The life of a Russian family as depicted by S. Aksakov. Open lesson in literature on the topic "The unforgettable world of childhood in the story of S. T. Aksakov" The childhood of Bagrov-grandson "(grade 8) What events shaped the character of Seryozha

The epic of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov. "Family Chronicle, Childhood of Bagrov-grandson" in last years attracts more and more close attention of researchers and educators.

Sergei Timofeevich was not a professional teacher, he was far from pedagogy, but in his works he revealed the essence and nature of the primordially Russian family education, the subtle psychology of the child's soul. “I want to write a book for children that has never happened in literature. Such a book would preserve the memory of me for a long time in all literate Russia ... The secret is that the book should be written, imitating for childhood, but as if for adults, and so that not only there would be no moralizing (children do not like all this) , but even a hint of a moral impression, and so that it was executed artistically to the highest degree ”- wrote S.T. Aksakov

According to the information given by Ufa researchers E.Sh. Fayzullina and E.S. Mironova, book by S.T. Aksakov's "The childhood years of Bagrov the grandson" in the 80s of the XX century was in the lead in England in the list of bestsellers, compiled according to the results of a public opinion poll. At the same time, the researchers indicate that this survey is carried out monthly, and the list includes literary works of all times and peoples, and not just modern authors as is customary in most countries. The prim Englishmen called "Bagrov the Grandson's Childhood" the number one book for family education.

The origins of the longevity of the books of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov, their relevance not only for modern Russian, but also for world pedagogy, lie in a deep Christian understanding of the essence of the nature of the family, manifested in the most figurative structure of the author's narration, in the spiritualized coverage of the events of the life of three generations of one noble family.

In Aksakov's book, we find many expressive examples that can serve as an illustration of the Orthodox teaching on family and marriage.
"The law of marriage" - writes St. Philaret of Moscow, consists in the following words: Therefore, a man will leave his father and his mother and cleave to his wife; and there will be [two] one flesh (Gen. 2:24). This very law, as the fundamental institution of marriage, is pointed out by the Savior Himself ”(Matthew 19: 5).

According to St. Tikhon of Zadonsk, the sacrament of Marriage is a blessing of God to those who enter the path of family life. This is the mysterious union of husband and wife in the image of Christ's union with the Church. The purpose of marriage as a Sacrament is to consolidate the love union of the spouses, to make it spiritual, sacred. In it, the grace of the Holy Spirit is given to those who are married, sanctifying and helping them in the work of giving birth and raising children. A marriage, properly done, remains in effect until the end of the life of the spouses.

Sergey Timofeevich Aksakov devotes many heartfelt pages to the history of matchmaking and marriage of his parents. The main place in this narration is occupied by the story of their receiving blessings from their parents. Neither the groom nor the bride admits even the slightest doubt about the necessity of this blessing, although receiving it was associated with considerable difficulties. According to "Family Chronicle", the bride and groom, very different in education and upbringing, first overcome complications with numerous relatives, and after becoming husband and wife, they "adjust" to each other in order to maintain mutual understanding, love and like-mindedness for the rest of their lives.

“Just as the body can never be in disagreement with itself, the soul is even with itself, so a husband and wife should not disagree, but live in unity,” St. John Chrysostom points out. - From here, countless benefits can occur for spouses. All blessings flock where there is such unanimity - there is peace, there is love, there is spiritual joy; there is no quarrel, no abuse, no enmity, no quarrelsomeness; all this disappears, because the root of all blessings, that is, like-mindedness, destroys all of this. "

Saint Gregory the Theologian also writes about this:
“The common concerns of the spouses make their grief easier; and the common joys for both are more delightful. For unanimous spouses, wealth is made more pleasant; and in poverty the most unanimity is more pleasant than wealth. For them, marital ties are the key to chastity and wishes, the seal of the necessary affection. Composing one flesh, they have one soul and by mutual love equally excite in each other the zeal for piety. "

In "Family Chronicle" Aksakov relies on the stories of his father, mother, relatives, whom he "heard a lot" ... And here the apparent simplicity turns into a special complexity, depth, for the modern reader is not always easily comprehensible.
According to the literary critic V.A. Kosheleva, “Aksakov, as it were, reveals to us, the present, that world of human relationships, which seems to have been lost for us. Will the current father and mother retell their son the story of their, in general, ordinary, marriage? Which of today's children will be interested in the grandfather's disposition from the bygone times - will they be so interested to carry it through their whole life? In order to tell everyone about this grandfather's disposition in his declining years, to find significant, generally interesting content in the ordinary history of their ancestors, and to decide to make this history, as it is, without embellishment and inventions, the property of literature. This requires not only a special artistic gift, but also great moral qualities ... "

These "great moral qualities", about which a modern researcher writes, are based on Orthodox foundations and, first of all, on the great commandment about the love of children for their parents.

Saint Theophan the Recluse writes: “So many children accept from their parents! From them temporary life; from them is the foundation, the beginning, the ways and eternal life. Hence, children, not only naturally, but also conscientiously should be turned to their parents with special feelings and dispositions, they should feel obliged to them and warm them up in themselves. The main feeling, which for the most part is not learned, is love with reverence and obedience. It is only necessary to make these feelings reasonable and together strong, so that they do not evaporate into a lifetime. The will of the parents is the will of God, their face is the face of God. "

The pious life of Aksakov's parents, their adherence to the statutes Orthodox Church with an annual circle of services and holidays, prayer example mothers become the foundation of little Seryozha's family moral education. “The constant presence of my mother merges with each of my memories; the image is inextricably linked with my existence,” we read from Aksakov ..

The great Russian writer Andrei Platonov emphasizes in his review of S.T. Aksakov's "Childhood years of Bagrov the grandson": "Aksakov's attitude to nature and the Russian people is only a continuation, development, spread of those feelings that arose in him when he clung to his mother in infancy, and those ideas when his father first took he took his son to fishing and hunting with rifles and showed him a large, bright world, where he would then have to exist for a long time. And the child accepts this world with trust and tenderness, because he was introduced into it by the hand of his father. "

Archbishop Luke (Voino-Yasenetsky) writes about the importance of the example of parents for raising children in the book "My Strength is Perfected in Weakness."

