Chernihiv land - geographical location, relations with neighbors, civil strife between the princes. Chernigov-Seversk principality: geographical location, governance, large cities Which prince ruled in Chernigov

Notes:

Svyatoslav was fully aware of the influence that the clergy acquired at that time and knew how to win him over to his side: he patronized Saint Anthony and Theodosius, generously endowed the Caves Monastery and built the Eletsky and Ilyinsky monasteries in Chernigov. The chronicler notes his love for books, the monument of which is the so-called "Svyatoslav Izbornik" (1073), depicting Svyatoslav and his family.

Material from the site

SVYATOSLAV YAROSLAVICH (col. 6)

Svyatoslav Yaroslavich (1027-1076) - the prince vilifies then led. prince of Kiev., son of Yaroslav the Wise. At first he reigned in Volhynia. After the death of Yaroslav (1054) he received Chernig. book-in. After the death of the younger brothers, Igor and Vyacheslav Yaroslavich, their estates were divided among themselves by the older brothers: Svyatoslav Yaroslavich became a prince of a very meaningful region, which included all the lands lying to the east of the Dnieper: Chernigov, region. northerners and Vyatichi, Ryazan, Murom and Tmutarakan. At first, the sons of Yaroslav the Wise lived in friendship and harmony, they did everything together. Together with the brothers Izyaslav and Vsevolod, Svyatoslav Yaroslavich was a part of a kind of triumvirate that ruled (1054 - 1072) all affairs in Russia. In 1059 he helped free his uncle, Sudislav Vladimirovich, from prison, who had been in it for 24 years. For several years, he contributed to important changes in the legislation of Yaroslav the Wise, including the replacement of patrimonial revenge with a vir. The brothers worked together to solve the problems of protecting the South. Rus from the raids of the nomads: so, having collected (1060) a large army, they went against the Torks, who, pushing the Pechenegs to the west, constantly robbed the Rus. possession. The campaign was a success: the Torks were smashed and driven out of the forest-steppe. stripes, many of them died from cold, hunger and pestilence, and those who fled were finished off by the Polovtsy, who were going to replace the Pechenegs and Torks in the Black Sea region. After this victory, the Steppe became quiet for 4 years, but then the situation became tense, the fault of which was internal. disagreements and strife between the princes. In 1064, the nephew of Svyatoslav Yaroslavich, Rostislav Vladimirovich, deprived of his uncles in the distribution of inheritances, recruited a squad from the Novg. freemen, went to Tmutarakan and, knocking out the son of Svyatoslav Yaroslavich - Gleb, sat down on the Tmutarakan table. Svyatoslav Yaroslavich sent his governors there and returned Tmutarakan to his son, but as soon as the Chernigov. the army left the Tmutarakan principality, Rostislav was again on the local table. Svyatoslav Yaroslavich was forced to come to terms this time. In 1066, the Greeks poisoned Rostislav, after which the inhabitants of Tmutarakan asked Svyatoslav Yaroslavich to send Gleb to them, which was done. In 1067 the brothers gathered a large army and moved it against the Polots. book Vseslav Bryachislavich, who ruined the Novg. volost and robbed Novgorod the Great. A huge army besieged and then took Minsk. On the river A fierce battle took place in Nemige, Polots. the prince was defeated and fled. A few months later, the brothers, having invited Vseslav, ostensibly to sign the peace, treacherously seized him and imprisoned him in Kiev. prison. In 1069 the brothers suffered a severe defeat on the river. Alte from the Cumans; Vsevolod and Izyaslav fled to Kiev, and Svyatoslav Yaroslavich fled to Chernigov. Kievans, having learned about what had happened, rebelled and freed Vseslav. Izyaslav, frightened by the rebels, fled to Poland. The Polovtsi, taking advantage of the confusion, began plundering Russian. lands. Svyatoslav Yaroslavich, having gathered only the warriors, decided to fight the nomads. The battle with the main. forces of the Polovtsians happened on the river. Dreams, at its confluence with the Desna. Three thousand Russians attacked the superior forces of the enemy, and the Polovtsians fled. Many enemies were chopped up, even more drowned in Dreams, and Ch. their khan was taken prisoner. After that, the prestige of Svyatoslav Yaroslavich in Russia increased significantly. A year later Izyaslav from Polish, cor. Boleslav came to Kiev, hoping to regain the lost throne. Vseslav pretended that he was going to rebuff Izyaslav and the Poles, but at night, on the eve of the decisive battle, he secretly fled the city, leaving the Kievites to their fate. Those, frightened, urgently gathered “ewe,” at which they decided to appeal to Svyatoslav Yaroslavich in Chernigov with a request to protect them from the Poles. Then Svyatoslav Yaroslavich and Vsevolod were sent to tell Izyaslav to take the lead. table, but the Poles would be ordered to return home. Izyaslav, not very severely punishing the people of Kiev, again sat down on the grand duke. throne. For several years it was quiet in Russia. During this time, S. Ya. Together with his brothers compiled the Russian Truth, developed the rules of inheritance led. reign and tables in appanages. In 1072, celebrations took place in Vyshgorod, the transfer of the relics of Sts. Boris and Gleb from a dilapidated wooden church to a new, stone one, built specially for this by Izyaslav. In 1073, a struggle broke out between Izyaslav and his younger brothers, the cause of which was again Vseslav, who entered into secret negotiations with the leader. prince, which agitated Svyatoslav Yaroslavich, setting up and Vsevolod against Izyaslav, Chernigov. the ruler did everything to expel the elder brother from Kiev. S. Ya., Revered by the inhabitants of the capital for having saved them both from the Polovtsy and from the Poles, in the end sat on the vel. table, and Izyaslav had to flee to Poland again. There, however, he was robbed by Boleslav, who refused to help him. After that Izyaslav asked for help from the Germans. imp. Henry IV, who could not help him in any way, but only sent an embassy to Svyatoslav Yaroslavich (1075), which had no success. Izyaslav even turned to Pope Gregory VII, but also in vain. Only thanks to the unexpected death of Svyatoslav Yaroslavich Izyaslav regained the lead. reign. Svyatoslav Yaroslavich had large library, forced to rewrite Slavic-Bulgarian manuscripts for himself. From him remained the most ancient monuments of church-glory. writing - Izborniki Svyatoslav 1073 and 1076.

