Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich unknown facts. Interesting facts about Stalin. Biography facts

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich is a historical figure, complex and very ambiguous. His reign turned out to be a terrible terror for the country, losses, concentration camps, and an unprecedented rise in the economic, social, spiritual, scientific and other spheres. It is very difficult to assess this personality and his activities in modern Russia.

Despite the fact that the centenary of Stalin’s rise to power is just around the corner, a discussion on this topic is completely impossible in society today. If you admire the results that the country has achieved under this ruler, they will call you a jingoist, a Muscovite, a Stalinist, or some other label. If you begin to sprinkle ashes on your head and be horrified by the terror in which people died, you will be known as a liberal or some other incomprehensible person.

I think this kind of assessment is the result of the immaturity of our society, the inability to discuss truly complex topics. After all, if you, for example, admire Napoleon in France (whose ashes, by the way, are still kept in the Louvre), or scold him for what he essentially started world war- well, they will discuss with you, no one will rush to extremes. Maybe this will happen with us in 2127? What do you think - write in the comments! And in this article we will briefly and clearly try to trace life path one of the most extraordinary rulers in Russian history.

And one more thing. This article does not intend to offend or offend anyone. We are not calling for anything. If you are particularly sensitive to this topic, then DO NOT read any further in this article. The article is purely educational in nature.

Biography and the beginning of the journey

The future politician was born in 1878 (according to official version December 21, 1879) in the city of Gori, Tiflis province, Russian Empire. Once he said: “I am Russian, of Georgian origin.” So his real name is Dzhugashvili. Translated, it means “son of the herd” - his great-grandfather lived in the mountains.

There is an opinion that “juga” among the Ossetian people means “iron”. Perhaps in connection with this, Stalin took such a pseudonym. The surviving photos show how tall he was. Joseph was short, but his eyes were serious. Accordingly, Joseph (Soso) grew up in a Georgian family. His parents are Beso and Keke in 1874. Father Vissarion (Beso) was a shoemaker by occupation. He had his own workshop. In character he was a cruel man who raised his hand against his wife and son.

The family did not have a permanent place of residence: the father began to drink, abandoned the family, and eventually died drunk in a fight.

The house where Dzhugashvili was born

Mother Ekaterina (Keke) was a charwoman (a person without education who did menial work, sorting through crops and garbage). The mother was a workaholic, ready to do anything for her child, the only survivor (Ekaterina lost her first two sons when they were still babies).When the son grew up a little, his mother and father began to argue about his future fate. Beso argued that Soso should continue his work and become a shoemaker, moreover, he was sure of it.

Keke was more inclined towards a spiritual profession, the mother realized that her son was not capable of physical labor (Joseph fell and seriously injured left hand for life). In 1886, there were attempts to enter the Gori Orthodox Theological School, but since there was not enough knowledge, or rather, fluency in the Russian language, the attempts were in vain.

Joseph studied with a priest for two years. And in 1888, as his mother wished, he became a ward of the school, which he graduated from in 1894. Joseph was a seriously capable student, had success in almost all subjects, and it was there that he became acquainted with Marxism (“Capital”). Due to the fact that in 1892 his father finally abandoned the family, Soso was awarded a scholarship, but he still needed to pay for his studies.

My mother found additional income by starting to sew to order. Joseph began to read a lot, became interested in poetry and even began to write poems in his own language. native language(one called "Morning" was published in the newspaper). The following is noteworthy: he was so impressed by the thoughts of Engels and Marx that Joseph became a member of underground circles. And a little later he was engaged in promoting this doctrine, for which he was expelled, given a certificate of completion of only four classes (six was considered a complete education).

It indicated that Joseph could be a teacher, so Dzhugashvili was engaged in tutoring for some time. Since 1899, Dzhugashvili continued his studies at the Tiflis Physical Observatory. His first speech was in 1900 at an illegal meeting of revolutionary-minded workers (May Day), which attracted about five hundred people. In 1901, he already became an underground revolutionary (all, of course, illegally).

Burn. Stalin Museum

In the same year, the newspaper “Nina”, under the leadership of Lado Ketskhoveli, published “Brdzola” (“Struggle”) in Baku. Article - first famous work Dzhugashvili, who was 22 years old at that time. In general, Joseph had many pseudonyms and nicknames. One of them (party) is Koba. Young Stalin really liked the hero of Alexander Kazbegi’s patriotic story “The Patricide” Koba for his reliability and perseverance. This is one of his favorite works.

