a number of foundations of individual devices are made of aluminum-magnesium alloys, due to which it was possible to lower the position of the ship's center of gravity and reduce the total mass of the hull structure. The double bottom space is almost 90% of the hull length and is used for storing fresh water and fuel supplies.
Due to the more powerful armament, in comparison with the IPC of project 204, the displacement of the new ship has more than doubled.
Power plant
The main power plant of the ship is a three-shaft, diesel-gas turbine echelon type. The ship's power plant is an analogue of the power plant of patrol ships of project 159, but unlike the latter, a gas turbine engine of the M-8M type with a capacity of 18,000 liters works on the middle shaft of the power plant of project 1124. with. (used as an afterburner), and one M-507A1 diesel engine with a capacity of 10,000 liters works for each side shaft. with .
The power plant is located in autonomous echelons in two compartments, in the fore and aft engine rooms. In the stern echelon there are two main cruising four-stroke, reversible, one hundred and twelve-cylinder M-507A diesel engines with gas turbine supercharging weighing 17 tons. In the forward echelon there is an M-8M GTU operating on a middle shaft with a propeller with a diameter of 2.4 m. a five-minute pre-heating phase. The technical resource of the turbine is 10,000 hours. The gas outlet pipe 6a is located above the bow engine room and was led out into the rectangular chimney.
The power plant of the Project 1124 ships includes three diesel generators (DG-500, DG-300 and DG-200). Diesel generators provide the ship with three-phase alternating current with a voltage of 380 V and a frequency of 50 Hz.
The main diesel engines and the gas turbine unit are controlled from the control panel using an automated remote control system. There is an EK-3 electric compressor and a DK-2-3 diesel compressor, an auxiliary boiler KVA 1.0 / 5 M (with a working steam pressure of 5 kg / cm²). Control of the ship's energy is carried out using two main switchboards (main switchboards) "PMZh-7905-6361" and "PMZh-7906-6331", a switchboard and expansion joints "EK-2".
The speed of the ships of the project only under diesel engines can reach 22 knots with a freely rotating middle shaft. According to other sources, the full speed of the first ships of the project 1124 during the operation of diesel engines and a gas turbine exceeded 36.1 knots, and for ships of the project 1124M it reaches 32 knots. Under one diesel engine, the ship can reach a speed of 7 knots, under two diesel engines - 16 knots, and when using only a gas turbine engine - 21-22 knots.
Autonomy
The normal supply of fuel on small anti-submarine ships of project 1124 is 1Z4 tons, the ship could take 143 tons of fuel for overload. The supply of oil is 10.5 tons, fresh water - 27.2 tons. The supply of provisions on the ships of project 1124 is taken at the rate of 7 days of autonomy, and on ships of project 1124M - for 9 days of autonomy. The cruising range of the ship at full speed is 950 nautical miles, at a speed of 14 knots - 2750 nautical miles and at a speed of 10 knots - 4000 nautical miles.
General ship devices
Steering gear
The steering device is represented by two balancing rudders, a two-cylinder electro-hydraulic steering machine R-14 with a piston drive for the steering wheel, two electrically conductive variable displacement pumps (in the afterpeak and in the tiller compartment) and an automatic steering system "Python-211". Balanced rudders of streamlined shape are made of steel СXL-45; rudder feather weight with filler - 810 kg; forged steel rudder stock weight - 365 kg. The rudder shift angle does not exceed 36.5 °.
Anchor and mooring device
The ship's anchor and mooring device of the SHER 1/3 type is located in the bow of the ship and consists of an anchor and mooring electro-hydraulic capstan of the ZHE or SHEG-12 type, which provides anchorage at a nominal depth of up to 50 m and the etching of the anchor and anchor-chain at a speed not below 23 meters per minute. The control panel of the device is located in the wheelhouse, the control post is at the breakwater. The anchoring device consists of two Hall anchors weighing 500 kg each and two anchor chains of 200 meters length of increased strength, with 28 mm spacers, chain stops, deck and anchor haws, chain boxes under the forepeak platform. The mooring device consists of four steel cables with a diameter of 23.5 mm and a length of 220 m, six bollards, six bale bars and three views. In the stern of the ship there is a mooring spire Ш3 with a cable haulage speed of 15 meters per minute.