Oleg Svyatoslavich

Oleg Svyatoslavich (nicknamed Gorislavich) (died 1115) - Prince of Chernigov. The son led. prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavich , grandson Yaroslav the Wise ... B received from his father Vladimir-Volynsky. In 1078 he tried to seize power in Chernigov, but failed and fled to Tmutarakan. In 1079 he was taken prisoner by the Khazars and exiled to Constantinople, then to the Greek about. Rhodes. In 1083 he returned to Russia and captured Tmutarakan. In 1094, with the help of the Polovtsy, he expelled Vladimir Monomakh from Chernigov and began to rule there. Refused to appear at the princely congress and in 1096 killed his son Vladimir Monomakh - Izyaslav, but was defeated by his brother Mstislav ... In 1097, Oleg had to obey the decision of the Lyubech Congress and get Novgorod-Seversky into reign. Taking part in many strife, O. even used the help of the Polovtsi, but later in 1107 and 1113 he campaigned against them and repulsed their attack.

Used materials of the book: Shikman A.P. Figures of national history. Biographical reference book. Moscow, 1997

Oleg Svyatoslavich (? -1115) - Prince of Chernigov, son of the Grand Duke of Kiev Svyatoslav Yaroslavich ... In 1073 he reigned in Rostov, then in Volyn. After the death (1076) of Svyatoslav, Oleg Svyatoslavich was brought out by the new Grand Duke, Vsevolod Yaroslavich, from Vladimir-Volynsky. In 1078 he fled to Tmutarakan, from where from Chernih. book Boris Vyacheslavich and the Polovtsy went to Chernigov and took it. In the same year together with Vladimir. Monomakh made a successful trip to Czech Republic ... In the fall, in the battle with the combined forces of Izyaslav and Vsevolod Yaroslavich at Nezhatina Niva, Oleg Svyatoslavich, together with Boris, suffered a serious defeat. Boris died, and Oleg Svyatoslavich again fled to Tmutarakan. In 1079 he was captured by the Khazars, who sent him to Constantinople. Byzantium. the gov't sent him into a link to Fr. Rhodes. In 1083 he returned to Tmutarakan and expelled Prince. Volodar Rostislavich and Prince. Davyd Igorevich. In 1094, with the help of the Polovtsy, he captured Chernig. land, expelling Vladimir Monomakh from Chernigov. In 1096 Svyatopolk Izyaslavich and Vladimir Monomakh drove him out of Chernigov, and he fled to Starodub. From Starodub he left for Smolensk. At that time, his brother David was sitting there, who, fearing to lose his possession, did not let Oleg into the city. Then Oleg Svyatoslavich went to Murom and killed (1095) Izyaslav Vladimirovich, who arbitrarily occupied the patrimony of Oleg Svyatoslavich. Then he "went over all the land of Muromsk and Rostov and planted the mayors in the city and tribute to the brothers." The son of Monomakh, Mstislav the Great, expelled these mayors from Rost. and Murom, lands, and Oleg Svyatoslavich himself, breaking into the river. Koloksha, forced to retreat to Ryazan. By the decision of the Lyubech congress of princes, Oleg Svyatoslavich got part of the "fatherland", Chernig. land, including Tmutarakan. According to an agreement between Svyatopolk and Vladimir Monomakh (1096), Oleg Svyatoslavich was to receive Murom, a volost. After the death of Svyatopolk (143), Oleg recognized the reign of Monomakh in Kiev, although his brother Davyd had more rights to Kiev. The union of Oleg Svyatoslavich with the Polovtsy and his "sedition" and "rotations" on the Russian land were condemned by Rus. chroniclers and the author of "The Lay of Igor's Campaign" ", who called him Gorislavich.

Used materials from the book: Boguslavsky V.V., Burminov V.V. Rus of the Rurik. Illustrated Historical Dictionary.

OLEG SVYATOSLAVICH(sk. 1115), Prince Vladimir-Volynsky (1073-76), Tmutarakansky (1083-94). Chernigovsky (1094-96), Novgorod-Seversky (1097-1115), son of the great. book Svyatoslav Yaroslavich. In 1076, Oleg Svyatoslavich, helping the Poles, together with Vladimir Monomakh hike to the Czech Republic. In 1078 he tried to establish himself in Chernigov, but failed. In 1079 he was captured by the Khazars and sent to Constantinople, spent there, and then on about. Rhodes has been imprisoned for four years. In 1094, with the help of the Polovtsy, Oleg Svyatoslavich took Chernigov from Vladimir Monomakh. Oleg Svyatoslavich refused to go to Kiev for the congress of princes, but led. book Svyatopolk and Vladimir Monomakh, starting a war against him in 1096, forced him to submit. By the decision of the Lyubech Congress (1097), Oleg Svyatoslavich received Novgorod-Seversky as his inheritance. Participated in the Vitechevsky (1100) and Zolotchevsky (1101) princely congresses and in campaigns against the Polovtsy (1107 and 1113).