In 1903, the RSDLP party was divided into Mensheviks and Bolsheviks. Joseph joins the latter. They tend to take more radical and illegal measures. In 1905, I was able to meet the Russian revolutionary Vladimir Ilyich Lenin for the first time. In 1906 he married Ekaterina Svanidze. In 1907, a son, Yakov, was born, but his wife died of typhus at the end of that year. Then he leads an active political life, travels abroad, and even ends up in exile for six months in the city of Solvychegodsk.

In 1912, Dzhugashvili took the pseudonym “Stalin”. He again ends up in exile in Narym, but a month later he manages to escape to Switzerland, where he meets Lenin. From 1912 to 1913 he was editor-in-chief of the Bolshevik newspaper Pravda. From 1913 to 1917 he was arrested (Turukhansky region, then the city of Achinsk).

In young age

By 1922, due to illness, Lenin could no longer govern the country. Such revolutionaries as Grigory Evseevich Zinoviev and Lev Borisovich Kamenev acted against Trotsky, together with Joseph Vissarionovich. Stalin came to power in a “pure” society, one might say, “from scratch.” There was no established system, no classes, people did not know what awaited them. During these years, Koba continued his activities simply as People's Commissar for Nationalities.

The troika began to fall apart, Koba put forward the idea of “personnel decide” and took it seriously. Dzhugashvili used his influence and appointed “his” people to posts. Meanwhile, in 1926, his daughter Svetlana was born. Then he begins to write a series of political works and doctrines, in other words, he consolidated his knowledge theoretically. Thus, he was in power for 30 years (1924-1953).

Events that took place during his reign

1922 . Obviously, Lenin was the founder and first leader, but Stalin was the successor. After the illness and death of Vladimir Ilyich, there was no longer any talk of democracy. All power was concentrated in one hand. Brutal dictatorship and totalitarianism are the main modes of government.
1924 Approval of the Constitution of the USSR. In the same year, due to the fact that money was depreciating in the country, there was inflation. A “chervonets” appeared. As for international relations, diplomatic relations are being built with countries such as Great Britain and Italy.
1924 - 1925 Military reform was carried out. At its end, the Law “On Compulsory Military Service” was adopted. Which stated that all workers between the ages of 19 and 40 should be drafted into the army for two years.
1927 Mass collectivization. The transition from private farms to collective farms. The goal is to create an effective Agriculture, by reducing the amount work force, that is, intermediaries. During this course, people starved, but the Government tried to do everything to ensure that there was a harvest. At that time there was such a class as “kulaks,” that is, wealthy peasants. During the process of collectivization, they were destroyed as an estate - this stage was called “dekulakization.” Collectivization was completed in the 1950s. Its consequences were in fact disastrous: more than six million people died of hunger, thousands of peasants were in exile. Someone even called this program direct genocide of the Soviet people. Formed.

1930s. Industrialization. Introduction of powerful industry and technology into the state economy. One of the goals was also independence from Western countries. A feature of industrialization is a rapid course in a short time. The program was interrupted by the outbreak of war.
1930 In order for people to become more literate and there are no more uneducated citizens left, the Government Resolution “On Free Compulsory Primary Education” is approved.
1932 Conclusion of a non-aggression treaty with Finland.
1935 A law that established punishment - the death penalty - for escaping outside the USSR.
1939 A non-aggression pact was signed with Germany. And in the same year - the beginning of the Second World War. The Soviet-Finnish war, more about which.
1941 The beginning of the Great Patriotic War.

1945 Victory Day. About who actually won this war.

The role of the leader of peoples in the Great Patriotic War

Despite the signing, Nazi Germany entered the territory of the Soviet Union along with its allies. They were counting on a lightning war according to the Blitzkrieg plan. And the terrible event dragged on for four long years... The USSR was not prepared either industrially or morally. Stalin at that time was the leader and supreme commander in chief. He took full responsibility for the people, the country, for the future... They believed in him, they hoped for him, it was not for nothing that there was a so-called “cult of personality.”

