Summary: Hair care. Report: Hair and nails Post on hair care

Care for hair, skin, hands, nails, clothing. First aid for burns and frostbite .

“Everything in a person should be beautiful: the face, and clothes, and the soul, and thoughts ...”

A.P. Chekhov

• subject - contribute to the formation of ideas about various types of burns and frostbite; about skin care, nails, hair, clothes;
• personal - cultivating respect for one's health. develop the ability to establish the relationship between non-compliance with the rules of hygiene and the formation of damage to the skin

• 1. Know: how to care for skin, hair, nails, clothes, the degree of burns and frostbite.
• 2. Be able to: provide first aid for frostbite and burns.
• 3. Learn to: take care of skin, hair, nails, clothes.

• cleanliness - wash your face with water at room temperature (hot water reduces elasticity; cold water - blockage of excretory ducts)
• wash sweaty parts of the body
• dry shoes

overnutrition = blushing, greasy appearance alcohol = puffiness, sagging. lack of vitamins: hypovitaminosis A = dry, rough hypovitaminosis B 2 = cracks in the corners of the mouth, brittle nails hypovitaminosis C = petechial hemorrhages hormonal disorders: "width="640"

• malnutrition = excess power = blushing, greasy appearance
• alcohol = puffiness, flabbiness.
• lack of vitamins:

• hypovitaminosis A = dry, rough
• hypovitaminosis B 2 = cracks in the corners of the mouth, brittle nails
• hypovitaminosis C = petechial hemorrhages

• hormonal disorders:

acne (avoid fatty, hot food, spicy)

Sport

Air and sun baths

Water procedures, bath

HAND SKIN TREATMENT METHODS

FOR rough, reddened hands It is advisable to conduct a course of masks within a week.

Grind 2 potatoes into a liquid puree, add a few drops of glycerin, lemon juice and dip your hands into this mass for 10-15 minutes. Course - 1 week, daily.

• Facial skin care Skin of any type needs competent and properly selected care. The usual cosmetic procedure for facial skin care includes the following steps:

MASKS FOR OILY FACE SKIN

Kefir mask for oily skin

• This mask cleanses and dries the skin. Using a cotton swab, evenly apply a small amount of kefir to cleansed skin. Leave on for 15 minutes, then rinse with cool water.

Protein mask for oily skin

• This mask tightens pores and whitens the skin. It will help to cleanse the skin well and give it a fresh look. Beat the white of 1 egg with the addition of ½ teaspoon of lemon juice. Leave on for 10-15 minutes, then rinse with warm water.

Yeast mask for oily skin

• Dilute 1 tsp. crushed yeast in warm water with the addition of 1 tsp. lemon juice. Then add 1 egg white to the resulting mixture. Mix everything thoroughly. Hold for 15 minutes, wash off the loan.

Honey mask for oily skin

• This mask refreshes and softens the skin, and evens out the complexion. To 2 tsp. honey add 1 tbsp. yogurt or sour cream and a few drops of lemon juice. Mix. Apply a thick layer on the face for 15 minutes. Wash off with cool water.

MASKS FOR DRY FACE SKIN:

Homemade mask for dry and irritated skin

• Scroll one small zucchini through a meat grinder. Leave for twenty minutes for the zucchini to secrete juice, then add one egg yolk to the zucchini mass, mix thoroughly. Apply the resulting mixture in a thick layer on the skin, rinse after twenty minutes.

Moisturizing mask

• You will need: mix a little fat cream with half a teaspoon of sour cream and lemon juice. Apply the resulting mass to the skin for 20-25 minutes, remove with lotion or tonic.

Toning mask

• For cooking you will need: 2 teaspoons of yolk, 0.5-1 teaspoons of lemon and pumpkin juice and 1-2 teaspoons of sour cream. This mask tones and slightly brightens dry skin.

• For a person, hair plays a big role.
• Firstly, they are a wonderful decoration that allows you to emphasize the charm and hide flaws.
• Secondly, they perform a number of important functions. Hair protects the head from overheating and hypothermia.

HAIR DISEASES

Internal

External

skin diseases;

intoxication of the body;

postoperative period;

drug allergy;

exposure

hair coloring;

the use of tight headgear;

constant friction on any object;

various injuries;

wrong care.

"nesting" alopecia

dry hair

HAIR CAN BE CONDITIONALLY DIVIDED INTO THREE GROUPS:

1) dry type hair - thin, dull, brittle, easily torn, split, after washing, fine dry dandruff appears after 1-2 days;

2) oily type hair - sebaceous, stick together, with an unpleasant odor, with oily dandruff;

3) normal type hair - durable, elastic, with a beautiful natural sheen. They occur mainly in young, practically healthy people.

• Before you start treating dry hair, buy the right shampoo and conditioner for dry hair. And try not to wash your hair for 3-4 days. Wean yourself to wash off the shampoo with hot water. Try to rinse your hair after washing with cold water with vinegar, lemon juice or nettle decoction.
• The most effective remedy for strengthening hair, enhancing their growth and giving them softness - Burr oil. It contains a storehouse of vitamins and fatty acids, tannins, which literally "revive" even the most naughty and dry hair.

• For care and treatment oily hair use only approved folk remedies.
• Useful before washing oily hair grease them with kefir or yogurt and tie for 15-20 minutes with a towel. Instead of soap, you can take dry mustard by dissolving 1 tablespoon of it in 2 liters of water.
• Before washing oily hair, it is useful to do the following procedure: mix 2 tablespoons of onion juice with 2 tablespoons of castor oil. The resulting composition is evenly rubbed into the hair roots, pushing them apart in rows. Then they wrap the head for 30-40 minutes, first with a plastic scarf, and on top with a terry towel.
• Also for oily hair, onion tincture with vodka is recommended. 1 onion is cut in half, pour 50 ml of vodka and insist 2 weeks. The finished tincture is rubbed into the scalp with pressure massage movements. The smell of onion is destroyed by washing the hair in mustard. Excessive greasiness of the hair can be eliminated by washing the head in a decoction of oak bark (3 tablespoons of oak bark pour 1 liter of water and boil for 15 minutes). The cooled and filtered broth is used as water for washing. This procedure must be repeated every 3 days for several weeks.

• Long lines (longitudinal grooves) on the nails may indicate poor absorption of food in the digestive system, unbalanced nutrition, the presence of chronic inflammatory diseases (paranasal sinuses, teeth, or incipient rheumatism).
• Cross grooves on the nails can talk about diseases of the internal organs (kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract).

• Sometimes nails are excessive protruding, protruding. This condition of the nails indicates weakness of the heart and lungs.
• A concave nail is an indicator of iron deficiency.
• Pale nail color indicates anemia. Excessive redness of the nails - an excess of red blood cells.
• Yellowness nails indicates weakness of the liver or hepatitis (in those who do not yellow them with nicotine).
• blue nails speak of a weak heart.
• The reason for the appearance white stripes on nails It may also be a malfunction of the gastrointestinal tract. As a result, some of the food is not digested.

Brittle nails

• Brittle nails are the most common nail defect. The reasons for it may be different. This is the lack of vitamins A and D in the body, the frequent use of harmful substances (washing powder, varnish, acetone, etc.).

Treatment of brittle nails:

• saturation of nails with vitamin D and A;
• include dishes with the use of gelatin (aspic, marmalade, etc.) in the diet;
• baths for nails: Sunflower oil - 1/4 cup Vitamin A - 5 drops Iodine tincture - 3 drops

• Course 2 weeks - daily for 20 minutes. It is useful to make baths from sea or table salt once every 2 days.

BURS

• Burrs are small, painful breaks in the skin. The reason for them is the loss of elasticity of the skin. The skin does not withstand tension and bursts. The treatment consists in the daily use of a fatty cream.
• Damage to the skin during hangnails, injections, injuries can cause a purulent focus in the finger - panaritium.

Burr treatment

Steam the skin of your hands in a warm bath, where you first add 5 - 10 drops of essential lemon, bergamot or petit grain oils. In extreme cases, an ordinary vegetable is also suitable. Keep your hands there for at least 10-15 minutes. Now take special tweezers to remove burrs. In no case do not pull the burr, but carefully bite it with tweezers. If there are no tears on the nail roller, but the skin is quite rough, just sand it down with a saw. Be sure to treat small cuts and wounds with any disinfectant.

• Manicure- cosmetic procedure for the treatment of nails on the fingers and the fingers themselves. Manicure is performed both in beauty salons or beauty parlors by qualified specialists, and at home.
• Pedicure- special toe care (e.g. callus removal, nail polishing). In fact, it is an analogue of a manicure for the legs.