“Bring up your children by your example. The glorious Russian preacher, Archbishop Ambrose of Kharkov, spoke beautifully about this: “When no family member can be left without evening and morning prayer- when the father does not leave the house for his work without praying in front of the icons, and the mother does not begin anything without the sign of the cross, when even a small child is not allowed to touch food until he is crossed, - do not these children learn to ask for all the help of God, and call on all the blessing of God, and believe that without the help of God there is no security in life, and without His blessing there is no success in human affairs? The faith of their parents cannot remain sterile for children when, in need and poverty, they say with tears in their eyes: “What to do? Be the will of God. " In case of danger: "God is merciful." Under difficult circumstances: "God will help." With success and joy: "Glory to God, God sent." Here, always and in everything, God's goodness, God's providence, and God's justice are confessed. The mother, the object of all love and tenderness for the child, stands with a reverent expression on her face and prays before the icon of the Savior. The child looks first at her, then at the image - and does not need long explanations of what this means. Here is the first and silent lesson in the knowledge of God. This is the first and most important lesson of piety and the rules of life that are obligatory for a Christian. "

Seryozha Bagrov's mother closely follows the circle of his reading. The central place in this circle is occupied by Russian literature, which gave him, a provincial boy, the first knowledge about his country, its past, traditions, people. Among Seryozha's favorite books are "Ancient Vivlifika", "Rossiada" by Kheraskov, complete collection in twelve volumes of works by Sumarokov, "Children's Library" by Alexander Semenovich Shishkov. This example is of particular importance for us, today's teachers, who are faced every day with a lack of historical consciousness in modern schoolchildren, a lack of interest in the past of our Motherland.
Telling about his childhood, about the parental home, the head of the Aksakov family constantly combined two time plans. He built his own family taking into account parental experience, he literally recreates in his family that special attitude towards the first child that Maria Nikolaevna had (in the book “The childhood of Bagrova the grandson - Sofya Nikolaevna) to Seryozha. Subsequently, a similar relationship will develop between father and son. Having literally nursed his sickly firstborn Konstantin, Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov will predetermine their blood-spiritual inseparability throughout their lives.

The family of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov had 6 sons and 8 daughters.
The house of the Aksakovs, their family nest becomes the heart, the focus of spiritual communication of the best minds of Russia for several decades The Aksakovs were visited by M.P. Pogodin, a well-known historian, publisher of the Moscow Bulletin magazine, S.P. Shevyrev, professor of Russian literature, writer M.S. Zagoskin, playwright A.A. Shakhovskoy, collector of folk songs P.V. Kireevsky, here you could meet N.V. Gogol, I.S. Turgenev, L.N. Tolstoy, F.I. Tyutchev, A.K. Tolstoy, N.M. Yazykov, A.S. Khomyakov, actor M.S. Shchepkin, composer A.N. Verstovsky and many others.

The sons of Sergei Timofeevich Konstantin and Ivan, as well as his daughter Vera, stand at the origins of the powerful movement of Russian thought - Slavophilism. And in the center of their attention were always questions of the connection between the Russian family and the Church, the Russian nationality and Orthodoxy.

In the article “Heroes of the times of Grand Duke Vladimir from Russian songs” Konstantin Sergeevich Aksakov writes: “Thus, the first and most important thing that emerges from this world of Vladimir's songs is the Christian faith; she is constantly and everywhere the basis of life ... All heroes are Orthodox, and the heroic greeting is constantly repeated when an Orthodox knight comes to a non-Orthodox sovereign:
Thee has no image of Spasov,
There is no one to pray to thee, -
And there is nothing to bow down to you.
Together and in accordance with the beginning of the Christian faith, the beginning of the family is given, the foundation of all that is good on earth. Bogatyrs are respectful to their father and mother ... So, heroic strength appears in our country, overshadowed by a sense of Orthodoxy and a sense of family: without which there can be no true strength. "

Ivan Sergeevich Aksakov in his article "On the attitude of Orthodoxy to the Russian nationality and Western confessions to Orthodoxy" notes: "The Russian nationality is unthinkable outside of Orthodoxy; that Orthodoxy is that spiritual historical element under the influence of which the Russian nationality was formed and formed, that all attempts to isolate the idea of ​​Orthodoxy from the idea of ​​the Russian nationality are futile, to pump out, so to speak, the very air from it with different pumps, and to create some new kind of this deadened material political Russian nationality ... "And further:" Orthodox faith there is the social and everyday principle of the Russian people and its historical being permeates with itself; ... a clear understanding of Russia and its apparently purely external, even political circumstances is impossible without understanding its spiritual and historical element. "

And here are the words of Vera Sergeevna Aksakova: "The meaning and future of all mankind and each tribe in particular depended, it seems, on its end, and the crown of everything should have been the triumph of the faith of Christ, and precisely Orthodoxy."

Remarkable is this overlap between the statements of the Aksakovs, whose activities in the field of Russian thought and literature are in themselves convincing and clear evidence of the spiritual strength and vitality of family Orthodox traditions.

Saint Tikhon of Zadonsk writes: “From good upbringing, good fruits follow: 1) the fruit of a pious life in older children; 2) parents joy and joy in the kindness of their children; 3) undoubted hope of eternal belly; 4) where there is a good hope and it is foreseen to be in the family as well, for children, as they themselves are well instructed, will not fail to instruct their children; 5) honor and praise of the surname; 6) support to the fatherland ”.

These words of the saint can be fully attributed to the results of the entire life and work of an outstanding Russian writer and public figure, a wonderful father, son and grandson - Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov.

The story "The childhood years of Bagrov the grandson", created by the pen of Aksakov, is a work that had a great influence on the formation in the 19th century (in the 50s) of a new genre of Russian literature - an autobiographical story about childhood. Let's briefly describe the history of the creation of this story.