Personal life and children of the leader

We said above that Joseph was married twice. He was 29 years old, Catherine, his first wife, was 21 years old. They did not stay together for long - Dzhugashvili became a widower. But the son Yakov was born. Throughout his life, his father treated him with great cruelty and exactingness, although his second wife, Nadezhda, loved Yakov with all her heart. During the war, the boy went to the front. And then he was captured by the Germans for two years. The Nazis offered to exchange their son, but Stalin did not agree.

As a result, in 1943, Yakov was shot. His second wife, Nadezhda, was twenty-two years younger than him. Once they had a fight and Nadezhda committed suicide. At the same time, they left two children - Vasily and Svetlana. The son was also at the front - a pilot, but after the death of his father, a dark streak began in life. Spent eight years in prison.

Svetlana was married many times. The daughter of the leader of the peoples died in 2011, at the age of 85. In addition, Stalin had an adopted son, Artem, his real father, a friend of Joseph Vissarionovich, died, and he was only three months old. Interestingly, there are rumors about the illegitimate children of the “father of nations.” Sons - Konstantin and Alexander. Thus, the leader was rich in grandchildren.

Despite the fact that Dzhugashvili studied with priests, he was later an atheist.
Koba read a lot - 400 pages daily.
Dzhugashvili led healthy image life and have never been drunk.
He always had a loaded pistol with him. Tula craftsmen, by the way, made a personalized one for the leader of the peoples.
Joseph made discoveries in philosophy and later became a Doctor of Philosophy.
I really loved listening to music.
Obviously he was partial to the weaker sex.
He spoke several languages perfectly.
There are no such people and it is unlikely that there will be any soon.
Everyone knows that Koba smoked a lot.

A curtain

The causes of death of the leader of the peoples are very prosaic - stroke. But the circumstances of death are very interesting. We will definitely look at them in one of the following articles. Stalin died on March 5, 1953. The official cause is a diagnosis of cerebral hemorrhage. The dates of birth and death known to us (1878 - 1953) indicate that he was 74 years old. He was buried on Red Square in Moscow (necropolis near the wall).

In order to consolidate your knowledge, you can watch any documentary, dedicated to Joseph Stalin. Feature films were also made.

Jokes about the leader of nations

Here I will retell the jokes that I know myself.

So, the 30s. Creative evening of filmmakers and actors. The leader of the peoples approaches the then legendary actress Lyubov Orlova and asks: “Lyuba, doesn’t your husband offend you sometimes?” And her husband, Grigory Alexandrov, was also at this evening and inadvertently overheard the conversation. To Stalin’s question, Orlova flirtatiously replied: “It offends me a little...”. “Lyuba,” the leader answered her, “tell him that if he continues to offend you, we will hang him!” "For what?" - asked Lyubov Orlova. “What for, for your head, of course!”

The Great Patriotic War is going on. Zhukov comes out of the door of the room where the Headquarters of the High Command meets and angrily says to himself: “Wow...! Mustachioed bastard! Molotov heard this and asked Zhukov: “Georgy Valentinovich, who do you mean?” “Like who, Hitler, of course!” - Zhukov was found. Next Stalin comes out of the door and now you ask Molotov: “And you, Comrade Molotov, who did you have in mind?”

Great Patriotic War, November 1941. The enemy is already on the approaches to Moscow. There is an alarming sound in the Kremlin. phone call. The leader of the peoples picks up the phone: “Hello.” “Comrade Stalin, this is a colonel... I hasten to inform you that the enemy is breaking through the defenses, you need to urgently evacuate from Moscow to Kuibyshev...” “Comrade... tell me, do you still have any living comrades there?” - Stalin asked calmly? “Yes, Comrade Stalin!” “So tell your comrades, let them take shovels and dig their own graves: I am staying in Moscow and Headquarters is also staying in Moscow!”

Somehow, during the Great Patriotic War, the USSR decided to test a project for a new ready-made weapon - an analogue of the German Faust cartridge (simply a grenade launcher). And at the final test, everyone is present political elite countries together with the leader of the peoples. The shot was fired, and the cartridge flew straight towards the observers, straight towards Stalin. The engineers closed their eyes and prepared for the fact that they would all be shot on the spot. Everyone present, except the leader, lay down on the ground, covering their heads with their hands. The cartridge flew past. And the leader of the peoples said: “Let's try again.”

Many interesting facts from Stalin’s life confirm the well-known idea of the leader, while others, on the contrary, reveal a new side to his person. Here we will look at 15 real facts about this difficult person that characterize him as an unconventional personality.

