Leading technologies and innovations in the field of lighting. New lighting technologies - LEDs Types of interior lighting

In the last decade, there has been an intensive development of lighting technologies. LED devices are gaining more and more popularity, which provide high-quality lighting of objects, are distinguished by a long service life and cost-effectiveness in use. High competition forces LED manufacturers to reduce the cost of their products and expand their functionality.

21st century trends in indoor lighting

The 21st century was marked by the development of new LED lighting technologies, which are significantly ahead of incandescent lamps and fluorescent equipment in terms of their efficiency. Scientists from different countries are conducting research on materials and methods for the production of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which makes it possible to actively improve products. The advantages of LED lighting fixtures include the following characteristics.

Energy efficiency and economy

LEDs are much more economical light sources than their counterparts. Thus, the light output of LEDs is 120–150 lumens/watt, while for fluorescent lamps this indicator is only 60–100, and for incandescent and halogen lamps it is only 10–24.

The use of LEDs allows you to save money on preventive and repair measures. There is also no risk of overloading the power grid when the fixtures are turned on, and losses on the power lines are minimized. This is due to the fact that the current consumed by LED devices is 0.6–0.9 A (for gas appliances - about 2.2 A).

Environmental friendliness and safety

This equipment is environmentally friendly and does not require special conditions for maintenance and disposal. It is fire and electrical safe, can be used under water and in rooms with high humidity. Also, LEDs, unlike luminescent counterparts, do not emit mercury vapor and do not contain phosphorus. They do not have the negative effect of low-frequency pulsations that cause eye fatigue.

Stability and duration of work

The average life of LEDs is about 50,000 hours, which is 10-100 times longer than incandescent lamps. In addition, the luminous flux and luminous intensity of LEDs do not change over time (traditional lamps show a decrease in luminous flux by 40–60% already in the first months of use).

These lighting devices are equipped with aluminum alloy housings and polycarbonate glasses, which makes them durable, reliable and vibration resistant. They operate in a wide range - 80-230 V, so they function properly in conditions of voltage drops. So, if the voltage drops to 110 V, the conventional lamps turn off, and the LED devices continue to perform their functions (although their brightness decreases).

LED lamps have proved themselves in the best way in severe weather conditions. Conventional lamps used for street lighting do not start satisfactorily at -20°C. And LEDs work properly at temperatures down to -60 ° C.

Improving Color Quality

The high radiation contrast provided by LED lamps makes it possible to increase the clarity of illuminated objects and improve color rendering (its index is 75–85 Ra, for incandescent lamps - 68, for sodium lamps - 25). The efficiency of using the luminous flux in these lighting devices reaches 100%, while for standard street lamps it does not exceed 75%.

Intelligent control

Leading developers of lighting equipment offer devices that can be controlled, for example, through mobile devices. In particular, the user has the ability to program the lights on and off, adjust the operating modes for various life situations, change the color of the radiation, etc.

Expansion of scopes of LED lighting and active development of LED technologies

Thanks to the active development of lighting technologies, LED lamps began to be actively used in residential and office premises, as well as on the streets. LED devices are used to organize non-standard lighting systems, to illuminate billboards and shop windows, landscape design elements, and building facades.

New LED Lighting Technologies: Innovative Developments and Solutions

The active development of energy-saving LED lighting technologies has led to the fact that the global sales of LED devices in 2013 increased to 14.4 billion dollars, and by 2018 may reach 25.9 billion. Increasing sales growth rates are supported by the reduction in LED prices to a level that makes it profitable to replace traditional lamps with LED ones. If until 2012 LEDs were most actively used to illuminate displays and TV screens, now more than 50% of the market falls on these lighting systems.

The bulk of sales of LED devices are provided by Japanese (Nichia Corporation, Everlight Electronics, etc.) and South Korean (Seoul Semiconductor, LG, etc.) manufacturers. The former account for about 27–32% of the market, while the latter account for about 26–27%. In the US, sales growth is provided by 3 companies - Cree, Veeco Instruments, Applied Materials, in Europe - only one - Philips Lighting (Netherlands). About 68% of sales of LED equipment fall to the share of the above eight manufacturers. However, in recent years, enterprises from Taiwan (13 companies) and China (9 enterprises) have been actively involved in ensuring sales growth.

In the development of lighting technologies, there are such trends as the consolidation of manufacturers (due to lower prices for goods, and, accordingly, profits), intellectualization of products, growth in sales of medium and high power devices, and the development of the production of power supplies for LEDs. Today, scientists are working on the implementation of the following innovative solutions.