Hygienic qualities of clothes depend on the physical properties of tissue fibers. Clothing serves a person to protect his body from adverse environmental factors - too low or too high temperature, wind, rain, snow, excessive solar radiation and other meteorological damage to the skin. Clothing also protects the surface of the skin from dust, dirt and microorganisms. The main purpose of clothing is to create an optimal artificial microclimate around the human body.

Underwear must also comply with the rules of clothing hygiene - be a kind of "blotter" - absorb sweat, mineral salts, fat and free the skin from exfoliated cells. All this contributes to free skin breathing. Fabrics with the addition of synthetic fibers cleanse the skin worse than fabrics made from natural fibers.

Hygienic summer clothes should be made of cotton, viscose or linen, have a loose fit, be comfortable, light, do not interfere with blood circulation and do not restrict movement. During the cold period clothes of adjacent silhouettes made of woolen fabrics are more suitable.

It is more practical to clean clothes in the morning, in daylight (contaminated places are better visible). And in the evening, you should put your shoes in order, first wiping with a damp cloth, and then rub with ointment and put to dry. In the morning, it remains only to polish the shoes with a dry brush and velvet to a shine.

The warmer the weather, the lighter the clothes should be and the more often and diligently you should wash. in winter clothing hygiene should be given special attention. You should dress so as not to freeze, and put on shoes so as not to wet your feet. In the cold, it is important to wear sufficiently warm underwear, preferably knitted. And you should not wear several pairs of warm socks - in a firmly clenched foot, blood circulation almost stops and the leg begins to freeze, in danger of frostbite. The rule to change underwear at least twice a week also applies to the winter period.

Proper clothing hygiene includes loose and comfortable shoes that are appropriate for the size of the foot and its configuration, weather, climate and type of human activity. Uncomfortable shoes can cause blisters and cracks. Good mood and well-being largely depend on shoes. Do not forget that shoes need care - drying, cleaning, smearing with cream.

Good habits are easier to develop in childhood, so children should be taught to regularly perform clothing hygiene rules so that it turns into a good habit for them to help maintain their health.

• warm in the cold
• do not interfere with heat dissipation
• beautiful and comfortable
• light and practical
• pleasing to the person and the environment

• tight and damp clothes and shoes,
• physical exhaustion,
• prolonged uncomfortable and immobile position of the body in the cold,
• weakening of the body as a result of past diseases,
• strong wind,
• high humidity,
• received injuries,
• alcohol or drug intoxication, etc.

First aid for frostbite faces

Ears, cheeks and nose can

keep warm

palms or warm

pieces of cloth, in no way

case, do not rub! First aid for

frostbite of the face is slow warming,

application of a dry bandage, and then

restoration of blood circulation - plentiful

lubrication with animal fat.

• It is necessary to go into a warm room, wrap your arms and legs well with a warm soft cloth. In no case should you rub them with snow! or a rough cloth - this, of course, will help to warm up, but can lead to damage to the skin. First aid for frostbite of the limbs of the arms and legs: rub them lightly with alcohol or vodka, then dip them in warm water, then wrap them with a dry soft cloth and give the victim a warm drink (not alcohol!).

THERMAL BURN

Signs and symptoms of burns:

• Pain
• Skin redness - 1 degree

• The blisters appeared 2 degree

• Wounds, blisters burst - 3 step ny

• charring and lack of sensitivity - 4 degree

What do we have to do:

What not to do:

• Lubricate with any oil, cream, ointment, protein, etc., apply foam (panthenol) to the freshly burned.
• Tear off sticky clothes.
• Puncture bubbles.

• 1. A burn occurs when:

a) exposure to low temperatures; b) exposure to fire; c) bruises.

• 2. If blisters appear as a result of a burn, then it is necessary:

a) do not touch; b) pierce; c) lubricate with cream.

• 3. Frostbitten area of ​​the skin must:

a) rub with snow; b) warm with palms or a warm cloth; c) put on ice.

• 4. Bandage for burns should be:

a) light, aseptic; b) warming; c) tight, fixing.

• 5. In case of frostbite of the victim, you need to:

a) leave alone, wait for the doctor;

b) apply a cold compress and give a cool drink;

c) provide warmth and give hot drinks.

• 6. What is the most severe degree of frostbite and burn?

a) I; b) II; c) IV; d) III.

• What did today's work give you?
• What was the main discovery for you?
• What was the main achievement for you today?

Each of us dreams of having beautiful shiny hair, because the hairstyle is the dominant factor in our appearance. It is with a hairstyle that we try to convey to others some emotional message. In addition, the condition of the hair is a clear indicator of overall well-being. Human hair is constantly exposed to various adverse effects. Atmospheric phenomena, dust, dirt, all kinds of dyes and chemicals do not have the best effect on the condition of the hair. Therefore, proper hair care () is of exceptional importance and requires perseverance and patience.

Hair lives from several months to several years, depending on the general condition of the body and hairline. The average lifespan of a hair is about five years. After that, the hair falls out, and after a few months another one appears in its place. The norm is the loss of up to 30 hairs per day, and in autumn and spring - up to 100.

There are four types of hair:

normal

Mixed (oily at the roots and dry at the ends).

normal hair shiny and fluffy, easy to care for. fatty- 1-2 days after washing they look great, and then the shine is lost. Dry hair after washing it is difficult to lay, they look lifeless, dull.

Useful to comply hair hygiene there will be food rich in proteins and vitamins, primarily of group B. With normal hair, it is recommended to eat lean fish, chicken meat, legumes and Brussels sprouts. With oily hair, you should not lean on fatty and fried foods. You can safely include leafy vegetables, fresh fruits, salad, yogurt, and grilled food in your diet. For dry hair, avoid fried foods and eliminate fatty cheeses from your diet. If you have mixed hair, do not get carried away with butter and cheese, give up heavily fried foods. If you have dandruff, add more vitamin A-rich foods to your diet.

Hair hygiene washing them with hard water, strong alkaline products, perm, frequent coloring, exposure to the sun without a hat harms them.

An important part hair hygiene is the frequency of their washing, which depends on their type, working and leisure conditions, and the time of year. Therefore, it is difficult to stipulate unambiguous terms. Wash your hair when it is dirty. Before washing, it is useful to comb them with a brush. Moisten your head well with warm water. If the water is hard, add a little baking soda or borax to it (1 teaspoon per 1 liter of water). Dilute a small amount of shampoo with water and apply to the hair, rubbing in with massaging movements, gradually adding water for better foaming. If your hair is very dirty, shampoo it again. After rinsing, apply conditioner to your hair and rinse with cool water after 2-3 minutes. Don't skimp on a good air conditioner and don't use two-in-one hybrids. To add shine to your hair, add the juice of one lemon, table vinegar (a tablespoon per liter of water) or tea leaves to the water. For rinsing, use infusions of birch leaves, chamomile flowers or nettle leaves: pour a tablespoon of dry chopped raw materials with a glass of boiling water, let it brew until it cools down, and strain. When drying your hair with a towel, do not make much effort, it is better to wrap the towel around your head and wait for it to dry.

Hair hygiene involves careful combing, which improves the blood circulation of the scalp and stimulates the secretion of the sebaceous glands. A comb with rare teeth is more suitable. She won't pull out tangled hair. But for dandruff, use a comb with frequent teeth. It is not recommended to use metal combs as they cause skin irritation.

It is better to comb the hair with a bristle brush twice a day in different directions and from roots to ends. Wash your brush at least once a week with warm soapy water.

Wind and sun damage your hair. Therefore, while maintaining hair hygiene, use gels, sprays and hair mousses that block ultraviolet light.

And do not forget to visit the hairdresser every 6-8 weeks.

Content:

Doing

Chapter I.

1.1 How to care for dry hair

Chapter 2. Detergents and cosmetics for hair care

2.1 How to properly wash your hair

Introduction

Hair̶ the subject of female pride at all times. A woman always and everywhere wants to look attractive. And everyone has secrets on how to look irresistible. This is especially true for hair. According to psychologists, it is hair that creates a unique individual female image.

Danish scientists have calculated that on average, every woman aged 19 to 35 spends about 45 minutes a day on hair care. Naturally, our appearance largely depends on how our hair looks. In fact, they are naturally quite strong. But that doesn't mean they shouldn't be taken care of.

For some, grooming means running a comb through your hair a couple of times. Others do not take a step out of the house without a highly combed and generously varnished hairstyle. But that's not care.

