Belaz 110. Belaz mining dump trucks. Weight and dimensions, power parameters

The rapidly developing mining industry over the past decades has become the impetus for the production of quarry vehicles capable of transporting not only very heavy, but also bulky cargo. Among all the manufacturers that have ever produced quarry equipment, the most advanced enterprise is BelAZ. Cars of this brand can make a strong impression with their dimensions and technical characteristics. The BelAZ-7540 is not only distinguished by its enormous cross-country ability, but also has a serious carrying capacity.

These machines are operated in the most difficult conditions, access to which is very difficult, and the climatic conditions are not the most favorable. The machines are widely used throughout the world in the mining industry, as well as in the construction of large facilities for various purposes. BelAZ-7540 is the standard of power and high reliability.

How BelAZ was created

The history of this plant, and with it the car, dates back to the post-war period. In the difficult and distant year of 1948, a machine-building peat plant was built in the city of Zhodino, Minsk region.

In the first years it practically did not work, but in 1958 the production of dump trucks with a carrying capacity of 25 tons MAZ-525 was transferred. Although these products were not distinguished by quality, the production of these cars was carried out for quite a long time. At the same time, new models were developed. So, in 1961, the BelAZ-540 with a lifting capacity of 27 tons rolled off the plant’s assembly line. At the same time, the plant’s designers created a vehicle with a fantastic lifting capacity of 40 tons.

The plant has repeatedly received various high awards, including at international exhibitions. But this is not the limit for BelAZ. In 1969, the 75-ton open-pit BelAZ-549 appeared, and in 1978, model 7419, capable of transporting up to 110 tons of cargo. Next, the plant produced BelAZ-75211 with a carrying capacity of 170 tons.

The BelAZ-7540 model has been produced by the plant since 1992. The dump truck is considered one of the best in the world. The car is the smallest among production cars, but its characteristics are not comparable to the features and capabilities of other trucks from global manufacturers. This dump truck was designed to transport rocks from the mining point to storage or processing points.

Vehicle Features

The conditions in which such vehicles operate are by no means easy. Even if you do not take into account small distances (from 1 to 5 km), these vehicles have to move through difficult areas. The roads have a variable profile and a large number of turns. Often temporary roads are created in quarries, the surface of which is unsatisfactory. In addition, the roads consist of alternating ascents and descents of varying lengths. Therefore, a mining dump truck must have serious technical characteristics.

It should be noted that BelAZ-7540 is a whole family of models. As for the operating parameters, they are the same in all modifications. The only difference between them is the engines. These cars are also equipped with a torque converter gearbox, two types of brakes, a comfortable cabin with climate control and other functions.

Modifications and engines

The characteristics of the BelAZ-7540 depend on the engine that is installed in the car. Models 7540A are equipped with YaMZ-240 PM2 engines. The maximum net power of this unit is 420 hp, and the crankshaft speed will not be higher than 2100 rpm. This diesel unit has a volume of 22.3 liters, and the cylinders are arranged in a V-shape. The engine is not turbocharged. Cooling system - liquid type. The maximum torque is 1491 Nm at 1600 rpm.

The 7540V modification is equipped with a motor of the YaMZ-240M2-1 series. This model It differs only in the presence of turbocharging and a pre-cooling system for the air flow.

The 7540S model is equipped with MMZ D-280 units. The power of this engine is 425 hp. at a crankshaft speed of 2100 rpm. This engine has 8 cylinders with a V-shaped arrangement. equal to 17.24 liters. The maximum torque is 1913 Nm at a crankshaft speed of 1300. The engine is equipped with a gas turbine supercharging system. In this case, there is an intermediate air cooling system.

The 7540 D series is equipped with imported eight-cylinder Deutz BF8M1015 engines. The power of such a unit is 350 horsepower at a crankshaft speed of 2050 rpm. The working volume of the cylinders is 16 liters. Maximum torque - 1835 Nm. Along with these models, there are other modifications in the series. They are equipped with engines from the American manufacturer Cummins.

Fuel consumption

As you can see, all the engines are quite large. How much does the BelAZ-7540 consume? One point worth considering is quarry equipment. Fuel consumption here is not per kilometer, but per hour. So, in one hour, models A, B, and E consume 55.3 liters of fuel according to the passport. Model C - 59.77 l/h. Belaz D series needs 60.89 liters for one hour of engine operation.

Automatic transmission

Regardless of the configuration, as well as the modification, each car in this series is equipped with a torque converter automatic transmission. The transmission is distinguished by the presence of a three-shaft matching gearbox. The design also features a single-stage torque converter. The gearbox is four-shaft, equipped with an electric-hydraulic control drive. The transmission allows the use of five gears for forward movement and two for reverse movement.

To operate in light conditions, dump trucks can be equipped with an automatic transmission with four gears. Three are for forward movement, and one is for reverse.

Loading platform

The dump truck has a bucket-type platform. It is welded and has a protective visor. Additionally, it can be heated from exhaust gas energy. The platform is equipped with a special device for locking it in the raised position.

Frame

The chassis is welded, made of the most durable types of low-alloy steel. The spars have a box-shaped section and are distinguished by variable height. The spars are connected by cross members.

The design of the BelAZ-7540 is practically no different from other trucks, except for different overall dimensions.

Cabin and equipment

The car is equipped with a single all-metal cabin. It is located above the power unit. To get into the car, the driver needs to climb the stairs. There are two of these in the car - on the right and left sides. The interior is equipped with everything necessary for comfortable driving. The seat is equipped with a shock absorption system - so the driver can more easily endure shaking and vibration. Indeed, despite the large wheels, the car behaves very harshly on uneven surfaces, as noted by reviews. The chair is adjustable in height and also in length. There is an adjustable backrest angle.

Control devices are located directly in front of the driver's eyes. This greatly simplifies the monitoring of key indicators and vehicle systems. The dashboard has a tachometer, speedometer, pressure gauge for monitoring brake pressure, voltmeter and a meter that takes into account engine hours. Mirrors make it possible to fully control everything that happens behind the car.