GaN-LEDs on silicon substrates: one step ahead

This lighting technology provides excellent light output, and, consequently, high light brightness and energy efficiency. Initially, rather expensive sapphire substrates were used in production, but then they were replaced by more affordable silicon ones. They are about 30% cheaper than sapphire ones, but the question of the advisability of their mass production has not yet been resolved, since devices with silicon substrates are equipped with expensive power supplies and optics. Accordingly, the cost of the final product is reduced slightly. Toshiba, LatticePower, Aledia, BridgeLux, Azzurro Semiconductors, Plessey and ARC Energy are currently developing GaN LED technologies on 100 and 150 mm substrates.

GaN LEDs on GaN substrates: the technology of the future

This is another actively developing modern technology, which favorably differs from the technology with silicon substrates by its higher color rendering quality and luminous flux intensity (for GaN-on-GaN products, it is 5–10 times higher than for GaN-on-Si and GaN- on-SiC). The development of this technology is carried out, in particular, by Soraa. According to the experts of this enterprise, the use of a "native" GaN substrate makes it possible to simplify the process of manufacturing LEDs and reduce the cost of production.

LED SlimStyle: thinner is better

Philips and NliteN develop technologies for the production of LED lamps SlimStyle. The advertised value of this elegant piece is less than $10. It is distinguished by its thinness and lightness, as well as the relatively low cost of production. The main feature of such lamps is the presence of a disc-shaped heat sink, on which 26 LEDs are located. The brightness of the glow of the device is 800 lm, the power is 10.5 watts.

The lamp emits soft white light and has a lifespan of approximately 3 years (and this is the main reason for the doubt that the competitiveness of the product will be high, as the lifespan of competing products can be up to 10 years). The developers believe that this LED device can be used for lighting apartments and houses.

AC LED Power Supplies: Easier and More Efficient

When developing new lighting technologies, attention is also paid to power sources. So, traditionally, to ensure uniform (flicker-free) lighting, DC power supplies are used to protect the LED lamp from short circuits, overheating and voltage drops.

But recently there has been a trend towards the use of alternating current sources. Their advantages include the simplicity of the architecture and the ability to rid LEDs of such disadvantages as low power and significant non-linear distortions. Seoul Semiconductor (Acriche series) and Lynk Labs (Tesla series) are developing and implementing AC power supplies.

LED with color customization

Modern lighting technologies make it possible to design LED luminaires to obtain any color in the visible range. Violet and blue lights emit a full spectrum of colors. Colored devices are in demand, first of all, for the design of cars, commercial and residential premises.

For example, Philips produces sets of LED lamps Hue, whose radiation (intensity, color) can be controlled using mobile applications. Comes with 3 bulbs and a hub. The user can program the schedule for switching devices on and off, their operating modes in various life situations (work, rest, etc.). The color of the radiation can be selected from a palette or even from a photograph. But such kits have a significant drawback - the cost, reaching $ 200. This factor still prevents the wide distribution of such equipment.

Human Centric Lighting (HCL): lighting and biorhythms

Developers strive to adapt residential lighting technologies to the characteristics of the human body, so luminaires with controlled emission color have appeared. The use of such equipment makes it possible to organize lighting that has a positive effect on human health, in particular, on biorhythms, which, according to researchers (as part of the Human Focused Lighting program), to some extent determine the likelihood of developing obesity, diabetes and cancer. diseases. This program is especially popular in the US and Europe. It touches upon the issues of improving mood, increasing attention and efficiency, normalizing sleep and wakefulness, etc. LEDs in HCL luminaires provide control over color temperature and light flow. According to the experts of the Association Lighting Europe, by 2020, such devices will account for about 7% of the lighting market.

Thus, modern technologies of lighting systems allow users to reduce the cost of purchasing and maintaining lighting equipment. And the emerging intellectualization of devices already today makes it possible to remotely control lighting systems and customize their work to suit your own needs.

Modern large outdoor lighting networks are energy-intensive automated objects, the correct construction of which largely determines the efficiency of labor and the comfort of modern life. It is important to take into account the limitations associated with the rational use of energy resources to ensure the operation of lighting systems, the costs of the current operation of lighting equipment.

The emergence of new technologies in outdoor (street) lighting systems allows you to get a great economic effect. Practice shows that when implemented, the potential for energy savings in most municipal street lighting systems can be more than 50%. Consider the main existing ways to improve energy efficiency in outdoor lighting.

Real energy savings are provided by the replacement of obsolete lamps with DRL lamps for lamps with highly energy-efficient high-pressure sodium lamps. Thus, replacing a luminaire with a 400 W DRL lamp (luminous flux 22 klm) with a luminaire of a similar purpose with a 250 W DNAT lamp (luminous flux 27 klm) reduces energy consumption by 580 kWh per year and increases the level of lighting by 22%. Accordingly, replacing a luminaire with a 250 W DRL lamp (luminous flux 12.5 klm) with a luminaire with a 150 W DNAT lamp (14.5 klm) - an annual reduction in electricity consumption of almost 400 kWh, etc. Therefore, sodium lamps as light sources are increasingly being used for economical outdoor lighting.