Our hair̶ part of our body, they also react to our mood, well-being, the environment, like the skin, the senses. . . The beauty of hair largely depends on how we feel, they̶ barometer of our condition. When we feel good, then our hair is in order̶ theyobedient, flow beautifully, easily fit into the hair. But when a person has a cold or is tired, the hair reacts to all this very painfully. And if you can hide bad health, and disguise skin problems under makeup, then you can’t hide and hide hair. Therefore, hair should be given attention no less than eyes, hands, body, face.

When the hair is in order, we feel confident. But in order to properly care for your hair, you need to know everything about them.How to take care of your hair

Thick and shiny hair has always been considered the standard of beauty and health. By properly caring for your curls and using cosmetics that suit your hair type, you can achieve this ideal.

Proper hair care at home comes down to three rules. The first rule is proper hair washing. Before washing the hair, it is necessary to comb it well with a massage comb or comb. Thus, not only the blood circulation of the scalp improves, but also the washing out of dead skin cells is simplified. Next, completely wet your hair with water, the temperature of which should preferably not exceed 35 degrees Celsius. Apply the required amount of shampoo to the palm of your hand, mixing it with a small amount of water, and distribute it along the hair. Gently massage the shampoo into the scalp. Rinse off soap suds with plenty of water. Repeat the procedure for applying and rinsing the shampoo in order to completely wash the impurities from the hair. According to the instructions, use a balm to give your hair a healthy and beautiful appearance. Blot wet hair with a towel without rubbing it between your palms, this negatively affects the structure of the hair, because this is how the hair breaks and splits.

The second rule is the correct combing of hair. Long hair must be combed from the ends, gathering the hair in a ponytail, and then proceed to combing the roots. Short hair should start combing from the roots, moving towards the tips. In no case do not comb wet hair, as they are severely injured. Let them dry slightly by wrapping your hair in a dry turban towel, and then comb your hair using a detangling spray or other similar products.

The third rule is gentle hair drying. Ideally, to preserve the beauty and health of the hair, they must be dried naturally. But there is not always time for this, besides, you can achieve volume or make curls only using a hair dryer, curling iron or other hair styling devices. We recommend blow-drying your hair with a heat protectant. Such a cosmetic product will protect your strands from exposure to the high temperatures of a hair dryer, tongs or curlers that are detrimental to hair.

Also remember that when styling your hair with a hair dryer, it must be kept at a distance of at least 20 centimeters from the head.
Let's supplement these rules with tips for caring for different types of hair.

1.1 How to care for dry hair

Hair becomes dry due to frequent hair washing, exposure to high temperatures, or due to health conditions. Therefore, dry hair needs gentle care. It is necessary to wash dry hair using a mild shampoo for dry and damaged hair, which restores the structure of damaged hair, nourishes and moisturizes it, and protects it from overdrying. And special moisturizing aerosols will help the hair replenish its moisture supply, for example, Macadamia and Aloe moisturizing hair spray and others from Avon, Bonacure Moisture Kick from Schwarzkopf, Collection Polynesie from Faberlic.

There are also folk methods for solving the problem of dry hair. For example, you can make an infusion of peppermint. Pour 2 tablespoons of dried mint with 1 cup of boiling water. Insist 30 minutes. Rinse your hair with mint infusion after shampooing. Thus, the work of the sebaceous glands is activated and the hair receives the necessary dose of natural sebum. You can also mix olive and burdock oils and apply this mixture evenly on your hair before washing your hair. Wrap your hair in a plastic bag and a towel to create a warming effect. After 40 minutes, wash the oil mixture out of your hair with shampoo.

1.2 How to care for oily hair

Salting of hair occurs due to improper hair care, disruption of the sebaceous glands. Proper nutrition will help to cope with oily hair (exclude sweets from the diet); taking a vitamin complex, which includes B vitamins and vitamin E, as well as the correct selection of cosmetic products for oily hair. It is not recommended to use masks and all kinds of balms, gels and oils that weigh down already oily hair. Also, increased activity of the sebaceous glands of the scalp causes frequent combing of hair, exposure to elevated temperatures, as in the case of drying hair with a hairdryer or washing your hair with hot water. It is recommended to use special shampoos for oily hair and rinse them with degreasing agents, for example, a water-vinegar solution at the rate of 1 liter of water per 1 tablespoon of apple cider vinegar.

It fights well with the problem of oily hair and a healing mask of egg yolk. Mix 1 raw egg yolk with 1 teaspoon of alcohol and 1 teaspoon of water. Rub this mixture into the skin of the pre-washed head. Leave it on your hair for 10 minutes and then rinse it off, massaging the scalp gently. Egg yolk is able to suppress excessive secretion of sebum, and alcohol degreases the hair and scalp, making them less polished.

You can also use ready-made products against oily hair. This is Care Line lotion for oily scalp from the Keune trademark (Netherlands); lotion to restore the balance of the secretion of the sebaceous glands K05 from the trademark KAARAL (Italy); a mask that regulates the secretion of the sebaceous glands from the brand Norgil (France), etc.

1.3 How to take care of your hair so it grows faster

It is impossible to significantly accelerate hair growth. After all, a certain rate of hair growth is genetically inherent in a person, the increase of which is beyond the power of world scientists. However, it should be said that due to certain factors, hair can slow down in growth. Therefore, in order to answer the question: “How to make hair grow faster?”, We will consider all the factors that negatively affect the ability of hair to grow “in full force”.

The main reason that slows down healthy hair growth is the lack of optimal conditions for this very growth. First of all, it is a lack of essential vitamins in the human body. Vitamins of group B, vitamin A, C and E are able to stimulate hair growth in combination.

Thiamine (vitamin B1 or aneurin) stimulates hair growth, prevents hair breakage and loss of natural shine. Plant foods richest in thiamine: beans, peas, soybeans, spinach, as well as wheat bread made from wholemeal flour.

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) improves blood circulation in the scalp and is generally responsible for the overall healthy appearance of the hair. A clear sign of a lack of vitamin B2 in the human body is such a picture when the hair roots quickly become oily, and their tips remain dry. Sources of riboflavin (vitamin B2) are liver, yeast, mushrooms, almonds, cottage cheese and other dairy products, broccoli, etc.

Nicotinic acid (vitamin B3, PP or niacin) improves the supply of oxygen to the hair follicles, stimulating hair growth. Early gray hair is a sign of a deficiency in the human body of nicotinic acid, since it is she who is responsible for the formation of pigment in the hair. The largest amount of vitamin B3 is found in beef.

Pantothenic acid (provitamin B5 or D-panthenol) helps to smooth the surface of the hair shaft, forms a protective film, thereby protecting the hair from moisture loss when exposed to high temperatures during the hot season and when using a hair dryer.

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) prevents dandruff and dryness, flaking of the scalp, and, as a result, itching, burning and other unpleasant sensations. This vitamin is found in foods such as buckwheat, wheat cereals and rice, carrots, bananas, avocados, corn, potatoes, soybeans and other products.

Biotin (vitamin B7 or vitamin H) gives hair a healthy shine, and curls of elasticity and elasticity, and also prevents hair loss in men. Biotin is found in liver, beans, cauliflower, peanuts, tomatoes, spinach, boiled egg yolk, and wheat bran.

Beta-carotene (vitamin A) reduces excessive secretion of sebaceous glands, prevents brittleness and hair loss. The action of vitamin A is enhanced when taken together with vitamin E, which also has a beneficial effect on the nutrition of hair follicles. Vitamin A is found in butter, sour cream, fish oil and caviar, and vitamin E is found in vegetable oil, leafy greens, tomatoes, whole grains, soybeans, etc.

A complex of vitamins and minerals necessary to increase hair growth is offered by many modern pharmaceutical companies, for example, Nutrival, Fitoval, Multitabs B-complex + AEvit.

It is important to note that the general condition of the human body also affects the health of the hair. Improper diet, stress and alcohol and tobacco use also negatively affect hair growth and their condition in general.

Stimulates hair growth and massages the scalp, which helps to increase blood circulation in the skin. This technique is quite simple to perform. All you need to do before washing your hair is to massage the scalp with light circular movements of the fingertips for about 5-7 minutes. To enhance the effect and improve gliding, hands can be lubricated with natural essential oils, such as tea tree oil, rosemary, coriander, cypress, cedar or mint, before the massage. And you can use ready-made indelible serums for stimulating hair growth for this purpose, for example, serum of TM "Vielita" of the Vitamin PRO series or burdock serum from TM "Elf".

The main thing to remember is that after a massage, the scalp produces an excessive amount of sebum, so it is better to massage using indelible serums before going to bed so that in the morning you can wash your hair with shampoo and go to work / study with a “fresh” hairstyle. In the case of essential oils, the hair can be washed with shampoo immediately after the end of the massage procedure, however, trichologists (doctors involved in the diagnosis and treatment of hair) advise leaving the mask of therapeutic essential oil for about an hour, wrapping the hair with a plastic bag and a towel to create a warming effect. an effect that has a beneficial effect on the ability of the hair to absorb the necessary nutrients.

