Modern methods of teaching preschool children to read. Methods for teaching reading to preschool children at home. Methodological basis for teaching reading by syllables

Teaching a child to put letters into words, and words into sentences, is not an easy task. On this difficult path, parents will need patience, accuracy and consistency. Today we will answer the main questions: how to teach a child to read syllables without the help of teachers, and what exercises for teaching reading at home are most effective.

Learning to read: is your child ready to learn to read?

According to psychologists, best age for learning to read – from 4.5 to 6 years. In practice, a child strives to learn to read at the age of 5 years. It is worth remembering that each child is individual in his development, and if you do not meet the generally accepted deadlines, this only means that the learning process should be postponed a little.

There are a number of factors that indicate whether a child is ready for this moment master the reading process. Here are the most important of them:

• No pronunciation problems– the child has the correct tempo and rhythm of speech, all sounds are delivered;
• No hearing problems– the child does not ask again many times, does not distort words that are easy to pronounce;
• Sufficient speech proficiency– a rich vocabulary, the ability to construct phrases and express one’s thoughts clearly for others;
• Developed phonemic hearing– the child can freely distinguish speech sounds, reproduce heard sounds, name the first/last sound in a word;
• Free orientation in space– the child clearly knows the concepts of right/left and top/bottom.

By carefully observing your child, you will notice the moment when he becomes interested in putting letters into words. The child will show familiar symbols on store signs to mom and dad, and one day he will try to read them in full. Of course, in his first attempts, the baby will probably read the word incorrectly, but this is not scary - it indicates that his brain is ripe for learning a new skill.

Known methods for teaching children to read

Moms and dads who are trying to teach their child to read as quickly as possible should be very sensitive in their approach to this important issue. To ensure that your child does not lose interest in reading from the first lessons, we invite you to get acquainted with current tips. They will help instill in your child a love of books during the learning process.

Alphabet from an early age

Let the child, from infancy, “absorb” into himself, like a sponge, the names of letters in the form of songs and games. Short, memorable poems about letters will be imprinted in the child’s memory, and by the age of two, the child will be able to quite consciously recite them. From time to time, include various songs and mini-cartoons about the alphabet, especially since in this presentation the letters are memorized effortlessly.

Unobtrusive training

For a preschooler, play is the main process through which he learns the world, including when mastering skills. Boring classes and cramming will not bring the desired result; moreover, the child may completely stop loving reading. Present information in a warm environment, patiently, and the child will learn the necessary knowledge at a pace that suits him specifically.

Exercise every day

If you started to take the first steps in reading syllables, and they were unsuccessful, it’s too early to give up. You can take a break of 1-2 days and then try again. Did your child manage to read a couple of syllables made of vowels? Great, that means initial reading skills have been acquired and need to be developed. Exercise regularly, and the results will not be long in coming.

Get interested in reading

Often, learning difficulties arise with those children who were practically not read to in childhood, and their relatives did not set their own example of reading books. It can be fixed. Stories, fairy tales, and children's fiction that are interesting to your child should appear in your home. Do family tradition– reading a short work before bed. The baby will not refuse parental attention, but interesting story will stimulate his interest in the book.

From simple to complex

It happens that a child knows the names of letters, but does not know the sounds. A child will not be able to master reading until he has learned the pronunciation of sounds well. In this case, deal with it step by step:

1. study sounds;
2. move on to reading syllables;
3. teach your child how to merge syllables.

Only after completing these three stages can you begin to learn to read full words.

Detailed video with tips from a teacher - learning to read:

First steps to reading: getting to know the letters

To teach a child to read, it is necessary to maintain an interest in books and letters from an early age. As a rule, at 2-3 years old children begin to show attention to the alphabet. It is very important for parents to provide the right developmental space at this moment.

Visualization

A child will remember the letters quite quickly if a bright poster with the Russian alphabet is in his field of vision. The baby points to the letter - say the corresponding sound. You may have to return to “A” and “B” more than once and repeat them, but this is how your baby will remember them faster. For busy parents, an interactive panel with letters will be a good help - it itself sounds the letter that the child clicks on.

Touch

To memorize the letters of the alphabet, it is important for a child to use his sense of touch. To develop your child’s abstract thinking, invite him to get acquainted with letters molded from plasticine or cut out of cardboard. Pay attention to the similarity of objects and letters - the horizontal bar looks like a “P”, and the donut is the spitting image of the letter “O”.

Tea party by letters

The process of learning letters will be very fun and tasty if you offer your child an edible alphabet. Using curly pasta, you can cook Abvgdeyka soup, and for dessert, bake your own homemade alphabet cookies.