This specialized machine is designed for operation in any terrain, in any climate. Therefore, the cabin has a system that maintains a comfortable microclimate. Reviews say that working behind the wheel of a BelAZ is quite comfortable.

Dump truck chassis

The BelAZ-7540 suspension is dependent for each axle. It contains pneumohydraulic cylinders filled with nitrogen and oil. Two of them are located on the front axle, two on the rear axle. Cylinder strokes are from 205 to 265 mm.

Brake system

The BelAZ-7540 mining dump truck is equipped with a drum-type working brake system with a pneumatic drive. There is also a handbrake controlled from the interior. In addition, there is a spare and retarder brake. The system has a separator to discharge condensate that periodically accumulates in the truck's air system.

Repair and service

The machine is serviced after operating a certain number of engine hours. It is necessary to carry out service activities regularly, otherwise the car may fail. TO-1 is performed every 100 engine hours or 2 thousand kilometers. TO-2 - after 500 hours or 20 thousand kilometers. The cost of spare parts and components is very high, and in the event of a breakdown, repairing a BelAZ-7540 can cost significant sums. But overall, the car is reliable because it was designed to work in difficult conditions. Some models have been successfully used for 25 years without major repairs.

In the fall of 2013, the legendary BelAZ once again made people talk about themselves. Belarusians have built a machine that has no equal - the world's first and only dump truck with a lifting capacity of 450 tons! For comparison: the previous record holders, the German Liebherr T 282B and the American Caterpillar 797 °F and Bucyrus MT6300AC, could carry “only” 363 tons. “Oh, these small cars,” the BelAZ residents said with a smile and pulled the cover off the new BelAZ-75710.

The new BelAZ workshops, designed for on-site assembly of ultra-large equipment, are designed so that the BelAZ-75710 can be located inside with a raised platform.

Tim Skorenko

The car was presented general public at the very end of September, and in November we came to the plant to personally verify that the giant is not a show car and not a car specifically for the Guinness Book of Records (although it, of course, will soon be entered there). No, the BelAZ-75710 is a workhorse, a serious mining dump truck, already heading to the Kuzbass quarries. And this is only the first machine; an agreement has been reached to create two more giants.

The first question we asked our consultant was simply: “Why?” After all, there is a certain logical limit, raising the load capacity above which does not make sense, and sometimes it is impossible! The thing is that the cost of transporting a ton of cargo directly depends on the carrying capacity of a mining dump truck. Simply put, the higher the load capacity, the lower the cost. Two 225-ton trucks will cost significantly more to produce and operate than one dump truck twice the size. Oddly enough, the need for such a giant was fueled by the global economic crisis: the profitability of mineral resources fell significantly, and there was a need to reduce the cost of production and transportation. This is where BelAZ appeared.

However, talk about the car began quite a long time ago. Preliminary negotiations with potential buyers went well, and BelAZ decided to start production. Now the car has already been purchased, and the next chassis will begin to be assembled in the first half of 2014. Assembly of the giant - of course, not a conveyor belt, but a stationary one, practically manual - takes only two months, and the machine was developed in record time - exactly two years passed from the preliminary design to leaving the workshop.

Two hearts

Basically, 75710 is a new class. It is difficult to combine it with dump trucks lifting from 320 to 363 tons - they have different design solutions, sometimes a different layout. Actually, even externally the giant is completely different from other mining machines, but the most amazing thing lies inside.

For such a huge vehicle, the most important indicator is maneuverability, especially since quarry work requires a fairly precise approach to the loading area and movement in difficult road conditions. To rotate, the designers used two rotating bearings and two hinges. Each such unit resembles an inverted excavator, only the bottom of the excavator is motionless, and the tower rotates, but here it remains motionless top part, and the bridges are turning. At the very beginning of development, there were thoughts about an articulated system with a “breakable” frame, but such a design has a very weak point - the hinge itself, the failure of which turns the truck into a pile of metal. BelAZ-75710 does not have such a drawback. Its frame consists of three elements - the main frame and two frames of rotating devices, articulated with the base by three-row roller bearings with a diameter of 2.75 m. Each axis is rotated using two hydraulic cylinders: one pushes, the other pulls, or vice versa. However, everything in the car is hydraulic - the steering, the lifting of the body, and the braking system. From pneumatics - only the starter. This is a global practice: of the factories producing quarry equipment, only Komatsu sticks to pneumatic systems, while the rest have long switched to hydraulics - it is simpler and more reliable.

1. Radar and rear view camera. There are similar radars on the sides and front of the car. 2. Rear axle. Access inside allows for servicing the motor wheels. 3. Pneumohydraulic suspension cylinders. In front of the axle, symmetrically to the cylinders, there are anti-roll bar struts.

Turning occurs like this: the driver turns the steering wheel, controlling the hydraulic pump, and the system applies pressure to the turning hydraulic cylinders. The axles move separately: first the front axle rotates to its extreme position, then the rear axle rotates. But the scheme is being improved - and the possibility of simultaneously turning the bridges has already been implemented, which greatly reduces the turning radius (today it is 19.8 m with a total length of the vehicle of 20 m). The plans include the possibility of simultaneous rotation of the bridges in one direction so that the vehicle can move in a “crab” manner, but this system will be implemented on other dump trucks in the series.

In case the hydraulic turning system fails for some reason, the BelAZ is equipped with pneumatic hydraulic accumulators for the steering. The pressure in them is enough to rotate the axles once from one extreme position to the other - this will allow you to drive off the road in an emergency, giving way to another dump truck. On a 360-tonne vessel, only two such cylinders are enough, but here there are as many as six installed.

Interestingly, for the first time, Belarusians used anti-roll bars on quarry equipment. This is BelAZ know-how: stabilizers provide both smooth running and lateral stability against rollover.