The history of the creation of the work

In 1854, on August 26, Sergei Timofeevich tells his favorite granddaughter that the next birthday he will send her a book, which will tell her "about young spring", "about beautiful butterflies", "forest Bear", and that this book the little girl Olya will read the whole day.

Two years later, congratulating his granddaughter on her birthday, the writer reports that the promised work has turned out not at all as planned, and God forbid, if it will come out in another year. Aksakov's idea expanded significantly, and as a result, a text was obtained that tells about the years of his childhood, human destinies of the past.

You ask, what is the name of the hero of the story "The childhood of Bagrov the grandson?" Our article is devoted to the answer to this question. From it you will learn not only about the name of the main character, but also about his character, personality transformation. Let's talk about everything in order.

Seryozha's story

The name of the hero of the story "The Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson" is Seryozha. The story of this child is a world that was seen through his eyes and filled with the boy's experiences. S. T. Aksakov managed in an amazing way to convey the peculiarities of the worldview of his young hero through the prism of an adult who knows life, since in the work Bagrov the grandson is both the storyteller and the main character. He not only recalls his childhood, but at the same time tries to reproduce the feelings of the boy Seryozha and the adult, correlating them in time. The author of the story seems to look back, conveying childhood impressions, but at the same time evaluates a lot from the height of life experience, lived years.

For the first time in Russian literature, Aksakov presented a traveling and reasoning child as the main character, and devoted considerable attention to the experiences that accompanied Seryozha Bagrov on the road. The protagonist recalls his childhood in Ufa, as well as in several villages that made up the "ancestral homeland" of the Bagrov family.

"The road to Parashin": characteristics of the boy

In "The Road to Parashin" the author gives the following features to the name of the hero of the story "The Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson". "Who is he, this Seryozha?" - you ask. We answer. This is a little boy who is inquisitive, curious, the whole road is interesting to him in advance. He experiences bewilderment, surprise, even shock from what he saw, since everything happens to the child for the first time. The boy feels joy and pleasure, and it is this state that becomes the determining one, the main one on the way. In the first journey, thus, a hero appears before us, open to the perception of everything new, everything admires him, surprises him. Apart from exciting impressions, he has no other thoughts here. The road is so good that the hero of the story "The childhood of Bagrov the grandson" looks to the future only with hope.

"Winter road to Bagrovo": characteristics of the protagonist

The author portrays the boy in a different way in a chapter entitled to Bagrovo. "Autumn and winter pass between these two journeys. The past time has been filled with various events, both sad and joyful. His goal is to visit his grandfather, who is dying, and this fact is very saddens the protagonist. In addition, he still has sad memories of the days spent in Bagrovo with his sister without parents. fear, which become the basis for the emergence of belief in premonitions.This traveler is tired of the road, irritable, angry, putting his irritation into the characteristics of surrounding objects and phenomena.

Serezha on the first trip wanted to travel, and on the second he felt the end of the journey with relief and joy, felt at the same time exhausted and broken.

General characteristics of the inner world of Seryozha

Aksakov spoke with complete truthfulness about what he experienced in childhood, from the first sensations to a whole gamut of different human feelings. Even the name of the hero of the story "The childhood years of Bagrov the grandson" the author took his own, thereby emphasizing the autobiographical nature of the work. Although, there is certainly fiction in the text. Thus, the name of the hero of the story "The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson" should be considered only half autobiographical, since the author of the work changed his surname.

The writer shows great interest in the inner world of the child. He monitors with close attention the development of mental movements in the boy, including the most insignificant ones. Mental maturity, surpassing age, has developed the protagonist's habit of analyzing his thoughts and feelings. He lives not only on impressions. They are the subject of the boy's analysis, who searches for appropriate concepts and interpretations and fixes these impressions in his memory. When little Seryozha fails, Bagrov remembers, matured, comes to the rescue. Thus, two different voices are heard throughout the piece.

Boy personality development

The knowledge about the external world is deepening and expanding. This leads to the fact that the boy is increasingly visited by the desire for his practical development. The need for labor awakens in him. Seryozha begins to admire the delights of working in the field, but he also notices how terribly difficult the everyday life of serfs can sometimes be. The matured hero not only sympathizes, but is affirmed in the opinion about the sanctity and importance of labor, in the fact that the peasants are much more dexterous and skillful than the wealthy strata of the population, since they can do what others cannot.

Seryozha, experiencing the existing disharmony of the external world, comes to an understanding of his own imperfection. A critical attitude towards himself awakens in the boy. In his soul, "clear silence" is replaced by searches for a way out, doubts.

The narrative in the work ends on the eve of Seryozha's admission to the gymnasium. Childhood is over. The image of a mature, maturing person with his own spiritual, emotional and eventful world, qualitatively and constantly changing, is the main pathos of this work.

Now you know the name of the hero of the story "The childhood of Bagrov the grandson" and specific traits his personality. This work is very interesting. We advise you to read it in the original and get to know this boy better.

"The Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson" is an autobiographical work by Sergei Aksakov. In this book, the writer tells about his childhood spent in the South Urals. The first books read by the future writer, the first joys and sorrows - all this is described in the work "The childhood of Bagrov the grandson". A summary of the novel is presented in the article.

about the author

There is very little fiction in the book "Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson". The summary of the early period of the writer's biography almost completely corresponds to the condensed presentation of this work of fiction. True, the novel, of course, reflects not only events, but also the emotions and feelings of the future prose writer.

The book "The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson" is often called a story. The genre of this work is an educational novel. However, calling Aksakov's Childhood a story is not such a gross mistake.

This work occupied an important place in the history of Russian literature. It doesn't matter if it's a novel or a story. "The childhood of Bagrov the grandson" received an enthusiastic reception from both readers and critics. The latter emphasized the novelty of the form, as well as the contribution that Aksakov made to the development of Russian genre prose. This writer, along with Nikolai Gogol and Ivan Turgenev, according to Leo Tolstoy, once again proved that Russian artistic thought is capable of finding new forms and does not always fit into the traditional genre framework.