The third barrier that prevents healthy hair growth is improper hair care. If you have colored or highlighted hair, then they need special care.

1.4 How to care for highlighted hair

Highlighted, colored and dyed hair needs to restore and strengthen the hair structure. To do this, use balms and masks marked "For highlighted hair." To maintain color and shine, it is recommended to wash highlighted hair with a special shampoo for highlighted hair, for example, Lumino Contrast shine shampoo for highlighted hair from L’Oreal, Illumi Lights from Schwarzkopf or Lifetex Color protection from Wella.

Traditional medicine offers the following recipes for fully or partially colored hair.

Prepare a fruit mask for highlighted hair. To do this, mix grapefruit juice and kiwi pulp, add a little honey. The proportions of the ingredients depend on the length of the hair. Spread the mixture over the entire length of the hair and leave it for 15 minutes. Rinse your hair well with warm water. This mask contains fruit acids that will strengthen your hair and neutralize the alkali residues after dyeing your hair.

A mask of beer and egg yolk can restore shine and softness to highlighted hair. Mix 0.5 cup of warm light beer with 1 egg yolk. Apply the resulting liquid to clean hair and scalp. Wrap your hair with a plastic bag and a towel for 40 minutes. Rinse your hair under warm water without using shampoo. The smell of beer will disappear in a couple of hours, and the hair will become silky to the touch and more shiny in appearance. If you are still afraid that the smell of beer will remain even after a few hours, then it is better to make such a hair mask on a day off, when you can stay at home and devote the day to yourself.
As for the basic care for highlighted hair, it is identical to the care for ordinary uncolored hair. We wrote above about proper hair care at home.

1.5 How to care for hair extensions

Hair extensions require a careful attitude to themselves in order to prolong the period of wearing them. We will present the recommendations of hairdressers for the care of hair extensions in the form of the following list:

1. Combing "donor" strands is necessary with a special comb with bristles or with silicone teeth without balls at their tips. You can not use combs and ordinary “massages” with metal teeth for combing hair extensions, since such combs lead to the destruction of capsules that glue native hairs with an extended lock, and they also contribute to the formation of microcracks on the hairs, and as a result, lead to hair loss.

It is necessary to start combing the hair from the middle of the hair length, i.e. from their tips, collecting them with your hand in a tail, and then go to the roots. When combing your hair, make sure that the strands in the places of soldering do not tangle with each other, so it will be more difficult to unhook them during correction. Also try not to cling to the soldering spots!

2. It is necessary to wash the extended hair without tipping it over and without tilting your head forward. The ideal option for washing your hair is standing in the shower or sitting in the bath. As for the selection of shampoos, professionals advise choosing a non-concentrated shampoo for normal hair with a neutral pH balance, since shampoo for oily hair will dry out the extensions, and for dry hair, on the contrary, it will soften, which will lead to combing them out. Or you can buy a special mild shampoo for hair extensions, for example, Keune Hair Extensions from Shampoo.

3. It is strictly forbidden to apply masks, balms and similar hair care products to the hair roots or rub them into the area where adhesions are located, as they can destroy the structure of the glue that holds the extended hairs with your family. All kinds of balms, lotions, etc. funds can be applied only to the ends of the hair, evenly distributing along their entire length.

4. Drying hot hair extensions with a hair dryer is not recommended, but if you still need to quickly dry your hair, then set the hair dryer to cold drying mode. In general, if possible, minimize the use of hair dryers, curling irons, irons and other thermal devices, and on hot summer days, do not forget to use heat-protective hair products.

5. At night, it is advisable to braid your hair in one or two loose braids to avoid tangling your hair.

1.6 How to care for hair after a perm

Any chemical perm, even “sparing” (as one of the types of perm is called), damages the hair structure to one degree or another, so the hair needs especially careful care. It is important to note that perm dries out the hair, and if you already have dry hair, then you are strictly forbidden to use chemical perms. Otherwise, it will be very difficult to restore a healthy look to your hair.

Also remember that on the day of curling, and preferably in the next three days, it is not recommended to wash and blow-dry your hair, because after chemical exposure they are very sensitive to shampoo components and hot air, in addition, chemical processes continue to occur for several more days, and who knows what reaction might result.

To restore injured areas of the hair, after each hair wash, use moisturizing and regenerating balms and rinses intended for hair after perming. Remember, they need to be applied every time you wash your hair, and nourishing masks must be done once a week. In addition, the emphasis should be placed precisely on the ends of the hair, because usually they suffer the most during a perm.

For styling hair, use foams, gels, fluids with healing properties and only for curly hair, as fixatives for straight hair make it heavier and help straighten curls. Natural substances can also be used as styling products, for example, lemon juice, bread kvass or beer, flaxseed infusion. Deep coloring of hair can be done only after 2-3 weeks from the moment of curling, otherwise the hair will be severely damaged.

To comb your hair, use non-metallic combs with a rare arrangement of teeth.

Chapter 2. Detergents and cosmetics for hair care

We, women, know better than anyone that hair is an ornament, and not an appendage of the skin. It is they who give each its own, unique flair. Thanks to them, it’s so easy to change in an instant: cut your hair or grow curls, lay it in a cascade or leave it with a lush mane. But in order for them to look good, they need to be protected. If hair, like our entire body, reacts to stress, to a bad environment, to what we eat, what we drink, how to wash it, how can we protect it?

What can we do with our hair! And lay with a hot hairdryer, and dye, and curl, and wash with hard tap water. We have no other choice, but there is no need to sacrifice hair for beauty. We will try to provide them with at least minimal care.

2.1 How to properly wash your hair?

Wash your hair with soft water . To do this, you can use a basin of cooled boiled water or tap water with the addition of a tablespoon of baking soda. And you can also brew nettle if the hair is dark, or chamomile if it is light, and add it to the same basin.

Water should be warmer room temperature , best of all - around 50 degrees. Then it dissolves sebum and removes dirt, but does not make the hair greasy, unlike hot.

2.2 How to choose the right shampoo for washing your hair?

Choose a shampoo according to your hair type. Remember: there is no shampoo for all hair types! If only because the shampoo for oily hair contains more detergent than the product for dry hair.

You can’t constantly wash your hair with anti-dandruff shampoo, because it is the same medicine as aspirin or antibiotics. You do not eat pills instead of breakfast. So why wash your hair with them? Anti-dandruff shampoo can only be purchased at ! It contains substances that slow down the division of skin cells, and also removes its dead scales. But using it too often makes hair dull and dry.

Comb your hair before washing . Put a little shampoo on your palm and add water to reduce the concentration, apply the mixture to wet hair and massage the scalp thoroughly, rinse off the foam with clean water. Remember: if the shampoo foams easily, this is not at all a sign of its quality.

After that, it is useful to rinse your head with an acidic solution (1 tablespoon of vinegar or lemon juice per 1 liter of water) - this will make your hair shine. You can also use a decoction of herbs (the same nettle, chamomile, oak), this will help strengthen the hair.

There are a lot of “after washing” products. They are designed to help hair look healthy and beautiful. They create a mild acidic environment on the surface of the hair and neutralize the alkaline effect of detergents, while the “tousled” hair scales close: the surface of the hair becomes smooth. Also, particles of various substances that make up their composition nourish and moisturize the soft tissues of the hair, so that the hair becomes elastic, soft and silky.

The balm levels the surface of the hair, stimulates hair growth and regulates sebum secretion. provides hair with quick and harmless drying without taking away the necessary moisture, and also neutralizes static electricity. The conditioner facilitates combing of hair, covering them with a protective film. The mask serves as the basis for the process of restoring the structure of the hair, nourishing dry or drying oily scalp.

Do not forget : balm, conditioner or rinse should be used every time after washing. The mask should be used once a week or even two, as needed. I discourage buying expensive masks. It's easier to do it yourself. We buy in the cheapest hair mask, squeeze it into a bowl, break the yolk there, add a teaspoon of honey and a few drops of olive oil, mix thoroughly. At another time, you can add a few drops of vitamin E. The effect is amazing! Soft, smooth, shiny hair effortlessly. In general, you can fantasize with masks, look at the result, and achieve the desired effect.

Yetvery good hair oils . Sold in any pharmacy. They are easily applied to the hair and are easily washed off, for example, the same burdock oil. If you apply it on your hair, wrap it in a bag and a towel, walk around with this turban on your head for an hour and a half, after washing your hair will be strong, thick and beautiful.