4. Car frame. 5. Rotator frames, articulated with the main frame by a 2.75-meter three-row roller bearing. 6. Turning hydraulic cylinders. When turning right, the right cylinder of the front axle pushes, the left cylinder pulls, and vice versa on the rear axle.

In addition to the hydraulic steering system, the engine compartment is of great interest. In terms of area, it is comparable to the living room of an ordinary city apartment; you can walk around it, and if necessary, you can even live temporarily. Of course, after the dump truck has exhausted its lifespan. Two MTU DD 16V4000 diesel engines with 2330 hp each. each (an empty truck can move on one diesel engine) are connected to generators. Generators generate current, which, depending on the load, is transmitted to electric motor wheels. Thus, the car has both center and side-by-side electric differentials - how much energy is needed to rotate each individual wheel in this moment, so much is spent.

The system for removing exhaust gases from diesel engines is interesting. From one, gases are discharged to the side through the muffler - nothing special. But from the other they flow through a gas receiver... into the platform (namely the platform, not the body, as some say). The bottom line is that when working in northern conditions, the soil freezes, and the platform must be constantly heated. Using exhaust gases for this is the most rational solution, and the platform itself also serves as a muffler.

Such machines, especially those existing in very small quantity copies usually have nicknames. BelAZ-75710 has not yet acquired any established nickname - it is too new - engineers, technologists, testers, workers call it differently. Some called it a “brainchild”, some called it a “monster”, some called it a “bulldog”, but most of all we liked the affectionate nickname “hamster”, which the giant received for his huge “cheeks”. It would be very nice if it became official.

External components

The giant, upon closer examination, consists of hundreds of elements, each of which has its own purpose, which is not always clear at first glance. Therefore, while “crawling” around the car (there’s no other way to say it—the feeling is exclusively ant-like), we paid special attention to the details.

1. Installation of ventilated braking resistors of the electrodynamic brake. The energy spent on braking is converted into thermal energy, which is dissipated through resistors. 2. Siemens control cabinet - the electrical “heart” of the giant. 3. Cabin. Inside there are two seats: for the driver and for the trainee. 4. Technical unit, which houses the automatic centralized lubrication system (green tank), air starting cylinders for the starter and the expansion tank of the left engine. 5. Fuel tanks with a capacity of 2800 liters each. 6. Emergency pneumatic-hydraulic steering accumulators. In the event of a hydraulic system failure, the pressure in them is enough to make a maneuver and move to the side to ensure the passage of other dump trucks.

For example, transverse ribs are welded onto the platform. For what? After all, they will interfere with the unloading of ore! It's simple. The fact is that upon delivery to the customer, the dump truck is disassembled almost piece by piece. The BelAZ frame alone occupies three (!) railway platforms - it rests on one and hangs over two. The platform is also collapsible: the sides are removed, and the plane is disassembled into three parts. At the actual work site, the platform is assembled and scalded. But the dump truck needs to be tested somehow at the factory, together with the platform, but it cannot be welded, because the parts have a complex shape, and you can’t cut it back without damage. Therefore, for testing, the three components of the platform are temporarily fastened with welded channels, which are easily cut off before transportation. The welded hooks and chains we noticed in the body serve a similar purpose - purely for installation.

Behind the raised platform, powerful cables are visible connecting it to the frame. This is insurance: if the lifting hydraulic cylinder suddenly fails, the 78-ton platform will go down in 15 seconds, and if there are workers on the frame, this is fraught with dire consequences. In extreme cases, the locking cables will keep the body from dropping sharply.

The surface of the platform is covered with temporary welded channels that fasten its components. Before shipping to the customer, the channels will be cut and the platform will be welded on site to working condition. Its surface will certainly be flat.

For people new to mining equipment, BelAZ (as well as other giant dump trucks) has another amazing discovery in store. Those round shiny things on the front that most people think are headlights when looking at pictures are actually air filters. There are eight of them on BelAZ-75710. The air intake comes from below, and the round holes covered with reflector covers are purely technological, for installing and replacing filters. The headlights are located at the bottom - six small square LED lights. This is quite enough.

The truck has standard tires - Bridgestone 59/80R63, the same ones used on most mining trucks. Today, only Bridgestone and Michelin make tires of this size, but next year the release of an analogue from Goodyear has been announced, and a year later the Belarusian Belshina will also produce tires for supergiants. The load capacity of one tire is 101.6 tons, that is, eight wheels are designed for 812.8 tons (the total maximum weight of the truck is 810 tons).

What almost everyone mistakes for headlights are actually air filter openings. Air intake comes from below, and filters are installed and replaced through the holes. Decorative covers also serve as reflectors.

Right off the bat

When we left, the dump truck had already begun to be dismantled for shipment to the customer, which means we were lucky - we made it in time. BelAZ specialists will assemble it on site - a whole group will be sent along with the vehicle. Oddly enough, the service life of such machines is short - five to six years of operation. How can this be, you ask, because ordinary cars sometimes last for 30 years! But the point here is in operating conditions. The mining dump truck is designed to be used 23 hours a day (the “extra” hour is formed from two half-hour breaks for refueling, a brief technical inspection and a driver change). The average mileage during a “career” reaches 600,000 km. No machine can withstand such a regime with such loads, so in this case it is a very long service life. After decommissioning, mining dump trucks are usually used as spare parts for their still working “colleagues”.

During the factory run-in of large BelAZ vehicles with twin wheels on the rear axle, a technical trick is used. Tires are quite expensive and wear out quite quickly, so instead of two wheels, install one at a time - this does not interfere with running in and removal technical indicators, but saves rubber. A significant part of the trucks moving around the plant at the testing stage look strange due to the partially “rubber-coated” rear axles.