Magnetic entertainment

With the help of a magnetic alphabet, you can turn the process of learning letters into a fun and memorable game. For example, 1-2 year old children can be lured by simply attaching a letter to the surface of the refrigerator and saying it. “Give me the letter! What do we have? This is the letter A! If your child is already 3 years old, he will enjoy playing “magnetic fishing.” You need all the magnetic letters in a container, and make an impromptu fishing rod from a stick and string with a magnet. Having caught a “fish”, pronounce its name, drawing an analogy with the word. “This is a fish F! Look how much she looks like a beetle!”

By keys

Children love to imitate the actions of adults. Let your child press buttons in an open text editor to his heart's content - he will be interested in the letters appearing on the screen. Show me how to type the simplest word “mother”. You can print out the first letter and give it to your child. Even if there is a completely unthinkable combination, this will be a kind of impetus for memorizing the alphabet. Also, to master letters, you can give your child an old computer keyboard to “tear to pieces.”

Mastering the principle of reading syllables

Children usually pronounce each sound separately, and this is understandable - it takes them time to remember what the next letter is called. The parents' task is to help the child overcome this natural difficulty.

You need to start the exercises with words consisting only of vowels. For example, AU, IA and UA. For these simple words, you need to draw/choose illustrations - for example, a girl lost in the forest (“AU!”), a baby lying in a cradle (“UA!”), and a cute donkey chewing grass (“EA!”). Ask your child not to read the inscription, but simply to sing it. You can sing slowly, “draw out” the syllable, but don’t stop: AAAAUU, IIIIAAA, UUUAAA.

On a note! Be sure to teach your child to recognize exclamatory and interrogative sentences. Use your voice to highlight the moment of exclamation; the baby should distinguish “Huh?” and “Ah!”

Don’t be afraid to return to what you have covered; continue to teach your child to read the simplest syllables. When the first sound of a syllable is a consonant, it is more difficult for a child to read it. But, nevertheless, you also need to learn to read it, without this you can’t do it at school. Let the child “pull” NNN and then put A, O, or U. The boy gives the girl candy - NNN (“NA!”). The kid is swinging on a horse - NNNO (“BUT!”). The girl took her mother’s hand - MMMA (“MA!”). Please note that the child may “pull” the first sound long enough to remember the next one.

Important! Do not rush your child if he thinks while reading a syllable that is difficult for him - when he gets a feel for the principle of adding syllables, the process of mastering the skill will go much faster.

If the child fails to read the word, then the parent should read it himself, then try to read it again with the child. Then move on to the next syllable. Regardless of success, encourage and praise your little student.

Most primers for children 6-7 years old suggest learning using syllabic tables. They are a list of various syllables that do not have a semantic meaning, but are based on visualized memorization. Example: for the letter “N” the sounds are “NA-NO-NU-NY-NI”, for “M” - “MA-MO-MU-WE-MI”, for “T” - “TA-TO-TU-YOU” -TI”, etc. Of course, such tables have a right to life, but they are not at all interesting to children. It is absolutely not necessary to force a child to read various “VU” and “VA”; it is quite possible to cope without such outdated methodological material.

Advice! A child should not get tired of reading. In the first month, read syllables no more than 3-4 times a week. Let the lessons go not in a row, but every other day. From the second or third month you can teach your child to read daily.

Games to help your child learn to read

Reading skill requires diligence and regular practice. To make learning easier, look at pictures in books, discuss the situations depicted in these pictures, and make up stories based on them. Communicate and talk more with your child - this will help him develop thinking and coherent speech.

To discover the wonderful, interesting and huge world of books, we offer you games for learning syllables, their correct pronunciation and memorization. Exercises in these games are suitable for children from 3 to 7 years old.

Note! How to quickly teach a child to read so that he does not get tired of the learning process and does not lose interest? You need to work with him regularly, but at the same time not for long. For the first lessons, 5-7 minutes will be enough. Gradually this time can be increased to 15-20 minutes. If you conduct classes in a playful way, it will be easy and not boring for your child to learn the skill of reading.

Exercises with words: strengthening the skill

As soon as the child learns to merge letters into syllables, parents can be congratulated for being halfway through the journey. Now the most important thing is to consolidate the acquired skill. In this case, fun and interesting tasks will be used.

Forming the habit of reading books from infancy

At the beginning of this part, we advise you to familiarize yourself with the experience of your mother. How to teach a child to read syllables (video):

Personal example

“A child learns from what he sees in his home.” The well-known expression comes in handy when developing a child’s understanding of the importance of reading. If the baby often sees his parents and relatives with a book, then reading will become a part of his life. Let your child know from an early age that reading is interesting, and a good book can easily replace computer game or watching a cartoon.