Author of the educational novel "Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson" summary which is set out below, was born in 1791. His hometown was Ufa. The father of the future writer served as the prosecutor of the zemstvo court. Mother was an intelligent, domineering woman. The daughter of the governor-general of the Ufa governorship spent her childhood and adolescence among officials and received a good education at that time.

The childhood of Sergei Aksakov was spent in the family estate located in the Orenburg province. The title of the work, which is discussed in today's article, did not appear by chance. The grandfather of the future writer had a huge impact on the formation of his grandson's worldview.

Writing history

Aksakov began working on an autobiographical trilogy in the forties. Family Chronicles were published in part at first. The first excerpt appeared in 1846 on the pages of the literary magazine "Moskvityanin", and then the following parts of the autobiographical work were regularly published. The final part was "Memories". The second and most famous is "The childhood years of Bagrov the grandson".

The summary of the fairy tale "The Scarlet Flower" is known to everyone from an early age. But does everyone know that the Russian history of the beauty and the beast first appeared precisely as part of a novel that tells about the writer's childhood? The tale was told by one of the heroines - the housekeeper Pelageya. Subsequently, "The Scarlet Flower" was repeatedly published separately, and then became the most published work of Sergei Aksakov.

Early memories

What is described in the novel "Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson"? There is no plot in this work as such. This is a collection of memoirs, in the first chapters of the book, rather early, relating almost to the childhood of the hero.

A person's memory often pops up pictures that he, it would seem, cannot remember. This also happens with the character of Aksakov. He assures his family, for example, that he remembers well the moment of parting with the nurse. Parents do not believe him, believing that he had once heard all this from his mother or from the same wet nurse, and then took it for his own memories. Yet in the book "Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson" Aksakov warns in the preface that everything told is not fiction, but facts that should not be doubted.

Disease

The hero's early memories are associated with a serious illness. Seryozha was often ill in childhood, and once his parents almost lost him. Throughout the long illness of the mother, Sofya Nikolaevna, relatives have repeatedly said that they should come to terms with the imminent death of the child. But the woman took such statements with hostility. She still did everything to save her son from the disease, and her actions seemed to those around her often meaningless.

Serezha's parents decided that long travels would contribute to his recovery. But one day, during one of the trips, the boy felt so bad that he had to stop. They put him on the tall grass, where he lay for several hours. And after this trip, the boy recovered. As already mentioned, the novel "Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson" is an autobiographical work. Aksakov, like his hero, was very sick in childhood and survived, possibly thanks to the love and care of his mother.

First book read

The hero learned to read so early that he did not remember when the book was in his hands for the first time. After an illness, he became a rather susceptible, nervous boy. The only activity that brought peace to his soul was reading. The first book is the one that his neighbor Anichkov gave him. It was called "Children's reading for the heart and mind." It was his only book, and he soon learned it by heart.

Seryozha had to endure the first parting with his parents at the age of four. Mother decided that she fell ill with consumption, and therefore, together with her father, went to Orenburg to a famous doctor. They took the children to Bagrovo. Seryozha and his sister had to spend several months away from their home.

Bagrovo

Grandfather, as already mentioned, had a huge influence on the future writer. However, he left far from pleasant memories in the memory of the central character of the novel "The Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson." The main characters in the work are shown through the eyes of a little boy. He is madly in love with his mother, respects his father, but he is frightened by his relatives, with whom he is forced to stay in the same house for several months.

Grandfather turned out to be a rather controversial person. Sometimes he talked for a long time with Seryozha and his sister, but sometimes he was gloomy and silent. In addition, the boy once witnessed an unpleasant scene: the old man violently stamped his feet and swore loudly. What caused this anger, the boy did not know, but treated his grandfather with distrust.

Among adults, relationships were far from easy. The boy's mother was disliked in the family of his father's parents. They considered her arrogant, arrogant, and Seryozha himself was considered "mama's boy." Once his cousins ​​came to Bagrovo, and the boy finally realized that he and his sister in this house were not at all favorable. These girls were "friends" here, they were surrounded by love, affection, they even made tea sweeter for them.

Again in Ufa

Unlike his father's relatives, the mother's brothers made a positive impression on Seryozha. He met them on his return home. Sergey and Alexander carried military service in the dragoon regiment. For several months they came on vacation, at first sight the boy fell in love with both of them. They were beautiful, young, affectionate and cheerful, and most importantly, they told a lot of interesting things to their nephew. It was from them that Seryozha learned about what poetry is.

The boy was happy to once again plunge into his familiar environment. In the grandfather's house, the children in the last weeks of their stay began to be treated more affectionately. But still, they, and above all Seryozha, were happy to return to the Ufa house.

Seryozha's family lived relatively poorly. Nevertheless, it was in his parents' house that unforgettable holidays were held. Mother made macaroons with her own hands, and watching this process was one of the boy's favorite activities. He was impatiently awaiting the appearance of this delicacy on the festive table, primarily because he was pleased to hear the praises that were uttered to Sofya Nikolaevna.

First teacher

The mother's brothers, however, were also directly related to one of the unpleasant events in the childhood of the protagonist. Having learned that the boy could not write, they began to brutally tease him, as a result he attacked them with fists. Seryozha was punished and spent several hours in the corner. And then he got so worried that he got sick again.

This whole story, of course, ended in general reconciliation. And after Serezha recovered, his parents hired a teacher, who began to give him writing lessons. But here, too, there were some unpleasant discoveries. Once the boy went to the school where the teacher worked. At home, the teacher was rather affectionate with Seryozha. In the educational institution, this man treated his wards very cruelly.

Sergeevskaya wasteland

So the boy's father called the acquired land. Seryozha, of course, was very proud of this, and soon learned that they would spend the coming summer in new village... From his father he inherited a love for nature. He was not upset by the unfinished, uninhabited house in Sergeevka, but he was very pleased with his participation in a gun hunt, the view of the picturesque lake Kiishki and other details of rural life.