Bow thruster
In the tiller compartment of the ship, in the center plane, a thruster is installed, designed to keep the small anti-submarine ship on a stop counter to the wave. The device can effectively operate at sea waves up to 4 points and wind strength up to 5 points and is able to turn the ship to the required angle at sea waves up to 3 points with lowered GAS "MG-Z39T" "Shelon".
The thruster includes a retractable propelling and steering column "P-159M", equipped with an electro-hydraulic lifting (lowering) drive and electromechanical drives for the rotation of the screw and rotation of the column, the UK3K control system, a metal mesh fence, a 50-liter hydraulic tank, a power supply system and a special constructive niche with a metal grill in the aft part of the ship's hull. The non-working "P-159M" column rises into the ship's hull; it can also be in a lowered state, but according to strength conditions, the speed of the ship should not exceed 8 knots. The column is controlled remotely from the wheelhouse using the UK3K system or from the backup control panel in the tiller compartment. There is also a manual emergency steering column control. The power supply of the thruster is carried out from the main switchboard No. 1, 2 through automatic machines A-3334; the dispenser is started using a DSDG-500 diesel generator or, in parallel operation, two diesel generators (DG-200 and DG-300). To prevent freezing of the device, it is heated with steam. Due to technical limitations, it is not recommended to perform more than 12 thrusters during an hour.
Rescue device
Life-saving appliances on small anti-submarine ships of this project are represented by a YaL-6 lifeboat, four PSN-10M inflatable liferafts (each for 10 people), ten lifebuoys and individual ISS life jackets (for each crew member). Some ships of the project were also equipped with other options for life-saving appliances.
Seaworthiness
The shape of the bow contours in the form of an "ax" in operation was unsuccessful. The ship "chops" the wave, while at the same time it is heavily splashed and flooded, has a sharp pitching motion. The diameter of the circulation of small anti-submarine ships of project 1124 does not exceed 7 ship lengths with a roll angle of no more than 12 °.
Habitability
The number of the crew of the ships of the project 1124 according to the states of 1974 was 83 people: 9 officers, 12 warrant officers and 62 foremen and sailors of the conscript service. On the ships of project 1124, the number was increased by 3 people. The number of the crew of the border patrol ships was 79 people, including 9 officers.
During the development of the project, increased attention was paid to the habitability of the ship. The ships were equipped with year-round cooling and air conditioning systems in living quarters, service premises and at combat posts, which made it possible to maintain normal temperature, humidity, cleanliness and air changeability in the ships' premises. The ships are also equipped with space heating and ventilation systems, utility steam pipelines and a fresh water system.
Armament
Radio-technical weapons
General detection and targeting systems
On small anti-submarine ships of project 1124, the radar for detecting air and surface targets "MR-302" ("Cabin"), operating in the radio wave range of 3-10 cm in length, were used as radio technical means of general detection; the detection range of this air target radar (VTS) reaches 98 km, and the detection range of surface targets is 25 km. Ships of project 1124M are equipped with a more powerful general detection radar "MP-320" "Topaz-2V", operating in the radio wave range 10-12 cm long; the detection range of this air target radar reaches 100 km, and the detection range of surface targets is 40 km. The last ships of the 1124M modification had the Frigat-MA.1 (MP-755) as a general detection radar with a phased antenna array and an air target detection range of up to 250 km.
On ships of the base project 1124, target designation to artillery systems is provided by the MR-10Z (Bars) radar with a target detection range of 205 cables (40 km) at a target speed of up to 705 m / s; The MR-103 radar can also be used for navigation purposes. On the MPK of later modifications, the control of artillery fire of the AU AK-176M and AK-630M is carried out by the MR-123-02 (Vympel-221) radar with a target detection range of up to 45 km in the absence of electronic interference and up to 30 km in their presence.
Means of electronic intelligence and electronic warfare
To conduct electronic reconnaissance on small anti-submarine ships of project 1124, a station for detecting the operation of the enemy radar "Bizan-4B" with a detection range of 155 cables (28 km) was installed. The station preparation time for operation is 90 s, the continuous operation time is 48 hours. On the ships of the upgraded project 1124M, instead of the Bizan-4B station, the Vympel-P2 electronic reconnaissance radar is located.