Literature:

Rapov O.M. Princely possessions in Russia in the X-first half of the XIII century. M. 1977.S. 100-102.

Gleb Svyatoslavich (Sc. 1078), son of Svyatoslav Yaroslavich, pr. Chernigov. In 1064 he sat in Tmutarakan, from where he was expelled by Rostislav Vladimirovich. The next year Svyatoslav expelled Rostislav from Tmutarakan and put Gleb there again, but as soon as Svyatoslav left, Gleb was expelled a second time by Rostislav. In 1067 Gleb reigned in Novgorod, from where in 1068 he left for Tmutarakan and returned again. In Novgorod, Gleb had to withstand the attack of Vseslav of Polotsk. In 1078, Gleb was killed in a campaign against the Zavolotsk chud and was buried in Chernigov.

Used materials from the site Great Encyclopedia of the Russian people - http://www.rusinst.ru

Gleb Svyatoslavich (? -1078) - prince of Novgorod, son of the leader. book Russian Svyatoslav Yaroslavich. In 1064, being Tmutarakansk. Prince, twice (1064) was expelled from Tmutarakan by his cousin Rostislav Vladimirovich. After his death (1066) he was sent to reign in Tmutarakan. In 1067 he received from his uncle, Grand. book Russian Izyaslav Droslavich, Novgorod the Great. After the reign of Vseslav Bryachislavich in Kiev, he was forced to return to Tmutarakan, where, according to the inscription on the marble Tmutarakan stone, in 1068 he measured the distance between Tmutarakan and Kerch. Perhaps the latter was also part of the possessions of Gleb Svyatoslavich. After the flight of Vseslav to Polotsk (1069), the Novg. militia, defending the city from the troops of Vseslav, whom he defeated near Novgorod. After the ascension of Svyatoslav Yaroslavich to the Grand Duke. table (1073), Gleb Svyatoslavich received from him the Pereyaslavl region. After the reign of Vsevolod Yaroslavich in Kiev (1077), he was forced to return to Novgorod. In 1078, when the Magi appeared in Novgorod, they incited the people to revolt against the Orthodox. church and the prince, the chief of them cut his head with an ax with his own hand. Expelled for this by the disgruntled Novgorodians, Gleb Svyatoslavich called for help from Vladimir Monomakh, but he did not respond to this call, and Gleb Svyatoslavich fled for Volok, where he was killed by a chudyu.

Used materials from the book: Boguslavsky V.V., Burminov V.V. Rus of the Rurik. Illustrated Historical Dictionary.

GLEB SVYATOSLAVICH (knee 7)

IGOR OLGOVICH(column 8). Of the kind Chernigov book Son of Oleg Svyatoslavich and Greek woman Feofaniya Muzalon. Conducted. book Kiev in 1146

In 1145, the sick Vsevolod, Igor's brother, who was at that time the Grand Duke, summoned his brothers, relatives and cousins, as well as; brother-in-law of Izyaslav Mstislavich. and said to them: "If God takes me, I will give Kiev after me to my brother Igor." All the brothers and Izyaslav kissed Igor's cross, thereby recognizing his right to Kiev. In 1146 Vsevolod ordered to invite the best Kievites and also told them: "I am very sick, here is my brother Igor, take him as your princes"; they answered: "Let's take it with joy." Igor went with them to Kiev, called all the townspeople, and everyone kissed him on the cross, saying: "You are our prince." After his brother's death, Igor sent to Izyaslav Mstislavich, asking him if he was faithful to the previous kiss of the cross. Izyaslav did not give an answer and did not even let the ambassador go back, because the people of Kiev invited him to reign. Izyaslav moved to Kiev, and Igor summoned the main Kiev boyars - Uleb, Ivan Voitishich, Lazar Sakovsky, promising them the same honors that they had from his brother Vsevolod. But Igor was late: these boyars, along with others - Vasily Polochanin and Miroslav Andreevich - had already gone over to the side of Izyaslav. The five of them gathered the people of Kiev and consulted on how to deceive Igor; and they sent to Izyaslav to say: "Go, prince, we have agreed with the Kievites; let us throw Olgovich's banner and run with our regiment to Kiev." Izyaslav approached Kiev and stood with his son Mstislav at the rampart, near Lake Nadov, and the Kievites stood apart at Olga's grave, in a huge crowd, says the chronicler. Soon Igor and all his army saw that the Kievites had sent to Izyaslav and taken from him a thousand with a banner; after that the Berendeys crossed the Lybid River and captured Igor's convoy in front of the Golden Gate. Seeing this, Igor said to his brother, Svyatoslav and nephew Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich: "Go to your regiments, and how God will judge us with them"; . ordered Uleb tysyatsky and Ivan Voytiishich to go to their regiments as well. But as soon as they arrived at their regiments, they threw the banners and went over to the side of Izyaslav. Igor and his nephew were not embarrassed by this and moved against Izyaslav; but because of the people of Kiev and the Berendeys, they could not drive to it over Lake Nadov; they went on horseback and ended up in the most disadvantageous place, between two ditches from the lake and from dry Lybid. The Berendeys came in from the rear and began to chop them down with sabers, and Izyaslav with his son Mstislav and his squad entered from the flank; The Ol'govichi ran, Igor drove into a swamp, the horse got stuck under him, but he could not walk, because he was sick with his legs; his squad was driven all the way to the Dnieper, to the mouth of the Desna and to the Kiev ferry. Four days later, when Izyaslav had already sat down on the Kiev table, Igor was seized in a swamp. Izyaslav first sent him to the Vydubitsky monastery, and then ordered him to be kept in chains in the Pereyaslavsky Ivanovsky monastery.

