Carrying out heating in a private house. Schemes of heating systems in private houses. Heating system connection diagram. Schemes for connecting radiators in a private house

What do we know about heating a private house? , or water - before choosing, you should calculate the costs for the purchase of materials, installation and subsequent maintenance. If at home, you need to manually maintain a comfortable temperature daily. Electricity is quite costly to operate. For a water heating device, it is necessary to purchase the entire wiring around the house, purchase and install it. But that's where the main costs end. We will tell you how to make economical water heating of a private house with your own hands. Installation schemes are numerous, so in this review we will try to consider the most popular of them.

Any heating system has advantages and some features that you need to familiarize yourself with in advance so that in the future there will be no emergency situations.

The positives include:

• all wiring around the house is reduced to one place and connected to the boiler. It is much more convenient than installing or in every room;
• moderate coolant temperature. At a maximum of 100°C, the temperature does not exceed +60°C, in a water floor system - no higher than +40°C. This prevents the burning of dust and the occurrence of burns on contact, the heating of the premises is soft and comfortable.

The features of water heating in a private house include:

• pre-installation of all piping, which increases the cost of the resource;
• risk of freezing of the coolant in case of irregular or seasonal use. It is necessary either to drain the water during the absence of residents, or to maintain heating all the cold time, or to fill it;
• the risk of leaks.

Coolant and its properties

There is no ideal coolant. Each option has an acceptable temperature range and technical parameters, if violated, the heating system can be damaged. Replacing equipment will be very costly.

The main characteristics of the coolant that must be considered when choosing:

• temperature regime;
• viscosity;
• anti-corrosion properties;
• heat toxicity.

The best coolant is purified water and antifreeze.

The main advantages of antifreeze over water are presented in the table. Its use is especially recommended in homes with seasonal or periodic residence.

At the time of departure, it does not need to be drained from the system. Upon returning, simply turn on the boiler. If the temperature falls below the limit, the composition will turn into a viscous liquid - gel, while its physical characteristics will not change. After the temperature rises to the required mark, it will again acquire a liquid form while maintaining its original volume.

This should be known! The service life of antifreeze is at least 5 years. On one fill, the system can operate up to ten heating seasons.

antifreeze for heating

Despite all the advantages of antifreeze, many make their choice in favor of water. It is safe, there are no chemical impurities in it, especially if you dug your own. The only negative point is the mineral salts in the composition, which cause corrosion. To prevent it, you can use boiled or melted water. Or alternatively, apply the .

Norms and requirements for autonomous water heating

The basic requirements are developed in building codes and regulations.

• the temperature of the liquid in the pipes should not exceed +90°C;
• the optimal temperature regime should be within + 60 ÷ 80 ° С;
• with open installation of water heating, it is necessary to fasten pipes with clips, clamps or arrange metal channels;
• hidden installation is allowed to be carried out in strobes, channels, plinths. Can be covered with screens;
• if necessary, it is necessary to perform thermal insulation of pipes that will pass through an unheated room.

Features of the water heating system

The principle of operation of a water heating system is based on physical laws. The heated coolant rises, the cooled coolant descends. In other words, the best circulation of fluid in the heating system will be with a large temperature difference between the outlet and return of the coolant. The optimum difference is 25°.

To know how to properly make heating in a private house, you need to familiarize yourself with the following rules.

• The installation of the boiler must be carried out 2 meters below the level of the pipe system and radiators, at the lowest point of the heating circuit;
• If necessary, thermal insulation of the riser, through which the liquid rises to the premises, should be carried out;
• with natural circulation of the coolant, the length of the pipes should be less than 30 meters;
• for a one-story building with a natural movement of the coolant, it is necessary to perform a return flow with a slope;
• for multi-storey buildings, it is necessary to install additional pumping equipment.

Main elements of the system

The heating system consists of a boiler, batteries and pipelines. During installation, it is necessary to install safety groups, regulating and locking elements, air outlet units and drainage and bleed devices. For effective heating of the upper floors of the house, you need to install.

Boiler

The functionality and efficiency of heating the house depends on it. The principle of its operation is based on heating the coolant while passing through the heating circuit. Hot streams are directed through piping, heating all rooms in the passage area.

long burning solid fuel boiler

Manufacturers offer equipment that runs on different types of fuel.

Boiler classification:

long burning gas boiler

Related article:

What are their advantages and disadvantages, what is the principle of operation, what you need to pay attention to when choosing, an overview of the best manufacturers and models, making your own hands - read in our material.