Vivid illustrations

When choosing a book to start reading, do not forget that pictures are important for children. Thanks to expressive, bright drawings, following the plot will be easier and more interesting for the child.

Regular reading

A love for books does not develop overnight. If an adult regularly reads short fairy tales aloud to a child, after a month or two the child himself will show more interest in the works. The first words you read are often those on the cover of your favorite book.

Possibility of choice

The child should be interested in what you plan to read with him. Already at 4 years old, a little reader is able to determine how interesting a particular book is to him. At this age, it’s time for the first trip to the library - let your child choose a book according to his own desires.

TV viewing restrictions

Reading, of course, requires certain intellectual efforts from the child. The same cannot be said about television - it literally takes away the opportunity to dream up, providing ready-made images. You shouldn’t completely deprive yourself of watching cartoons, but it makes sense to limit the time you spend behind the screen and strictly select the permitted TV programs.

Today, a child should be taken to first grade already prepared. He must know not only letters, but also be able to read. Not all children go to preschool institutions, and kindergartens do not always teach literacy and letters. Therefore, very often parents are faced with the question of how to teach their child to read syllables at home.

Many questions immediately arise: where to start, what technique to choose so that it is fast and effective. The ways of learning to read by syllables are so diverse that many mothers and fathers are simply lost. Let's try to understand these issues one by one.

Is the child ready to learn?

Before starting the process itself, it is necessary to take into account the child’s psychological and physical readiness for learning. There are several basic criteria by which you can determine in what key to start, so that learning does not subsequently turn your preschooler away from reading for the rest of his life.

1. If your child speaks fluently in sentences and connects phrases logically, then it’s time. Check to see if your son or daughter understands what you read.
2. An important criterion is the ability to distinguish sounds. Speech therapists call this phonemic awareness. For example, mushroom - flu, soup - tooth, mouth - genus. Does the child understand that these words have different meanings?
3. A big problem on the path to learning can be a speech delay or incorrect pronunciation of certain sounds: if a child pronounces sounds incorrectly, then the help of a speech therapist is required. Don't expect the problem to solve itself. Take your child to classes with a specialist and attend them regularly, and also be sure to complete the tasks that the teacher gives you to independently reinforce the educational material. Speech delay, stuttering - it is necessary to show the child to a neurologist and psychiatrist. In any case, there is a reason, and it needs to be found out.

1. You should definitely teach your child where left and right are, up and down. This will help him navigate the text: which side to start reading the word from, where is the top line and where is the bottom.

When to start learning to read

Many parents are so concerned that their child will not have time to learn to read before school that they begin to literally pester the child at almost 2 years old.

• At 3-4 years old, a baby may not be interested in sitting over a book at all. And that's okay. Each age has its own tasks.
• If a friend’s child has been reading and knowing Fet and Tyutchev by heart since he was almost 2 years old, this does not mean that it’s time for you too. All children are so individual that general recommendations remain, in any case, just general. Learn to feel your child.
• At 5 or 6 years old it’s a different matter. But if the baby does not go to kindergarten or for some classes for a specific reason, then start teaching it yourself. Teach you to write in an unobtrusive manner in capital letters basic words “MOM”, “DAD”, “HOUSE”, “CAT”, your name. With minimal preparation, the child will adapt much easier in first grade.

8 basic rules for teaching a child to read syllables at home

They will help you navigate correctly and understand what is important and what is secondary. Now in more detail.

1. Start small: gradually learn letters and sounds as you walk. Draw a letter in the sand with a stick, then a syllable. The same can be done from twigs or pebbles. It will be interesting to learn to read for your little ones, guessing familiar letters, and then syllables on signs. Show that letters and words surround us everywhere.
2. A little later, the educational process can be transferred to the house. Set up a chair and table for writing and reading. Make sure there is proper lighting. Gradually teach your child to put away his notebook, pen or pencil. Books need a small shelf. Teach your child to clean up after themselves and be organized. All this must be done in a relaxed manner. At first, 10 minutes a day will be enough for the baby.
3. Read with pleasure for yourself. Develop a reading culture in your family. Discuss what you read with your child. Ask the younger ones questions: who is drawn in the picture? Who is the story about? When the baby grows up, you can ask more complex questions: why did the hero of the fairy tale act this way? What would you do in his place?
4. It would be more correct to start from simple words to more complex ones. Start with words where the syllables are repeated: ma - ma, pa - pa, ba - ba, dya - dya. Then move on to complex ones: kosh - ka, de - re - vo, de - ti, ve - ter.
5. Buy several sensible textbooks: a primer (author N. S. Zhukova), Favorite ABC (Irina Solnyshko), primers whose authors are N. Betenkova, V. Goretsky, D. Fonin, N. Pavlova, magnetic alphabet, cubes with letters. Draw vowel letters on cards and place them throughout the apartment. Gradually the child will remember them all. Then swap them. Then do the same with the consonants.
6. ABCs and primers require more perseverance, but they gradually teach the child not only letters, but also syllables. Associative thinking will help you quickly master the alphabet: the letter “A” is an album, “B” is a squirrel, “C” is a bicycle, and bright pictures will help you memorize faster.
7. Repeat what you have already learned. If you start studying, then do it systematically. Otherwise there will be no result. While in line or on the road, read a short book with your child. Time will pass faster, and even more usefully.
8. The most important thing is don’t force, don’t be nervous or use violence. Childhood is a golden time, don’t forget about it. It’s not at all necessary: ​​if you need and want, then your child also wants the same.