In prison, Igor became completely ill and sent him to tell Izyaslav: "Brother! I am very sick and I ask you to be tonsured; I wanted this when I was still a prince, but now, in need, I was very ill and I do not think that I will stay alive." Izyaslav took pity and answered him: "If you had a thought about taking tonsure, then you are free, and I will release you anyway for the sake of your illness." The top of the prison was dismantled over Igor and the patient was taken to his cell; for eight days he did not drink, did not eat, but then he felt better, and he tonsured his tonsure in the Kiev Fedorov monastery in the schema.

In the spring of 1147 Izyaslav set out on a campaign. On the way, he sent ambassadors to Kiev to announce the treachery of his allies, the Chernigov princes, Vladimir and Izyaslav Davydovich, who wanted to lure him to themselves and seize him, the Kievites wanted to go to the aid of the prince against the traitors, but at this time someone from the crowd shouted: "We will go after the prince with joy, but first we need to think about this: as before under Izyaslav Yaroslavich evil people they released Vseslav from captivity and made them a prince for themselves, and for this there was a lot of evil in our city; and now Igor, the enemy of our prince and ours, is not in captivity, but in the Fedorov monastery; let us kill him and go to Chernigov for our prince; let us finish with him. "The people, hearing this, rushed to the Fedorov Monastery. Igor stood in the church at the mass. People rushed into the church and dragged him shouting:" Beat him! Beat him! "With the help of the boyar Mikhail, Vladimir Mstislavich, Izyaslav's brother, managed to bring Igor into his mother's yard and shut the gates behind them. he was unconscious to the ground; then they tied a rope to his feet and dragged him from the Mstislav's court across the whole city to the prince's court and there he was killed; St. Michael's Church, and the next day he was buried in the Semenovsky Monastery

All the monarchs of the world. Russia. 600 short biographies. Konstantin Ryzhov. Moscow, 1999

Read on:

Karamzin N.M. History of the Russian state vol. 2 Chapter XI. Grand Duke Igor Olgovich .

Svyatoslav Olgovich (? - 14.02.1164+) (see. genealogical table 20 )

Parents: Oleg Svyatoslavich (? -1115+),? ;

Children: Polovchanka, daughter of Aepa Girgenevich-

• Oleg (? -1180+);
  1st wife from 1150 daughter Yuri Dolgoruky ;
  2. Agafia, daughter Rostislav Mstislavich(since 1163) -
  • Svyatoslav (1166-?), Prince of Rylsky;
  After the death of Svyatoslav Olgovich, the Chernigov principality was to be inherited by his eldest son Oleg, but another, stronger, contender appeared - Prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich (? -1194+), Oleg's cousin. Oleg did not manage to save Chernigov, he was allocated the Seversk principality;
• Igor (1151-1202 +), book. Seversky (1179-1202), hero "Words about Igor's regiment" ;
• Vsevolod (1153? -1196+), Prince. Kurskiy, nicknamed "Buy-Tour";
  wife - Olga Glebovna, granddaughter Yuri Dolgoruky ;

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FROM ANCIENT RUSSIA TO THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE

Svyatoslav Olgovich (col. 8)

Svyatoslav Vsevolodich (? -1194) - Great. prince of Kiev., son led. book Kiev. Vsevolod Olgovich. In 1140, at the request of the Novgorodians, his father sent Svyatoslav Vsevolodich to reign with them. But in Chernigov, he learned that Novgorod the Great preferred him to someone from the Monomashichi, and returned to Kiev. Vsevolod decided to punish Novgorod and detained the Novgorod bishops and “ best husbands"Sent for Svyatoslav Vsevolodich. OK. 1142 his father put him in Turov, but after a while Vladimir-Volynsky gave him, since Vyacheslav Vladimirovich was transferred to Turov from South Pereyaslavl. In the same year, Svyatoslav Vsevolodich walked with Izyaslav Davydovich and gal. book Vladimirkom Volodarevich to help the Polish king Vladislav, who fought with his brothers. In 1143 he married the daughter of a Polotsk. book Vasilka (either Rogvolodich or Svyatoslavich).

In 1144 Vsevolod Olgovich fell out with Vladimirk, who did not want to see Svyatoslav Vsevolodich in Vladimir-Volynsky. In the end, the great prince had to make a campaign against Vladimirka, in which Svyatoslav Vsevolodich also took part.