Pipes

• Lifetime metal products not very big. There is a possibility of corrosion. Installation is carried out on threaded connections;
• polymer pipes more reliable, they are affordable. You can do the installation of heating with your own hands, it will not cause difficulties. Service life - up to 50 years;
• metal-plastic pipes are made of aluminum and plastic. The collection of elements is carried out by pressing or threaded connections. One minus of the pipeline - under the influence of elevated temperatures or with temperature fluctuations, there is a possibility of cracking;
• copper- the most expensive pipeline. Copper wiring has increased reliability and durability. The sections are connected by soldering.

Radiators

The negative features of the system include the need to install fittings on pipes. It acts to protect against emergency situations associated with increased pressure of the coolant. In addition, safety valves must be installed on both sides of the circulation pumping equipment.

Do-it-yourself water heating of a private house, schemes and installation features

Before installing heating, you should independently perform calculations, understand all the intricacies of the device. And after that, purchase materials for the selected system and proceed with installation.

Organization of a single-pipe heating system for a private house with your own hands

For a one-story house, pipe wiring is carried out from the boiler over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house, the batteries are connected in series. Accordingly, remote rooms will be heated less.

This should be known! It is impossible to provide for the supply of coolant to a specific device. If the radiator needs to be repaired, the heat supply to the entire house is cut off.

The single-pipe heating system can be carried out independently, the scheme and installation procedure will not cause difficulties.

Do-it-yourself scheme of a two-pipe heating system in a private house

This system allows you to install two pipes for supplying cold and hot coolant with the ability to adjust the temperature on each device. A separate pipe enters and exits the battery. The second name of the circuit is parallel.

The installation of such a system requires a greater investment in the purchase of fittings and pipelines. However, its efficiency is higher. All batteries are heated at the same temperature.

It is advisable to install a two-pipe scheme in 2 or more storey buildings. Its main advantage is the ability to repair an individual device without prejudice to all the others. It is possible to adjust the temperature of each battery, which significantly reduces heating costs. You can install the heating of a country house with your own hands, the scheme will not cause any particular difficulties.

Scheme of water heating of a two-story house

For heating a two-story house, it is important to correctly calculate the power of the system, taking into account the areas of all rooms and select the performance of the boiler and pump. Their parameters should be enough to heat the whole house. Important characteristics are pressure loss and fluid flow.

Collector scheme for heating a one-story house with forced circulation

This is the most complex of all systems. The heated coolant is sent to the collectors, which then distribute it to the batteries. It is possible to control the temperature not only on each circuit, but also on each radiator. To do this, you need to install the required number of thermostatic elements and valves. The main disadvantage of the system is the cost. In addition to the increased footage of pipes, you also need to purchase and install collectors.

The principle of the device is as follows. A centrifugal pumping device must be inserted into the return pipe near the boiler, which will continuously supply the coolant using an impeller. Such a device helps to set the pressure with which all batteries will be heated evenly.

Features of self-installation of water heating

Do-it-yourself heating installation in a private house consists of the following steps:

• installation of boiler equipment;
• battery installation. The distance from the window sill should be 10 cm, from the floor - 6 cm. It is advisable to install an air valve, a stopcock and a regulator on each radiator;

• piping should start from the boiler;
• installation of auxiliary equipment;
• connection of elements in accordance with the material and type of pipes.

metal-plastic pipes for heating

Conclusion

The choice of system must be approached thoughtfully not only from a financial point of view, but also from the subsequent costs that arise during operation. The basic rule of any heating is reliable and uninterrupted operation. For this, in addition to calculations, you need to perform high-quality installation. If you are not confident in your abilities, it is better to turn to professionals.

We hope that the material will help you in planning heating. We have analyzed in the article all the features of installing a water heating system. Ask questions in the comments, our team will be happy to take part in the discussions.

The principle of the device of a water heating system can be found in the video.

We have prepared for you an overview of the main heating schemes for private houses, comparative characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each system. Consider the gravitational and forced systems for moving the coolant, one-pipe and two-pipe wiring diagrams, embedding underfloor heating in the heating system.

Heating system schemes are very diverse. Moreover, the choice of one of them should be made based on the design and size of the house, the number of heating elements, depending on the power supply.

Systems that differ in the way they circulate

In a system with natural circulation, the movement of the coolant is based on the action of gravity, which is why they are also called gravity or gravity. The density of hot water is lower, and it rises up, displaced by cold water, which enters the boiler, is heated and the cycle is repeated. Forced circulation - in systems using pumping equipment.

Gravity system

The gravity system does not come out cheaper, as developers expect. On the contrary, as a rule, it costs 2 or even 3 times more than the forced one. This scheme requires pipes of a larger diameter. For its operation, slopes are required, and for the boiler to stand below the radiators, i.e., installation in a pit or basement is required. And even during normal operation of the system, the battery on the second floor is always hotter than on the first. To balance this imbalance, measures are required that make the system much more expensive:

• bypass device (additional material and welding work);
• balancing cranes on the second floor.