Game video Luntik learns letters and helps prepare for school. Together with him, after completing several interesting and varied lessons, the child will learn letters and alphabetical order.

Basic popular techniques

There are many different schools, individual and proprietary methods. Let's look at some that can really give results.

Zaitsev cubes

• Unlike traditional primers, this method allows you to master not only individual letters, but also combinations of consonants and vowels, individual letters, as well as the use of soft and hard signs. There are 52 cubes in total.
• During the game, the baby can not only form various words, but also understand what voiceless and voiced consonants are. The cubes with images of consonant sounds are filled with pieces of wood, and those with images of voiced sounds are filled with metal parts.
• As an appendix, there are tables that also have syllables. The main rule is that you should not read, but sing.
• The cubes vary in size: large cubes depict hard combinations and consonants, and smaller cubes depict soft consonants.
• The disadvantage of this method, judging by the reviews, is that already at school the child may have difficulties parsing the word by its composition, and also, some children subsequently simply “swallow” the endings. Well, a plus: children quite quickly and in a playful way master the alphabet and reading syllables.

Montessori reading instruction

The whole process is not entirely traditional: first we write, and then we learn the letter, and then the syllable. The advantage of the method is that everything is presented in the form of a game. First, the letters are shaded and circled, and then their pronunciation is learned. Letters are cut out of rough paper. The same letter can be drawn, for example, on semolina. The disadvantage of this technique is that you will have to prepare a lot of material for training.

Dynamic Chaplygin cubes

The set includes 10 cubes and 10 blocks that move. The child’s task is to make a pair of a vowel and a consonant. They are depicted on each side of the cube. Each dynamic block includes a consonant and a vowel.

Also popular are V. Voskobovich’s “Folders” and “Towers,” as well as Doman’s Cards.

Conclusion

I hope that after reading the article, the question of how to teach a child to read syllables at home will not cause you confusion. And you will determine for yourself exactly how to organize the learning process for your son or daughter. To make it easier for you to create an action plan, here are some more recommendations:

• Before you start learning, make sure your child is really ready for it. Don’t force, try to provide training, especially on initial stage, in a playful way.
• Despite many methods, first of all, a child needs happy and loving parents. If you have established contact with your baby, then any method of teaching will bring results.
• Start small, gradually move on to more difficult ones. If you have started learning, then don’t be lazy and don’t stop, only then can you learn to read. Even if everything goes well, don't forget that your favorite student is just a child and sometimes just wants to play or run around.

Good luck and patience!

Your Tatyana Kemishis

Almost each of us today can remember the famous blue primer with which we learned to read. But time passes, and the presented tool loses its relevance, giving way to special methods of teaching children to read. Today you can find many such methods, but we will tell you about the most popular ones, and also point out their main advantages and disadvantages, if any. Of course, we will say a few words about the primer, and also introduce the benefits of practical methods for teaching children to read, collected in this course by the 4Brain team. But, as is our custom, let’s talk about everything in order.

To begin with, it would not be amiss to note once again that it is recommended to teach children to read no earlier than 4-5 years old, but cases are not excluded when children begin to master this skill earlier (we talked about indicators of children’s readiness for reading in the first lesson). The author's methods that we will talk about are designed for early, i.e. initial training children.

Methodology of Nikolai Zaitsev

The meaning of this system of teaching reading, which has been used for over 20 years, is for children to learn not letters and sounds, but words. The toolkit includes static cubes that help the child master the phonetic composition of the language. In addition, didactic material is presented in 12 groups. There are gold, iron and wooden cubes with a variety of fillings. By playing with them, the baby masters the differences between vowels, consonants, voiceless, soft and hard sounds. In addition to the cubes, the set includes special tables placed on the wall slightly taller than the baby’s height, and audio recordings.

When teaching a child to read, parents sing, rather than pronounce, the letters. This technique is called “singing”. And tables are used for better assimilation of the material. The result of regular classes according to Zaitsev’s method is that the child fluently remembers more than 240 vocabulary of the Russian language.