After the village life, Serezhin's love for the Ufa house passed. From now on, he was pleased only by the opportunity to indulge in reading for hours. Upon his return from the village, the boy heard about an event that had happened, which later acquired considerable significance in the history of Russia - about the death of Catherine II and the ascent to the throne of Paul.

Back in Bagrov

One day the news came about my grandfather's illness. The family hit the road again. Seryozha managed to say goodbye to his grandfather, but he was no longer able to talk. The old man did not cry or scream - he was paralyzed. The boy was unpleasantly surprised by the behavior of his relatives. The aunts fell at the feet of Father Seryozha - like a new owner. At the table, everyone was sobbing loudly, as if for show, but at the same time they ate with great appetite.

The last years of childhood

After Seryozha's father became the owner of Bagrov, he resigned. The whole family moved to the village, which Seryozha once did not like so much. The main character is distinguished by his extraordinary observation, the ability to compassion - all that, perhaps, later helped Aksakov to become one of the greatest Russian writers.

His hero Seryozha is a typical representative of a landowner family. In the first days of his life in Bagrovo, he feels compassion for his grandmother, who recently lost her husband. But soon he sees how she is cruel to the servants. Assault was a part of the landlord's life, then nobody could be surprised by this. Sergei was remarkable for his amazing clarity and ability to form his own opinion, independent of anyone. The cruelty towards the servants, which the grandmother so often showed, turned the boy away from her.

In Bagrovo, Seryozha appreciated the beauty of the winter landscape for the first time. It was here that he learned about what real spring is. In the village, which his father inherited from his grandfather, he heard a tale about a merchant's daughter, who once paid for her dreams of a scarlet flower with freedom. The last childhood years of Bagrov the grandson passed in the family estate. And then a new period of his life began - admission to the gymnasium, fresh impressions, new acquaintances, in a word, adolescence ...

OUTLINE OF THE OPEN LESSON OF LITERATUREin the 7th grade

Topic: "The Unforgettable World of Childhood

in the story of S.T.Aksakov "Childhood of Bagrov-grandson"

Goals: 1) arouse a persistent reader's interest in Aksakov's work, establish a spiritual connection between the writer and the Bashkir land;

2) to convince students that childhood is a happy, but at the same time a responsible age of human thought;

3) help to realize the moral duty to parents; instilling love for nature, for reading books.

Lesson design : exhibition of books by S.T. Aksakov and well-known authors about childhood, an exhibition of children's drawings and illustrations for works about childhood, a thematic newspaper and musical recording "Nostalgia" by F. Guy, filmstrip "The Scarlet Flower".

Chalkboard entries :

“Happy, happy irreversible time of childhood! How not to love and cherish the memories of her? These memories refresh, elevate my soul and serve as a source of the best pleasures for me "(Leo Tolstoy.)

"The character of a person is formed precisely in the first years of life" (Ushinsky.) Dictionary of literary terms:

Fairy tale, essay, story, autobiographical novel, epigraph, art, criticism, hero-reader, trilogy-tetralogy.

During the classes.

On the lighted screen - a scarlet flower (living rose). (Slide № 1) A fragment of the fairy tale by S.T. Aksakov (page 28 of the fairy tale "The Scarlet Flower"): "An honest merchant walks, marvels ... And, having said these words, he came up and picked a scarlet flower."

Teacher's word. Of course, you all learned a fragment of your favorite fairy tale that came to us from childhood, "The Scarlet Flower". This book takes us back to the unforgettable world of “all beginnings”, because each person remembers the beginning of his life with tenderness and respect, and the memory of childhood lives in each person.

Krylov and Pushkin, Lermontov and Tolstoy, Turgenev and Chekhov - many writers turned to the theme of childhood in their works. And today we are getting acquainted with the work of a wonderful person ST Aksakov and with his story "Childhood years Bagrov - grandson." “The unforgettable world of childhood in the story of STAksakov“ The childhood of Bagrov-grandson ”is the topic of our today's literature lesson.

Our great compatriot Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov (Slide No. 2) was born in 1791 in Ufa into an old noble family. His father Timofey Stepanovich was an employee in Ufa supreme court... The mother was also from the family of a high-ranking official from the village of Zubovo near Ufa. Marya Nikolaevna was distinguished by intelligence and education, she strove for culture and knowledge. She taught her son to read and write early, instilled in him a love of reading. Aksakov spent his childhood in Ufa and in the Novo-Aksakovo family estate of the Buguruslan district of the Orenburg province. Aksakov studied in Kazan, first at the gymnasium, then at the university. He served in St. Petersburg in the Commission for the Drafting of Laws. Then he moved to Moscow and, along with poetry, took up theatrical translations. In the last years of his life he was engaged only in literary creation.

Sergei Aksakov died in 1859. Buried in Moscow.

The writer was very fond of our land, in many of his poems he sang the nature of Bashkortostan. Sergei Aksakov's grandfather Stepan Aksakov had estates in the modern Karmaskalinsky region (the village of Stary Kiishki, nicknamed Sergeevka by him), Belebeevsky (Nadezhdino), Ufa districts (Zubovo), near Orenburg (Novo - Aksakovo).

The main place in the literary works of Aksakov is occupied by his autobiographical prose.

What autobiographical works do you already know? (Leo Tolstoy "Childhood. Adolescence. Youth", M. Gorky. "Childhood. In people. My universities").

What is an autobiographical tale? (A work of fiction based on personal impressions, thoughts, feelings).

What is a biography? (The story of the writer about his own life, based on real facts of the biography).

How is an autobiography different from an autobiographical story? (The autobiography is based on the real facts of the life of the writer; in the autobiographical story, fictional fiction plays a special role, although personal feelings and impressions of the writer are also important.)