For a building with three floors, this system is poorly suited. The movement of the coolant is “lazy”, as the masters say. For a two-story house, it works when the second floor is full, the same as the first, plus there is an attic. An expansion tank is installed in the attic, to which the main riser, preferably strictly vertical, is supplied from the boiler, installed in a deep pit or in the basement. If in some places you have to bend the riser, this worsens the work of gravity.

From the main riser, horizontal pipelines (beds) are bred with a slope, from which the risers are lowered, going into the return line, which returns to the boiler.

Gravity heating: 1 - boiler; 2 - expansion tank; 3 - feed slope; 4 - radiators; 5 - return slope

Gravity systems are good in buildings like a Russian hut and in one-story modern cottages. Although the cost of the system will be more expensive, but it does not depend on the availability of power sources.

When the house is attic, the installation of an expansion tank causes a placement problem - it has to be mounted directly in the living room. If the house is not permanently inhabited, then the coolant is not water, but a non-freezing liquid, the vapors of which will fall directly into the residential area. To avoid this, you can take the tank to the roof, which will lead to additional expenses, or it is necessary to close the top of the tank tightly and lead the gas outlet pipe from the cover outside the living space.

Forced system

The forced circulation system is distinguished by the presence of injection equipment, and is now very widespread. Among the disadvantages of the method, one can note the dependence on power supply, which is solved by purchasing a generator for autonomous power supply when the network is turned off. Of the advantages, it should be noted greater adjustability, reliability and the ability, in some cases, to save money on organizing heating.

Pump connection: 1 - boiler; 2 - filter; 3 - circulation pump; 4 - taps

Various connection schemes for pressure heating systems

For forced circulation systems, there are several connection schemes. Consider the advantages, disadvantages and recommendations of the masters for choosing a scheme for various buildings and systems.

One-pipe system ("Leningradka")

The so-called Leningradka is complex in calculations and difficult to implement.

Single-pipe pressure heating system: 1 - boiler; 2 - security group; 3 - radiators; 4 - needle valve; 5 - expansion tank; 6 - drain; 7 - plumbing; 8 - filter; 9 - pump; 10 - ball valves

With such a system, the filling of the radiator is reduced, which reduces the speed of movement of the medium in the battery and increases the temperature difference to 20 ° C (the water has time to cool down). When radiators are installed in series in a single-pipe circuit, there is a large difference in coolant temperatures between the first and all subsequent radiators. If there are 10 or more batteries in the system, then water cooled to 40-45 ° C enters the last one. To compensate for the lack of heat dissipation, all radiators, except for the first one, must have a large heat transfer area. That is, if we take the first radiator as a standard of 100% power, then the area of ​​the subsequent ones should be larger by 10%, 15%, 20%, etc., to compensate for the cooling of the coolant. It is difficult to predict and calculate the required area without experience in performing such work, and leading, ultimately, to a rise in the cost of the system.

With the classic Leningradka, the radiators are connected from the main pipe Ø 40 mm with a bypass Ø 16 mm. In this case, the coolant after the radiator returns to the line. A big mistake is to connect the radiators not in transit, but directly from the radiator to the radiator. This is the cheapest way to assemble a piping system: short lengths of pipes and fittings, 2 pieces per battery. However, with such a system, half of the radiators are barely warm and do not provide sufficient heat transfer. Reason: there is no mixing of the coolant after the radiator with the main pipeline. The way out: an increase (significant) in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bradiators and installing a powerful pump.

Two-pipe collector (beam) heating wiring diagram

It is a comb, from which two pipes extend to each radiator. It is advisable to install the comb at an equidistant distance from all radiators, in the center of the house. Otherwise, with a significant difference in the length of the pipes to the batteries, the system will be unbalanced. This will require balancing (tuning) with cranes, which is quite difficult to perform. In addition, the system pump in this case must be of greater power in order to compensate for the increased resistance of the balancing valves on the radiators.

Collector scheme: 1 - boiler; 2 - expansion tank; 3 - supply manifold; 4 - heating radiators; 5 - return manifold; 6 - pump

The second disadvantage of the collector system is the large number of pipes.

The third drawback: pipes are not laid along the walls, but across the premises.

Benefits of the scheme:

• lack of connections in the floor;
• all pipes of the same diameter, most often - 16 mm;
• the connection scheme is the simplest of all.