Mask for oily hair: Mix the yolk whipped with a whisk with 1 tsp. boiled water. Rub into the scalp and leave for 10 minutes, then rinse with warm water.

1 tbsp yeast pour 1 tsp. water, mix until the yeast is completely dissolved. Beat the protein and pour into the solution, mix again. Rub into the scalp. Leave until dry, rinse with warm water.

2 tbsp rub tea tree oil into the scalp and lubricate the hair, leave for 15 minutes.

Mask for dry hair: Whisk egg white and yolk separately. First apply the protein foam, then the yolk mass. Leave until completely dry, rinse the egg usually with warm water and rinse with water slightly acidified with vinegar.

4 tbsp slightly warm vegetable oil and rub it into the scalp, cover your head with a terry towel and leave for 20-30 minutes. Wash off with regular shampoo for dry hair.

3 tbsp heat vegetable oil in a water bath, add 1 tsp. lemon juice. Mix. Rub into scalp and apply to hair. Wrap your head with plastic wrap and a terry towel. Leave the mask for 2 hours and rinse with warm water.

2.3 How to dry your hair properly?

It's better to splurge on a hair dryer and buy a professional one. Firstly, purified air is supplied from it. Secondly, you can not wait until the hair dries under a cold blow, but turn on the hot mode, but it is so hot there that with one breath the hair is dried, but does not dry out like savannah trees. If there is no such hair dryer, hair on the coldest setting so as not to damage them.

2.4 How can split ends be helped?

The most common problem today is split ends. This is the scourge of women who dream of long hair, but can not afford it because of the split hair. They break easily, tangle and look dull. Most often, this affects the ends of the hair, but the hair can split along the entire length. Split ends appear after perm and dyeing, the use of soap and a hot hair dryer, and strong burnout in the sun.

You can help the trouble - as usual, the main thing is desire. Split ends need to be trimmed every 4-6 weeks. Instead of iron brushes, buy wooden ones with large, rare teeth. Apply an olive oil mask 30 minutes before washing. Wash your hair with medicated shampoos with lecithin, vitamin B5, chamomile extract, lime blossom, mint, wheat germ. To rinse split ends, you can also use infusions of linden, peppermint, pharmacy chamomile and birch leaves. And the ends of the hair will be protected by a special cream or balm for split ends, which is rubbed into the ends after washing the hair and is not washed off. With further care for split ends, you need to use only a hairdryer with a cool effect and forget about different curling irons and thermal curlers.

Split ends need more protection . Fixing varnishes and mousses will not help, as they contain alcohol, which already dehydrated hair. Choose coloring products with a healing effect that moisturize and nourish your hair well, making it beautiful and shiny. You should also pay attention to nutrition, lifestyle, etc. Here, our assistants are active movement, sound and long sleep, the absence of sweet and fatty foods in the diet, the presence of vegetables and fruits, nuts and herbs. Clean water in sufficient quantities is simply necessary to maintain the water balance of the body in general and hair in particular.

If folk remedies do not help, you should definitely consult a trichologist. I emphasize: a doctor. Because the profession of a trichologist has become very fashionable lately. But a person without a medical education has a hard time, because it is impossible to treat only hair. Hair, like nails and skin, is a reflection of the state of the body as a whole. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to identify the main problem, which led, among other things, to hair damage. Hike to the illiterate , who immediately diagnoses “thyroid insufficiency” without tests and prescribes iodine preparations in a triple dosage, threatens with real, and not imaginary thyrotoxicosis and drug-induced hepatitis. Why do you need such complications?

Find an adequate doctor and consult with him. Reward - chic, thick, obedient hair of any desired length

Biology lesson in the 8th classroom “Care for hair, skin, hands, nails, clothes. First aid for burns and frostbite.

Lesson type: study and primary assimilation of new material.

Planned results:

subject - contribute to the formation of ideas about the various degrees of burns and frostbite; about skin care, nails, hair, clothes;

metasubject - create conditions: for the development of thinking; learn to analyze; highlight the main. Create conditions for the development of speech: vocabulary enrichment; attention; memory; personal - cultivating respect for one's own health and the health of others; develop the ability to establish a relationship between non-compliance with hygiene rules and the formation of damage to the skin;learn to work in a group, listen to the opinions of others, tolerance.

Teaching methods:partial search,problem, project.

Forms of organization of students' activities:work in groups, performance of cognitive tasks, design.

Means of education:

8th grade textbook. Biology. Human. N.I.Sonin, M.R.Sonin - M.: Bustard, 2002 Additional material on the topic. Topic presentations.

Equipment used: Appendix: presentation on the topic “Care for hair, skin, hands, nails. First aid for burns and frostbite. »

Multimedia projector, individual instruction cards, landscape sheets, markers.

During the classes

	Lesson stages	Teacher activity	Organization of the component in the lesson	Student activities
	Organizational moment.	I propose to determine the readiness for the lesson, I create a positive attitude for the lesson. Smile to each other and wish you success in your work.		Check the layout of the workplace. Determine readiness for the lesson.
	Motivation.	I name the topic of the lesson. The epigraph to the lesson is taken from the words of A.P. Chekhov: “Everything in a person should be beautiful: the face, and clothes, and the soul, and thoughts ... " Why do you think?	Statement by A.P. Chekhov.	Express their thoughts, suggestions, assumptions.
	Actualization.	Is this statement still relevant?	Work on the statement.
III.	Goal setting.	Ask the students to define the objectives of the lesson: 1. Know: how to care for skin, hair, nails, the degree of burns and frostbite. 2. Be able to: provide first aid for frostbite and burns. 3. Learn to: take care of skin, hair, nails, clothes.	Formulate your questions on the topic. Write down in a notebook.	Write down the topic of the lesson in a notebook and offer various options for questions, write them down in a notebook. How to take care of skin, hair, nails, clothes? What are the degrees of burns and frostbite? - How to provide first aid?
	Lesson planning.	To achieve our goals, you need to work together in groups. Each group was given an advanced task: to prepare messages and presentations on topics. Choose a group coordinator, speakers, graphic designer. You have everything you need to work on your desks.		They distribute responsibilities in the group, choose a coordinator, speakers, an artist - a designer.
	Implementation of the plan.	Independent work in groups on assignments. Group 1 - skin care. Group 2 - hair care. Group 3 - nail care. Group 4 - clothing hygiene. Group 5 - first aid for frostbite. Group 6 - first aid for burns. I invite the groups to speak. 1 group 2 group 3 group 4 group 5 group 6 group We conclude that in order for everything to be perfect in a person, it is necessary to take care of your body, clothes, and follow the rules of hygiene. Avoid injury and damage to the skin.	Develops speech, tolerance, ability to listen to others Development of information and communication skills.	Work in groups on assignments. Groups perform on assignment. Presentation "Skin care". Presentation "Hair care". Presentation "Nail care". Presentation "Clothing Hygiene". Presentation "First aid for frostbite." Presentation "First Aid for Burns". Ask questions to the speakers. Make notes in a notebook.
	Control and evaluation.	Test 1. A burn occurs when:a) exposure to low temperatures; b) exposure to fire; c) bruises. 2. If blisters appear as a result of a burn, then it is necessary:a) do not touch; b) pierce; c) lubricate with cream. 3. Frostbitten area of ​​the skin must:a) rub with snow; b) warm with the palm of your hand or a warm cloth; c) put on ice. 4. Bandage for burns should be:a) light, aseptic; b) warming; c) tight, fixing. 5. In case of frostbite of the victim, you need to:a) leave alone, wait for the doctor; b) apply a cold compress and give a cool drink; c) provide warmth and give hot drinks. 6. What is the most severe degree of frostbite and burn?a) I; b) II; c) IV; d) III. I propose to conduct a self-assessment and mutual assessment of work in a group. I propose to evaluate the work of other groups.	What was the goal? - Have you reached your goal? Which group did you like the most? Why?	Perform a test task. Conduct self-assessment and peer-assessment of group work. Evaluate the work of other groups.
	Reflection.	I propose questions: What did today's work give you? -What was the most important discovery for you? --What was the main achievement for you today?	Develops self-esteem, the ability to do analysis.	They answer questions.

Application #1:

Work algorithm.

Distribute responsibilities in the group: select 1.coordinator, 2.speakers, 3.designer,

Topic: "Care for hair, skin, hands, nails."

Hair care

Hair is an adornment of any person, and in order for it to look good, it must be protected. To save hair, you need to know what it is. Hair is 3% moisture and 97% protein. Protein substance - keratin, enriched with sulfur, trace elements (iron, copper, zinc, chromium, manganese) and vitamins A, B, P, C, D.