It is important to say that Zaitsev’s cubes have shown themselves to be successful when working with left-handed people and children with psycho-emotional disorders. The speed of learning always depends on the age of the little students. For example, if a child is over 3 years old, he will learn to read within six months with lessons at least 2 times a week for 15-30 minutes.

Teachers highlight both positive and negative aspects of Zaitsev’s methodology (further we will also provide information based on the opinions of teachers).

Advantages of the technique:

• Children remember letter combinations in a playful way, and they do not need to think about how to read this or that letter
• The combinations of letters depicted on the cubes simplify the process of children mastering writing in the future.
• The technique has no age restrictions
• The child can play with the blocks independently
• Cubes develop fine motor skills and sense organs

Disadvantages of the technique:

• Children who have learned to read using Zaitsev’s method swallow some endings
• When studying warehouses, children have difficulty understanding the composition of a word
• Due to the color design of the cubes, children in the first grade have difficulty with phonetic analysis words
• The method is inconsistent
• Adequate preparation is required to begin classes.
• Teaching aids are expensive

Glen Doman Method

Glen Doman's method is based on the child's automatic acquisition of whole words, which is achieved through the use of special cards with words and sentences. While working with children, parents show them specific cards for 15 seconds and loudly call out their meanings.

Classes are held daily for 5-10 minutes, as a result of which the child not only develops intellectual abilities and photographic memory.

Advantages of the technique:

• The technique can be used from a very early age
• Classes can be organized independently
• Didactic material can be made independently
• Diverse development of the child (cards can be devoted to a variety of topics)

Disadvantages of the technique:

• During classes, the child takes a passive position
• The child does not master independent reading skills (the learning process is limited to the perception and analysis of information)
• Impossibility of manifestation of creativity in the learning process
• Uniformity of the learning process
• The need to change the material provided daily
• Children over three years old are reluctant to accept the technique.

Methodology of Pavel Tyulenev

This technique is known as “PEACE”. The author describes it in detail in his book “Read Before You Walk.” The author points out that children can easily form words from letters by the age of one year, and read fluently by the age of two.

To achieve this result, it is proposed to work with the baby from the first months of birth, showing him cards with letters and voicing them loudly. Special attention should be devoted to the first four months of a child’s life - it is during this period that his brain is most receptive to graphic images.

In addition, it is very important that during classes the child is not distracted by foreign objects, such as toys. Thanks to this, it is possible to create a developmental environment that promotes active learning in the future.

Advantages of the technique:

• Ease of use and no requirements for special tasks, exercises and tests
• Classes can be organized independently
• Suitable for all children and does not require much time

Disadvantages of the technique:

• There is not enough material to talk about the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the method
• Difficulty of access to didactic material (according to the author, all materials contain a certain secret)
• Possibility of ordering didactic material only on the author’s website
• During the learning process, the figurative and sensory-motor stages of the baby’s development are skipped

Methodology of Elena Bakhtina

Elena Bakhtina’s methodology is headed by, and the methodology itself is often called the “living alphabet.” The author claims that learning should begin with letters, and continue with the study of syllables. But the peculiarity of the system is that all the letters correspond to their own unique images, which is why children study the primer compiled by Bakhtina with great pleasure and subsequently do not confuse the letters at all.

The result is guaranteed after a week of classes, and the reading skill, according to the author, is mastered by children aged 2 years in just 4 months. Elena Bakhtina also believes that reading from an early age gives children the opportunity to draw from books the same amount of knowledge as from TV.

Advantages of the technique:

• Ease of use
• Possibility of using creative approaches
• Child’s interaction with different objects (photos, drawings)
• Can be used from a very early age
• The opportunity to practice not only at home, but also on the street
• Many positive reviews from parents

Disadvantages of the technique:

• The need for constant repetition of the material being studied

Methodology of Evgeny Chaplygin

The author of this technique developed the “I Read Easy” cubes. Similar to Zaitsev's cubes, they help children learn to read syllables. They are designed for children from 3 years old, but younger children can also use them if they can speak and connect what is spoken with what is written.

The difference from Zaitsev’s method is that the emphasis is on the play component of the classes. The result is guaranteed by the author after the first lesson, and after a few days the child will begin to read independently.

The teaching material consists of 10 wooden cubes, 10 double cubes and a cheat sheet for moms and dads, which describes the activities. By the way, Chaplygin’s cubes have already found widespread use in preschool centers.

Using letters placed on the faces of the cubes, tens and hundreds of words are composed. In addition, it is possible to compose sentences and even fairy tales. How this is done is written in a cheat sheet.