In 1143, led. the prince again sent him together with his uncles to Poland to help the same Vladislav. Peace with gal. the prince turned out to be fragile, and in 1146 Vsevolod moved to Galich, taking Svyatoslav Vsevolodich with him. Soon after this campaign (after the death of his father) Svyatoslav Vsevolodich was drawn into the struggle of his uncles, Igor Blazhenny and Svyatoslav Olgovich, with Izyaslav Mstislavich for Kiev. table. After the victory of the latter, Svyatoslav Vsevolodich was removed from Vladimir-Volynsky and received in return Mezhibozhie, Buzhsk, Kotelnitsa and several more cities, and he was forced to kiss the cross of allegiance to Izyaslav, who then forced him to fight first against his uncle - Vyacheslav, and then against Svyatoslav Olgovich. Later, Svyatoslav Vsevolodich made peace with the latter, defecting to a camp hostile to Izyaslav, because the leader was dissatisfied with the awards. prince. After the death of Izyaslav (1154) Svyatoslav Vsevolodich took an active part in the struggle of the princes for the Great. table, holding the side of one or the other. All these years he did not forget about his rights to Chernigov. inheritance and in every possible way sought it, relying on the help of Svyatoslav Olgovich.

In 1157 he received from the new chief. Prince, Izyaslav Davydovich, Novgorod-Seversky in exchange for the recognition of Izyaslav led. Prince, but after a short time Svyatoslav Vsevolodich quarreled with Izyaslav.

In 1159 he tried to take Chernigov away from Svyatoslav Olgovich, and Svyatoslav Vsevolodich helped his uncle to defend his possession. A year later, Svyatoslav Vsevolodich participated with his uncle and other princes in the siege of the town of Vshchizh, where Svyatoslav Vladimirovich was sitting. After a while, the Allies repeated this campaign.

In 1161 Svyatoslav Vsevolodich was again in alliance with Izyaslav Davidovich (deposed from the throne), to whom Svyatoslav Olgovich reluctantly joined, because Kiev. the boyars managed to embroil the latter with the leader. book Rostislav Mstislavich. The allies wanted to overthrow Rostislav and restore Izyaslav to Kiev. foot. However, the alliance turned out to be fragile, since soon Svyatoslav Vsevolodich and his uncle made peace with Rostislav and kissed his cross. In 1162 Svyatoslav Vsevolodich, together with other princes, probably on behalf of the led. Prince, went against Vladimir Mstislavich Machesich, who captured Slutsk.

In 1164, Svyatoslav Olgovich died, and Chernigov was supposed to pass to Svyatoslav, the eldest in the Olgovich family, according to the "law of the trees" of inheritance, but the widow of Svyatoslav Olgovich, on the advice of her close boyars, decided to hide her husband's death from her nephew in order to enable her son Oleg to seize Chernigov. However, Bishop Anthony informed Svyatoslav Vsevolodich about the death of his uncle and the actions of his aunt. Svyatoslav Vsevolodich entered into negotiations with Oleg, and he went to Novgorod-Seversky, and Svyatoslav Vsevolodich sat down in Chernigov. Svyatoslav Vsevolodich promised to endow the brothers (Oleg, Igor and Vsevolod Bui-Tura) with lands from his possessions, but he did not fulfill his promise. This time Oleg was silent, but when their common relative, Prince of Vshchizh, died. Svyatoslav Vladimirovich (1167), and Svyatoslav Vsevolodich once again bypassed Oleg, without allocating an allotment to him from the volosts of the deceased, a gap occurred between them, almost ending in strife. They made peace among themselves, and Oleg received from his cousins. brother of 4 cities. In the same year, Svyatoslav Vsevolodich gave his daughter Boleslav for a gal. book Vladimir Yaroslavich. After death led. book Kiev. Rostislav Mstislavich (1167) grand. Svyatoslav Vsevolodich was supposed to take the table, but the Kievites opposed this, wishing to see Mstislav Izyaslavich on the throne of Monomashich, and Svyatoslav Vsevolodich was forced to stay in Chernigov. After a while, he participated in the successful campaign of the princes against the Polovtsy, which was organized by Mstislav.

1169 to 1172 Svyatoslav Vsevolodich did not take part in the struggle of Andrei Bogolyubsky and Mstislav Izyaslavich for Kiev. table.

In 1172 he founded a church in the name of St. Michael the Archangel. In the same year he took part in the hostilities of Andrei Bogolyubsky against pitches. Rostislavichi: under his command Vlad. the prince gave a large army, which included the squads of 20 princes. This campaign, however, ended in nothing, since the princes who seized Kiev could not keep it. Having won a victory over the supporters of Bogolyubsky, Rostislavichi, by agreement, gave Kiev luts. book Yaroslav Izyaslavich. Svyatoslav immediately reminded the latter of their long-standing agreement: whoever takes Kiev first will not forget the other. Yaroslav refused to fulfill his promise, and then Svyatoslav Vsevolodich and his brothers unexpectedly found themselves under the walls of Kiev and forced Yaroslav to flee. At this time, Oleg Svyatoslavich, seeing that Svyatoslav Vsevolodich sat down in Kiev, went to Chernigov, intending to rightfully sit in it to reign. Svyatoslav Vsevolodich, fearing not to hold Kiev and lose Chernigov, made peace with Yaroslav, who had occupied Kiev again by that time, and went to ruin the volosts of Oleg, who was forced to leave Chernigov. The war between Svyatoslav Vsevolodich and Oleg continued in 1174: Oleg made an alliance with the Rostislavichi and Kiev. book Yaroslav in order to move from the sides to Chernigov, however Rostislavichi and Yaroslav soon concluded peace with Svyatoslav Vsevolodich, destroying only a small town for him to exacerbate. Oleg also had to go to the world. After the assassination of Andrei Bogolyubsky (1174) in the war between the younger brothers, the latter's brothers, Mikhalk and Vsevolod, and the Rostislavichs, Svyatoslav Vsevolodich supported the former, helping them with soldiers, equipment, and taking their wives under his protection. By that time, Yaroslav had to concede Kiev to the eldest of the Rostislavich family, Roman, who failed in a campaign against the Polovtsy (1176). Svyatoslav Vsevolodich took advantage of this and expelled Roman from Kiev. Mstislav Izyaslavich came to the aid of the Rostislavichs, and Svyatoslav Vsevolodich left Kiev. Realizing that Chernig. the prince will covet led. table and will always prevail over Roman, who did not like and did not know how to fight, the Rostislavichi did not take the throne from Svyatoslav Vsevolodich, and he again ended up in Kiev.