Two-pipe shoulder (dead-end) system

If the house is small (no more than two floors, with a total area of ​​up to 200 m 2 ), it makes no sense to build a ride. The coolant will reach and so on to each radiator. It is highly desirable to think over and install the boiler in such a way that the “shoulders” - separate heating branches, are approximately the same in length and have approximately the same heat transfer capacity. At the same time, pipes Ø 26 mm are enough to the tees that divide the flow into two shoulders, after the tees - Ø 20 mm, and on the line to the last radiator in the row and the taps to each radiator - Ø 16 mm. Tees are selected corresponding to the diameters of the connected pipes. Such a change in diameters is a balancing of the system, which does not require adjustment of each radiator separately.

The difference in connecting dead-end and passing circuits

Additional advantages of the system:

• minimum number of pipes;
• laying pipes around the perimeter of the premises.

Joints "sewn" into the floor must be made of cross-linked polyethylene or metal-plastic (metal-polymer pipes). It's a tried and tested design.

Two-pipe associated system (Tichelmann loop)

This is a system that does not have to be adjusted after installation. This is achieved due to the fact that all radiators are in the same hydraulic conditions: the sum of the lengths of all pipes (supply + return) to each radiator is the same.

The connection scheme of one heating loop: single-level (at the same static height), with equal power radiators, is very simple and reliable. The supply line (except for the supply to the last radiator) is made of pipes Ø 26 mm, the return pipeline (except for the outlet from the first battery) is also made of pipes Ø 26 mm. The rest of the pipes are Ø 16 mm. The system also includes:

• balancing taps, if the batteries differ in power from each other;
• ball valves if the batteries are the same.

The Tichelman loop is somewhat more expensive than the collector and dead end systems. It is desirable to design such a system if the number of radiators exceeds 10 pcs. For a smaller number, you can choose a dead-end system, but subject to the possibility of a balanced separation of the "shoulders".

When choosing this scheme, you need to pay attention to the possibility of laying pipes around the perimeter of the house so as not to cross doorways. Otherwise, the pipe will have to be turned 180 °, leading it back along the heating system. Thus, in some areas, not two pipes, but three will be laid nearby. Such a system is sometimes referred to as a "three-pipe". In this case, the hitch becomes unnecessarily expensive, cumbersome, and it is worth considering other heating schemes, for example, dividing the dead-end system into several “shoulders”.

Connection to the heating system of water heated floors

Most often, underfloor heating is an addition to the main heating system, but sometimes they are the only heaters. If the heat generator for underfloor heating and radiators is the same boiler, then piping on the floor is best done on the return line, on the cooled coolant. If the floor heating system is powered by a separate heat generator, you need to set the temperature according to the recommendations for the selected floor heating.

The connection of this system goes through a collector, which consists of two parts. The first is equipped with valve control inserts, the other part is equipped with rotameters - that is, coolant flow meters. Rotameters are available in two types: with installation on the supply and on the return. Masters advise: if during installation you forgot which rotameter you bought, navigate in the direction of flow - the fluid supply should always go “under the saddle”, opening the valve, and not closing it.

Connection of underfloor heating on the return: 1 - ball valves; 2 - check valve; 3 - three-way mixer; 4 - circulation pump; 5 - bypass valve; 6 - collector; 7 - to the boiler

When planning a heating system in your home, you need to weigh the pros and cons of each scheme in relation to the design of the house itself.

The layout of heating pipes is carried out taking into account many features. For example, it can be performed in a one- or two-pipe way. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the system must be selected on an individual basis. It must take into account the structural features of the building. Heating wiring in a private house is carried out according to certain requirements, which should be considered in more detail.

One-pipe method

When creating a single-pipe heating distribution, all its components are connected to each other. They are connected in series in one network. The result is one long pipe.

Usually single-pipe systems are filled with water. The final point where the liquid enters is the radiators. Subsequently, the heat from the heated water is given to the premises through the batteries.

Water is heated in the boiler. Then it moves through the pipes to enter the radiator. This heating system has several disadvantages. The main disadvantage is that the final radiator is located at a great distance from the boiler, due to which the water in it heats up weakly. This shortcoming can be eliminated with a slight modification of the battery. It should be done with many sections. If you follow these tips, the single-pipe type system becomes much more efficient.

Such a wiring diagram for heating a private house works great if you install it in a building with two floors. It's pretty easy to explain. If such a wiring were mounted in a one-story building, one would have to look for a suitable place for the collector. Such an element is necessary for the correct operation of the entire system.

The accelerating manifold is required to speed up the transfer of heat to the radiators. The device allows you to maintain the water temperature at the desired level and reduces the noise level.

The efficiency of work in this case is directly dependent on the location of the collector. The higher it is, the better. In the presence of a house with two floors, such problems do not arise - the collector will cope with the task of maintaining heat and at the same time not creating unnecessary noise.

Other advantages of single pipe wiring:

• When choosing a single-pipe wiring, you do not have to spend a lot of money. The low cost is ensured by the small number of pipes.
• Another advantage of this method of diluting heating is the possibility of laying even in the most inaccessible places.
• Simple installation and aesthetics can also be counted among the advantages of installing such a system.