Stalin changed his own date of birth. During his studies, Stalin's fellow student, the occultist Gurdjieff, deduced from his horoscope that he would never become a great leader. Joseph Vissarionovich therefore changed his birthday from December 18 to December 21.
Stalin was very well-read and highly educated. By today's standards, he could have received his doctorate in philosophy at the age of thirty-two. This was greatly facilitated by a remarkable desire to read; he considered about three hundred pages of text to be the daily norm. They say that the leader’s personal library, which included exactly those volumes that he studied or was planning to study, amounted to several tens of thousands of volumes.
Stalin was a music lover. At the time of his death, there were over three thousand records in his personal music library, these were speeches by people such as Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and speeches by Joseph Vissarionovich himself, but others were musical. Among the latter were symphonies, operas and ballets, there was also popular (dance) music, as well as national anthems different countries.
Had several physiological characteristics. These are fusion of two toes on the left foot, traumatic deformation of the left hand and short height (160 cm).
In his youth he was unambitious and self-critical. This is evidenced by the fact that during the first ten years of service top level Soviet power Joseph submitted his resignation three times.
He was a very thrifty and modest man in his clothes.. Joseph Vissarionovich had nothing superfluous, everyone remembers him in military uniform, he often wore things out.
Did not use radical methods to combat drunkenness in the country. Stalin preferred to develop sports and interesting leisure activities for people, often in a forced form, but people went to stadiums, playgrounds and organized clubs. However, today this “obligation” is successfully applied by structures in different countries that are far from the ideas of a communist state.
Sometimes he drank alcohol, preferring wine and cognac. The first were, of course, the Georgian varieties “Tsinadeli” and “Telyani”. According to the guards, during the twenty-three years that Stalin was in the highest echelon of power, he was seen drunk only twice.
Stalin was a true fanatic of his people and an expert on national issues. When the leader’s contemporaries recall interesting facts about the war of 1941-1945, it often emerges that the commander-in-chief took into account national characteristics many times during the formation of individual military formations.
Valued personal territory. They say that it got to the point that in his own residence there was Joseph Vissarionovich’s personal coat rack, which no one dared to occupy even with a large number of guests.
Stalin always had a pistol at hand, and a loaded one at that. This showed the suspicion of the leader of the USSR, so famous among spiteful critics; his uniform always had a secret pocket for weapons, and in his office he put it in a drawer next to his workplace.
Love for your slippers. Joseph Vissarionovich took them with him everywhere and there is even a known case when, due to the turmoil, Stalin’s favorite slippers remained in Sochi, and they had to be taken on a special air flight.
I washed only in the shower using a special bench. It is interesting that the bathroom in which the leader of the peoples washed himself has remained unchanged to this day.
Stalin largely helped the emergence of a state like Israel. Once you start studying interesting facts about the Second World War, the creation of a Jewish country, as the sole merit of England and the USA, is logically called into question. Despite the fact that at the time of Joseph Vissarionovich’s death the Soviet Union and Israel were in severed diplomatic relations, in the country of Jews the day of Stalin’s death was declared national mourning.
Used for the treatment of radiculitis folk remedies . If Joseph Vissarionovich had problems with his back, he always came to the kitchen with a stove and, using a wide board, heated it according to the folk method.

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The personality and activities of Stalin in modern society are still loudly discussed - some consider him a great ruler who led the country to victory in the Great Patriotic War. Others accuse people of genocide, terror and violence against people. Some blindly deify him, others just as blindly hate him.

Who was he really - a dictator or the greatest political figure and what constitutes the so-called “Stalin phenomenon”. It is unlikely that we will ever be able to find objective answers to all these questions.

Subway stations, streets and entire cities were named in his honor, books were written about him, his portraits were depicted on stamps and posters, and so on. However, his name is also associated with collectivization and repressions, as a result of which thousands of Soviet citizens died.

Biography facts

Stalin was born on December 21, 1879 into a poor family in the city of Gori (Eastern Georgia), where his house-museum is currently located.

When a son appeared in the family of a shoemaker and a peasant woman, nothing foreshadowed that after more than four decades, Russia would find in him one of the most cruel and outstanding rulers, who would be destined to turn the course of world history.