Advantages of the technique:

• No distracting elements like pictures
• Ease of use
• Can be used from a very early age
• High efficiency and wide application
• Availability of auxiliary materials in the kit

Disadvantages of the technique:

• Didactic material cannot be compiled independently
• Lack of contextual information on the dice

Methodology of Vyacheslav Voskobovich

The presented technique, called “Warehouses,” is a game designed to work with children 3-4 years old using the warehouse system that is already familiar to us. The manual consists of 21 cards with warehouses in the form of vertical columns located on both sides of the cards. Houses are made from two columns, and the images of these houses are created by drawings illustrating the entire educational system.

For example, in the city of Skladinsk there are 20 houses, the inhabitants of which are songs about different characters. When singing such songs, parents initially show the child the warehouses, and then point their finger at them. During the lessons, it is necessary to ensure that the child has a good knowledge of warehouse songs, because This is a special tool for a child to master reading skills. You can accustom your child to a specific location of warehouses, and then he will learn to find the necessary elements himself.

Advantages of the technique:

• Multifunctionality of games
• Children don’t get bored with games for a very long time
• Benefits can be of several levels of difficulty
• Possibility of application to children different ages
• Ease of use

Disadvantages of the technique:

• Didactic material cannot be made independently
• The need to study the work system and examples of methodological tales

Maria Montessori Method

The basic principle of the Montessori method is teaching children to independently study the environment, ensuring freedom and naturalness in development. Based on the author’s ideas, a child’s personality always strives to learn, and the child himself is able to determine what he needs for learning.

The main idea of ​​the system is direct contact of the baby with all kinds of materials. During classes, the parent takes the position of an observer. His main task is to guide the child’s actions, and when he chooses an activity or subject that interests him, the parent just needs to watch what his child is doing.

In its traditional form, the Monessori technique is designed for children over 3 years old, but in a slightly modified form it is also applicable to younger children. As for classes, they take place continuously for up to 3 hours. During the process, the child is absolutely not attached to the place, objects and actions.

Advantages of the technique:

• The child can learn without parental intervention and at a pace that is convenient for him
• The main way of learning is knowledge through discovery
• The technique gives the baby freedom
• A child's intellectual abilities develop through sensory perception
• Excellent training
• The technique develops children’s ability to make independent decisions

Disadvantages of the technique:

• The need to study the work system in detail using specialized materials
• Insufficient development of creativity and imagination in children
• Lack of information base for the child contained in fairy tales, pictures, etc.
• No need for the child to make efforts to study, which can negatively affect the character and abilities in the future
• In some cases, it is necessary to contact specialists using the Montessori method

Primer

Considering the primer as a method of teaching children to read, we can only say that this method is classic. The presented type of manual is interesting because it includes many pictures and images. And the principle on which the primer is built is this: in the process of studying the manual, the child masters the skill of combining syllables into separate words.

At the same time, the baby has the opportunity to study special sentences where there are all kinds of combinations of vowels and consonants. It is extremely important that the primer contains information about all the letters and their connections. Only by repeatedly adding syllables does a child learn to read correctly and understand the principles of reading.

Advantages of the technique:

• Availability
• Wide variety of benefits
• Ease of use
• Opportunity for the child to work independently

Disadvantages of the technique:

• The monotony of the learning process
• Inability to apply creativity and creativity

Thus, we have looked at the most popular methods of teaching children to read. If you wish, of course, you can find several more varieties of them, but we decided that these are quite enough.

You have the right to use any method you like when working with your child, and the endless expanses of the Internet and a lot of literature on this topic will help you understand in more detail and get answers to all your questions.

However, we want to tell you that a completely worthy alternative to the above-mentioned methods is the course we have developed for teaching children to read.

Development by 4Brain

In the course we prepared, we collected the most effective information, in our opinion, from most of the available methods, slightly reworked and adapted it for better perception and, of course, systematized it.

In addition, many tips, exercises, methods and recommendations have been tested by members of the 4Brain team on personal experience. Therefore, if you want to get acquainted with a full-fledged tool that would help you teach your child to read, and also if you do not want to spend invaluable hours searching for additional information and scrupulously studying any methods, this course is just for you.

Continue to get acquainted with our course - in the third lesson we will talk in more detail about what you should pay attention to when teaching children to read, and we will move directly to practice - we will introduce you to one of the easy ways to teach a child to read. And lessons from four to ten will be exclusively practical in nature.

Test your knowledge

If you want to test your knowledge on the topic of this lesson, you can take a short test consisting of several questions. For each question, only 1 option can be correct. After you select one of the options, the system automatically moves on to the next question. The points you receive are affected by the correctness of your answers and the time spent on completion. Please note that the questions are different each time and the options are mixed.