But STAksakov believed: “I am not able to replace reality with fiction. I have tried writing fictional incidents and fictional people several times. It turned out to be perfect rubbish, and I myself felt funny ... I can’t invent anything: I don’t have a soul for something invented, I can’t take a live part in it. ”

S. T. Aksakov also wrote a trilogy: "Family Chronicle", "Childhood ...", "Memories." (Slide number 3) In the book "Family Chronicle" he shows his grandfather, father and mother under the name Bagrov. And in the book "Children ..." he describes his, sometimes fragmentary, memories of his loved ones, about Ufa, the village of Zubovo, places dear and familiar to us. Aksakov talked about the idea of ​​the work in the following way: "This should be an artistic reproduction of my childhood years, from the third to the ninth year of my life." The book really describes the first 10 years of a child's life, spent in Ufa and the villages of the Orenburg province. He gave the hero his name - Seryozha, and another surname - Bagrov. In the story, Aksakov described the story of his childhood, and dedicated it to his granddaughter Olya, who was then 10 years old. So, today we are talking about the childhood of Seryozha Bagrov and, it turns out, of Aksakov himself.

- Did you like the story? What places did you like especially? And now we will find out if you have carefully read the work. Pictures on the screen. You have to say which episode is captured on them. (Slide number 4).

Childhood is always something special. Let's all together recall Tolstoy's words about childhood. ("A happy, happy, irreversible time of childhood! How not to love and cherish the memories of her? These memories refresh, elevate my soul and serve as a source of the best pleasures for me"). Why do we call childhood the happiest moment in a person's life? ( Firstly, this is the happiest and most carefree time. Secondly, you are surrounded by sincere love and care of the closest and dearest people.)

And then one day "beneficent fate", as he later writes, sent him a happy chance. What case? (Retelling of the excerpt "Beneficial destiny ..." (pp. 18-19) from the chapter "Arrival for permanent residence in Bagrovo" p. 155)

--- "Children's reading for the heart and mind" - this was the name of a series of children's books, published in twenty parts at the time when the writer lived. The boy did not get the complete collected works, but only twelve books. How did the boy take this gift? (The boy was very happy).

Read the words in the text that describe this feeling of the boy.

(Children find words that reveal the hero's sensual soul: "oh, happiness!" took away my treasure ”,“ forgot everything around me ”,“ I was just like a madman ”,“ I didn’t say anything, ”“ I didn’t understand what they were telling me, ”“ I didn’t want to go to dinner, ”“ after dinner I grabbed the book again and read until evening. ")

Now find in the text the expression that the author characterizes the boy's reading. (The author calls the reading "frenzied": "Of course, the mother put an end to such frenzied reading ...")

After reading this passage, how can you explain the meaning of this expression? (Frenzied means reading with great enthusiasm. And I think that this is such a passion for reading, when you don't even hear anything around and don't notice. And I think that these are some kind of sublime feelings of a boy.)

You got it right, guys, you made the right conclusion after reading about the state of the boy when he read the books. In Ozhegov's dictionary, the word "frenzied" is given the following interpretation: "Frenzy is an extreme degree of excitement, passion with loss of self-control." This means that the boy's reading took place in a state of intense excitement. Now read on, with what other feeling Seryozha read books. ("I read my books with delight ...")

And now I want to draw your attention to last words text. (The guys read: "A complete revolution took place in my childish mind, and a new world opened up for me ...")

How did you understand these final words? (For the boy, books opened a new world of knowledge. He learned a lot of things that he did not know before. Seryozha was very curious, but he still did not know much, and the books helped him to reveal secrets. There was a revolution in his mind, which means that he became smarter, more educated, more perfect.)

And now I want to read the continuation of this passage from the book: “I learned in the“ discourse on thunder ”what lightning, air, clouds are; learned the formation of rain and the origin of snow. Many phenomena in nature, which I looked at meaninglessly, albeit with curiosity, received meaning for me and became even more curious ... "Tell me, guys, what instructive conclusion can you draw for yourself after reading a passage from Aksakov's story? (I concluded that great importance has a reading for every person. Whoever reads a lot knows a lot. The book is a true friend of man, it teaches a lot. And I remembered a proverb that we talked about in the first grade: "Reading is the best teaching")

Of all the childhood inclinations of little Seryozha, the strongest was love and passion for reading. Even in early childhood, Aksakov became interested in reading, which was facilitated by the joint readings adopted in the family in the evenings, he gives himself to him with frenzied passion He read various translated books, read with interest, learned a lot almost by heart. It is important that his children's reading consisted mainly of Russian books, when at that time, "French prevailed." As a child, he also got acquainted with the works of famous Russian poets of the 18th century. I also read Scheherazade's tales in Russian. He read fairy tales to the point of unconsciousness and loved to retell them, introducing whole episodes of his own composition. On long winter evenings he listens to the talented storyteller Pelageya, the housekeeper of the serfs. In her fabulous catalog were all Russian fairy tales, and many oriental ones. One of them - "The Scarlet Flower" - Seryozha not only learned by heart, but he himself said it with all the jokes, groans and sighs of Pelageya. Seryozha "mimicked" her so well that all the household laughed. But none of them even suspected that a truly acting talent lurked in the boy. Firing the imagination, he invents adventures similar to those read in books, and tells them as authentic, as if they happened to them. Moreover, Seryozha even competes with Scheherazade, inserting incidents and episodes of his own fantasy into her tales. When Seryozha was caught in fabrications, he, puzzled, worried and bewildered. And these "additions" were created not by an ordinary child's imagination, but by the creative imagination awakening in it. Early awakens in him and "an irresistible, unaccountable desire to convey to others his impressions with the accuracy and clarity of evidence, so that listeners get the same concept of the described objects", which he himself had about them. This desire, so important, necessary for the future writer, Seryozha inherited, apparently, from his mother, who possessed a rare gift of speech.