He was the third but only surviving child in the family - his older brother and sister died in infancy. Soso, as the mother of the future ruler of the USSR called him, was not born a completely healthy child. He had a congenital limb defect - two fused toes on his left foot.

As a child, Stalin suffered a severe hand injury; his left limb did not fully extend at the elbow and outwardly appeared shorter. Because of this, he was considered unsuitable for military service in 1916.

In his hometown, he studied at a theological school, then at the Tiflis Theological Seminary. Stalin failed to graduate from the seminary, as he was expelled from educational institution right before exams for absenteeism.

The pre-revolutionary years in Stalin's biography passed in active struggle. The path to power of Joseph Vissarionovich was filled with repeated exiles and imprisonments, from which he always managed to escape. In 1912, he finally decided to change his surname Dzhugashvili to the pseudonym Stalin.

In 1917, for special merits, Lenin appointed Stalin People's Commissar for Nationalities in the Council of People's Commissars. The next stage of the career of the future ruler of the USSR is associated with Civil War, in which the revolutionary showed all his professionalism and leadership qualities.

At the end of the war, when Lenin was already mortally ill, Stalin completely ruled the country, while destroying all opponents and contenders for the post of chairman of the government of the Soviet Union in his path.

In 1930, all power was concentrated in the hands of Stalin, and therefore enormous upheavals and restructuring began in the USSR. Then the cult of Stalin began.

Joseph Stalin

Economic development proceeded according to Stalin's plan with the rise of heavy industry. At the same time, collective farms were formed and dispossession occurred. As a result of this policy, mass terror, up to 20 million people died in the country.

During the Great Patriotic War, Stalin's biography combined the positions of Chairman of the Defense Committee, Supreme Commander-in-Chief, and People's Commissar of Defense. In the post-war years, he brutally suppressed the nationalist movement, and Soviet ideology gained ground.

From the personal life of Joseph Stalin it is known that he first married in 1906 to Ekaterina Svanidze, who gave birth to his first child, Yakov. After a year of family life, Stalin's wife died of typhus. After this, the stern revolutionary completely devoted himself to serving the country and only 14 years later he again decided to marry Nadezhda Alliluyeva, who was 23 years younger than him.

The second wife of Joseph Vissarionovich gave birth to a son, Vasily, and took upon herself the upbringing of Stalin’s first-born son, who until that moment lived with his maternal grandmother. In 1925, a daughter, Svetlana, was born into Stalin's family.

In 1932, Stalin's children were orphaned, and he became a widower for the second time. His wife Nadezhda committed suicide amid a conflict with her husband. After this, Stalin never married again.

Stalin died on March 5, 1953. According to the official version, it was a result of a cerebral hemorrhage, but there is a theory that the leader was poisoned. Stalin's body was mummified and placed in a mausoleum near Lenin. In 1961, the leader's body was reburied near the Kremlin wall.

Contemporaries about Stalin

Charles de Gaulle statesman France: “Stalin had enormous authority, and not only in Russia. He knew how to “tame” his enemies, not panic when losing and not enjoy victories. And he had more victories than defeats.” “Stalin’s Russia is not the old Russia that died along with the monarchy. But the Stalinist state without successors worthy of Stalin is doomed...”

Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of Great Britain: “It was great happiness for Russia that during the years of the most difficult trials the country was led by the genius and unshakable commander Stalin. He was the most outstanding personality who impressed our changeable and cruel times of the period in which his whole life took place. Stalin "was the greatest dictator, unparalleled in the world, who took Russia with a plow and left it with atomic weapons. Well, history, the people do not forget such people."

Franklin Roosevelt - 32nd President of the United States: “This man knows how to act. He always has a goal in front of his eyes. It is a pleasure to work with him. He sets out the issue that I want to discuss and does not deviate anywhere.”

H.G. Wells, English writer: “I have never met a more sincere, decent and honest man. There is nothing dark or sinister about him, and it is these qualities that should explain his enormous power in Russia. I thought before I met him, "Perhaps they thought badly of him because people were afraid of him. But I found that, on the contrary, no one is afraid of him and everyone believes in him. Stalin is completely devoid of the cunning and deceit of the Georgians."

Alexander Kerensky is a Russian politician: “Stalin raised Russia from the ashes. Made it a great power. Defeated Hitler. Saved Russia and humanity.”