• Does your baby absolutely not want to look at the letters in the alphabet?
• Is your child about to start first grade, but can he be forced to read only under pain of being “excommunicated” from the computer?
• Don’t know how to organize classes with a preschooler in such a way as to save your nerves and not completely discourage his interest in reading?

These and other problems in teaching preschoolers to read can be solved by organizing classes in a playful way. For children preschool age play is the leading form of activity. Therefore, engage with your preschooler by playing different games, is the simplest and effective method teach him to read.

Before we talk about what games are best to play with your child when learning to read, we will give some general tips on organizing classes.

1. Exercise regularly! Let the classes be short (5-10 minutes), but daily. This is much more effective for preschoolers than 45-minute lessons once a week.
2. Exercise everywhere. To learn to read, you don't necessarily have to sit your child at a table with books. You can learn letters in the park while taking a walk, drawing them with chalk on the asphalt or looking at signs, helping mom make cookies in the shape of letters, or studying license plates of cars in the parking lot, etc.
3. Exercise when your child feels well: he has slept, is active and is ready for new games and activities.
4. Constantly create situations of success for your child, praise him more often, focus his attention on what he has accomplished, and do not dwell on failures. Classes should be a joy for the child!

And one more thing you definitely need to know when starting to learn to read is in the article on.

What games can be played at different stages of teaching preschoolers to read?

1. Studying letters.

If a child has trouble remembering letters, The best way to learn them is to “revive” them, to create a vivid association with each letter. You and your child can come up with what this or that letter looks like, or use a variety of materials from the Internet and modern alphabet books.

For example, bright, memorable images of letters for children can be found in Elena Bakhtina’s primer (this book contains not only colorful pictures and recommendations on how to tell a child about each letter, but also colorful templates - letters from this primer can be cut out and played with) .

On the Internet, you can find a lot of coloring pages for children with letters similar to this or that object.

It is also useful in the process of learning letters to repeat short verses that help you remember each letter:

Do you see the tail at the end?
So this is the letter C.

The letter B is like a hippopotamus –
She has a big belly!

G looks like a goose -
The entire letter was bent.

D - a tall house with a roof!
This is the house we live in.

And the poor letter Y
He walks with a cane, alas!

In my work, I use various “reminders” that children associate with one or another letter. You can actively use them in home lessons or come up with your own.

It is very useful to have a special notebook or album in which the letter you have learned will “live” on each page. In this album you can also teach your child to write, paste pictures with words on the desired letter, add poems and coloring pages, creating a selection of materials for each letter. Children are very fascinated by the process of joint creativity, so actively involve them in creating such an album.

Another option is to make a letter house. Choose any size: it can be very small, made from a couple of cardboard sheets, or huge, as tall as a child. The main thing about it is the special pocket windows for letters. In each “apartment” of the letter house, place a letter with your child. To do this, you will need cardboard letters slightly smaller than each window. Mark in any way which apartments already have “residents” and which ones are still empty.

Attach the already learned letters to the outside of the windows (using paper clips) and invite the child to arrange pictures with words into the studied letters in the windows. For example, “treat” the letters: give the child images of products that he must distribute to the desired “apartments”: put a watermelon/apricot in the window with the letter A, a loaf, an eggplant - in the window with the letter B, waffles / grapes - with the letter B and etc.

Similarly, you can visit letters with fairy-tale characters (Pinocchio - to the letter B, Thumbelina - to the letter D, Mowgli - to the letter M, etc.), “dress” the letters (take the T-shirt to the letter F, jeans to the letter D, pants - letter Ш, etc.).

The main goal of this game is to teach the child to identify the first letter in a word and easily recognize letters already completed.

Various lotto and domino games are also great for learning letters. It is better to use lotto without picture prompts, this way learning will be much more effective. You can easily make such a lotto yourself. To do this, prepare sheets with 6-8 pictures on each and cardboard cards with in the right letters. Let the child draw cards, read the letters and show which player has the picture for the dropped letter.

2. Add the syllables.

Teaching your child to form syllables may take a little longer than learning letters. The child will have to repeat various syllables many, many times before he masters this skill. So that learning is not a burden for him, but a joy, we continue to play with him. Only now we are playing games with syllables. The main task of this stage is to teach the child to pronounce two letters together.

In addition to syllable lotto, which can be made using the same principle as letter lotto, you can use other homemade games for children to teach them how to add syllables.

— Adventure games (“tracks”).

Adventure games have been and remain one of the most exciting games for children. To make such a game with syllables, take a playing field from any board game. Write various syllables in the empty cells/circles (write in more of those that are difficult for the child). Then play according to the usual rules: roll the dice and go through the squares, reading what is written on them. This way, the child will be able to read fairly long passages with syllables that he would “overcome” in a regular primer with great difficulty.

