How to calculate the cost estimate for the maintenance of vehicles. Pricing in construction - file n1.doc. Calculation of transportation costs
The cost of transportation is defined as the ratio of the sum of fixed and variable costs for road transportation to the amount of work performed:
, 
= 256 rubles / t. (4.1)
where: S i - the cost of transportation of 1 ton of cargo, 1 pass. etc., rubles;
З post - fixed costs for the carriage of cargo (passenger), rub. (the list of articles is given in Table 6);
Calculation of transportation costs
But did you know that it also has a tool to help you find the best solutions to solve problems? It is primarily designed to simulate and optimize various business and engineering models. Moreover, it can handle smooth non-linear and nonsmooth problems. For example, it can help you maximize your return on investment, choose the best budget for your ad campaign, create the best work schedule for your employees, minimize shipping costs, and more.
Z lane - variable costs for the carriage of cargo (passenger), rub. (the list of articles is given in Table 7);
Q - volume of work performed, t (pass.)
Table 6
Fixed costs
|
Expenditure |
Amount, rub. |
|
1. Salary of employees with deductions for social needs The note. In this example, let's find a solution for the following simple optimization problem. Let's say you own a beauty salon and you plan to provide a new service to your clients. Purpose: to calculate the minimum cost of the service that will allow you to pay for new equipment within the specified time frame. Object cell Variable cells Constraints. ... A target cell is a cell that contains a formula that represents the goal or purpose of a problem. The goal can be to maximize, minimize, or achieve a certain target value. Variable cells are cells that contain variable data that can be changed to achieve a goal. | |
|
2. Wages of auxiliary workers with deductions for social needs | |
|
3. Depreciation of buildings, structures | |
|
4. Depreciation of equipment, production equipment, tools | |
|
5. Other costs including taxes attributable to cost In this example, we have a couple of cells that can be changed. Or enter ranges manually, separated by commas. In other words, constraints are conditions that must be met. To add a constraint, follow these steps.
| |
|
7. Expenses for energy and water for industrial and domestic purposes (0.5% of the cost of fixed assets) | |
Table 7
Variable costs
At present, free tariffs are applied for the carriage of goods by road by all enterprises and economic organizations, regardless of their organizational and legal forms. Free tariffs are determined based on market conditions and are calculated taking into account the cost of transportation. The cost price may include only those costs that are defined in Chapter 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
The report will be created on a new sheet. ... First, we will find a solution to a well-known puzzle, and then we will solve a linear programming problem in real life. Our task is to correctly identify the problem. First, enter the numbers from 1 to 9 in a table with 3 rows and 3 columns.
In this example, we don't need to set any goals, so leave this field blank. Variable cells. ... This is an example of a simple transportation optimization problem with a linear target. More sophisticated optimization models of this type are used by many companies to save thousands of dollars every year.
The main parameters for setting tariff rates are, as a rule, the tonne of the transported cargo, the kilometer of the vehicle's mileage, the hour of the vehicle's operation, or a combination of these buyers. The choice of the calculation base and the type of tariffs is determined by the specific conditions for the delivery of goods, the volume of traffic and the possibilities for improving the quality characteristics of the transport process. Freight rates can be determined in various ways. The most common are the full cost method.
Problem. You want to minimize the cost of shipping goods from 2 different warehouses to 4 different customers. Each warehouse has a limited supply and each customer has a specific demand. Goal: to minimize the total shipping cost, not exceeding the quantity available in each warehouse, and to meet the demand of each customer.
This is how our transportation optimization problem looks like. We want to calculate the optimal quantity of goods for delivery to each client from each warehouse. The deliveries available at each warehouse cannot be exceeded and the quantity ordered by each customer must be delivered. These are limited cells. What's the purpose? Minimum total shipping cost. And this is our whole cell.
- What decisions need to be made?
- These are variable cells.
- What are the limitations?
To the total amount of costs (constant and variable) per unit of production, add a certain amount corresponding to the rate of return:
Rub., (4.2)
where: C - tariff for the performance of a unit of transport work, rubles;
Including value added tax (VAT), the possible price will be:
C VAT = C + Z VAT; VAT = 345.6 + 62.2 = 407.8 rubles / ton. (4.3)
To simplify our transportation optimization model, create the following named ranges. For more information, please see. For example, when calculating the minimum service cost in the discussed in this study guide, you can try a different number of projected customers per month and see how this affects the cost of the service. At the same time, you can save the most likely scenario that you have already calculated and restore it at any time.
The following are detailed instructions. 
When you decide to restore a saved script, do the following. 
It is used to solve the so-called linear programming problems - mathematical models whose requirements are characterized by linear relations, i.e. consist of a single goal, represented by a linear equation, that must be maximized or minimized. For more information, please see this page. It is used for nonsmooth problems, which are the most difficult type of optimization problems because some of the functions are nonsmooth or even discontinuous, and therefore it is difficult to determine the direction in which the function is increasing or decreasing. Evolutionary. ... And now, you might want to download the topics discussed in this tutorial and convert them for better understanding.
where: P VAT - possible price with VAT, rubles;
З VAT - value added tax, rub.