Hair grows all over the body except on the palms and soles. An adult has about 100,000 hairs, and their number depends on the color. Redheads have the thickest hair, but less of it than brunettes. Blondes have the most hair - approximately 150,000. Blacks have the largest hair of all, can be 3 times thicker than blonds.

The hair on the head is unevenly distributed: more on the crown of the head, less on the temporal part and near the forehead. The first human hair appears at the end of the third month of fetal development. Hair grows differently too. The fastest on the head (for 3 days - about 1 mm), the slowest - on the eyebrows.

An individual hair lives on average from a few months to 6 years. Eyelashes live from 3 to 5 months, vellus - 7-10 months. It is considered normal if 30 to 50 hairs fall out on the head per day. hair properties

Growing healthy hair is usually strong and resilient. The hair can be stretched to 1/5 of its length, and after that it returns to its state. In terms of strength, they are comparable to aluminum and are able to withstand a load of 100 to 200 g. It is not surprising, therefore, that in the old days, ropes were woven from women's braids, designed to lift large loads. Hair is hygroscopic, meaning it can absorb moisture. They are quite resistant to weak acids, but they do not tolerate alkaline compounds.

For a person, hair plays a big role. Firstly, they are a wonderful decoration that allows you to emphasize the charm, hide flaws, and, secondly, they perform a number of important functions. Hair protects the head from overheating and hypothermia.

Hair has the ability to accumulate certain substances, which allows it to be used as an identifier. Criminalists have long successfully used this property of hair in their work.

The structure of the hair shows that its growth, condition and appearance depend on the condition of its papilla, which is the source of its nutrition and development. And also from the vital activity of the sebaceous and sweat glands of the scalp (since they maintain the softness and elasticity of the hair shaft). The functions of the papilla, sebaceous and sweat glands are regulated mainly by the nervous and endocrine systems of the body.Hair diseases

The causes that lead to hair disease are divided intointernal and external. to external include hair coloring, bleaching and prolonged use of tight hats, constant rubbing against an object (for example, children experience hair loss at the back of the head when rubbing against a pillow), various injuries and improper care.

to internal causes include: skin diseases (furunculosis, mycosis, etc.); intoxication of the body; infectious diseases (typhus, syphilis, etc.); postoperative period; drug allergy; disorders of the nervous system, hormonal dysfunction; deficiency of vitamins and microelements (for example, iron, sulfur, zinc, vitamins A, E, etc.); exposure; dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract.

With the exhaustion of the nervous system, overwork, depression, dryness and brittle hair are observed, accompanied by the appearance of dandruff. Dandruff is the result of excessive desquamation of the surface of the stratum corneum (accompanied by itching). Dryness is caused by a weakening of the function of the sebaceous and sweat glands. The papilla decreases, the follicle is depleted, causing dystrophy. Which leads to massive hair loss over time.

With severe stress, patchy "nested" alopecia may occur: rounded areas are formed on the skin, almost completely devoid of hair. And if nesting baldness is not accompanied by the death of the papilla, then, although slowly, the growth process is restored.

Another reason for damage to the hair papilla is various types of intoxication of the body (infectious, food, pregnancy-related, etc.). Sometimes the hair falls out in bunches, and not only on the head, but also on the eyebrows, eyelashes, and on the body. Intoxication can be caused by a decrease in the cleansing function of the kidneys. This will not be slow to affect the condition of the skin and hair.

To dryness, brittle hair can lead to insufficient levels of hormones in the blood. This is also the result of malnutrition and malnutrition.

Dry hair

A common cause of dryness and hair loss is improper hair care and traumatic actions. External causes listed include frequent use of alkaline soaps, hot hair dryers, rough combing (with metal and poor-quality burred wooden combs), dyeing with a fixer at a perhydrol concentration of more than 12%, increased solar activity combined with dry wind (at sea), and also long-term wearing of one type of hairstyle (ponytail, bouffant) and parting. Improper care leads to the fact that the hair changes its structure and begins to split, this disease is called trichoptilosis.

Oily hair

Changing the functions of various organs and body systems can lead to oily hair. At the same time, the hair becomes greasy, sticks together, becomes covered with greasy scales - dandruff. The disease is called seborrhea (was discussed above). Increased fat content can also be caused by improper care - rubbing a large amount of fatty nourishing oils, masks.

Thus, hair can be divided into three groups:

1) dry type hair- thin, dull, brittle, easily torn, split, after washing, fine dry dandruff appears after 1-2 days;
2) oily type hair- sebaceous, stick together, with an unpleasant odor, with oily dandruff;
3) normal type hair- durable, elastic, with a beautiful natural sheen. They occur mainly in young, practically healthy people.

Dry hair treatment.

There are many ways, so do not get upset. Moreover, many of them have an instant healing effect. And with prolonged use, your dry hair will turn into silky and shiny.

Before you start treating dry hair, buy the right shampoo and conditioner for dry hair. And try not to wash your hair for 3-4 days. Wean yourself to wash off the shampoo with hot water. Try to rinse your hair after washing with cold water with vinegar, lemon juice or nettle decoction.

Your hair will feel and look better. After 2 weeks of such therapy, you will be pleasantly surprised!

If everything remains the same, proceed directly todry hair treatment.

The most effective remedy for strengthening hair, enhancing their growth and giving them softness - Burr oil. It contains a storehouse of vitamins and fatty acids, tannins, which literally "revive" even the most naughty and dry hair.

If you complain of dryness, it is not recommended to rub your hair with a towel and dry it with a hot hair dryer. Use cold air, or dry your hair naturally.

Greasy hair

For the care and treatment of oily hair use only approvedfolk remedies.

Useful before washing oily hair grease them with kefir or yogurt and tie for 15-20 minutes with a towel. Instead of soap, you can take dry mustard by dissolving 1 tablespoon of it in 2 liters of water.

Before washing oily hair, it is useful to do the following procedure: mix 2 tablespoons of onion juice with 2 tablespoons of castor oil. The resulting composition is evenly rubbed into the hair roots, pushing them apart in rows. Then they wrap the head for 30-40 minutes, first with a plastic scarf, and on top with a terry towel.

Also for oily hair, onion tincture with vodka is recommended. 1 onion is cut in half, pour 50 ml of vodka and insist 2 weeks. The finished tincture is rubbed into the scalp with pressure massage movements.
The smell of onion is destroyed by washing the hair in mustard.

Also 2-3 hours before washing oily hair you can rub carrot juice into the scalp. This will reduce the oiliness of the hair.

Excessive greasiness of the hair can be eliminated by washing the head in a decoction of oak bark (3 tablespoons of oak bark pour 1 liter of water and boil for 15 minutes). The cooled and filtered broth is used as water for washing. This procedure must be repeated every 3 days for several weeks.

Greasy hair it is useful to wash with a decoction of horsetail. To prepare it, 2 tablespoons of horsetail herb are poured into 1 liter of boiling water, boiled over low heat for 10 minutes, insisted for 15-20 minutes, then filtered.

Output:

Beautiful and healthy hair always attracts attention and makes a woman feel seductive and irresistible. Often, gorgeous hair is not a gift of nature at all, but the result of proper and regular hair care. Even the most stunning hair can look dull and lifeless if not cared for or treated incorrectly.

Nail care

You can learn a lot about your health from your nails. Nails contain a variety of microelements, such as selenium, calcium, chromium, phosphorus, zinc, etc. All these microelements are very important for the health of our body, but it may happen that the metabolism in the body is disturbed for some reason. These violations will immediately affect the nails, perhaps this will be the only external manifestation.

Nail diagnostics

Long lines (longitudinal grooves) on the nails may indicate poor absorption of food in the digestive system, an unbalanced diet, the presence of chronic inflammatory diseases (paranasal sinuses, teeth, or incipient rheumatism).

Transverse grooves on the nails can indicate diseases of the internal organs (kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract).

Sometimes the nails are excessively protruding, convex. This condition of the nails indicates weakness of the heart and lungs.

A concave nail is an indicator of iron deficiency.

Pale nails indicate anemia.
Excessive redness of the nails - an excess of red blood cells.

The yellowness of the nails indicates a weakness of the liver or hepatitis (in those who do not yellow them with nicotine).

Blue nails indicate a weak heart.

Ways to treat nails

Brittle nails - the most common nail defect. The reasons for it may be different. This is the lack of vitamins A and D in the body, the frequent use of harmful substances (washing powder, varnish, acetone, etc.).