Significant energy savings are provided by the introduction of the so-called "night phase" mode. When operating such a control system, two modes of operation of the lighting lines are provided - evening and night. In the evening mode, all lights are turned on, and at night, when the traffic intensity is significantly reduced, some (1/3 or 2/3) of the lights are turned off by turning off one or two phases in each of the lighting lines extending from the control cabinet. But this method of saving has a significant drawback - it leads to an increase in the contrast of lighting and, as a result, to visual fatigue and a decrease in traffic safety.

One of the directions in the field of energy saving is the use of special regulators-stabilizers for powering outdoor lighting. In addition to regulation, this device allows you to equalize the supply voltage, create the optimal mode for the operation of the lamps and extend their life. Regulation occurs from the outside: by command from the control room, by radiotelephone communication or by a light sensor signal. You can program the device according to the astronomical schedule or according to a special mode. But these regulators have not found wide application due to the fact that most of the existing lines are in a deplorable state and of considerable length, which leads to the fact that at the end of the line the supply voltage decreases to the level when the lamps go out. Thus, when the voltage at the line input is reduced to organize energy saving, a significant number of lamps will not turn on or they will go out during operation. Regulation is possible within no more than 5%, which significantly increases the payback period of such a system.

A real way to save money is also strict adherence to the lighting schedule approved by the administration of the locality. This problem is solved by the introduction of an automated control system (ACS) for outdoor lighting. Street lighting power points without an ACS system are turned on and off at the moment with large time scatter. This is due to the fact that street lighting systems use four methods of on / off control: manual control by a dispatcher via telephone lines, control by timers, control by programmable devices, control by a photo relay. The on / off time is divided into five days during the year. With manual control, it is not difficult to provide accurate on/off times via communication lines. However, there is a human factor, namely, the unpredictable behavior of the dispatcher, who can arbitrarily change the schedule of street lighting. In addition, the cost of renting a telephone line in some cities reaches up to 1,500 rubles per month. The time relays must be manually programmed every 5 days by traveling around them. At the same time, there are transport costs, salary costs, etc. Detours are usually not always carried out exactly on the scheduled date, so electricity consumption increases significantly. As the practice of operating street lighting has shown, changes in the schedule for turning it on / off by the city administration (holidays and official events, etc.) are possible. In this case, some of the cascades controlled by programmable devices are not subject to change. Similar to the previous case, the photorelay also turns on and off when a certain level of illumination is set (its setting may take more than one day) and when the operating mode schedule changes, for example, the lighting off time, after midnight, it is impossible to change the photorelay operation mode. The disadvantages of the photorelay also include the need for very frequent cleaning of the external photosensor from dirt and dust, which significantly increases operating costs. The deviation of the turn-off time from the schedule when controlled by a photorelay and a programmable device can reach several hours a day.

The complex task of energy saving in outdoor lighting with energy savings of up to 40-50% can be solved by the automated control system of the ACS "Gorsvet" produced by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "NPO Avtomatiki im. Academician N.A. Semikhatov, Yekaterinburg. This system was first put into operation in 2000 in Surgut and is currently successfully operated in 24 settlements of Russia and Kazakhstan (Ekaterinburg, Samara, Perm, Khabarovsk, Surgut, Tobolsk, Penza, Karaganda, etc.).

Today, ACS "Gorsvet" is a well-established 3-level self-sustaining system, with fully certified hardware and software. Reliability, high performance, reasonable price/quality ratio, personnel training system, after-sales service and manufacturer's warranties are the distinguishing features of Gorsvet automated control system.

The main requirements that should be placed on a modern control system and have already been resolved by the ACS "Gorsvet" are:

• Possibility of independent control of a separate light point (lamp) without changing
• existing lines.
• Control of the operation parameters of the light point with the issuance of diagnostic information to the
• control room.
• Maximum reduction in power consumption of the light spot, extending lamp life.
• The ability to quickly change the operating modes of switching points with full control of their status.
• The economic effect from the introduction of the ACS "Gorsvet" is achieved due to the following factors:
• Introduction of an economical "night" mode of lighting (saving up to 2/3 of electricity for lighting);
• Installations of modern starters and control devices EPRAN 150, 250 W (electricity savings up to 50%, a twofold increase in lamp life);
• Centralized management and control of the technical condition of the system (reduction of operating costs and reduction in the number of maintenance personnel);
• Anti-vandal execution of executive points and burglar alarms (preservation of equipment and wires from theft);
• Refusal of leased telephone lines (UTU-4M) with the transition to GSM, radio communications, FOCL;
• Ensuring automatic metering of consumed electricity.