By analogy with adventure games, you can make various tracks with syllables on which different vehicles: whoever completes the track without making mistakes and as quickly as possible. To do this, you will need cardboard / whatman paper on which a route with syllables will be drawn, and toy cars / trucks / trains / airplanes. Remember that it is very easy to captivate children by adding a competitive aspect to the lessons.

— Games “Shop” and “Mail”.

Prepare coins - circles with written syllables, as well as goods - pictures with products / things that begin with these syllables. You play first as a seller: invite your child to buy something from you on the condition that he will offer the correct coin for the selected product (for example, he can buy cabbage for a coin with the syllable KA, kiwi for a coin with the syllable KI, corn for a coin with the syllable KU, etc.).

Then you can switch roles: you are the buyer, the child is the seller. He must carefully monitor whether you are giving the correct coins for the selected product. Sometimes make a mistake, let your child correct you. The buyer can also be any toy; invite your child to teach her how to correctly name coins with syllables.

A very similar game is “Mail”, only instead of coins you prepare envelopes with syllables, and instead of goods - pictures with animals or fairy-tale characters. The child will be a postman, he must guess from the first syllable written on the envelope who the letter needs to be delivered to. In this game, it is best to read syllables that begin with the same consonant, so that the child does not guess the recipient by the first letter.

— Houses with syllables.

Draw several houses, write one syllable on each. Place the houses in front of the child. After that, take several figures of people and, calling the name of each of them, invite the child to guess who lives in which house (Vasya needs to be placed in the house with the syllable VA, Natasha - with the syllable NA, Lisa - with the syllable LI, etc.) .

Another option for this task: let the child come up with names for the little men, place them in houses and write the first syllable of the name on each of them.

Prepare cardboard cards with syllables, cut them into two equal halves horizontally. The child must put these “puzzles” together and name the resulting syllables.

Take several cards with two-syllable words (for example, FEATHER, VASE, CLOCK, FISH). To the left of the picture, place the first syllable of the word. You need to read it clearly, and the child must choose the last syllable correctly. 3-4 possible endings are laid out in front of the child.

More games for learning to read by syllables are in the article on.

3. Read words and sentences.

Learning to read words (and then sentences) presupposes that preschoolers are already actively working with books, but this does not mean that we stop playing in class. On the contrary, “dilute” learning with games as often as possible, switch from one type of activity to another so that the child gets less tired and learning goes more efficiently. Remember: it is not enough to teach a child to read, it is important to instill in him a love of reading.
What games can be offered to parents of preschoolers at this stage of learning to read?

Lay out a trail of words in front of your child. Invite him to choose only “edible” words (or things that are green / things that have round shape/ only “live” words, etc.). If the track is long, you can take turns reading the words with your child.

Place cut out traces with words around the room (you can use ordinary sheets). Invite your child to walk from one end of the room to the other following these tracks: you can move further only by reading the word you are standing on. The child walks on them himself or with his favorite toy.

- Game "Airport" or "Parking".

In this game we train the attentiveness of preschoolers. Prepare several cards with very similar words so that the child does not guess the words, but carefully reads them to the end (for example, MOUTH, HORN, GROWTH, HORNS, ROSE, MOUTH, DEW). Place the cards around the room. These will be different airports/parking spaces. The child picks up an airplane (if you play airports) or a car (if you have a parking lot), after which you loudly and clearly call out exactly where he needs to land/park.

— Chains of words in which only one letter changes.

Prepare sheets of paper or an easel. Start writing a chain of words one at a time - change only one letter for each subsequent word, this will train your child to attentive, “tenacious” reading.

Examples of such chains:

• WHALE - CAT - MOUTH - ROS - NOSE - CARRYING - DOG.
• BOARD - DAUGHTER - NIGHT - KIDNEY - KIDNEYS - BARRELS - BARREL - HUMMUM.

Games with a ball, with your favorite toys, to school, hospital or kindergarten - include all this in the process of learning to read. Actively come up with games yourself. Consider what your child is interested in and use that when you sit down to read with your child. Does your daughter love princesses? Ride a carriage along paths with letters/syllables/words. Does your son love superheroes? Make a training track for his favorite character. Invite your child to play school and teach his teddy bear to form two letters into a syllable.

Change the games, carefully monitor what your child likes and what he gets tired of quickly, and then learning will be a joy for you and him! Remember that it is not at all difficult to interest preschoolers; they love to play and will be happy to help you come up with new games during the learning process.

Philologist, teacher of Russian language and literature, teacher preschool education
Svetlana Zyryanova