A common question: how much fuel does this BelAZ “eat”? Let's put it bluntly - decently (but - we need to repeat - less than what two half-size trucks would consume). The technical data contains a not very clear figure: specific fuel consumption at rated power is 198 g/kWh. To put it simply, over a 12-hour cycle, the truck “eats” two tanks of 2800 liters each, that is, more than 5000 liters of diesel fuel per shift. However, it is worth making a reservation: this is the maximum consumption with a fully loaded truck, as if it had been moving at maximum speed for 12 hours and 450 tons of rock. Of course, in reality it consumes significantly less fuel. You can refuel in the usual way, through the neck, but to speed up the process, special fuel refueling devices are used, similar to those previously used in Formula 1.

In Soviet times, automobile factories had a very high localization of production - up to 80% of parts and components were produced in one place. Abroad, on the contrary, components are ordered from dozens and even hundreds of highly specialized companies. In this sense, BelAZ is a European-type plant. A little less than 50% of the parts are made at the factory itself. High-strength Swedish steel Weldox 800, MTU engines, Siemens electrical systems, Bosch hydraulics, rubber, fire extinguishing system, centralized lubrication system are purchased. At the same time, most of what is purchased is created at other factories according to Belazov’s drawings specifically for Belarusian equipment - narrow specialization always allows one to achieve higher quality. Bridges, frames, platforms, cabins, tails, hubs, and motor-wheel gearboxes are made directly at BelAZ, but the main thing that we have here in Zhodino are bright minds. The trucks are completely developed based on more than half a century of experience.

Of course, such machines have very limited use - that’s why there are less than a dozen manufacturers in the world. But the demand is great, and the plant does not operate at a loss - giants are made exclusively by prior agreement with the customer. BelAZ also has a conveyor belt (we wrote about it in March 2009), but it assembles vehicles up to 220 tons. For heavier trucks, post-assembly is used. And therefore, when you hear the creators of Rolls-Royces or Maserati boasting about the manual assembly and uniqueness of their cars, remember the Belarusian giants. This is the real one handmade and truly complex and original technical solutions. There is no need for excessive pathos here. With 450 tons it simply doesn’t make sense - the numbers speak for themselves.

The editors would like to express their gratitude to BELAZ OJSC for their assistance in preparing the material and personally to the design engineer of the layout design bureau, Alexander Naskovets, for an interesting and qualified story about the car.

The article will focus on the world's largest dump truck - BelAZ-75710, which has a load capacity of 450 tons. The first copy was released in 2013. This car was created by order of the Siberian Business Union holding company. For the first time, operation was carried out at the Chernigovets coal mine. Already in 2014, this truck was able to set a Guinness record, becoming the most load-lifting vehicle in Europe and the CIS countries. He was able to transport a mass of 500 tons across the test site. In order to purchase this car, you need to spend about 10 billion dollars. The largest BelAZ is still in production today.

Specifications

This car received a diesel electric power plant. The two diesel engines have a power of more than 1,700 kW, that is, 2,300 horsepower. An electric generator is installed, as well as wheel motors. The traction unit of a mining BelAZ is capable of working with four motor wheels and two generators. The power of each is 1700 kW, and the wheel motor is 1200 kW. The suspension is of the hydropneumatic type. The shock absorbers have a diameter of 18 cm. The car has two fuel tanks, each with a capacity of 2800 liters. The maximum speed of the car is 67 km/h. About 1300 liters are consumed per 100 km.

Why was it created

At the first glance at the BelAZ-75710, many people have a question: “Why was it created?” The vehicle’s devices have significant overall dimensions, so few people understand why such a huge dump truck is needed. Many people assume that two smaller trucks can easily be used to transport large amounts of cargo.

This dump truck, as already written above, was created to order. At that time, to work in a quarry in the Kemerovo region, a giant machine was needed, so in 2013 the first car with this name appeared. What are the dimensions of BelAZ?

Dimensions and uniqueness

Its length is 20 m, width 9 m, height 8 m, and its carrying capacity, as indicated in the passport, was 450 tons. However, during tests that were carried out in 2014, this vehicle was able to travel with a load of 50 tons more. If you are interested in how much the BelAZ weighs, then the weight of the car is about 360 tons, if we talk about the equipped one. Total weight is about 900 tons. Even with the fact that the car has such gigantic dimensions, it still cannot be called clumsy, since its turning radius is only 45 m. The uniqueness of this dump truck is that diesel engines are not needed here to turn the gearbox shaft. Please note that there is no gearbox to move the car. The car is driven by traction electric motors.

So the largest dump truck in the world is a hybrid. It is so high that you can easily walk under the car and examine its underside.

Assembly

When creating the BelAZ-75710, no one tried to make this car smaller or more compact, so all the parts are located as accurately as possible and installed just perfectly. For example, two main motors are located transversely. The total is about 5 thousand horsepower.

The two engines that were installed in the car have a volume of 65 liters each. They are needed to ensure that generators operate without interference and generate current for the electric motor. Diesels are necessary for the normal functioning of the hydraulic system. Each motor has its own generator. Most of the systems that ensure the operation and functionality of motors are of an independent type.

Sometimes drivers report that the device can only run on one engine in order to maximize fuel savings. Accordingly, the second diesel engine starts working if necessary. You should not believe this information. In principle, this operating scheme is quite probable, even with the size of the BelAZ, but it was not implemented at the plant. However, there are plans for such implementation.

The generators are designed to generate current for the electric motors that are located inside the wheels. Many professional drivers know that a combination of such generators and engines is called a traction unit. However, it is not produced by the Belarusian plant, but by the Siemens company. Each electric motor of the BelAZ car received a power of 1600 horsepower, so the total power is 6520 hp. With. Transmission similar type called electromechanical.

There is also a power control cabinet located on the deck.

Brake system

The brake system is UVTR type. The disc brake wheels are hydraulically driven. However, you need to understand that such brakes will not be able to keep such a car in one place (considering how much the BelAZ weighs), so the manufacturer added another dynamic type braking system. Here, the electric motor is also working and moving and stopping.