When using an electronic ballast - EPRAN manufactured by FSUE "NPOA" in the outdoor lighting system, in addition to a significant increase in the life of lighting lamps, it becomes possible to automatically control the power consumption (dimming), the brightness of the lamps, address control of lamps, and diagnose the status of each lamp with reference to the place its location.

The distinctive technical characteristics of the ACS "Gorsvet" include:

• Improving the reliability of equipment operation through the use of non-contact switching units (triac) of power lines.
• Efficiency of centralized or group control of outdoor lighting objects.
• Efficiency of control and detection of breaks, short circuits in lines, remote reset of the accident, sound and light alarm in case of emergencies.
• Possibility of archiving the received information and actions of the dispatcher, the formation of reporting logs.
• Possibility of "linking" controlled points to the city map.
• Modular structure of the contactless switch (up to 8 modules).
• Various modifications of switching points with a range of switched currents from 15A to 200A.
• Possibility of redundant communication channel with the control room.
• Availability of technical solutions for connecting cabinets of automatic control systems for NO from other manufacturers.

The main and main element in the ACS "Gorsvet" is an electronic ballast - EPRAN. Its advantages are as follows:

• Reducing energy consumption while maintaining the luminous flux by increasing the light output of the lamp at an increased frequency and higher efficiency (ballast efficiency 65-75%, electronic ballast 95%).
• Extended lamp life due to gentle operation and starting (no lamp starting current).
• Comfortable lighting (lack of flicker at a frequency of 100 Hz - stroboscopic effect).
• Lighting stability regardless of mains voltage fluctuations (up to 160V).
• Lack of flickering and flashes of defective lamps (reignition pulses).
• High quality of consumed energy (power factor 0.98).
• Reduced operating costs (for lamp replacement).
• Full diagnostics of the lamp operation during its operation and the issuance of this information on existing power wires to the switching point.
• Possibility of dimming (reducing) lamp power up to 50%.

Estimated payback period for ACS Gorsvet is 2.5 years.

At the moment, more and more talk is about the use of LED lamps in outdoor lighting. But for the sake of energy saving, one should not forget about their significant shortcomings, which do not allow their wide application:

• Low total luminous efficiency (LEDs - taking into account losses up to 64 Lm / W, HPS - 140 Lm / W).
• Overestimated passport service life of 50,000 - 100,000 hours (use of switching power supplies in the luminaire, capacitors with a much shorter resource, testing only for 10,000 hours).
• Decreased luminous flux by 30% over time.
• Uneven distribution of brightness over the road surface.
• Low reliability of luminaire drivers (power supplies for LED modules), their instability to voltage drops.
• Significant cost (LED lamp - 12,000 - 18,000 rubles, lamp with DNAt and EPRAN - up to 3,500 rubles).
• The lack of knowledge of human visual perception of light emitted by LEDs (psychophysiological studies have not been completed).

It should also not be forgotten that the problem of energy saving should be solved already at the present time, and the creation of a modern LED lamp and the subsequent replacement of lamps with HPS lamps already installed in huge quantities in the previous five years will take at least 5-10 years.

In our opinion, the development and implementation of LED technology and electronic ballasts in outdoor lighting should proceed in parallel, taking into account the specific conditions of their use.

Solovyov A.V.,
FSUE NPAA im. Academician N.A. Semikhatov,
head of energy saving department

Lighting accounts for between 15% and 20% of the electricity used in homes today. If you calculate the cost of it for the year, it is surprising that so few people have switched to using economical lamps. Some may mistakenly believe that low energy lighting lacks all the benefits that make traditional lamps so popular. However, while the use of old and inefficient lamps will be phased out, high-brightness light-emitting diode (LED) lamps will rightfully take center stage.

Like most quality electrical products, LEDs will work flawlessly both with extended use and with regular on and off. LED lamp manufacturers have achieved this level of reliability thanks to an efficient thermal management system designed to prevent LEDs from overheating.

High-quality LED lamps can last up to 40,000 hours, which is at least twice (or more) the life of a conventional compact fluorescent lamp, and often even three or four times. For LED lamps, usually used in the dark for several hours, this means that, being screwed in on the day when a child is born in the family, it will last until the child leaves the parental home and creates his own family.

How does this world work...

If you take apart an LED lamp, you can find many tiny chips that light up when electricity is passed through them.

LED lamp circuit

This array of elements is the answer to why LED lighting is so attractive. Some lamp LEDs emit white light in the same way as fluorescent lamps: the components produce blue light, but the phosphor coating on the LED's surface converts it to visible white light. The ability of LED lamps to easily reproduce different shades of light is a key, but not the only, advantage over compact fluorescent lamps.