W VAT = C N VAT, W VAT = 345.6 0.18 = 62.2 rubles / t. (4.4)
where: N VAT - value added tax rate,%.
Estimated standards- this is a generalized name for a set of estimated norms, rates and prices, combined into separate collections, they serve as the basis for determining estimated cost construction
Product calculator description
However, there are so few known solutions for the German market. Please teach me better! The first version of the file is said to be complete and can be downloaded here for free.
The tab is divided into four areas
Information about your organization. Calculating the estimated price margin. ... Depending on how your company is set up, the individual calculations should be accounted for differently.The most important issue here is the issue of handling VAT. This means that you are not allowed to have VAT on your invoices. You will find all the details on this topic on the net. However, as usual, it is best to consult a tax advisor. So you're better off financially. However, this method is only allowed up to a certain threshold. Does your manufacturer accept the organization of transport and payment to the transport provider, or do you prefer to arrange it yourself?
Estimated norm- the set of resources (labor costs of workers, the operating time of construction machines, the need for materials, products and structures, etc.), installed on the adopted meter for construction, installation or other works.
The main function of the estimated norms is the determination of the normative amount of resources required to perform the corresponding type of work, as the basis for the subsequent transition to cost indicators
Data and product partners
Both have their own advantages and disadvantages. If you arrange it yourself, you can enter the details of the shipping service provider below and select the currency with which you pay it. This section is divided into three areas. In the first section, "Product Data", there are many important required fields that you must absolutely fill in to get the correct calculation.
You should also choose which sales tax rate applies to your product. The second section "Producer Details" offers you the opportunity to enter your partner's contact details. This is not important for the calculation, but it is easy to get an overview. The only required field here is currency. The tool accesses saved conversion rates that are not always up to date. You can simply enter the current course manually. Some payment methods cost extra. If this is the case with you, you can enter an interest fee for the corresponding fee.
Estimated standards are divided into the following types:
1.by application level:
state (federal) (GFSN 81); these include the estimated standards that are part of the 8th group of subgroups 81, 82 and 83 "Documents on the economy".
industrial and industrial (POSN 81); these include the estimated standards introduced for construction carried out within the relevant industry.
The third section "Delivery service data" is displayed only if you yourself decided to organize the transport. This part is similar to "manufacturer data". Now we come to the more exciting part. All results of negotiations with your manufacturer can be recorded here.
Indicate the quantity you want to calculate. My point is that you are looking for a product, make various adjustments, make it “branded” and have the prescribed labeling. For each of these steps, your producer will usually ask for an additional fee.
territorial (TSN 81); these include the estimated standards introduced for construction carried out on the territory of the corresponding constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
branded (own normative base of the user) (FSN 81). these include estimated standards that take into account the real conditions of the activity of a particular organization - the manufacturer of the work.
If there are other measures, you can enter them in "others". Packaging is a key factor in the long-term success of your product. Later, however, you may want a high quality box or other packaging. The calculation tool assumes that your manufacturer is packaging your product directly.
Accordingly, you must enter values in your manufacturer's currency. In most cases, you do not receive shipping costs as a unit cost, but as an amount. If no difference is possible, enter your values in the first field. Depending on how you selected the above shipping organization, the calculator uses the currency of the manufacturer or shipping service provider.
individual estimated standards (ISN) - If there are no estimated standards and prices in the current collections for the work technologies provided for in the project, it is allowed to develop appropriate individual estimated standards and unit prices, which are approved by the customer (investor) as part of the project (working project).
The duties and value added tax are now calculated according to the percentage you specified. If you do not obey small business rules, the import turnover tax is calculated as 0. Please note that you pay very well, but they will bring you back from the tax office later.
You can also pay the payment. They are calculated as a function of the percentages selected above. The graph shows which of the costs described above has the largest share. This will help you determine the cost savings. In this area, you must indicate the price that your client will pay.
2. by the degree of enlargement
Elemental Estimated Norms (ESN) and Unit Prices (EP). Elemental estimate standards include state elementary estimate standards and individual elemental estimate standards, as well as norms by type of work.
consolidated estimated norms (USN) and indicators (USP). The enlarged estimate norms are intended to determine the estimated cost of buildings and structures at the first stage of design, when working drawings have not yet been developed.
In this section, you will also find the second chart, namely the break-even price analysis, that is, the price you must choose to cover all your expenses. This is the point at which the turnover lines and total costs intersect. The required number of bags is also calculated based on the weight of the product. If this does not suit you, you can simply overwrite the package price manually. You may have also appointed a service provider to take on this work, before quality control or other advances are still in progress.
You can also take this into account here. Whatever happens, the cost of storage. The Product Calculator assumes that you will be charged a full month for each product you own. If you want to use them, just hack them. In any case, you should at least master this topic, as advertising can be a real boost to your sales. This value is finally the one that interests you the most! Margin shows you the amount that will end up at the end if everything works the same as in your calculation.
STS in%: Overhead costs, estimated profit, winter time, temporary buildings and structures, management maintenance, etc.
USP: UPBS (aggregated indicators of the estimated cost of buildings and structures, temporary placement points by type of work, aggregated indicators for certain types of construction.
Loading...