Radio communication and equipment for special purposes
Stable radio communication on the ships of Project 1124 is provided by a wide range of radio receivers and radio transmitters, including: two R-654, three R-625, two T-612, T-225, two T-606 , "R-105", two "R-680", "R-676", two "R-758" and a hammer drill, "DKM-80", "Volna-K", two NPCHU, "R-069", "L-460.5", five POO, three VPS, "PTK-3K", "KMA-6", "KVR", the equipment of the ZAS "PTK-39", "P-400K" and several antennas: two "K-698 "," K-698-2 "," Twin ", two whip antennas" Ш-10 ", three whip antennas" Ш-6 ".
The ships are equipped with special-purpose equipment: "Zvezda", "Violet" ("082"), "067", "KMG-12" and the product "6730-6S".
Hydroacoustic weapons
The hydroacoustic armament of small anti-submarine ships of the base project 1124 consisted of two hydroacoustic stations (GAS): the under-keel GAS "Argun", operating in the echo direction finding mode at ship speeds of 14 and 25 knots, and the lowered GAS "Shelon", operating only at a stop as in the echo mode - and noise direction finding. The detection range of GAS "Argun" is within 2 - 10 km, and GAS "Shelon" - within 2 - 50 km. The two-stage search cycle for enemy submarines consisted of a search for a submarine on the stop using the Shelon GAS and the subsequent movement of the ship at full speed with the Shelon raised GAS to the submarine's detection area to search for it and attack it with a subtle GAS.
On small anti-submarine ships of project 1124M, the GAS "Argun" was replaced by a more powerful GAS "Platina" or "Platina-M" with an underwater target detection range of up to 15 km; and noise direction finding.
State identification system
Navigational weapons
The ship's navigational armament consists of the Kurs-5 gyrocompass, the AP-4 auto-plotter, the MGL-50 log, the NEL-5 echo sounder, the 127-mm magnetic compass UKMP-3, KUS-9U, the KIV ship wind meter, the ARP-50R radio direction finder, thermoprobe T30-21G, KPM "Hals" and KPI-5F, 18 nautical hours, two stopwatches, anemometer, sextant SNO-T, hydrograph, thermometer, thermograph, two magnetic 75-mm boat compasses, a star globe and a set of maps of the navigation area.
Anti-aircraft missile armament
The Osa-M anti-aircraft missile system, deployed on the Project 1124 ships, is designed to provide air defense and destroy single air targets. The complex is located in the bow of the ship. The air defense missile system includes a two-boom launcher "ZIF-122", which is in an inoperative position under the deck of the tank in a special cellar and during the transition from a stowed position to a combat position, it rises together with two ready-to-launch anti-aircraft missiles, a missile feed and reload system, a 4P control system -33 and ammunition of 20 anti-aircraft missiles 9M-33. The rate of fire of the air defense missile system is two launches per minute when firing at air targets and 2.8 launches when firing at surface targets, the launcher reload time does not exceed 16-21 s.
SAM "Osa-M" is able to ensure the destruction of targets flying at a speed of 300 m / s at altitudes of 200-5000 m and at a distance of up to 9000 m (for supersonic targets - 7100), at low altitudes (50-100), the range of target destruction is reduced up to 4000-6000 m. The modernized Osa-MA air defense system, which was adopted in 1979 by the USSR Navy, had an increased range of destruction of air targets (15 km) at altitudes of 15 m.
MANPADS "Strela-3"
The low rate of fire of the Osa family of air defense systems does not allow them to repel the simultaneous attacks of several air targets or anti-ship missiles, for this reason, at the beginning of the 21st century, all modifications of the Osa air defense system are outdated and ineffective weapons.
Artillery armament
The artillery of small anti-submarine ships of the basic project 1124 is represented by one double-barreled artillery mount (AU) AK-725 of 57 mm caliber, located in the aft part of the hull. The AU turret is unarmored and made of a 6 mm thick duralumin alloy with a polyurethane foam coating on the inner surface (to prevent fogging). In the turret AU are placed in one cradle two 57-mm / 75 assault rifles "ZiF-74" with a total ammunition of 1100 rounds and a rate of fire of 200 rounds per minute with a continuous burst length of 100 rounds. AC calculation - 2 people. Horizontal guidance angles - 200 ° on both sides. AU weight - 3.9 tons. Firing range - 8420 m (6950 m for self-liquidator). Aiming of guns is carried out either from a remote control panel or remotely from a fire control radar of the MR-103 "Bars" type with a maximum target detection range of 40 km.