Henry Kissinger - former US Secretary of State: “Like no other leader of a democratic country, Stalin was ready at any moment to engage in a scrupulous study of the balance of forces. And precisely because of his conviction that he was the bearer of historical truth, the reflection of which was his ideology, he firmly and resolutely defended Soviet national interests, without burdening himself with the burden of what he considered hypocritical morality or personal attachments.”

The American magazine Time twice awarded Stalin the title of “Man of the Year” in 1939 and 1943.

Planned and organized bank robberies in Transcaucasia in 1906-1907.

Stalin loved watching movies, especially American westerns. He had a personal cinema in his house. He hated sex scenes in movies - it drove him crazy.

He loved to sing Russian folk songs during feasts.

He spoke Georgian, Russian, ancient Greek, and also knew Church Slavonic well from seminary. According to some researchers, he knew English and German languages, the notes he left in the books were in Hungarian and French. He understood Armenian and Ossetian languages. Trotsky asserted in one of his interviews that “Stalin does not know foreign languages, no foreign life."

Stalin was a heavy smoker and suffered from atherosclerosis.

At the 1945 Victory Parade, the wounded mine-detecting dog Dzhulbars, on Stalin's orders, was carried across Red Square on his overcoat.

In his Kremlin apartment, the library contained, according to witnesses, several tens of thousands of volumes, but in 1941 this library was evacuated, and it is unknown how many books were returned from it, since the library in the Kremlin was not restored. Subsequently, his books were in the dachas, and an outbuilding was built in Nizhnyaya for a library. Stalin collected 20 thousand volumes into this library.

He hated atheistic literature and called it “anti-religious waste paper.”

The material was prepared on the basis of open sources.

Stalin read a lot. His usual amount of reading was about three hundred pages in one day. He taught himself all the time. For example, during treatment in the Caucasus in...

Stalin read a lot. His usual amount of reading was about three hundred pages in one day. He taught himself all the time. For example, during treatment in the Caucasus in 1931, Joseph Vissarionovich wrote to his wife asking her to send him books on ferrous metallurgy and electrical engineering. At the same time, he did not even remember what he should write or about his well-being.

One can make a rough estimate of the degree of Stalin's education by analyzing the number of books and textbooks that he worked through. No one will probably know the exact amount of literature he read. Stalin did not collect books; he chose to store in his library only those that he intended to use somewhere. But even this selection is not easy to count. In his apartment in the Kremlin, as contemporaries testify, there were tens of thousands of books, but in 1941 this collection was taken away, and no one knows how many were later returned. After the war, Stalin's books were placed in dachas; on one of them, an entire outbuilding was built for books. It contained twenty thousand volumes.

If we evaluate Stalin's education by current criteria, he could have held the title of Doctor of Philosophy since 1920. He also had outstanding knowledge of economics.

Joseph Vissarionovich constantly made forecasts and took them into account in his activities for decades to come. He formulated goals with a very long-term view and everything that was done at the present time ultimately worked for the distant future.

Under the leadership of Stalin, the Soviet Union, in difficult post-war conditions, was able to significantly evolve and advance its achievements in a short time, which showed that smart people there were a lot of them in the Soviet country. And this is true, because Stalin encouraged the development of science in the USSR. He himself had a very high intelligence, and therefore sought to develop all Soviet citizens in the same direction. And to be smart and creative, you need to constantly gain knowledge. Information about different areas of life. And during Stalin’s reign, so much was done for the mental development of citizens as under no other government ruler.

Stalin did not introduce Prohibition; he eradicated drunkenness by diversifying the leisure time of Soviet people. He developed sports specifically among non-professionals, so that every ordinary citizen would engage in physical education. All enterprises and organizations had their own teams. Factories sponsored stadiums. Many types of sports developed at once, and there was something for everyone.

Joseph Vissarionovich drank only two types of wine - “Tsinandali” and “Teliani”. I could very rarely drink cognac, but I never drank vodka at all. Over the last 23 years of his life, the guards saw him drunk only twice: at S. Shtemenko’s name day and at A. Zhdanov’s wake.

Throughout Soviet Union, many parks were built in all its cities during Stalin's reign. They were built so that Soviet people could have a cultural holiday. In such places there were always rooms reserved for reading and board games, pubs and ice cream parlors, dance floors and summer stages were built.

During the first ten years of existence general secretary CPSU Stalin three times asked to be relieved of his post.