Table 1: Lamp comparison

LED vs. fluorescent lamps

With fluorescent lamps, the consumer always has to compromise. For example, it will take several minutes before the CFL reaches full brightness. In addition, already at full brightness, the light of fluorescent lamps does not seem as attractive as the usual lighting that we are used to. Also of concern is how quickly CFLs will "burn out" and how their ultraviolet radiation can adversely affect artwork, fabrics and furniture finishes over time.

Compact fluorescent lamps are technologically identical to fluorescent lamps used in warehouses and offices, in an environment where functionality and efficiency, rather than aesthetic considerations, are the main criteria for lighting. In the end, not everyone will dare to install industrial fluorescent lamps in their living room. Compared to them, LED lamps emit attractive tones of white light.

Another disadvantage of compact fluorescent lamps is that they use toxic elemental mercury to convert electricity into light. The presence of highly toxic mercury means that they cannot simply be thrown in the trash as they will release toxic fumes if broken. Compact fluorescent lamps must be disposed of in a special way, handing them over to specialized collection points.

LED lamps do not contain any hazardous substances and are therefore easy to dispose of at the end of their life, thus reducing the amount of municipal solid waste.

Currently, LED technology is competing with eco-friendly halogen, or IRC-halogen, lamps, which reduce costs by 30% compared to conventional halogen lamps. A halogen lamp, like the "Ilyich's light bulb", emits light when a tungsten filament is heated by an electric current. To increase efficiency, the new eco-halogen lamps use a special coating that allows visible light to pass through but blocks infrared radiation and reflects it back towards the coil. However, newer halogen lamps are still far less efficient and less durable than compact fluorescent and LED lamps. LED bulbs are at least three times more efficient than eco-halogen bulbs and, due to their robust solid-state technology, typically last up to 15 times longer.

Lamp type	Advantages	Flaws
	Instantaneous peak brightness Does not contain mercury and other harmful materials high quality light Adjustable brightness Higher level of energy efficiency High brightness level Compatible with dimming schemes Service life - 20-35 years Long service life in on/off mode	Higher start-up costs compared to compact fluorescent lamps
	Lower start-up costs compared to LED lamps	Reaching the maximum brightness level with a delay Contains carcinogenic mercury Brightness is not adjustable Low quality light Emits ultraviolet light Service life up to 13 years Requires special disposal

Table 2: Advantages and disadvantages of LED and CFL

Thus, LED lamps are a very attractive option for home lighting. LEDs are more environmentally friendly and energy efficient than alternative lighting technologies. Although they may initially cost more than CFLs and eco-friendly halogen lamps, LED lighting will save you money in the long run as LED lamps have a much longer lifespan than any other lighting technology and will pay for themselves many times over before they are needed. replacements.

New lighting technology from Verbatim

Not so long ago, Verbatim introduced new LED lighting, focusing on expanding existing lines of LED products in both professional and residential segments.

New generation of end-user lamps Verbatim Classic A has a traditional E27 base and the most suitable color temperature for home lighting 2700K and 3000K. Power options: 4W, 8W, 10W, 12W and 13W. Brightness: 250-1100 lm. All new models are dimmable, which can be used to create a more comfortable environment in the home and at the same time reduce energy consumption.

Such lamps are an advantageous alternative to classic incandescent lamps and create a comfortable atmosphere in the home, as well as in hotels or restaurants.

Other new additions include the elegantly designed Verbatim LED PAR16 Diamond lamps, which are the ideal replacement for standard high-voltage halogen spotlights and overhead lighting. Designed with a bare chip and diamond-cut optics, the 7.3W Verbatim LED PAR16 GU10 lamps are available in three color temperature options: 2700K, 3000K and 4000K. The single-focus optics give these lamps the softness and feel of a halogen light, while the beam is perfectly aligned and glare is kept to a minimum. They have a halogen equivalent of up to 66W and consume less than 87% of energy compared to a conventional 60W halogen lamp. Bare chip LED technology improves thermal resistance and provides better lighting quality and efficiency.

All LED PAR16 Diamond models are dimmable and feature high energy efficiency. They are equipped with an integrated temperature control system, which guarantees a long service life at an excellent price-performance ratio in its category. The service life reaches 35,000 hours (15 times longer than a conventional halogen lamp), which reduces repair and maintenance costs. Their main areas of application are the illumination of shop windows and counters, as well as the illumination of various objects in shops, museums and restaurants.

Functional lighting is a highly competitive area. It is constantly improving technology. Changes affect all aspects of this area. New lighting devices appear, the efficiency of light sources increases, control systems are introduced, etc.

Great prospects are associated with LED lighting - a field that is developing at a rapid pace.

Classification

Artificial lighting can be divided into several broad categories. Allocate functional (working), emergency, security and duty lighting. A separate group is architectural lighting, the role of which is more decorative and is reduced to creating an entourage and placing accents.