However, this method of wiring also has its drawbacks. For example, if you need to replace broken elements, the heating in the house will have to be completely turned off. In addition, heating is uneven. It depends on the distance between the boiler and the remote battery.

However, in the case of modernization of the design and with proper installation, it will be quite effective. You can install such a system in several steps. You can do the work yourself.

Types of single-pipe wiring

Single-pipe type heating wiring may differ in execution. Different systems differ in certain features:

Schemes of such varieties of single-pipe systems should be studied before determining the type of heating wiring.

Features of single-pipe wiring

It is quite simple to install all the details of the system inside the house. In this case, it starts from the water supply point and ends at the heating equipment. Diagonal connection is the most effective, so it is chosen more often. An expansion tank must be placed in the building.

There is also a simpler option that is easy to implement on your own. In this case, it is necessary to put the door on the flight of stairs. This will isolate the floors from each other. This option is quite effective, although not very aesthetic.

Advice! Before wiring, it is necessary to study various schemes. Then it will be much easier to decide on the choice of system.

Two-pipe wiring

Such systems can be no less efficient than single-pipe ones. This method is suitable for heating houses with one and two floors. Its difference is that the temperature can be independently changed in any room.

Another feature of the two-pipe type system is the fact that the forward and return circuits are separated from each other.

The heated liquid is fed into the system through the supply channels. Through the inlet pipes, water begins to go to the batteries. It can also be carried out to warm floors. After the liquid has cooled down, it is automatically withdrawn back. Such systems have one positive feature - how water will pass to certain batteries can be adjusted manually.

The upper wiring may be invisible if pipes are mounted above doorways and covered with decorative elements. In this case, the pipes will be masked as much as possible.

If the system is installed in a building with two floors, an open tank can be installed. However, it can only be placed in the attic. With the lower wiring, the pipes will be located below the windowsill.

This method is a little more difficult in terms of implementation, since, in addition to installing pipes, you will have to install an open expansion tank. It must be installed above the placement of straight pipes.

Vertical layout with top wiring

When choosing such a model, the coolant will go to the attic from the heater. The liquid then goes to all the batteries in the house.

Attention! You can prevent the system from becoming airy by removing air from time to time. For this purpose it is necessary to install an expansion tank.

Such schemes are more efficient lower wiring. This is due to the high pressure that is supplied through the risers.

Bottom wiring vertical type

A two-pipe heating system with a lower wiring is created sequentially:

• A main pipeline must be laid along the floor of the basement or first floor. It will take its origin from the boiler.
• It is necessary to carry out vertical pipes along the main pipe, due to which the coolant will move to the batteries.

When designing a diagram of a two-pipe heating system with a lower wiring, it is necessary to determine how air will be removed from the pipeline. This requirement can be met by installing an air pipe and an expansion tank.

Horizontal system

Quite popular is the horizontal version of the wiring, in which the coolant circulates forcibly. There are several schemes:

When installing a beam system, you will have to spend money on pipes.

Beam wiring

For two-story buildings, as well as houses with many floors, if it is not possible to lay pipes along the walls, it is better to use radiant heating distribution.

If the radial wiring of the heating system is performed, the coolant is evenly distributed over all batteries. It does not matter how close to the room the boiler is located. All rooms heat up equally well. You can repair the system without shutting it down.

For these reasons, many users choose the beam wiring of the heating system. Especially often it is installed in houses with two floors. Such systems have another drawback - they are always made with two pipes. Therefore, their installation is quite expensive and requires more material.

Such wiring is collector, since the main element in it is the collector. Thanks to this element, the coolant is distributed along the circuits, starting from the main line.

As you can see, the distribution of heating in the house is carried out in different ways. When choosing the most suitable system, you should understand the scheme that is most suitable for a particular home.

Distribution pipes

Pipe material is important when installing a heating system. Quite often, products made of metal-plastic, polypropylene, copper are chosen. Often used galvanized pipes and stainless steel models.

Each type of pipe deserves separate consideration:

Such features of the choice of pipes from various materials must be taken into account.

As you can see, there are many features of creating wiring in a private house. This is due to differences in the areas of buildings and their number of storeys. When choosing a specific scheme, it is important to consider such parameters. The installation of the heating system must comply with a pre-created wiring plan. When designing a circuit, it is better to enlist the help of professionals. This will help make the heating system as efficient as possible.

In this article, we will step by step deal with how to make heating in a private house, consider various types of heating boilers and radiators. The article also contains detailed instructions for choosing pipes for heating.