In 1177 Svyatoslav Vsevolodich married his sons: Vsevolod Chermny - to a Polish daughter, cor. Kazimir, and Vladimir - on the daughter of Mikhalk Yurievich.

In 1180 Svyatoslav Vsevolodich and Vsevolod the Big Nest took up arms against each other because of the influence on the ryaz. book Roman Glebovich, who was bound by an oath with Vsevolod, and with Svyatoslav Vsevolodichkindred. bonds. The Rostislavichs were also involved in their dispute, trying to seize Kiev in the absence of Svyatoslav Vsevolodich. Soon, however, he reconciled with both. The world was sealed (1182) by marriage: Gleb Svyatoslavich married the daughter of Rurik Rostislavich, and Mstislav Svyatosavich (son of Svyatoslav Vsevolodich) - the sister-in-law of Vsevolod the Big Nest. Since that time, Svyatoslav Vsevolodich strengthened his position led. prince. In the same year he sent to help Vsevolod Vladimir with a regiment against the Volzhsk, Bulgars.

In 1184-1185, Svyatoslav Vsevolodich organized Russian campaigns. army to the Steppe. In 1186 he consecrated Chernig. Church of the Annunciation. In 1187 Novg.-Seversk. book Igor Svyatoslavich, having escaped from the Polovtsian captivity, arrived in Kiev to ask Svyatoslav Vsevolodich for help against the Polovtsians.

In 1188 led. The prince, finally, together with Rurik and Vladimir Glebovich, gathered on a campaign, which ended in nothing, since the Polovtsy, having learned about the approach of the Russians, went into the depths of the steppes. In the winter of the same year, the campaign was repeated, but the result was the same, since the brother of Svyatoslav Vsevolodich, Yaroslav, did not want to go far to the Steppe. Kiev was sent for the Polovtsians. voivode Roman Nezdilovich, who found their vezha and defeated the Polovtsian forces.

In 1189 Hung. cor. Bela, who until now held Galich, wishing to enlist the support of Svyatoslav Vsevolodich in his own interests, sent ambassadors to him with a request to conclude peace. Svyatoslav Vsevolodich secretly from Rurik sent his son Gleb to the king, believing that Bela would put him in Galich. Rurik learned about the conspiracy of the Hungarians with the lead. prince, and the peace treaty between the allies was almost canceled.

In 1190 Svyatoslav Vsevolodich and Rurik subjugated the Polovtsians "to their will," but peace with the steppe inhabitants this time turned out to be short-lived. Already in the autumn of the same year, Svyatoslav seized (on denunciation) torchesk. Khan Kuntuvdei, but after consulting with Rurik, he decided to swear in and release him. The offended khan, wishing to take revenge on Svyatoslav Vsevolodich, went to the Steppe to the Polovtsy and persuaded them to go to Russia. At this time to Kiev. only Rurik's son Rostislav was on the ground, since Svyatoslav Vsevolodich was visiting his brothers, beyond the Dnieper, and Rurik went to Ovruch. It was difficult for Rostislav alone to cope with the defense of Kiev. obl., but he coped with his task brilliantly. His father, leaving, asked Svyatoslav Vsevolodich, when he went beyond the Dnieper, to give Rostislav to help, just in case, the son of Gleb. Conducted. the prince promised, but did not send Gleb. Moreover, he soon started a lawsuit with Rurik and David for some volosts in Small. earth. Rurik sent messengers to Vsevolod the Big Nest and resins. book David, and they reminded Svyatoslav Vsevolodich that he was violating the articles of the previous agreement with Prince. Roman, and sent him back and kissed him. diplomas. This meant breaking the union. Svyatoslav Vsevolodich, in an angry outburst, sent off the ambassadors, but soon changed his mind and returned them to kiss the cross to the Monomashichs in their presence "with all their will." In the same year he married his grandson, Davyd Olgovich, to his daughter Novgorod-Seversk. book Igor Svyatoslavich.

In 1192 Svyatoslav Vsevolodich with his brothers and Rurik spent the whole summer at Canet, guarding Kiev. book from the Polovtsians, after which they undertook a campaign. However, the Allies were leading. Prince, black hoods, refused to go beyond the Dnieper, and the campaign did not take place.

In 1193 Svyatoslav Vsevolodich, seeing that Rurik made peace with one of the Polovtsians, the hordes, suggested doing the same with the other, who roamed near the Russian. borders; the princes arrived to conclude peace with the Polovtsians in Kanev, where 2 hordes of Polovtsians also came, but the princes and Polovtsians dispersed home without agreeing. Rurik soon warned Svyatoslav Vsevolodich that it was necessary to prepare for a campaign against the Polovtsy or to gather forces to protect their possessions from the steppe inhabitants. Citing a poor harvest, Svyatoslav Vsevolodich refused to march. Rurik still tried to persuade the lead. Prince to military action against the Polovtsy, but Svyatoslav Vsevolodich insisted on his own, and the campaign did not take place.