The main segment is occupied by functional lighting. It provides normalized lighting conditions (that white light under which it is convenient to work) in all rooms, as well as in areas outside the building intended for work, people and traffic.

Functional lighting is also divided into several types. According to the installation method, recessed, suspended, surface-mounted, freely placed on the floor lamps are distinguished. There are also downward radiating luminaires, multi-component lighting systems, luminaires for high and low spans, trunk systems, rack light sources.

Depending on the field of application, they distinguish, for example, the lighting of shops, enterprises, hotels, restaurants, offices, sports facilities, greenhouses, schools, surrounding areas.

Each group has its own approach. Thus, the lighting of industrial enterprises is the most complex and complex segment of artificial lighting. Light plays a vital role in ensuring the safety of the production process. The most correct approach here is to use a complex of the most modern solutions, for example, trunk systems with an intelligent control system to obtain maximum energy savings. The same applies to logistics facilities. The use of lighting control systems for them is extremely important. The specificity of these centers is such that lighting is required only in certain areas of the warehouse in which people are located. In this case, the light can be turned on according to a schedule or only during the passage of forklifts through the warehouse and the completion of loading and unloading operations.

energy efficiency

The energy efficiency of light sources is the main indicator in the field of functional lighting, in contrast, for example, to architectural lighting, where this issue is currently in third, and sometimes even lower place (in the foreground - the complexity of developing a solution, the compactness of lamps, the creation effects, etc.).

According to SP 52.13330.2011 "Natural and artificial lighting", for artificial lighting, energy-efficient light sources should be used, giving preference, with equal power, to light sources with the highest light output and service life. First of all, these are various energy-saving gas-discharge and fluorescent lamps. However, with overall cost reductions, the development of new standards, green initiatives and the adoption of legislation aimed at protecting the environment, there has been a trend of increasing interest in LED solutions. Being a relatively young technology, LED lighting has managed to develop rapidly, and at the moment it is the most promising direction in lighting technology. LED lighting products can be used in almost all categories of artificial lighting. This lighting solution is the most environmentally friendly in terms of the fact that it helps to save the energy resources of the planet. In addition, unlike fluorescent lamps, LEDs do not contain mercury, so they are not hazardous waste and do not require special disposal. Properly designed, LED fixtures are superior to traditional fixtures in a number of ways. They provide stable high-quality color and white light with virtually no visible color differences between luminaires; have higher energy efficiency; maintain a high luminous flux throughout the entire period of operation; require minimal maintenance costs, etc.

Currently, the main efforts of all key market players in the LED field are focused on two points - increasing the efficiency of LED solutions and reducing their cost. As technology advances, LED luminaires will offer tremendous opportunities for system upgrades. For example, most of the industrial lighting still used in Russia rarely reaches less than 10 W/m 2 /100 lux, while the power density of modern solutions can be less than 2 W/m 2 /100 lux.

Great potential in street lighting. In this area, fixtures with sodium gas discharge lamps have become widespread, the disadvantage of which is the resulting bright dirty yellow light, under which it is impossible to determine the color of an object.

In fact, high quality color rendering is not necessary for highway lighting. It is important that sodium lamps produce a lot of light, which allows you to clearly distinguish traffic on the road. But so far no such LED lighting system has been created that would surpass this solution in terms of efficiency.

Meanwhile, the dynamics of the market is such that for several decades there has been an annual reduction in the cost of LEDs by an average of 20% and an increase in efficiency in terms of luminous flux by 35%. That is, the overall efficiency of LEDs has doubled every 1.5-2 years (data from LEDs Magazine).

Now the pace has slowed down a bit. Most likely, in the future, the pace will continue to slow down, but the trend will continue, and the main focus will be on even greater efficiency of the technology.

Modern solutions for industrial facilities and offices

In the industrial sector, two categories of luminaires have become widespread - high bays and trunk systems.

High bays (high bay systems, literally - lamps for high spans) are most often used in manufacturing plants and large logistics centers.

This lighting solution is based on point types of lighting devices. Lamps of this category are circularly symmetrical (they resemble bells in their shape) and reach 800 mm in diameter.

At the moment, the bulk of high-beys are made on metal halide lamps (one of the types of high-pressure gas discharge lamps), which replaced the previously common sodium lamps (they do not meet the requirements of SP 52.13330.2011 for general and local lighting, according to which light sources must have a color temperature from 2400 to 6800 K and a color rendering of at least Ra = 50). Metal halide lamps combine a very high level of light transmission, long life and have the highest efficiency of any gas discharge lamp. There are also luminaires with fluorescent and LED lamps. The latter are not widely used in Russia because of their high cost.

In addition to high efficiency, a feature of this type of luminaires is stable operation in aggressive environments (in rooms where leaks, smoke, condensation, etc. are possible).