Just a few decades ago, the only type of home heating was stove, which was explained by the cheapness of solid fuel and the lack of access to other sources of energy. In a relatively short time, heating systems have developed very strongly and there are so many varieties of them that the owner of the house may have the agony of choosing exactly the option that suits him best.

Types of energy sources and factors determining their choice

The main factor influencing the correct choice of a heating system is the presence of a nearby available fuel or energy source, which will later be converted into the heat we need. What is used by mankind at the present time.

solid fuel

Types of solid fuel

Solid fuel has been used by man since ancient times as a source of energy. They may be:

• Firewood or any kind of wood, including wood waste. This is the most used type of fuel that has not lost its relevance so far. Its modern types can also be attributed to the same category: pellets or fuel briquettes (euro firewood), for the production of which dried and compressed wood waste is used. Due to the low moisture content of these products, manufacturers assure that their calorific value is 2-3 times higher than traditional firewood.
• Coal gives more heat when burned than wood, but it forms a significant amount of slag, which requires periodic cleaning and removal. To ignite coal, all the same wood fuel is required.
• Peat in its pure form is no longer used for fuel, so manufacturers offer the so-called peat briquettes, where the raw material is thoroughly dried and then pressed into a form convenient for transportation and storage. Naturally, the calorific value of such briquettes is much higher than that of natural peat.

Fireplaces and stoves

The very first sources of thermal energy were ordinary fires, and then fireplaces and stoves appeared, where there is at least some control over the combustion of solid fuel. And it is too early to send this type of heating to the "dump of history". If we are talking about a private house where people appear periodically, and do not live permanently (for example, a summer cottage), then a fireplace or stove would be ideal. Craftsmen have developed many wonderful projects in which. In such houses, owners with such stoves can simultaneously admire an open flame, heat rooms and cook food.

For more information, read the article on our website.

Solid fuel boilers

In order to transfer energy to the coolant, which is most often water, there are special solid fuel ones, for a long time they were undeservedly relegated to the background, thanks to the victorious march of gas boilers. But recently, against the backdrop of a constant rise in the cost of the main energy carriers: electricity, gas and various types of liquid fuels, they are reborn. We list the main advantages of solid fuel boilers:

• Solid fuel boilers have the lowest cost of generated thermal energy: one kilowatt of energy produced by them in 4 timescheaper,howat burning natural gas, not less than 8 times cheaper,howat combustion of diesel fuel and 17 times cheaper than heat generated by an electric boiler.
• Most modern solid fuel boilers do not require an electrical connection, their automation is non-volatile. Therefore, it is advantageous to operate them where there is no gas supply, there are frequent interruptions or there is no electricity supply. It should be noted that for complete autonomy with a solid fuel boiler, a heating system with natural circulation and an open expansion tank should be designed.
• Modern models of long-term combustion are practically "omnivorous" - they accept any type of solid fuel, including various combustible waste. They require only one or two times a day cleaning and bookmarking. Due to the conditions created in them, the combustion of fuel occurs most completely, therefore there is much less ash and slag in them.

But, solid fuel boilers are not perfect, therefore they have a number of disadvantages:

• Even with "advanced" automation, this type of boiler requires the mandatory participation of a person for cleaning and laying a new portion of fuel. Pellet boilers are partially devoid of this drawback, in which the supply from the bunker to the combustion chamber occurs automatically, but they also require periodic cleaning, and the cost still “bites”.
• Solid fuel boilers are large and require a separate room for themselves and for a supply of fuel, as well as a chimney that can withstand high temperatures.
• These types of boilers have a very large thermal inertia and can generate excess heat for heating, so it is advisable to equip them with water heat accumulator, and this greatly affects the overall cost of the heating system.

Nevertheless, solid fuel boilers will be used by mankind for a very long time, as they run on renewable fuels, which cannot be said about hydrocarbons, whose reserves are depleted and their prices are constantly growing. In private homes, their use is justified only where there is no gas supply or there is a source of solid fuel at a very low price.

It looks attractive: the manufacturer claims that one load of coal will last up to 130 hours of work, briquettes - up to 72 hours, firewood - up to 31 hours. Moreover, initially Lithuanian boilers are now manufactured for our market in St. Petersburg, although this mainly affects only the price.

• Versatility
• Long work on one load, especially on briquettes

• Difficult to clean and load
• Bright yellow body - dirt is clearly visible
• Steel, not cast iron

Prices for solid fuel boiler Stropuva S40U

Cast iron and simple as a hammer - what else do you need from a classic solid fuel boiler? And the Italians did not spare the cast iron - the boiler weighs 350 kg. Power on coal reaches 45 kilowatts, on wood - up to 40. So even with not the highest quality fuel there is a decent supply.