The low efficiency of the 57-mm projectile with a proximity fuse, shown in practice, influenced the strengthening of the naval artillery of the ships of the upgraded project 1124M. A single-barreled automatic 76-mm / 59 turret-type AK-176 with 152 rounds of ammunition is located at the place where the AK-725 is installed. The AU tower is made of an aluminum-magnesium alloy AMg-61 with a thickness of 4 mm. Calculation - 2 people (4 people in the mode of manual supply of ammunition). The angles of horizontal guidance on both sides do not exceed 175 °. AU weight - 10.45 tons.
On the stern superstructure of the Project 1124M ships, to combat low-flying anti-ship missiles, there is a six-barreled 30-mm / 54.5 AU AK-630M with a tape magazine for 2000 rounds and a spare tape for 1000 rounds, stored in a barbette in a special bunker. The weight of the AU without ammunition and spare parts is 1.85 tons. The total weight of the assault rifle with the control system is 9114 kg. The firing range is 4000 m. In the standard mode, firing is carried out in 4-5 bursts of 20-25 shots, starting from the maximum range, at the most effective fire distance, fire is fired in bursts of 400 shots with an interval between bursts of 3-5 s.
Anti-submarine and torpedo armament
In the bow of the superstructure of the Project 1124 MPK, two 12-barreled rocket-propelled bombs with mechanical loading "RBU-6000" are located on board. On ships of the 1124M modification, only the left installation was left; in the place of the right installation, a salute cannon was installed on some ships. Under the installations in the underdeck room there are cellars for 96 (on Project 1124M ships - 48) depth charges of the RSL-60 caliber 212 mm (projectile weight - 11.5 kg, charge - 23.5 kg. a special lift, without an exit serving the installation of the calculation on the upper deck Limiting angles of guidance RBU-6000 in the horizontal plane along the heading angle: from 0 ° to + 170 °; in the vertical plane from - 90 ° to + 65 °. Guidance speed in automatic mode 30 ° / s, with manual guidance - no more than 4 ° / s Automatic reloading speed - 3 minutes, manual - 24 minutes RBU-6000 firing range is within 1.2 - 5.8 km.
RBU received target designation from the ship's GAS by transferring the received bearing and distance to the submarine to the Tempest fire control device (PUSB) system, which generated the RBU horizontal and vertical guidance angles; then electric power drives guided the RBU at continuously generated angles and held the settings at the required angles when firing; the depths of the explosion of the bombs were introduced into the detonators of the depth charges remotely using the PUSB on command from the main command post of the ship. Rocket launchers could be used in rough seas up to 8 points and conduct both salvo and single firing with intervals between volleys of 0.3 s.
The torpedo armament of the ships of the project consists of two twin-tube rotary torpedo tubes of the DTD53-1124 brand, installed side by side behind the bow superstructure. Torpedo tubes are equipped with a remote automatic device for entering torpedoes of the current angle (ATU.1) and have an air firing system. Before firing, the torpedo tubes are deployed at a fixed angle of 27 °. Firing from the devices can be carried out as anti-ship torpedoes of the 53-65K brand or anti-submarine torpedoes of the SET-53, SET-53M and SET-65 brands. Ships of project 1124M are equipped with the KTU-77 "Terek" remote-controlled weapon system. For firing, the TEST-3 torpedo is used, created on the basis of the TEST-71 torpedo. The TEST-3 electric torpedo has a cruising range of 15-20 km, a speed of 25 and 40 knots, a cruising depth of 20-400 m, as well as a gear change to reduce its own noise level. The torpedo's range of 20 km is achieved under the condition of 50% of its movement time at a speed of 23-25 knots. The length of the wire in the torpedo coil for telecontrol is 20 km, in the ship coil - 5 km. The torpedo homing system is acoustic, active-passive, two-plane, with a response radius of 1000 m along the active channel. Proximity fuse - sonar, circular action, with a response radius of 10 m.