The closed luminaire and lamps in a special protective shell prevent the ingress of fragments and mercury into the environment. Due to their good optical characteristics, they are also successfully used in rooms with high ceilings (about 15-20 m), for example, in exhibition halls and large sports complexes. There are lighting installations where luminaires for high spans are used at heights of 40 m or more.

Trunk systems (light-line systems) are familiar to most from supermarkets. This is the so-called light line, mounted on adjustable suspensions. In stores, linear types of fixtures, as a rule, are suspended above commercial equipment (counters, refrigerators, etc.).

In terms of efficiency, backbone systems are superior to high-beys. Firstly, they can be hung at different heights and create optimal vertical and horizontal illumination in a particular room. Secondly, they have proven themselves well when working with the control system. Unlike high bays, trunk systems usually use fluorescent lamps or an LED module. Both technologies allow you to automate the lighting system. These lamps quickly flare up, which allows you to instantly turn them on and off. Metal halide lamps, on the contrary, flare up very slowly (sometimes up to 10 minutes). White light in them is achieved by burning a huge amount of salts of different metals, and before you get it, the glow of the lamp changes from one color to another. The disadvantage of such lamps is a sharp dependence on voltage. If the lamp is turned on without allowing it to cool, it may fail. To prevent this from happening, a ballast is provided in the design of metal halide lamps, which blocks the lamp from turning on to the state in which it can ignite without harming itself.

The office sector is represented mainly by recessed and suspended luminaires. The most rational way to illuminate the room and create comfortable conditions for employees is through pendant lights. The main condition for this is a well-executed lighting project, in which the arrangement of workplaces is thought out and possible changes are taken into account (if possible). In this case, each luminaire is located directly above the desktop and, without any loss, provides the lighting required by the standards for a particular type of activity (for example, for work related to distinguishing objects of very high accuracy, it is possible to achieve the necessary illumination of the working surface of 500 lux).

When choosing this lighting system, it should be borne in mind that rearranging or changing the number of jobs in most cases will create a huge problem. The line of fixtures has already been placed, and it is impossible to move them anywhere without serious financial losses. If the company does not have confidence that the office will not undergo changes for a sufficiently long time, then it is better not to make this decision.

The lighting system based on built-in lamps, although not so effective, but allows you to solve the issue of possible "movement" within the company. Companies are usually left to choose between different types of lamps. The main European trend for this category of fixtures is the transition from T8 fluorescent lamps (diameter 25.4 mm) to T5 (diameter 15.9 mm) and further to LEDs. In Russia, as some analysts note, they will most likely bypass the T5 stage and immediately switch to LED lamps, since the production of inexpensive LEDs, albeit inferior in quality, has already been launched.

A fairly new type of office lighting fixtures - floor lamps - deserves special attention. This technology is becoming more and more popular in Europe and the USA due to the advent of green certification. This is a rather expensive solution. For this reason, in our country, such lighting devices are still used only in single projects. The main feature of floor lamps is freedom of movement. In the case of reshuffles within the company, they can be easily moved, unlike hanging appliances. In addition, they have a low suspension height, which allows you to direct the light targeted, as is the case with pendant lamps.

Certification

An efficient lighting system allows you to get high scores in certification systems, in particular in LEED and BREEAM. An example of a building that emphasizes light in its space concept is the office of Jones Lang LaSalle. This approach allowed not only to reduce energy consumption, but also to create comfortable conditions for employees and customers of the company. The office premises are equipped with suspended fluorescent lamps equipped with light and presence sensors. The possibility of manual control of illumination parameters is provided.

Efficient Office Lighting System by Jones Lang LaSalle

An interesting detail is the dynamic LED panels located on the ceiling of the reception area. They are multi-color programmable LED modules covered with sound-absorbing fabric. All lamps are united by an intelligent control system.

The main requirements of green standards are the presence of a control system that provides automatic switching on and off of light, a change in the level of illumination depending on the level of natural light, etc. mentioned above, for effective solutions this figure can be 2 W / m 2 / 100 lux or less). The parameter shows how much power in watts is needed per 1 m 2 to achieve an illumination of 100 lux. It is often very difficult to determine what savings have been achieved in retrofits using just the illuminance value (in lux). At the facility, the standards could simply not be observed, and, relatively speaking, instead of the declared illumination of 400 lux, there was only 100 lux. The use of an average indicator in W / m 2 / 100 lux allows us to solve this problem.

Alexey Mikhailov - Key Account Manager at Philips Lighting.