Let us reflect on the place that parents occupied in Seryozha's life. How is the character of the father manifested in the story? Can he become an example for his son? ( Father - Timofey Stepanovich, passionately loved nature. Sergei, too, was not indifferent to nature, and this is the merit of his father, a gentle person by nature. He developed in his son an attachment to hunting, fishing, communication with nature. “My father gave me knowledge,” said the writer.)

The boy was often taken hunting and fishing. He considered such moments a great happiness. Once, while fishing, Seryozha managed to catch a small roach. Later he would write about it this way: “... I was trembling all over, as if in a fever, and I could not remember myself at all for joy. I grabbed my prey with both hands and ran to show it to my mother ... Mother did not want to believe that I could catch the fish myself, but, panting and stammering with fervor, I assured her ... that it was as if I had pulled out this beautiful fish myself .. Mother had no disposition for the dinner, did not even love him, and it was very painful for me that she coldly accepted my joy; and to my great sorrow, my mother, seeing me in such excitement, said that it was harmful to me, and added that she would not let me in until I calmed down. ”(Children can retell this passage.)

In "The childhood years of Bagrov the grandson," he spoke about the first joys of a fisherman, which he experienced in childhood. “The gourd just drove me crazy! - he wrote. - I could neither think nor speak about anything else ... ". (Pp. 29, 30, 149, 188). What did little Seryozha dream about when his mother did not let him in with his father and Yevseich? ( “My God,” I thought, “when I’ll be big to spend whole days with a fishing rod and a Groundhog on the banks of a river or lake.”)

On the estate of his father and grandfather in old Aksakov, the future writer had the opportunity to communicate with nature, which he fell in love with to oblivion, became addicted to fishing and hunting, rifle and falconry, to picking up mushrooms and berries, to catching birds. Even in the summer, in the heat, in the rain - in any weather, he left the house with a protective visor lowered over his almost blind eyes and sat for hours on the bank of the Vori in Abramtsevo with a fishing rod in his hands. Aksakov even has a number of essays and stories about fishing and gun hunting - then this was the first time in literature. These are "Notes on the Eating" and "Notes of a Gun Hunter of the Orenburg Province")

What can you say about Seryozha's relationship with his mother? Let's read lyrical digressions about Seryozha's mother. (You can give to learn). (There is no doubt that for Seryozha, his mother was the most dear person. They have an excellent relationship. They understood each other perfectly. Seryozha's mother was charming to everyone around her. She performs a feat of devotion and compassion. For Seryozha, she became a savior, a guardian angel. Seryozha has the happiest days in his life with his mother. "My mother brought up feelings in me," Serezha recalls.)

In childhood, his mother Marya Nikolaevna paid special attention to the formation of the writer. Relationships, rare in their trust, were established between them. The mother shares both the sorrows and the joys of her son, dispels his doubts, perplexities, speaks with her son as with a friend. The boy is tenderly sympathetic becomes attached to the mother. Their mutual love and understanding of each other is growing. Mother becomes for Seryozha the greatest authority, the most beloved and dear authority in the world. He shares with her everything he saw, everything he heard and experienced. The closest person in this world is a mother. No matter how old you are, you need a mom. Mom loves us, cares. Guys, let's be attentive to mothers, taking care of them the way Seryozha Bagrov does.

Serezha's parents remained in his soul and memory for the rest of his life. He remembers them, is grateful to them. Parents are the most precious thing in life. Only he is worthy of respect who remembers and honors the family, his ancestors.

What is the relationship between brother and sister?

What did you like about the Bagrov family? In their relationship? (They politely address each other. In their communication there are such beautiful expressions as ... This is a very friendly family. I remember how ... The heroes are compliant, frank with each other, benevolent. The family has a warm atmosphere)

Father's house, family is a great wealth. “Happy is he who is happy at home,” wrote Tolstoy. A person who grew up in a kind family thanks her all his life for joy. Aksakov grew up between loving and beloved people, in a good environment. He loved children very much. He was a wonderful father. His children recalled that they were grateful to their father for their happy childhood, that they grew up among people, loving friend friend. The Aksakov family had the unquestionable authority of the father, mutual trust and mutual respect, mutual understanding. This family has never had a problem of fathers and children. Belinsky wrote: “Oh, if only there were more such fathers in Russia, like old man Aksakov. The themes of S.T.Aksakov's works are eternal: the struggle between good and evil, love and indispensable domestic happiness - all this is so relevant in our troubled times. It is not for nothing that the President of the Republic of Belarus declared this year the year of family and strengthening of family values.

The kindness and sincerity that his mother brought up in Seryozha prompted the boy to sympathize with the servitude of the serfs. Let us recall the incident at the mill. (In the rich estate of Praskovya Ivanovna's grandmother, Parashin, the headman was Mironich, whom Seryozha called to himself “a man with terrible eyes.” Examining the mill with his father, the boy observed Mironich’s rude attitude towards the old man - the filling and other peasants and I felt “an inner tremor.” Many questions arose in Serezha’s mind: “Why is the sick old man suffering, what is the evil Mironych, what power is Mikhailushka and grandmother”) “… I began to feel an inner tremor. - Seryozha is perplexed. Chance in the harvest. "An inexpressible feeling of compassion for those who work with such a strain of strength, in the heat of the sun, seized my soul ..."

“Dema, spending the night in the Chuvashes, springs, a mill, a decrepit old man - filling and a rye field with reapers and reapers, then each object separated and became clear, dark places or spots in these pictures that I did not understand appeared”.

An incident in a public school "He revolted the clear silence of my soul."

Autumn Harvest (PAGE 153) “I was greatly amazed ...)

Spring plowing "I came to the greatest amazement ...". Pp. 204,211.

How do these reflections characterize Seryozha? (These cases prove that Seryozha lives a complex inner life. He is tormented by the questions of how and why the world works this way. Some are rich, some are poor. Communication with people allowed him to feel the inequality between them, gave rise to thoughts of good and evil. Why was the Easter cake for the Bagrovs much whiter than the way the courtyards broke their fast? Beloved mother, whose rational court Seryozha is accustomed to trusting his impressions and thoughts, no, no, and she will pull him down: “It's none of your business” ...)