• Durability
• Ease of loading and cleaning

• Major floor reinforcement required

Prices for solid fuel boiler Sime SOLIDA EV 5

In terms of efficiency, the boiler came out not to say that it was successful: 71.65% on coal, on wood, and 63.15% at all. There are more efficient solid fuel boilers on our market. But at the same time, the heat exchanger is strong and durable, solid fuel Protherm (unlike gas counterparts) performs well in operation.

• Reliable cast iron heat exchanger

• Not the longest burning time

One of the most important elements of private housing is the design and installation of heating systems. A boiler room in a private house with your own hands is not an easy task. A significant factor is that the installed independent heating must be characterized by quality, economy and efficiency. Of course, it is best to organize the installation of heating in a private house by specialists.

It is not only possible, but also necessary, to involve designers and installers in the process, but as workers or consultants, it is up to the landlord to decide. Regardless of the option chosen, it is necessary to clearly understand each stage of the development and installation of the heating system. This article is a step-by-step guide designed to help organize the calculation of the heating system of a private house or competently hire specialists for this.

Most often, private housing is heated by a water heating system, since this option has the most important advantage - versatility. In addition, water systems make it possible to make heating combined when not one energy carrier is used, but two or three of its types.

In any case, the distribution of heating pipes in a private house and its heating system with a coolant as a transmission link contains the following elements:

• heat source;
• a network of pipelines with fittings and additional equipment for regulating the coolant;
• heating devices (radiators or contours of "warm floor" systems).

Additional equipment includes the following parts of the chain:

• expansion tank;
• circulation pump;
• hydraulic separator (hydraulic arrow);
• buffer capacity;
• distribution manifold;
• indirect heating boiler;
• devices and means of automation.

It is worth noting that an expansion tank is an indispensable element of a water heating system, since when it heats up, the water expands, and so that there are no breaks in the connections, a container is needed to receive excess liquid, and all other attributes are set as needed.

The pump performs forced circulation of water in the system, and if there are several circuits in the circuit that are separated by a hydraulic arrow or buffer tank, then two or more pumps are used. The buffer tank, in turn, is responsible for two tasks: it acts as a heat accumulator and works as a hydraulic separator. In cottages with several levels, boiler circulation circuits are also used.

In the case of organizing a beam scheme for connecting radiators or in underfloor heating systems, collectors are installed to distribute the coolant. An indirect heating boiler is a tank with a coil, which is used to heat water from the coolant for the needs of domestic hot water.

Manometers and thermometers are used to visually demonstrate and control the pressure and temperature of water in the heating system. And such automation elements as controllers, sensors, servo drives and thermostats, not only control the performance of the coolant, but also carry out their automatic adjustment.

Also, the water heating system of a private house is maintained and controlled using shut-off and control valves:

Now that you have familiarized yourself with the main elements of the heating system, you can proceed to the calculations.

How to calculate the heating system and boiler power?

Without knowing the amount of thermal energy needed to heat the room, it is impossible to choose the equipment and make the correct heating wiring in a private house with your own hands. This amount can be determined by approximate or exact calculation. The first option for calculating the heat output by the area of ​​​​heated premises is very fond of sellers of heating equipment, as it is simple and allows you to "shove" a little extra materials.

In this case, each room is taken separately, its dimensions are measured, the area is calculated, which is multiplied by 100 watts. Then the same calculations are made for other rooms. Summing up, these indicators calculate the heat energy required to heat the entire building.

We propose a more accurate method - to use and .

The program will automatically quickly make all the calculations, taking into account the various parameters of the room. It is important that the calculations are carried out for each room separately, in turn entering into the program, the data is needed. Then all these results also need to be summed up, these will be the heat losses of this private house.

Schemes of various heating systems

In private homes, one- and two-pipe systems are quite popular. It's pretty easy to tell them apart:

• in a single-pipe system, all radiators are connected to a common manifold. Passing by all the radiators in the form of a closed ring, it serves as both a supply and a return;
• in a two-pipe system, the coolant goes to the radiators through one pipe, and leaves through the other.

It is quite difficult to choose the right heating system for a private house, so it will not be superfluous to consult a specialist. A two-pipe system is more reliable than a one-pipe system.

A single-pipe system, contrary to the generally accepted opinion about lower construction costs, it is worth noting that such a system is not only more expensive, but also more difficult to implement. This video explains it very well:

The trick is that in a single-pipe system, water, moving from radiator to radiator, cools down more each time, so their power should increase by increasing the number of sections. Moreover, the distribution manifold must have a larger diameter, unlike a two-pipe system. And finally, in a single-pipe system, automatic control is difficult due to the mutual influence of the radiators on each other.

In a country house or a small house where the number of radiators does not exceed 5, you can safely start installing a single-pipe horizontal system (in everyday life - Leningrad). With a larger number of radiators, it will not be able to work normally due to the fact that the last radiators will be cold.