Treatment of brittle nails:

• saturation of nails with vitamin D and A;
• include dishes with the use of gelatin (aspic, marmalade, etc.) in the diet;
• nail baths:
  Sunflower oil - 1/4 cup
  Vitamin A - 5 drops
  Iodine tincture - 3 drops
• Course 2 weeks - daily for 20 minutes. It is useful to make baths from sea or table salt once every 2 days.

Burr treatment

Burrs are small, painful breaks in the skin. The reason for them is the loss of elasticity of the skin. The skin does not withstand tension and bursts. The treatment consists in the daily use of a fatty cream.

Damage to the skin during hangnails, injections, injuries can cause a purulent focus in the finger - panaritium.

Steam the skin of your hands in a warm bath, where you first add 5 - 10 drops of essentiallemon, bergamot or petit grain oils. In extreme cases, an ordinary vegetable is also suitable. Keep your hands there for at least 10-15 minutes. Now take special tweezers to remove burrs.

In no case do not pull the burr, but carefully bite it with tweezers. If there are no tears on the nail roller, but the skin is quite rough, just sand it down with a saw. Be sure to treat small cuts and wounds with any disinfectant.

Manicure - cosmetic procedure for the treatment of nails on the fingers and the fingers themselves. Manicure is performed both in beauty salons or beauty parlors by qualified specialists, and at home.

Pedicure - special toe care (e.g. callus removal, nail polishing). In fact, it is an analogue of a manicure for the legs.

Skin care

• cleanliness - wash your face with water at room temperature (hot water reduces elasticity; cold water - blockage of excretory ducts)

• wash sweaty parts of the body

• dry shoes

Causes of skin diseases

• malnutrition => overnutrition => redness, greasy appearance

• alcohol => puffiness, flabbiness.

• lack of vitamins:

• hypovitaminosis A => dry, rough
• hypovitaminosis B 2 => cracks in the corners of the mouth, brittle nails
• hypovitaminosis C => petechial hemorrhages

• hormonal disorders:

Acne (avoid greasy, hot food, spicy)

Hand skin care

It is the hands that most often give out the true age of a person. Intense contact with water and detergents is very unfavorable for good, well-groomed hands, since soap solutions wash away grease and moisture-forming substances from them. The sun, dry air, frost lead to premature aging and the formation of "age spots".

Each person should carefully monitor the condition of the skin of the hands and nails. First of all, you should observe hand hygiene, their cleanliness. Self-care for hands comes down to cleansing, softening and protecting them from harmful effects.

To protect against harmful substances, you can use a protective cream, and better, if possible, rubber gloves.

When washing your hands, try to use soaps with an alkaline environment corresponding to normal skin (pH - 5.5-6.5).

Methods for treating the skin of the hands

• For hardened, reddened hands, it is advisable to conduct a course of masks during the week.
• Grind 2 potatoes into a liquid puree, add a few drops of glycerin, lemon juice and dip your hands into this mass for 10-15 minutes. Course - 1 week, daily.
• Olive oil - 1/4 cup, tea tree oil - 1/4 teaspoon. This composition will soothe irritated skin of the hands.

Wet hands. This is certainly an unpleasant thing, and it must be vigorously combated.

Three times a day after washing, wipe your hands with a mixture of vodka and lemon juice (1 part juice, 5 parts vodka).

However, these measures may not help, as moisture can be caused by excessive nervousness, improper metabolism, and other reasons.

Facial skin care

Every day, the skin is exposed to various stressful influences. Nothing passes without a trace, and rain, and wind, and temperature changes, and the sun, and dry indoor air, and stress, and overstrain - all this does not pass without a trace for our skin. And now, after only 25-30 years of life, it gradually begins to fade. The initial changes are minor and we don't pay much attention to them. But if nothing is done further, then in a couple of years much more careful care will be needed to restore its individual functions.

Skin of any type needs competent and properly selected care. The usual cosmetic procedure for facial skin care includes the stages of superficial and deep cleansing, moisturizing, oxygen treatments, professional massage, nutrition, smoothing and lifting.

If your skin does not have any aesthetic defects, then it is enough for you to try to keep it always moisturized and well cleaned.

Skin with increased activity of the sebaceous glands gives its owners a lot of trouble, and the main thing it needs is the stimulation of metabolic processes and, of course, hydration.

1. Kefir mask for oily skin

This mask cleanses and dries the skin. Using a cotton swab, evenly apply a small amount of kefir to cleansed skin. Leave on for 15 minutes, then rinse with cool water.

1. Protein mask for oily skin

This mask tightens pores and whitens the skin. It will help to cleanse the skin well and give it a fresh look.
Beat the white of 1 egg with the addition of ½ teaspoon of lemon juice. Leave on for 10-15 minutes, then rinse with warm water.

1. Yeast mask for oily skin

Dilute 1 tsp. crushed yeast in warm water with the addition of 1 tsp. lemon juice. Then add 1 egg white to the resulting mixture. Mix everything thoroughly. Hold for 15 minutes, wash off the loan.

1. Honey mask for oily skin

This mask refreshes and softens the skin, and evens out the complexion. To 2 tsp. honey add 1 tbsp. yogurt or sour cream and a few drops of lemon juice. Mix. Apply a thick layer on the face for 15 minutes. Wash off with cool water.

Dry skin, as a rule, suffers from a lack of moisture, this is a consequence of damage to the stratum corneum of the epidermis, which in itself is a consequence of temperature changes and other aggressive influences, such as the sun, wind, abuse of decorative cosmetics, etc. To prevent drying, you must not forget to moisturize and nourish the skin in a timely manner, dry skin, as well as stimulate metabolic processes.

Profession cosmetologist

The competence of the cosmetologist includes determining the type of patient's skin and prescribing the necessary individual procedure. Also, a cosmetologist is familiar with all diseases of the skin, so he is also involved in their treatment. The specialist will always determine the disease that worries you and select the necessary treatment. At present, the cosmetologist, in addition to performing the usual procedures to maintain the skin in the required condition, owns almost all the methods of therapeutic cosmetology of the “face” and “body” areas. These are massage, hardware cosmetology, procedures for the introduction of gels and restylane, injection of acupuncture points and areas in need of it with homeopathic remedies. Also, a cosmetologist, if desired, can perform electrophoresis, ozone therapy and oxygen therapy for all areas of the body, lymphatic drainage.

Hygiene of clothes and shoes

The hygienic qualities of clothing depend on the physical properties of fabric fibers. Clothing serves a person to protect his body from adverse environmental factors - too low or too high temperature, wind, rain, snow, excessive solar radiation and other meteorological damage to the skin. Clothing also protects the surface of the skin from dust, dirt and microorganisms. The main purpose of clothing is to create an optimal artificial microclimate around the human body.

• Underwear must also comply with the rules of clothing hygiene - be a kind of "blotter" - absorb sweat, mineral salts, fat and free the skin from exfoliated cells. All this contributes to free skin breathing. Fabrics with the addition of synthetic fibers cleanse the skin worse than fabrics made from natural fibers.
• Hygienic summer clothes should be made of cotton, viscose or linen, have a loose cut, be comfortable, light, do not interfere with blood circulation and do not restrict movement. In the cold season, clothes of adjacent silhouettes made of woolen fabrics are more suitable.
• It is more practical to clean clothes in the morning, in daylight (contaminated places are better visible). And in the evening, you should put your shoes in order, first wiping with a damp cloth, and then rub with ointment and put to dry. In the morning, it remains only to polish the shoes with a dry brush and velvet to a shine.
• The warmer the weather, the lighter the clothes should be and the more often and diligently you should wash. In winter, clothing hygiene should be given special attention. You should dress so as not to freeze, and put on shoes so as not to wet your feet. In the cold, it is important to wear sufficiently warm underwear, preferably knitted. And you should not wear several pairs of warm socks - in a firmly clenched foot, blood circulation almost stops and the leg begins to freeze, in danger of frostbite. The rule to change underwear at least twice a week also applies to the winter period.
• Proper clothing hygiene includes loose and comfortable shoes that are appropriate for the size and shape of the foot, the weather, the climate and the type of activity one is doing. Uncomfortable shoes can cause blisters and cracks. Good mood and well-being largely depend on shoes. Do not forget that shoes need care - drying, cleaning, smearing with cream.
• Good habits are easier to develop in childhood, so children should be taught to regularly follow the rules of clothing hygiene so that it turns into a good habit for them to help maintain their health.

Hygienic requirements for clothing

• warm in the cold, do not interfere with heat transfer, beautiful and comfortable, light and practical, pleasant to a person and others

First aid for frostbite.