“My head was older than my years,” complains Bagrov. He complains because such a "head" deprived him of his childish spontaneity, fenced off him from his peers. This mental maturity, surpassing age, has developed in Serezha the habit of analyzing his own feelings and thoughts. He not only lives on impressions. He makes them the subject of analysis, the boy subjects his experiences to introspection, tries to change himself. Aksakov leads us to the idea that character formation occurs through overcoming difficult life situations.

Bagrov later recalls that everything he saw led to "confusion of concepts", produced "some kind of discord in my head", outraged "the clear silence of my soul." But it was the external impressions that became for Seryozha those, in his expression, the lessons that had a decisive influence on the formation of his character. A stream of impressions poured into open to the world the soul of a child, observant, prone to introspection and self-criticism, and this fusion gave beneficial results.

The inner world of a child does not split, does not disintegrate. Seryozha tries to drown out his doubts in communication with nature. Nature becomes the source of the child's mental health.

Tolstoy considered the greatest merit of Childhood to be the love for nature, the poetry of nature, poured into the book. A sense of nature came to the boy, the hero of the book, during the first spring in the village and developed under the influence of his father Alexei Stepanovich Bagrov and uncle Evseich.

How does Seryozha see the spring nature? Why exactly “the first spring in the village”? (Before that, Seryozha had not seen the coming of spring in the village.)

- Do you think it is important for us, the readers? (Of course, the first perception is always sharper, brighter, more unexpected, remembered for a long time)

- Find in the text what impression the coming of spring made on Sergei. (The approach of spring in the village ... I felt a special kind of excitement never experienced by me.)

- What increased Seryozha's excitement? (Conversation about spring with Yevseich and father)

- Find words that convey the general enthusiasm of the father, Evseich and Seryozha with the coming of spring.

(Rejoiced like hunters)

- Why did father, Evseich and Seryozha perceive everything around them differently (with joy)? (They were looking forward to the arrival of spring, and therefore the changes around them only made them happy)

– What pictures of nature would you like to highlight in the story? (Dema, crossing Belaya, ice drift on Belaya, nature in Sergeevka, Kiishki lake. Expressive reading of passages about nature. You can give it by heart.)

Seryozha gives himself up to the experience of nature with such strength and spiritual dedication that it even frightens his mother. In his love for nature, the boy puts not only passion, but also the talent of a naturalist, which he undoubtedly possessed: he establishes signs of the approach of spring, inquiringly watches how birds are building nests and raising offspring.

The boy notices every little thing, gives scope to his childish imagination: ...

River banks living under the spring sun, with all kinds of game,

floating ducks and flying flocks of birds, which father and Yevseich knew from

It was during this period that the boy felt that fusion with nature,

which is so characteristic of the writer Aksakov: "At the end of this week

that wonderful time began, which is not always awkward, when nature,

After waking up from sleep, he begins to live a full, young, hasty life: when everything turns into excitement, movement, into sound, into color, into smell. Then, not understanding anything, not disassembling, not evaluating, not giving any names, I myself sensed new life, became a part of nature, and only in adulthood, conscious memories of this time, consciously appreciated all its charming charm, all the poetic beauty. "

In many of his poems, the writer glorified the nature of Bashkortostan, admired its beauty.Attention to the screen. (Slides with pictures of the nature of Bashkortostan). Is it surprising that the writer so beautifully described the nature of our region and wrote the following lines: (The teacher memorizing an excerpt from the poem "A Message to the Village".)

So, we say goodbye to Seryozha.Serezha is about to enter the gymnasium. On the eve of this most important event in his life, the narration stops. Childhood is over, adolescence is on the doorstep. And a person who has grown up spiritually and morally, matured before our eyes, is preparing to cross this threshold!

How do you remember Seryozha Bagrov - Aksakov? (Seryozha has a good heart. He is sensitive, impressionable, knows how to pity, sympathize with others. He is smart, observant, knows how to think, analyze his actions, suffer because of them. Family is very important for Seryozha. He loves and respects and loves his loved ones, happy in communicating with them. The father is an example for the boy in everything. Seryozha is warm and kind loves and understands animals, they are his friends. He is very sensitive to nature, enthusiastically perceives it, notices any little thing, fantasizes. Seryozha attracts with his sincerity, spiritual simplicity, his love for others. The hero tirelessly watches himself, knows how to analyze his actions, suffers because of them.)

What kind of person is Seryozha if he keeps all these warm memories in his soul?

The generalizing word of the teacher. It all starts from childhood. We come to this world with a pure heart, with an open soul. If a person manages to maintain this purity, then everything around him will be light, clear. And those around, feeling this warmth, will be kinder and softer.

Aksakov lived a good and honest life. Not so rich, Aksakov was always ready to help those in need. He supported Gogol with funds, helped Belinsky.

And his children grew up just as worthy: Konstantin and Ivan - literature, Grigory - Governor of the Ufa province. Granddaughter Olga Grigorievna Aksakova founded the first sanatorium - a kumys hospital for tuberculosis patients.

Aksakov's work calls us to the knowledge of Russia, to goodness, to comprehend ourselves in our native land. The book "Childhood of Bagrov's Grandson" is a hymn to parents, a hymn to the nature of the native land, a hymn to a happy childhood. The world of Serezha Bagrov's childhood is beautiful. His childhood is filled with happiness, understanding, love. I really want you to be happy children too. Let your childhood not be overshadowed by troubles, diseases, wars. Let it be warm and cozy in your home. Be worthy sons and daughters! And as a commandment, the words of S. T. Aksakov's son Ivan sound to us:

Don't let your soul forget

than strength in youth boiled,

And instead of good, instead of a goal

One striving to love.

Habit is evil. One tired

Her empty spirit is delighted ...

Striving, do not be content with little

And don't put up with your soul!

Homework. Write an essay "How is Seryozha Bagrov close to me?"