When the braking system operates, heat is generated. Accordingly, it must be removed from the car, so the manufacturer added cooling of the braking resistors to the design.

Rotate the car

Also, many may not understand how a car turns when it has the same front and rear axles. The answer is simple - they are both managed types. There are two cylinders with steering rods, to put it in your own words. The rest is the usual traditional type control. There is a steering column, which is practically no different from other dump trucks. Hydraulic accumulators are built into the design, but they are more needed simply for safety reasons.

Wheels

The BelAZ wheels perform well, responding well to steering movement. The installed tires on this dump truck also deserve praise. They are created by Bridgestone. As a rule, such tires are not chosen for light cars, but for the largest BelAZ it is just right.

Any driver should understand that fiddling with such large wheels is a rather tedious and difficult task. Therefore, the manufacturer made sure that if the traction motors break down, they can be repaired without removing the wheels. Such characteristics are important for those people who will conduct activities related to the use of such a dump truck. The wheels can only be removed with a crane, and this is a rather time-consuming task. These parts cope well with heavy weight. Details about the carrying capacity of the BelAZ have been written earlier.

Dump truck deck

The car has a second floor - a deck. It is located next to the cabin where the driver is located. The latter is called the operator in this machine.

When going up to the second floor, you will notice a metal cabinet, which is the control panel. All the electrics are here and, importantly, its most important part is the transmission. Next to it is a system that provides cooling for the resistors.

Behind the control cabin is the integrated part of the hydraulic system, that is, the combination of steering, braking system and a special tilting mechanism.

There is a container in the middle of the deck that is hard to miss. The top of the tank is visible. This is exactly how the cooling system is designed. Unfortunately, it is impossible to install the tank on the lower tier, where the rest of the structure is, so it was placed so high.

Fans and radiators can be seen in the rear of the cabin. There are rear view mirrors which may seem quite small at first. However, up close they are the same size as the house mirrors in the hallway. We are talking only about the left mirror, since the right one is really small. Doors open against the direction of travel. This is convenient for both the driver and the passenger.

Control

The largest BelAZ is quite standard in handling, but many are confused by the presence of three pedals and a gear selector.

First, you need to remember that there is no checkpoint here. The selector is necessary in order to set the direction of movement of the car. To the right of it is a special body control. But why the third pedal? She is responsible for the brake. In the center there is a pedal for the hydraulic brake, and in order to avoid using the clutch lever (which was abandoned), another electrodynamic brake pedal is installed.

It is worth recalling that this vehicle can only be driven by a person who has not only cargo category C, but also a special BelAZ operator’s license.

It should be noted that the BelAZ steering wheel has quite ordinary characteristics, its parts and components are also standard and do not differ in any way from the design on other cars. When purchasing this dump truck, you will notice that it does not have headlights. They are not installed at the factory, although the wiring is done. After checking its functionality, the structure is immediately removed. This is done because immediately after delivery of the car to the customer, the car will still have to be disassembled, so there is no point in installing optics. The buttons located to the right of the steering column are responsible for the transmission, operation of diesel engines, windshield wipers and heated windows. There is also a special control unit that is responsible for the operation of the heating and air conditioning functions.

This car is designed in such a way that the load on each wheel is the same. The suspension travel is small, so if the driver sees some kind of obstacle in front of him, he will need to stop and somehow remove it. The dump truck is unlikely to overcome it. It should be noted: in order for such a vehicle to move as smoothly as possible, it is necessary to prepare the ground.

As additional characteristics of BelAZ, it should be noted that it has automatic system fire extinguishing, as well as monitoring tire pressure. There is also a lubrication system, it is automatic. Built-in cargo loading control system. Thanks to the electrodynamic braking system, you can safely save the life of the pads. In addition, the braking system works almost instantly. When a person switches from full traction to braking mode, the car adjusts in a second. Due to the fact that there is no classic gearbox, you can make uniform acceleration without switching.

The BelAZ's carrying capacity of 400 tons is truly impressive. At a higher mass, all systems operate stably.

Overclocking and resource

With an electromechanical transmission, accelerating in such a car will be quite easy and safe, since it is unlikely that anything can break here. There is no friction between parts, which means wear and damage are practically minimal.

Judging by customer reviews, you can see that such machines are capable of driving more than 900 thousand km in a quarry. In reality, many traveled more than a million. Although in fact, according to the manufacturer, the service life of this machine is calculated in engine hours, not kilometers. The maximum speed of the largest BelAZ is 64 km/h.

BelAZ mining dump trucks are real giants among cars. These multi-ton machines are at work all over the world.
In Khakassia, I had the opportunity not only to examine this giant up close and even ride in the cabin. At the Stepnoy coal mine, where I visited, over fifty BelAZ vehicles of various carrying capacities are working.

2. The most powerful BelAZ trucks are used when transporting waste rock - overburden. 130-ton trucks operate here, that is, BelAZ trucks with a carrying capacity of 130 tons. By weight, that's about the weight of four Boeing 737-300 aircraft, or 20 African elephants, or two railroad cars of coal. Of course, BelAZs don’t carry planes or elephants; I gave the numbers to understand how much this hero lifts.

3. There are special signs on the roads here.

4. BelAZ mining dump trucks with a carrying capacity of 110-136 tons are designed for transporting rock mass in difficult mining conditions of deep quarries, in open-pit mining of mineral deposits along technological roads in various climatic operating conditions (at ambient temperatures from -50 to +50 degrees ).

5. Well, are you ready to take a ride in the BelAZ? Then first you have to climb the stairs.
The most the best place for a photo as a keepsake. Please note that the cabin is completely protected by a canopy, this is necessary for safety.

6. There are two seats in the cabin. The review is very unusual. In order to control the situation around, many mirrors are installed.

7. From inside there is no feeling that you are sitting at the height of the second floor. All sizes here are much larger than in ordinary life: huge dumps, wide technological roads, oncoming traffic.