Stalin was in many ways like Lenin, but he served not Marxism, but primarily the Soviet people.

When Trotsky's supporters waged an ideological struggle with Stalin, their chances were negligible. After the verbal debate between Stalin and Trotsky in 1927, a referendum of the entire party was held. The results simply “hit the Trotskyists on the head.” 6,000 party members voted for them, and 724,000 for Stalin.

In 1927, Joseph Vissarionovich issued a decree that at the dachas of party workers, houses could not have more than three or four rooms.

Stalin treated the guards and servants very humanely. He often called them to dinner, and once, noticing that he had been soaked in the rain for an hour while standing at his post, he immediately ordered a mushroom to be built there. But Stalin did not tolerate a bad attitude towards official duties. He was very strict in this regard.

Stalin spent very little money on himself - he had very little clothes, and he wore things for a very long time.

When the war began, both sons of Joseph Vissarionovich went to the front.

During the Battle of Kursk, a stalemate developed - the Nazis were armed with new products - the Panther and Tiger tanks, which our artillerymen were physically unable to destroy. Then Stalin remembered our military “news” - the PTAB aerial bomb, which was at the experimental stage. And the leader set the task - by mid-May, when the roads became passable, it was necessary to produce 800,000 of these bombs.

One hundred and fifty factories of the USSR completed the task together. And near Kursk, with the help of a new bomb, we deprived the Nazis of their superiority in weapons.

His famous phrase “personnel decide everything” Stalin said in 1935 at a reception in honor of graduates of military academies: “We talk too much about the merits of leaders, about the merits of leaders. They are credited with everything, almost all of our achievements. This is, of course, false and incorrect. It's not just the leaders. ... In order to set technology in motion and use it to its fullest, we need people who have mastered the technology, we need personnel capable of mastering and using this technology according to all the rules of art ... That is why the old slogan ... must now be replaced by a new slogan ... ".

In 1943, Stalin said: “ I know that after my death a heap of rubbish will be placed on my grave, but the winds of history will mercilessly dispel it!”

8 interesting and fun facts about Stalin related to one or another of his decisions regarding the USSR.

From the memoirs of one of Stalin’s guards, A. Rybin.

1) In Kharkov, after the opening of one of the largest plants in the whole country, such an incident happened. Night shift. Office of the Chief Engineer. In the office sits the Chief Engineer himself and a young guy who has just graduated from university. After some time, the Chief Engineer is about to leave the office and says to the young man: “If anyone calls, pick up the phone, tell me I’ll be there soon.” The story goes that the Chief Engineer came out that night men's room. And here is a young guy sitting in the office alone. The phone rings. He, as the Chief Engineer ordered him, picks up the phone and says, “Hello.”

In the next minutes it’s hard to imagine the situation young man. Just imagine, someone with a Georgian accent introducing himself as Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin began to ask the young man about the activities of the plant. Here's the thing, you can't guess Stalin Whether it was Stalin or not, the young man decided to address him as Stalin himself.
“I’m sorry, but to answer these questions, you need to talk to the Chief Engineer, he came out, but he should be here by now,” said the young man.
To which the interlocutor referred to the need for an urgent answer to his question and said that he had little time, he would not be able to call back and asked the young man, “and you, as the Chief Engineer, a young man, can answer that the plant’s products will be manufactured in the time we need and the plant will have time to deliver them to the right points throughout the country?”
— I’m sure that yes, Joseph Vissarionovich. The plant is doing everything perfectly well, there are no problems or deviations from the norm.
- Well, then we agreed, you gave me your word.
It was interesting to know the reaction of the Chief Engineer himself when he returned from the toilet. For him, as they say, “nothing foreshadowed trouble.”
And the next morning, an order comes from somewhere at the top of the USSR to the director of the plant that the young man should be transferred to the position of Chief Engineer, and the Chief Engineer himself should be fired or demoted.
So our character worked as the Chief Engineer for a long time, and then became the director of the plant.

2) One day Stalin It was reported that Marshal Rokossovsky had a mistress and this was the famous beautiful actress Valentina Serova. And, they say, what are we going to do with them now? Stalin took the pipe out of his mouth, thought a little and said:
- What will we, what will we... we will envy!