In 1194 he invited his brothers, his own Yaroslav and cousins. Igor and Vsevolod Bui-Tura, in Rogov (according to other news - in Kanev) for advice about the trip to the ryaz. princes with whom the Chernihs. princes had long-standing border disputes. However, Vlad. book Vsevolod the Big Nest spoke out against this campaign, and Svyatoslav Vsevolodich was forced to obey. At the same time, the prince of Kiev. was already seriously ill and soon died.

Used materials from the book: Boguslavsky V.V., Burminov V.V. Rus of the Rurik. Illustrated Historical Dictionary.

Boris (? - 1078) (Col. VII), Prince Vyshgorodsky (1073 - 1077)

Oleg (? - 1115) (Col. VII)

Vsevolod (? - after 1124) (Col. VIII), Prince of Murom (1123 - after 1124) married to the daughter of Boleslav III (see Piast)

Rostislav (? - 1120) (Col. VIII)

Ivan (? - 1148) (Col. VIII)

Vsevolod II (1094 - 06/30/1146) (Col. VIII), Prince of Chernigov (1127 - 39), grand. Prince of Kiev (1139 - 46), married since 1116 to Agathia, daughter of Mstislav I Vladimirovich (see Descendants of Rurik)

Daughter of Izyaslav III (col. IX) wife since 1156 of Gleb Yuryevich Pereyaslavsky (? - 01/20/1171)

Daughter of Svyatosha Davydovich (Col. IX), according to some sources, the wife of Vsevolod Mstislavovich since 1123 (Col. IX) (see Descendants of Rurik)

Boleslava (? -?) (Col. X), wife of Vladimir Yaroslavovich (1151 - 1199) (see Princes Peremyshlinsky and Galitsky)

Vsevolod III Chermny (? - 1214) (col.X), pr. Chernihiv (1204 - 1210,1214), grand. book Kievsky (1206 - 1207, 1210 - 1214), first wife since 1178 Ave. Maria (? - 1179), daughter of Casimir II the Just

Euphrosinia - Theodulia (about 1212 - 09/25/1250). Her fiancé Fyodor Yaroslavovich (1219 - 5.6.1233) died before the wedding or on the wedding day (see Princes Vladimir - Suzdal). Gone into a nun

Rostislav Mikhailovich (? - c. 1262) (Col. XII) has been married since 1243 to Anna, daughter of King Bela IV of Hungary (see Hungary. Arpad). Prince of Novgorod (1229 - 1230), Prince of Galitsky (1238), Prince of Lutsky (1239), Prince of Chernigov (1240 - 1243), Ban Machevsky on the Danube (1243 -?)

Daughter of Rostislav Mikhailovich (col.XIII), wife of Mikhail II Asen (1238 - 1257), Tsar of Bulgaria (project 1246 - 1257)

Bela (Col. XIII) (? - 1272), assassinated

Kunguta (Kunigunda) (1245 - 9.9.1285) (col. XIII), first wife from 25.10.1261 Přemysl Ottokar II (1230 - 26.8.1278), king of Bohemia, Duke of Austria (see Bohemia (Bohemia). Przemyslids. Descendants Vladislav I)

Agrippina (c. 1250 - 1303) (col. XIII), wife since 1265 of Leszek Cherny, prince of Krakow (see Piast. Descendants of Kazimierz II the Just). In 1271 she went to a monastery, in 1275 she reconciled with her husband. In 1289 she transferred the right of inheritance to Wenzel (Vencheslav) II (1271 - 1305), the son of her sister Kunguta

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Ukraine, Chernigov

The city of Chernigov was first mentioned in Russian chronicles under 907 in the text of the treaty between Prince Oleg and Byzantium. However, it is obvious that by this time the city already existed as a settlement of the northerners. The Chernigov principality was formed in 1023 or 1024, when the Tmutarakan prince Mstislav Vladimirovich occupied Chernigov. Mstislav tried to take possession of Kiev, but preferred to conclude peace with Yaroslav the Wise. Under the treaty of 1026, the Russian land was actually divided by the Dnieper into two parts: the right bank belonged to the Kiev prince, and the left bank belonged to the Chernigov one. Mstislav died childless, and Chernigov was again annexed to Kiev. However, Yaroslav the Wise, shortly before his death distributing the inheritance to his sons, again singled out Chernigov into a separate principality. It got to Svyatoslav, from which the family of Chernigov princes came. From the two sons of Svyatoslav Yaroslavich - Davyd and Oleg - two branches of the Chernigov princes, Davydovich and Olgovichy, went. In the XI - XII centuries. their representatives claimed seniority among the Rurikovichs and took part in the internecine struggle for the Kiev great table. The older branch, Davydovichi, was cut short in 1166. The younger one, Olgovichi, split into two more: the descendants of Vsevolod and Svyatoslav.

The Chernigov table was considered the second most prestigious princely table in Ancient Rus after the Kiev one. The prince usually sat on it, the second oldest among the Rurikovichs according to the law of the forest. In terms of size, Chernigov was practically not inferior to Kiev. The sight of travelers coming to the city opened up a majestic and unusually beautiful view: over the low log buildings towered, sparkling with gold, domes of temples, towers of mansions and princely courts.