Modernization
The subsequent development of Project 1124 with the installation of more modern weapons on it did not take place due to the lack of a project of modernization displacement reserves for the ships. “The project has exhausted itself and the country's Navy in the 1980s. already fundamentally new ships were required. A kind of enlarged version of the IPC of project 1124 was also the patrol ship of project 1159, created in the Zelenodolsk design bureau under the leadership of the same Yu.A. Nikolsky for export supplies to "socialist and developing" countries. "
Combat survivability
The unsinkability of the project ship was ensured when any three adjacent compartments were flooded, both with normal and full displacement. The emergency static roll in this case should not exceed 13 °. In the event that the freeboard is less than 0.5 meters, the ship may capsize.
The fire protection of the engine rooms of small anti-submarine ships of Project 1124 was relatively weak. The liquid fire extinguishing station was quickly discharged (freon was supplied to one or two fire-hazardous rooms) and was unsuitable for reuse. The steam extinguishing system was low-power, in addition to it, the ship was equipped with a single-wire fire-fighting water main with water outlets to consumers. Two fire pumps of the NTs8-16O180 brand with a capacity of 160 m³ of water per hour are switched on automatically from the pressure switch, manually - from the pump installation site or remotely - from the PESH (power and survivability post).
The chemical weapons of the ships included two VPKhR devices (military chemical reconnaissance device), four KRBG and one FPU, KRVP and KID-6G each. Project 1124 MPCs are also equipped with a demagnetizing device, a universal water protection system (USVZ), a room ventilation system, emergency cooling systems for the main engines and seawater supply.
Used
- the USSR
- Russia
- Ukraine- during the division of the Black Sea Fleet of the USSR on August 1, two ships of Project 1124 - MPK-43 (until 15.02.1992 "Odessa Komsomolets") and MPK-52 were transferred to Ukraine. In the Ukrainian Navy, the ships were reclassified into corvettes and renamed U209 "Sumy" (Ukrainian Sumi) and U210 "Kherson" (Ukrainian Kherson), respectively. Withdrawn from the fleet and decommissioned: "Sumy" - in a year, "Kherson" - in a year. In addition, on January 19, the State Border Service of Ukraine transferred to the Navy two ships of Project 1124P - PSKR Dnepr and Izmail. Reclassified into corvettes and renamed to U206 "Vinnitsa" (Ukr. Vinnytsia) and U205 "Chernigov" (Ukr. Chernigiv), respectively. In the year "Chernigov" was withdrawn from the fleet and decommissioned. The most running corvettes of the Ukrainian Navy are completed in the post-Soviet period IPC project 1124M U205 (up to 2007 U200)"Lutsk" (Ukrainian Lutsk), entered into the fleet on 02/12/1994 and U209 "Ternopil" (Ukrainian Ternopil), entered into the fleet on 02/16/2006
- Lithuania - during the division of the Baltic Fleet of the USSR, on October 29, two Project 1124 ships of the 2nd series - MPK-44 ("Komsomolets of Latvia") and MPK-108 were transferred to Lithuania without the right to sell to third countries. In the Lithuanian Navy, the ships were reclassified as frigates (lit. fregatos) and renamed F-11 emaitis (lit. emaitis) and F-12 Aukštaitis (lit. Aukštaitis), respectively. Withdrawn from the fleet and decommissioned: emaitis - October 22, Aukštaitis - November 18.
Organizational and staff structure
Soviet NavyAt the time of the collapse of the USSR, the Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet consisted of only four ships of Project 1124; all of them were part of the 109th anti-submarine battalion of the 118th brigade of the OVR ships and were based at the Liepaja naval base.
At the beginning of the 1990s, the Red Banner Northern Fleet had 27 albatrosses. The ships were part of the 141st separate anti-submarine battalion (naval base Linakhamari), the anti-submarine battalion of the Severodvinsk brigade of the OVR ships (naval base Severodvinsk), the 58th submarine division of the 67th brigade of the OVR ships (naval base Port-Vladimir), the 12th division anti-submarine ships of the 2nd brigade of the OVR ships (VMB Gremikha) and the 2nd division of the 77th guards brigade of anti-submarine ships (VMB Polyarny).
Russian Navy
In 2008, the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy consisted of 7 small anti-submarine ships of project 1124M: MPK-14 Monchegorsk was part of the 270th Guards Pechenga Red Banner Division of the MPK of the 7th brigade of water area security ships (basing point - Olenya Guba), MPK-59 "Snezhnogorsk", MPK-194 "Brest", MPK-203 "Yunga"); the 43rd battalion of ships for the protection of the water area (basing point - Severodvinsk) included MPK-7 "Onega", MPK-130 "Naryan-Mar" and MPK-139.
The Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy for 2008 included 10 small anti-submarine ships of project 1124M: the 11th division of ships for the protection of the water area (basing point - Vladivostok) included ships of project 1124M MPK-17, MPK-28, MPK-64 "Blizzard ", MPK-221" Primorsky "and MPK-222; ships of the project 1124M MPK-82, MPK-107, MPK-178 served as part of the 117th division of the MPK of the 114th brigade of the OVR (basing point - the Zavoiko peninsula); the battalion of ships for the protection of the water area of the Sovgavan naval region (basing point - Sovetskaya Gavan) included ships of the project 1124M MPK-125 "Sovetskaya Gavan" and MPK-191 "Kholmsk".
Small anti-submarine ships of Project 1124 and 1124M are not included in the Baltic Fleet.
The Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy includes 6 small anti-submarine ships of projects 1124 and 1124M for a year:
400th division of anti-submarine ships of the 68th brigade of ships for the protection of the water area (basing point - Sevastopol, Yuzhnaya Bay)
- "Aleksandrovets" w / n 059 (until July 2004 MPK-49) project 1124;
- "Muromets" w / n 064 (until April 1999 MPK-134) project 1124M;
- "Suzdalets" w / n 071 (until April 1999 MPK-118) project 1124M.
- "Povorino" w / n 053 (up to 1999 MPK-207) project 1124M;
- "Yeisk" w / n 054 (until September 1999 MPK-217) project 1124M;
- "Kasimov" w / n 055 (up to 2001 MPK-199) project 1124M.
Small anti-submarine ships of project 1124, which are part of the Ukrainian Navy, are classified as corvettes and are part of the 5th brigade of surface ships (Novoozernoe, Lake Donuzlav).
Service history
In the 1970s and 1980s, Project 1124 ships were on combat service in the Northern, Baltic, Pacific and Black Sea fleets of the USSR Navy, searching for and pursuing enemy submarines. Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Sergei Georgievich Gorshkov called the ships of this project "the workhorse of the fleet."
In addition to the detection and pursuit of foreign submarines, "albatrosses" carried out the escort of individual ships and caravans in dangerous areas. In 1990-1991, during the civil war in Ethiopia, the MPK-118 "Komsomolets Moldavii" carried out military service in the Red Sea. On October 19, 1990, while Komsomolets Moldavia was escorting a convoy of two large landing ships, the Sheksna tanker and the Paravan sea minesweeper, a detachment of Soviet ships was fired upon from Cape Karoli and Asarka Severnaya Island by two coastal batteries of Eritrean separatists who fired at the head of a small anti-submarine the ship has 6 122-mm shells and 3 unguided Grad-type shells. With return fire, Komsomolets Moldavii suppressed both batteries and destroyed the enemy's ammunition depot, for which the ship's commander and 10 members of his crew received government awards. During the entire period of military service in the Red Sea, "Komsomolets Moldavii" successfully conducted more than 30 convoys.
Small anti-submarine ships of project 1124 were also used in combat service in the Mediterranean Sea.
Project evaluation
Small anti-submarine ships of project 1124 became the milestone ships of the Soviet fleet, "the most massive and very successful representatives of their class in the Russian fleet." All the best achievements of Soviet shipbuilding were embodied in the ships of this project. For the early 1970s, small anti-submarine ships of Project 1124 had improved anti-submarine capabilities due to the use of two hydroacoustic stations (under the keel and lowered on the foot), for the first time on ships of relatively small displacement the Oca-M anti-aircraft missile system was installed. Thanks to this, "albatrosses" for their time were well-armed ships.
As well as other Soviet small anti-submarine ships, representatives of project 1124 surpass all foreign counterparts in anti-submarine capabilities, air defense systems and driving performance. But in comparison with the latest foreign multipurpose ships of the "corvette" or "small frigate" class, they are inferior to the latter in terms of strike capabilities (anti-ship missile complexes were not installed on Soviet ships of this class) and in terms of illumination of the surface and underwater situation
Notes (edit)
- V. V. Kostrichenko"Albatross" sentinel at sea. History of the ships of project 1124. - M .: Voennaya kniga, 2005. - P. 12. - 166 p. - ISBN 5-902863-04-X
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