As an option - installation of a vertical single-pipe system in a private two-story house. Such systems are quite common and function normally.

The two-pipe heating distribution scheme from the boiler allows the coolant to be delivered to all radiators with the same temperature, so that there is no need for additional sections. The division into a return and a supply main line allows automatic control with the help of thermostatic valves.

The system is basically simpler, and the diameters of the main pipelines are smaller. Varieties of two-wire systems are as follows:

• dead-end: pipelines are divided into branches, which are called shoulders, through them the coolant flows opposite each other;
• associated two-pipe system: in this case, the collector is a continuation of the supply one, and the water moves in one direction, so the circuit forms a ring;
• beam (collector). It is the most expensive wiring method: pipelines from the collector are laid to each radiator in the floor.

If you lay horizontal pipes of larger diameter with a slope of 3 - 5 mm per 1 m, then the system will work by gravity (due to gravity). Such a system can rightly be considered non-volatile, since it does not require the installation of a circulation pump. It is worth noting that both a single-pipe and a two-pipe scheme can work in this way, the only condition must be to create the appropriate conditions in which the coolant will circulate naturally.

The heating system can be open, for this you need to install an expansion tank at the top point, which will communicate with the atmosphere. This design scheme is used in gravity networks, otherwise it is impossible to make heating there.

The system can be made of a closed type, which will operate from excess pressure, if a membrane-type expansion tank is installed near the heating boiler on the return line. This solution is quite new and is mainly used in systems where there is a forced movement of the coolant.

It is impossible not to mention the underfloor heating system for heating the house. A significant disadvantage is the high cost, since hundreds of meters of pipes will be required in the floor screed, which can result in a heating water circuit distributed throughout the room.

The ends of the pipes go to a distribution manifold with a mixing unit, which has its own circulation pump. One of the most important advantages I would like to note is the comfortable uniform heating of the premises. This system is suitable for any living space.

Tip: for the owner of a house with a total area not exceeding 150 m2, you can safely install a two-pipe system with forced circulation. In this case, the pipe diameters will be as follows: for lines - no more than 25 mm, for connecting to radiators - 15 mm.

Design and installation of the heating system

It is installed both in an already built house and mounted during the construction of a new building.

During the construction of a building, installation is easier and more economical, it is possible to install pipes in walls or lay them in the floor, however, regardless of the stage of heating in the house, it is necessary to meet the requirements for its installation:

• installation must be carried out in a warm room. Heating should not be started at temperatures below 5°C. This is done as a precaution to prevent overcooling of the coolant;
• the line is mounted along the wall, inside them or in the floor with a minimum height of 150 mm, otherwise the pipes may be damaged during the installation of the plinth;
• so that air plugs do not appear in the system, any pipe drops should be excluded;
• batteries must also be installed near the window, retreating at least 150 mm from the floor and 50 mm from the window sill, and at the same level in all rooms and taking into account the manufacturer's recommendations;
• so that there are no malfunctions in the operation of the system, an expansion tank should be installed and a drain should be equipped to replace the coolant if necessary. It is recommended to change water every 6-7 years, and antifreeze more often - once every 3-4 years. When replacing the coolant, it is necessary to flush the system.

To install a heating system in a private house, a project is required. It is composed as follows:

1. Draw a rough floor plan of the house.
2. Sort the rooms according to the degree of comfort.
3. Calculate the heat loss of each room separately.
4. Plan how the batteries will be located in each room.
5. Calculate how many sections you need for each battery.
6. Decide which heating scheme will be optimal for you.
7. Calculate the boiler power, the required amount of material (number of valves, tee, automation, pipe footage, etc.).

Important! It is quite difficult to do all the work yourself, so it would be better to ask what are the prices for installing a heating system in a private house in different companies. This will simplify the task of determining which work can be done on your own, and which is better to entrust to professionals.

Heating system installation steps:

• boiler installation;
• piping;
• battery installation;
• docking batteries with pipes;
• installation of thermostats and pressure gauges;
• installation of expansion tank and pump;
• connection of the boiler to the system.

When the heating system is fully assembled, it must be tested. To carry out this operation, it is required to fill the pipes with water and create the required pressure. The next step will be to check all connections between pipes and connections to batteries. In the event of defects, they must be eliminated and re-inspected.

It follows from this that the installation of a heating system in a private house is a rather complicated and lengthy procedure, the implementation of which requires considerable knowledge. To this should be added the prices for materials and for the implementation of installation work. You also need to remember that all steps and decisions taken must be consistent with the permitting authorities. Only after all permits have been received and the system has been tested, it can be said with confidence that the heating system is ready and will provide comfort and safe use in the future.