The main causes of frostbite
are:

• tight and damp clothes and shoes,
• physical exhaustion,
• prolonged uncomfortable and immobile position of the body in the cold,
• weakening of the body as a result of past diseases,
• strong wind,
• high humidity,
• received injuries,
• alcohol or drug intoxication, etc.

First aid for frostbite
Ears, cheeks and nose can be warmed with warm palms or heated pieces of cloth, in no case rub! First aid for frostbite of the face is slow warming, the application of a dry bandage, and after the restoration of blood circulation, abundant lubrication with animal fat.

• First aid for frostbite of hands and feet
• It is necessary to go into a warm room, wrap your arms and legs well with a warm soft cloth. In no case should you rub them with snow! or a rough cloth - this, of course, will help to warm up, but can lead to damage to the skin. First aid for frostbite of the limbs of the arms and legs: rub them lightly with alcohol or vodka, then dip them in warm water, then wrap them with a dry soft cloth and give the victim a warm drink (not alcohol!).

First aid for burns.What do we have to do

Remove the damaging factor! Cool the burn site 1 and 2 degree - cool with running water 10 - 15 minutes 3 and 4 - clean wet bandage, then cool with a bandage in still water close rest and anti-shock measures with a bandage

What Not to Do

• Remove all things from the burned area of ​​the body: clothes, belt, watches, rings and other things. Cut off the stuck clothes around, can not be torn off from the burnLubricate with any oil, cream, ointment, protein, etc., apply foam (panthenol) to the freshly burned. Tear off sticky clothes. Puncture bubbles.

Electrothermal burn

• The most important thing with this type of burn is to remove the victim from the zone of current exposure: de-energize the source of damage or try to pull the person away with the help of any object that does not conduct electric current. Further, it is necessary to follow the same first aid rules as for thermal burns.

Sunburn

• Take a cold or cool shower.
• It is necessary to drink plenty of fluids (tea, milk, juice) to restore the balance of water in the body.
• Lubricate the skin with boron petroleum jelly or make a compress from a solution of calendula (in cold water in a ratio of 1:10).
• if the temperature rises, you need to drink any antipyretic. chemical burn
• Remove chemical-soaked clothing.
• Rinse the burnt areas of the body with plenty of water
• you need to know that first aid for chemical burns includes neutralizing the action of chemical. substances.
• you need to know that first aid for chemical burns includes neutralizing the action of chemical. substances. (If you get an acid burn, wash the affected area with soapy water or a 2% solution of baking soda (that's 1 teaspoon of baking soda in 2.5 cups of water) to neutralize the acid. If you get an alkaline burn, wash the damaged area of ​​the skin with a solution citric acid or vinegar.
• apply a dry gauze bandage and consult a doctor.

Sections: Technology

The purpose of the lesson: to summarize the knowledge of students about the components of hair health.

• introduce students to the structure of hair; hair types and hair care methods;
• to cultivate a culture of hygiene, respect for one's own health;
• develop cognitive activity, the ability to apply knowledge in practice, independence.

Lesson type: combined.

Interdisciplinary connections: biology, ecology, art.

Visual aids: paintings by famous artists, presentation “Hair structure”.

Equipment: computer, multimedia projector.

Teaching method: story, explanation, demonstration, practical work.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

II. Update

III. Main part.

1. Structure and functions of hair.

Healthy hair is part of a healthy body.

For centuries, artists of all genres have admired the beauty of women's hair! ( Application No. 1 ), (Application №3 )

The quality of hair, density and their condition depend on many factors, including the factor of heredity; hair care; general health.

Advertising from all sides tells us about the unusually effective qualities of a particular shampoo. Of course, modern hair care products can work wonders, but still they are not omnipotent. After all, strong, shiny hair is, first of all, healthy hair belonging to a healthy person. Cosmetics rarely can completely solve hair problems. And do not forget that hair often deteriorates due to inept attempts to improve their appearance.

Blonding, repeated coloring with strong dyes, constant perm - all this can cause significant damage to your hair, especially if they are not properly cared for. In this case, good shampoos, lotions and conditioners are simply irreplaceable. Moreover, it is most useful to carry out comprehensive care for your health and beauty.

In order to consciously choose the means and methods for the care of hair and scalp, it is necessary to know the structure of the hair. The structure of the hair is quite interesting; looking at it one never ceases to be amazed at the foresight of nature.

The hair consists of two parts: the shaft, which is located above the skin, and the root, ending with a bulb and located deep in the skin.

The structure of the hair itself can be figuratively compared with the structure of a tree trunk.

1. Outer, scaly, bark-like layer.

2. Medium, thick, - for wood.

3. Central - to the core.

The number of hairs on the head is from 80 to 150 thousand. They are unevenly distributed; more on the crown, less - at the forehead and temples. A person loses up to 100 hairs a day.

At the same time, the same number grows again. Therefore, the amount of hair on the head is relatively constant.

Fresh, lush, shiny, lively hair is the best decoration.

Tell me, are there people today with absolutely healthy hair? Beautiful, healthy hair, such that you can star in an advertisement for shampoos, has today no more than 10-20% of the population. Everyone else, including children, has problems of one kind or another. Someone's hair is thin, dry, brittle, someone has dandruff, oily seborrhea, diffuse hair loss and more severe disorders.

Was this situation always?

Over the past 5-7 years, we have seen a significant increase in these diseases, both among adults and among children and adolescents. For example, the number of children with baldness has increased sevenfold over the past five years.

What is it connected with?

First of all, with constant psycho-emotional overload, with prolonged stress, which is very difficult for a person to cope with in the current conditions. The financial situation of people is deteriorating, respectively, for many, a full and varied diet is not available. And the ecological situation in many regions is unfavorable. That is, the general level of health of the population is declining. And the condition of the hair is always an indicator of the general condition of the body.

For competent and effective hair care, it is important to correctly determine your hair type, otherwise there is a risk of worsening their condition.

By hair types, it is customary to mean dry, normal, oily and mixed hair; soft and hard; thick and thin; as well as healthy or depleted hair.

The fat content of the hair depends on the activity of the sebaceous glands, which, in turn, is purely individual and is laid genetically. To a certain, small extent, the amount of sebum produced depends on the type of diet and the amount of carbohydrates (primarily) and fats consumed with food.

Oily hair has a characteristic dull sheen, after a short time after washing it sticks together and begins to look dirty, untidy. Oily hair is often associated with oily dandruff.

Normal hair reflects light well, shimmers in the sun. If these qualities persist for several days after shampooing, then your hair is of a normal type. This type of hair is also characterized by elasticity; they almost do not split and are easy to comb, regardless of whether they are dry or wet.

Dry hair does not reflect light well, as a result of which it looks dull, lacking gloss. They are easily torn, confused, difficult to comb, split at the ends. Quite often they are accompanied by dry fine dandruff. Often, dry hair is the result of improper care, and not a consequence of reduced activity of the sebaceous glands.

Mixed type hair, as a rule, is long hair, oily at the roots and dry at the ends due to the fact that they are not sufficiently lubricated with fat along the entire length. The ends of this type of hair, not receiving the necessary lubrication, often split.

When using hair care products, one should not forget that they need to be washed and combed properly.

How to wash your hair?

• Prepare a shampoo specifically for your hair type.
• Prepare your hair for washing by gently detangling and combing it well
• Wash your hair with warm water, hot is harmful - it dries the hair and scalp excessively.
• Apply the shampoo, after squeezing it into the palm of your hand. Spread it evenly over your hair and scalp. Use exactly the amount of shampoo you need for a certain length of hair.
• Rinse your hair thoroughly.
• Reapply shampoo if necessary and repeat the process. Then rinse off any remaining foam from the hair and scalp.

How to comb your hair correctly Hair needs constant care. Regular brushing, twice a day is best, goes a long way. Irritation of the nerve endings in the skin during combing revitalizes blood circulation, which contributes to the growth and preservation of hair. The teeth of the comb should be blunt so that they do not scratch the skin. Combing long hair should start from the ends, short - from the root. For combing short hair, you only need to use a comb. More sparing hair combing them with a brush. Hair longer than 25-35 cm is best combed first with a brush, then with a comb. Combing hair with a brush painlessly tidies up tangled long hair. If the hair is very long, grasp the hair tightly near the head, strand by strand, and brush through it to the ends. After such preparation, the hair is easily combed and combed. It is necessary to ensure that when combing there is no pulling of the hair. Combs and brushes should be clean and washed regularly. Each person should have an individual comb and brush. Passing it on to others is unacceptable because germs can be transmitted with it.

IV. Practical work.

Hair care

1. Determine the type of hair using the table. ( Application №2 )
2. In the workbook, make a description of hair care according to the plan, (application)

V. Summing up.

VI. Homework