3) On trips Stalin often accompanied by the guard Tukov. He sat in the front seat next to the driver and had a way of appearing to be asleep on the way. Someone Voroshilov, riding with Stalin in the back seat, looked back several times, first at the guard, then at Stalin, loudly (so that the guard could hear) remarked:
- Comrade Stalin, I don’t understand which of you is protecting whom?
“That’s another thing,” answered Joseph Vissarionovich, “he also tries to stuff his pistol into the pocket of my overcoat every time - take it, just in case!”
Security guard Tukov did not even change his position; he still sat with his eyes half-closed.

4) The designer of artillery systems V. G. Grabin told me how on the eve of 1942 Stalin invited him and said:
— Your gun saved Russia. What do you want - a Hero of Socialist Labor or a Stalin Prize?
- I don’t care, Comrade Stalin.
They gave both.

5) Stalin walked with the First Secretary of the Central Committee of Georgia A.I. Mgeladze along the alleys of the Kuntsevo dacha and treated him to lemons, which he grew himself in his lemon garden:
- Try it, you grew up here, near Moscow! And so several times, between conversations on other topics:
- Try them, good lemons! Finally it dawned on the interlocutor:
- Comrade Stalin, I promise you that in seven years Georgia will provide the country with lemons, and we will not import them from abroad.
- Thank God, I guessed it! - said Stalin.

6) In 1939, watching the film “The Train Goes East.” The film is not so hot: a train is traveling, constantly stopping at various stations and all the passengers joyfully sing a song at each station..
-What station is this? - asked Stalin.
- Demyanovka - answered the person responsible for viewing Bolshakov
“This is where I’ll get off,” said Stalin and left the hall.

7) During the war, troops under the command of Bagramyan were the first to reach the Baltic. To present this event with more pathos, Armenian general personally poured water from the Baltic Sea into a bottle and ordered his adjutant to fly with this bottle to Moscow to see Stalin. He flew away. But while he was flying, the Germans counterattacked and drove Bagramyan off the Baltic coast. By the time the adjutant arrived in Moscow, they were already aware of this, but the adjutant himself did not know - there was no radio on the plane. And so the proud adjutant enters Stalin’s office and pathetically proclaims: “Comrade Stalin, General Bagramyan is sending you Baltic water!” Stalin takes the bottle, twirls it in his hands for a few seconds, after which he gives it back to the adjutant and says: “Give it back to Bagramyan, tell him to pour it out where he took it.”

8) A candidacy for the post of Minister of Coal Industry was discussed.
They suggested the director of one of the Zasyadko mines. Someone objected:
- Everything is fine, but he abuses alcohol!
“Invite him to me,” said Stalin. Zasyadko came. Stalin began to talk to him and offered him a drink.
“With pleasure,” said Zasyadko, poured a glass of vodka: “To your health, Comrade Stalin!” - He drank and continued the conversation.
Stalin took a sip and, watching carefully, offered a second drink. Zasyadko - drink a second glass, and not in either eye. Stalin suggested a third, but his interlocutor pushed his glass aside and said:
- Zasyadko knows when to stop.
We talked. At a meeting of the Politburo, when the question of the candidacy of the minister again arose, and again it was announced that the proposed candidate was abusing alcohol, Stalin, walking with a pipe, said:
- Zasyadko knows when to stop!
And for many years Zasyadko headed our coal industry...

9) When developing the Pobeda car, it was planned that the name of the car would be “Motherland”. Having learned about this, Stalin ironically asked: “Well, how much will we have a Motherland?” The name of the car was immediately changed.

10) In the first months after the end of the war, Major General Alexei Sidnev reported to Stalin on the state of affairs. Stalin looked very pleased and nodded twice in approval. Having finished his report, the military commander hesitated. Stalin asked: “Do you want to say anything else?”
“Yes, I have a personal question. In Germany, I selected some things that interested me, but they were detained at the checkpoint. If possible, I would ask you to return them to me.”
"It's possible. Write a report, I will impose a resolution.”
The Major General pulled out a prepared report from his pocket. Stalin imposed the resolution. The petitioner began to thank him warmly.
“No need for gratitude,” remarked Stalin.
After reading the resolution written on the report: “Give the major his junk back. I. Stalin,” the general turned to the Supreme Commander: “There is a typo here, Comrade Stalin. I’m not a major, but a major general.”
“No, everything is correct here, Major,” answered Stalin