The office meets the basic principles of two environmental standards at once - LEED (with a Gold rating) and BREEAM (Good). The vectors in these systems are shifted in different directions, which is especially evident when evaluating office buildings. LEED primarily requires the achievement of energy savings. In BREEAM, first of all, it is necessary to create comfortable conditions for a person, and already in the second - to achieve savings. At the same time, strict adherence to all European lighting standards is necessary, and they are very strict. The more savings you get, the higher your points will be. And it's really difficult to save money where ergonomics are at the highest level. ●

ARTICLES

14.07.15

The modern lighting market is changing following the growing needs of customers. Technologies that were only available in the hi-end segment 3 years ago are coming to the mass market. Trinova's specialists studied the novelties of 2015 from the world's leading manufacturers of lighting equipment in order to find out which of the trends dominate the market now.

Ultra-thin LED luminaires

One of the main trends of 2015 is dictated by the desire of lighting manufacturers to make their products thinner, lighter, more elegant, as well as save their own resources, reducing the final cost of the product for the consumer. The European trend towards savings combined with cutting-edge design and technology results in amazing solutions.

The thin body required a number of major design changes. Unlike classic pendant lights, ultra-slim pendant lights have a light source located in the side frames of the body, as is implemented, for example, in the screens of modern smartphones. This arrangement of the light source required a change in the method of light delivery, thanks to which microprismatic light diffusers of a special design appeared, transparent in appearance, they provide sufficient luminous flux due to direct and reflected light.

• Ultra thin profile;
• Beautiful appearance;
• Economical and durable LED light source;
• Ease of installation;

TRILUX LATERALO PLUS - profile thickness 14 mm.

TRILUX LATERALO RING - 15 mm.

RZB SIDELITE ECO - 12 mm.

Regent Dime LED - 25 mm.

Modular luminaires: new opportunities for lighting design

Modern lamps of modular design are becoming more diverse and functional. The main idea that formed the basis of modular lamps is to provide free adjustment of lighting to the needs and functions of a particular space. Such solutions are especially relevant for open space offices and spaces that can change their functional purpose.

ARTEMIDE GRAFA

By combining modules of different sizes (in this case, these are modules 600x600 and 600x1200 mm), you can create a special configuration of the lighting system, increasing illumination, and changing the interior appearance of the room. A great option for thoughtful lighting design.

The principle of modularity has also formed the basis of many modern street lamps. In this case, the same module - LED + optics - is built into different housings, which makes it possible to reduce the price of devices, while maintaining an attractive design and changing the functional purpose of the lighting device. For example, a lamp HESS with LEVO module can be used both for motorway lighting and for lighting park areas - the module is simply inserted into another housing on a suitable support.

Benefits for the end user:

• Easy installation system - no dusty and dirty work, no need to drill, mount, primer and paint;
• There is no need to stop the operation of the facility to change the configuration of the lighting system;
• Maintenance and installation costs are minimal;
• Possibility to create a unique lighting design.

Designer light becomes more accessible

Modern lamps have ceased to be only a utilitarian device that provides a sufficient level of illumination in the room. Lamps are now an integral part of a beautiful and thoughtful interior. Lighting manufacturers are increasingly resorting to the use of natural materials in the manufacture of lighting fixtures, factory designers are trying to combine ergonomics, functionality and excellent appearance in one device.

To engineers and designers of the German factory RZB it was completely successful. This LED luminaire has received rave reviews from critics and consumers, and has also won a prestigious international design award. REDDOT 2015 for the best industrial design. Ultra-thin Handcrafted Murano Glass LED Pendant Light RZB SIDELITE ROUND is at the same time a masterpiece of design and engineering, and its cost does not exceed the cost of ordinary European lamps of this class, but devoid of any zest in design.

Benefits for consumers:

• Environmental friendliness of products;
• Lamps are harmoniously combined with natural finishing materials;
• Upgrade the class of the room;
• Remain available.

High-tech optics are actively penetrating into lighting technology

In addition, new technologies for processing light diffusers make it possible to increase the efficiency of indoor lighting fixtures. The German company Trilux succeeded in this direction by releasing the original Lateralo Plus luminaire with a BLGS microprismatic diffuser - a binary light-diffusing system that allows you to effectively combine direct and reflected light flux, avoiding glare and shadows on work surfaces, evenly flooding the entire space with light.

Benefits for the consumer:

• High efficiency;
• The ability to obtain a clearly directed luminous flux;
• Ability to create thoughtful lighting design;

LEDs are evolving exponentially

Modern LED light sources are becoming more efficient, smaller, brighter and more affordable. Factories admit that production does not always have time to respond to updates of light sources, the generations of which sometimes change 2 times a year. LEDs ready to serve will soon be on the market more than 100,000 hours, this will significantly increase the payback of LED projects and we have the right to expect their massive arrival in retail. In addition, LED light sources are getting smaller, which will allow luminaire housings to be made even thinner and lighter without sacrificing light output.

What new trends in lighting technology are waiting for us in the future? Suggest your options in the comments!