By the beginning of the XIII century. The Chernigov principality occupied a vast territory, mainly on the left bank of the Dnieper. His possessions stretched northeast to Murom and Ryazan and southeast to the Great Steppe. In addition to Chernigov, on the territory of the principality there were such large cities as Novgorod-Seversky, Starodub, Bryansk, Putivl, Kursk, Lyubech, Glukhov, Chechersk and Gomel. In 1239, Chernigov was ravaged by the Mongol-Tatars and fell into decay. After the death of Prince Mikhail Vsevolodovich in 1246, the Chernigov principality fell apart into appanages: Bryansk, Novosilsky, Karachev and Tarusa. Ruined by the Tatars, Chernigov could no longer perform the functions of a capital city, and the princely table was moved to Bryansk: local rulers began to bear the title of princes of Bryansk and grand dukes of Chernigov. In the XIV century. the crushing of the Chernigov-Seversky lands into small estates continued. In 1357 Bryansk was captured by the great Lithuanian prince Olgerd. The Bryansk principality lost its independence, but for some time it retained its autonomy as part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The last prince of Bryansk and the Grand Duke of Chernigov was Roman Mikhailovich, who was killed in 1401 during the uprising in Smolensk.

During the XIV century. the rest of the lands of the Chernigov principality were also liquidated, and their rulers became the service princes of the Grand Duke of Lithuania. In the middle of the 15th century. some of the former Chernigov lands were granted to the princes who fled to Lithuania from Moscow, as a result of which such specific principalities as Rylskoe, Novgorod-Severskoe, Bryansk, Pinsk were restored. However, already in the XV - XVI centuries. the descendants of the appanage princes returned to the jurisdiction of the Muscovite state, retaining their possessions, but becoming simple service princes.

CHERNIGOV PRINCIPALITY- an ancient Russian principality, which included lands along the middle Dnieper, Desna, Seim and the upper Oka.
Arose in the 2nd half. XI century. The core of the principality was made up of lands on which in the IX century. the Slavic tribes of the northerners lived. In the X-XI centuries. The Chernigov land was ruled by the governors from Kiev and the local nobility. The principality became isolated in 1024, after the brother of Yaroslav the Wise, the Tmutarakan prince Mstislav Vladimirovich the Brave, sat down to reign in Chernigov. After his death, the territory of the Chernigov principality again ceded to Kiev. According to the will of Yaroslav the Wise, the Chernigov land, together with Murom and Tmutarakan in 1054, passed to his son Svyatoslav Yaroslavich. In the XII century. the Chernigov princes had quite an impressive weight in the political life of Russia. They interfered in the affairs of other principalities, repeatedly occupied the Kiev table, expanded their possessions in the northern direction at the expense of the lands of the Vyatichi.
From the end. XI century. strife began in the Chernigov land. In 1097 the Seversk principality was allocated, in the XII century. Kursk, Putivl, Rylsk, Trubchevsk and others became isolated. In 1239 the principality was devastated by the Mongol-Tatar conquerors and ceased to exist.

CHERNIGOV PRINCIPALITY , an ancient Russian principality, which included lands along the middle Dnieper, Desna, Seim and upper Oka. It arose in the 1st half of the 11th century. From the late 11th and 12th centuries. was split into a number of appanages. In 1239 it was devastated by the Mongol conquerors and ceased to exist.

A source: Encyclopedia "Fatherland"

A source: Encyclopedia "Russian Civilization"

• - the name of the state formations and territories that were in the possession of the prince. In Russia, principalities were also called princes, lands, regions, less often counties. They were named after the capital city ...

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• - in the old German Empire, this was the name of an independent possession, which, according to the rank of its ruler, occupied the middle place between a duchy and a county ...
• - name state formations and territories that were in the possession of the prince. In Russia, K. were also called princes, lands, regions, and less often counties. They were named after the capital city ...

  Soviet Historical Encyclopedia

• - an ancient Russian principality, which included lands along the middle Dnieper, Desna, Seim and upper Oka. It arose in the 1st half of the 11th century. From the late 11th and 12th centuries. was split into a number of appanages. In 1239 it was devastated by the Mongol conquerors and ...

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• - Under the name of Ch. Principality in a broad sense, one should understand the entire Seversk land, in a more particular sense - the Chernigov inheritance proper. The fate of the latter is also closely connected with the fate of the entire Seversk land ...

  Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

• - monarchical state formation, headed by the Prince; K. are most typical of the period of feudal fragmentation ...
• - an ancient Russian principality of the 11-13th centuries, which occupied the territory of the northerners, partially glades, radimichs, vyatichs, etc. on both banks of the Dnieper, along the river. Desna, Seim, Sozh, the basin of the upper Oka and other cities ...

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• - Old Russian, along the middle Dnieper, Desna, Seim and upper Oka, from the 2nd half of the 11th century. From the late 11th and 12th centuries. was split into a number of appanages. In 1239 it was devastated by the Mongol-Tatar conquerors and ceased to exist ...

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• - PRINCE, -a, cf. 1. Feudal state headed by a prince. Great k. Vladimirskoe. 2. The name of some modern states. K. Liechtenstein ...

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• - PRINCIPALITY, principalities, cf. 1. The area ruled by the sovereign prince. 2. Princely dignity. ❖ The Grand Duchy - 1) the possession of the Grand Duke; 2) a large separate part of the state ...

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