8. BelAZ driver Viktor Iglamovich real professional, has been working at the company for a very long time. I'm happy with the work and the technology. He makes more than 40 flights per shift. He has lunch right there in the cut, and during the break a canteen on wheels arrives.

9. There are three pedals on the floor in the cabin, but these are not the usual “clutch, brake and gas”. There is no clutch here, the wheels are driven by electric motors, but there are two brake pedals. One brake is dynamic, the other is conventional. The electrodynamic brake significantly reduces the mechanical wear of the friction materials of the brake linings; the classic brake is used only at low speeds and when maneuvering.

10. To some extent, BelAZ is an electric car, or more precisely a car with electric transmission. The diesel engine produces electricity, which drives the wheel motors. The control system algorithm optimizes the drive system parameters. Accordingly, gear shifting is not required and a smooth change in power is ensured when driving. The number of components subject to wear is significantly reduced. Dump trucks, like other equipment, operate around the clock, 365 days a year.

11. The on-board computer shows many parameters from suspension pressure to cargo weight and the number of flights per shift.

12. In terms of electronics, BelAZs are quite modern cars.

13. There are several cameras that show the situation in the back.

14. The vehicle fleet is constantly updated; several units of equipment are purchased every year. They are brought from Belarus disassembled into units, and dump trucks are assembled at the open pit.

15. Coal is transported on smaller dump trucks, their carrying capacity is 55 tons, which is also quite a lot. If you don't put these dump trucks next to each other, no one will say that they are small.

16. While moving along the open-pit mine, BelAZ trucks and other equipment raise a considerable amount of dust. To combat it, specialized tanks based on BelAZ vehicles are used. At other specialized enterprises there are even BelAZ trucks that lay explosives for industrial explosions.

17. Finally, one more photo from the section. Here the giant BelAZ trucks look like toys, everything here is so huge. But here people, with the help of machines, literally move mountains with their labor. At such moments you fully admire the genius of engineering.

18. I express my gratitude to the administration of the Russian Coal company and the Stepnoy open-pit mine for their assistance in preparing this report.

To complete the experience, I’m also posting a video:

Be sure to read

The BelAZ company has created the world's largest dump truck BelAZ-75710 with a carrying capacity of 450 tons, which is equivalent to three hundred Ford Focus, 37 double-decker buses or two and a half blue whales. By the way, the Airbus A380 - the largest passenger aircraft in the world - weighs significantly less, only 277 tons.

Let's take a closer look at this machine...

On September 25, the world's largest mining dump truck, BelAZ-75710, was presented at the test site. The carrying capacity of the new machine is 450 tons. Before this, the largest trucks were considered the BelAZ-75601 (created at the Belarusian Automobile Plant in 2007) and the Swiss Liebherr T282B (appeared in 2003) - both with a carrying capacity of 360 tons. The total weight of the vehicle is 810 tons. Soon the car will be included in the Guinness Book of Records.

The power plant of the record-breaking BelAZ-75710 includes 2 diesel engines with a total power of 8,500 hp, designed to supply energy to the electric motors that drive the giant wheels of the truck. The maximum speed of the supercar is 64 km/h.

The equipment of the BelAZ-75710 includes a blind spot monitoring system, air conditioning, an alarm system for approaching a high-voltage line, and fire extinguishing systems. The largest mining dump truck in the world is designed to operate in difficult conditions in open-pit mines and deep quarries at temperatures from -50 to +50 degrees. 8 dump truck wheels equipped with tubeless tires allow the heavy vehicle to easily move along industrial roads.

BelAZ-75710 was presented in the city of Zhodino, in honor of the 65th anniversary of the Belarusian Automobile Plant, known throughout the world for its heavy equipment and mining dump trucks. The appearance of the largest truck in the world is dictated by modern conditions, when the mining industry requires increasingly heavier and more powerful equipment. IN last years The production of ultra-high-capacity mining dump trucks has doubled and the growth trend continues. Taking into account market demand, BelAZ will produce about 1,000 such vehicles per year.

To increase production rates, the Belarusian enterprise has been actively pursuing a development program over the past year and a half, within the framework of which new workshops with an area of ​​more than 30 thousand square meters were built. A lot of new equipment has appeared, and in the near future it is planned to install about 700 machines and special technological installations. Currently, BelAZ produces the widest range of mining dump trucks. No other manufacturer in the world has such a number of models.

In addition, the service life of the vehicles increased from 400 thousand to 1 million kilometers. In total, throughout its history, the Belarusian Automobile Plant has produced more than 500 different models with a carrying capacity from 30 to 450 tons. Over the entire period, 136 thousand machines were manufactured, which are operated in 72 countries of the world.

The Belarusian Automobile Plant, the construction of which began near the city of Zhodino near Minsk (then still known as the Peat Mechanical Engineering Plant) in 1948, today produces products whose worldwide analogues can be counted on the fingers of one hand.

Over more than half a century of history, the Belarusian automobile enterprise near Minsk has produced over 120,000 units of quarry equipment. BelAZ trucks operate in almost 50 countries around the world. And the history of the plant began in Soviet everyday life: in 1946, the authorities decided to build a peat engineering plant (Resolution of the Supreme Council of the BSSR 09/11/1946 No. 137/308). Literally 2 years later, Belpromproekt has already completed the development and approval of the plant design. So, from the planning phase, the Belarusians moved on to the construction of buildings.

The Zhodino enterprise showed its first products in 1950, and the very next year the Peat Engineering Plant was repurposed into the Dormash Road and Reclamation Machinery Plant. In 1958, the enterprise received a new name, by which it is still known today - “Belarusian Automobile Plant”. The first 25-ton MAZ-525 dump truck rolled out of the gates of the enterprise with a new name.

Further more. In the same year, the production of 25-ton MAZ-525 dump trucks was transferred to Zhodino from the Minsk Automobile Plant. And in 1960, in the Minsk region, the production of the first samples of the MAZ-530 dump truck with a lifting capacity of 40 tons was launched. By that time, the thousandth MAZ-525 had rolled off the assembly line in Zhodino.

But for an enterprise that bore the proud name of an automobile plant, assembling trucks under license, of course, was not enough. Therefore, in 1960, it began designing dump trucks of a fundamentally new design for open-pit mining of mineral deposits.

However, already in April 1960, BelAZ created its own design service, headed by Z.L. Sirotkin, who came to Zhodino from Minsk together with a group of MAZ designers. The newly created department needed to solve a complex problem. Until recently considered a model new technology, MAZ-525 ceased to meet the increasing requirements of operators. Powerful mining and coal quarries, large hydraulic construction projects, and construction industry enterprises needed more high-performance dump trucks, maximally adapted, first of all, to working conditions in quarries.

The design service and the management of the enterprise decided not to improve the existing model of the dump truck, but to create a completely new car. This period can be called a milestone in the history of the Belarusian Automobile Plant. Factory designers studied the operating conditions and required specifications of the future dump truck, the contours of the future vehicle were born on the vertical drawing boards, and the correctness of the technical solutions adopted was checked on test benches.

Probably, now this may seem incredible, but then, in the era of unprecedented labor enthusiasm of the first post-war five-year plans, it was an almost ordinary event: in less than one year, a fundamentally new mining dump truck with a lifting capacity of 27 tons was created at the young plant under the name BelAZ-540, a prototype of which was released in September 1961.

The design of this vehicle included many new technical solutions for mechanical engineering, which subsequently ensured highly efficient operation of the dump truck in quarry conditions.

This is a pneumatic-hydraulic suspension, which was used for the first time in the practice of the domestic automotive industry, which ensured a high smooth ride both when loaded and unladen, a hydromechanical transmission, which was also used for mass-produced vehicles for the first time in the practice of our mechanical engineering, an original layout: the location of the cabin next to the engine allowed to obtain a minimum base and minimum overall dimensions and thereby increase the maneuverability of the vehicle, increase its stability, the bucket-type platform made it possible to lower the center of gravity and also increase the stability of the vehicle.

Original solutions for steering and platform tilting systems, empennage and other components have become traditional when creating dump trucks of the next payload classes.

BelAZ-540 became the founder of a whole family of heavy-duty dump trucks. In 1967, the enterprise mastered the production of the 40-ton BelAZ-548A dump truck, designed taking into account the maximum possible unification of the main components and parts of the two vehicles.

1968 was the year of birth of the BelAZ-549 prototype - a basic dump truck with a load capacity of 75-80 tons, the first model with an electromechanical transmission. In 1977, prototypes of the BelAZ-7519 dump truck were produced - a basic dump truck of the 110-120 ton capacity class. Six years later, the plant began serial production of the BelAZ-75211, a basic dump truck with a load capacity of 170-220 tons.

By 1986, the plant could produce up to 6,000 units of such equipment per year, which accounted for half of world production.

BelAZ was not going to stop there. In 1963, a prototype of the second design developed by the plant designers rolled off the assembly line - the BelAZ-548 dump truck with a load capacity of 40 tons.

In 1966, the Belarusian Automobile Plant began serial production of the BelAZ-548A dump truck, a basic dump truck with a load capacity of 40–45 tons. The plant itself was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and received a gold medal at the international exhibition in Plovdiv for the BelAZ-540.

The next new product of the Belarusian automobile enterprise was the BelAZ-549 dump truck with a load capacity of 75 tons. The first prototype of this vehicle with a load capacity of 75–80 tons was produced in 1968. With their unique developments, the Belarusians seriously made a name for themselves throughout the Union, proving that even in a small republic it is possible to create such giants.

The next stage of design occurred already in the 70s. In 1977, prototypes of the BelAZ-7519 dump truck with a lifting capacity of 110 tons appeared - the base dump truck of the 110–120 t load capacity class. Thus, the Belarusian enterprise jumped over several weight categories in one leap.

In 1978, the plant mastered a new technique for itself - airfield tractors for towing aircraft with a take-off weight of 100 tons. Fortunately, the Belarusians already had a chassis for them. But it was too early to call an end to the race to increase the draft properties of BelAZ vehicles. In 1982, prototypes of the 170-ton BelAZ-75211 dump truck, a representative of the 170–200 ton load capacity class, rolled off the Zhodino assembly line.

In 1990, BelAZ made a splash by building a huge dump truck with a lifting capacity of 280 tons. The car turned out to be so serious that after its appearance the ardor of the engineers cooled slightly. In 1994, Belarusians again turned to the “small” class: a prototype BelAZ-7555 dump truck with a lifting capacity of 55 tons was created, the head model of a new family of dump trucks with a hydromechanical transmission. It was followed, 2 years later, by the release of the 130-ton BelAZ-75131, which became the first-born in a new family of dump trucks with an electromechanical transmission.

However, by the 1998 crisis year, Zhodno realized that without serious modernization of production, the plant’s future prospects were vague. At BelAZ, the reconstruction of existing production began, aimed at updating quarry equipment, developing new models, improving the quality and technical level of both individual components and systems, and those produced as a whole.

As a result, in 2000, the production association (the plant received this status in 1995) received the “Crystal Nika” award under the International Program “Partnership for Progress”, and to CEO BelAZ P.?L. Mariev was awarded the title of “Director of the Year”, and later the title of “Hero of Belarus”.

Flattered by the success, the Belarusians set to work with renewed energy, and in 2002 they built the all-wheel drive articulated dump truck BelAZ-7528 with a lifting capacity of 36 tons, as well as a 77-ton truck, the BelAZ-7555G.

In the early 1990s, marked by the collapse of the USSR and a sharp reduction in production, BelAZ did not stop producing any of the models of mining dump trucks, covering the payload range from 30 to 220 tons. Moreover, he included in the production program other special heavy transport equipment, the production of which had been mastered since the nineties of the last century: off-road dump trucks with hydromechanical transmission, road construction machines and machines for servicing mining and transport work, such as loaders, bulldozers, towing tractors and watering machines; equipment for underground work, machines for metallurgical enterprises, etc.

Progressive solutions incorporated into the design of the first Belarusian mining dump trucks made it possible to further improve components and systems of vehicles of all classes of load capacity, introduce new components and materials, and gradually modernize dump trucks with the creation of new modifications based on the use of diesel engines, transmissions and tires produced by various companies. Special attention Factory specialists have always paid attention to the adaptability of equipment to operating conditions, creating options for each class of dump trucks in northern and tropical versions, for transporting light loads, etc.

The range of equipment produced by the Belarusian Automobile Plant was also replenished with new generation vehicles - the 55-ton BelAZ-7555 mining dump truck, the BelAZ-75131 mining dump truck with a carrying capacity of 130 tons, which was designed taking into account more than 15 years of operating experience of its predecessor - the 120-ton dump truck, as well as the largest mining dump truck BelAZ-75600 in the history of the domestic automotive industry with a carrying capacity of 320 tons.

In total, over the entire history, the department of the chief designer of the Belarusian Automobile Plant has developed more than 600 modifications of mining dump trucks with a carrying capacity from 27 to 320 tons, the company has produced more than 130 thousand units of mining dump trucks, which over the entire history of the plant have been sent to more than 70 countries of the world.

The BelAZ production line was significantly expanded, and primarily due to the underground theme, by joining the Mogilev Automobile Plant. The department of underground and road construction equipment, which provides design support for production at the branch in Mogilev, also joined the design service of the Belarusian Automobile Plant. The special design bureau of UGK BelAZ is developing the design of freight rolling stock produced at Mogilev carriage building plant, which also recently became part of the BelAZ production association.

Totally agree Lately At BelAZ, pilot production batches were developed and manufactured:

90-ton BelAZ-75570 mining dump trucks with a 6-speed hydromechanical transmission; based on the test results, preparation for serial production is being completed, a pilot batch of mining dump trucks has been shipped to Belogorsk by Rusal Transport Achinsk LLC;

45-ton BelAZ-75450 mining dump trucks with a service life increased to 600 thousand km, a prototype of which was successfully tested in the Chelyabinsk region of Russia at OJSC Yuzhuralzoloto;

320-ton BelAZ-75600 mining dump trucks. The first machine of this series passed acceptance tests under operating conditions at OJSC Management Company Kuzbassrazrezugol in the Kemerovo region, which showed that the use of BelAZ-75600 dump trucks provides an increase in productivity by 35-40% and a corresponding reduction in the cost of transport work. Based on the main components of the 320-ton truck, the BelAZ-75601 mining dump truck with a lifting capacity of 360 tons was developed, a prototype of which was manufactured for the anniversary of the UGC.

However, it would be incorrect to say that the birth of quarry equipment, which was developed and produced at BelAZ for half a century, owes its birth only to the Belarusian soil. BelAZ managed to carry out a huge amount of research and design work when creating cars with hydromechanical transmission in the 60s of the last century thanks to the wide collaboration of the plant with many organizations, including NAMI, the Institute of Electric Welding, the Barnaul Transport Engineering Plant, the Yaroslavl Motor Plant and others.

The creation of the first sample of a mining dump truck with an electromechanical transmission BelAZ-549 with a load capacity of 75 tons was carried out according to the program of the State Committee of Science and Technology of the USSR with the participation of co-executors, including the Ural Turbo Engine Plant, the Dynamo plant, the Research Institute of KGSh (Dnepropetrovsk), and the " Sibelektroprivod".

The new generation of equipment received a start in life at the largest mining enterprises, where prototypes were tested and the correctness of the adopted technical solutions was checked: at the Bachatsky and Neryungrisky coal mines, Olenegorsky, Lebedinsky and Balkhash mining and processing plants, MMC "Pechenganikel" and other enterprises.

The scientific and technical center of BelAZ, created in 2005, united the department of the chief designer, the department of underground and road construction equipment, an experimental workshop and a testing laboratory, consolidated creative forces not only the plant workers, but also mining scientific institutions of the CIS countries, such as the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “TsNII-chermet im. I.B. Bardin", Krivoy Rog Technical University, Research and Design Institute "Yakutniproalmaz", St. Petersburg State Mining Institute, etc.

On the day of the 50th anniversary celebration, BelAZ organized an exhibition of the company’s products, where they showed both mass-produced equipment and new developments.

One of the company’s new products was the largest mining dump truck in the BelAZ-75601 equipment line with a lifting capacity of 360 tons.

It is designed as a vehicle of a higher technical level and load capacity class using the basic components of the BelAZ-75600 dump truck and components and assemblies from the world's leading manufacturers. It is equipped with an MTU 20V4000 diesel engine with a power of 3750 hp, an AC transmission from Siemens, and tires measuring 59/80R63 with a diameter of 4 meters.

And the main surprise of the equipment exhibition was the future generation machine - the BelAZ-75137 remote-controlled mining dump truck. This is a prototype that the company’s specialists are just teaching to “walk.” Further development The design of a dump truck dictates the need to develop a fully autonomously controlled vehicle without human intervention. This development is designed to reduce the influence of the human factor when working in hard-to-reach mining areas with hazardous operating conditions, as well as eliminate the impact of harmful environmental factors on the dump truck operator.

The control system of this dump truck consists of an on-board control system and a working (remote) operator station. The optical-electronic system installed on the dump truck ensures safe driving of the vehicle in all weather and climatic conditions, even in the dark.

Diesel engine MTU DD 12V4000 with a power of 1623 hp. with new electronic fuel management system and diagnostics, meets Tier 1 emission requirements. The dump truck uses an AC-DC transmission, and there are a number of new ones constructive solutions in various systems of the giant.

But even such giants can freeze: