What is fine motor skills in children. What is gross and fine motor skills? What is fine motor skills, its meaning

Most babies are big fans of grabbing, trying to touch, crushing or tearing. Many parents try to rid their child of these habits, but in vain. Translate the desire of children to act with their hands for good.

In the process of actions with fingers, the active work of the speech centers of the child's brain begins. Don't restrict your baby. Prepare items that are not a pity, let the child wrinkle and tear them with pleasure. The smaller the resulting pieces, the better.

You can play with different items. Perfectly contribute to the formation of fine motor skills classes with cereals, beads, coins. Such games can be played with children over three years old and only under adult supervision. For kids, manufacturers have already come up with a lot of special soft toys that are filled inside with small balls.

Drawing and modeling

Children's plasticine is an excellent tool for the development of fine motor skills. Give preference to modeling mass, which is made of safe materials, easily kneads and does not dry out. Invite your child to mold their favorite toy, animal, fairy-tale character. Toddlers can simply knead plasticine in their hands, any actions with fingers with effort help to form speech.

Drawing should be unusual. Try to paint a picture together not with an ordinary brush, but with your fingers. This method is within the power of even the smallest. Surprisingly, the drawings are no worse. And the benefits of such drawing are much greater.

Toys with laces and buttons

Get ready-made toys equipped with threading laces and large buttons. Practicing fastening, unbuttoning, getting a button into a buttonhole or a lace into a hole, the child imperceptibly trains manual skills. In a playful way, the baby acquires the necessary skills, and the mother gets some free time.

natural material

Children are very fond of collecting cones, chestnuts, acorns. Going to nature in autumn, do not forget to pick up a lot of forest gifts. At home, be sure to dry all the collected material, put it in an elegant box and put it in the nursery. You will smile, but from simple things, the baby can come up with many different crafts. Even a simple shifting of forest "treasures" from place to place is of great importance.

For the development of fine motor skills, it is not at all necessary to buy special aids that are not cheap. Improvised materials, used correctly, give the same effect. Turn on the fantasy, show the baby how to interact with objects around. Your desire and his curiosity guarantee the success of the future development of the child.

Many modern mothers and fathers have already managed to get acquainted with the concept of "fine motor skills of hands." Trying to positively influence the development of the child, parents stubbornly slip sorters and finger labyrinths to the baby, and with older children they draw and sculpt all day long.

But how do you know if the actions taken are correct? Does the degree of load correspond to the age of the baby and do the exercises bring the desired effect? To answer these and other questions, you should take a closer look at the topic.

General concept

Motor skills are a set of body movements performed under the control of the psychological reactions of the body. The motor processes that a person owns give an idea of the level of development of his coordination and intelligence.

Psychologists classify it into several types:

General, or large, motor skills are responsible for the movements of a group of muscles. An example of such an activity is running or squatting.
Fine motor skills - movements of the hand or fingers. Developed motor reactions of the hands help us lace up our shoes or lock the door with a key. Fine motor skills include actions in which it is necessary to combine the movements of the eyes and hands, as in drawing, for example.
Articulatory motility is the ability to coordinate the work of the speech apparatus, that is, to speak.

A bit of physiology

Being engaged in the study of issues of child psychology and pedagogy, scientists came to stunning conclusions. It turns out that about a third of the cerebral cortex is responsible for the development of hand motor skills. In addition, this third is located as close as possible to the speech center. A comparison of these facts gave grounds to consider the motor activity of the hands and fingers responsible for human speech.

In this regard, the development of fine motor skills of the hands of a young child is one of the fundamental tasks in teaching speech skills. Of course, along with the improvement of articulatory activity. The results of many years of experience prove that the conclusions of scientists were correct.

In addition to the above dependence, fine motor skills have a direct impact on the formation of logic, thinking skills, memory strengthening, training of observation, imagination and coordination. Children who have better control of their hands show perseverance and get tired more slowly.

Fine motor development calendar

At every age, a child is able to perform certain actions. New opportunities appear in him as the nervous system matures. Each new achievement appears due to the fact that the previous skill was successfully mastered, therefore, the level of motor skills formation must be monitored.

0-4 months - the child is able to coordinate eye movements, tries to reach objects with his hands. If you manage to pick up a toy, then the squeezing of the hand occurs, rather, due to reflexes that fade away up to six months. The baby does not yet have dominant preferences that allow performing actions with a more “comfortable” hand, and they will not appear soon - he is still both “right-handed” and “left-handed”.
4 months - a year - the child's skills are actively improving, now he can shift objects from hand to hand, perform simple actions like turning pages. Now with two fingers the baby will be able to grab even a small bead.
1-2 years - the movements are more confident, now the child uses the index finger more actively. The first drawing skills appear - the baby displays dots and circles, and soon he will be able to draw a line on the sheet with a pencil. Now he begins to prefer one hand over the other.
2-3 years - hand motor skills allow you to hold scissors and even cut paper with them. The manner of drawing changes along with the way the pencil is held, and the first conscious figures appear on the sheet.
3-4 years old - the kid already draws confidently, knows how to cut the sheet along the drawn line. He has already decided on the dominant hand, but in the games he skillfully uses both. Soon the child will learn to hold a pen or pencil, just like an adult, so by the age of 4 he will be ready to learn writing skills.
4-5 years. Fine motor skills of hands in children of this age already resemble the movements of adults. Please note: while drawing or coloring, the child does not move the whole arm at once, but only with the brush. The movements are more refined, so cutting out an object from paper or decorating without going beyond the contours is no longer so difficult.
5-6 years. At this age, the preschooler's hands should be perfectly coordinated, the child already holds the pen with three fingers, draws small details, like an adult, knows how to use scissors. All the skills of the baby indicate that he will not experience difficulties at school.

Low level of motor development - what is it fraught with?

Insufficiently formed motor skills of the hands impede not only the development of speech skills. Such a child may experience problems with memory, logic. If this is a preschooler, then he needs urgent help, because he will be absolutely not ready for school. Such a student will have difficulty concentrating, he will quickly get tired and will inevitably begin to lag behind.

When and how to start working with a baby?

From birth, you can begin to pay attention to the development of the baby. Of course, a newborn is not interested in a sorter or a toy with lacing. But you can start putting rattles in his handle, let him touch the fabrics of different textures with his fingers, give the baby a massage of the handles.

The age at which the active development of motor skills of the fingers is important is determined - 8 months. If until now this issue has not been given attention, now is the time to take some action.

Exercises

To arrange real classes with her own baby, mom does not need professional pedagogical skills. For exercises, the simplest items that can always be found in any home are suitable. The main principle on which the development of hand motor skills is built is “from large to small”. What is it expressed in?

Start rolling plasticine balls with your child. Let the kid blind something. If he can do it, you can gradually move on to smaller and more complex details.
You can just tear the paper. First into large pieces, then into small ones. The finer the details in the end, the higher the level of development of motor skills in the child.
Together with the baby, you can string beads on a thread, tie shoelaces, fasten buttons.

Passive gymnastics (massage)

An excellent assistant in the development of coordination of the child is a competent massage therapist. An experienced specialist will help from the hands of the baby. You can start classes already in the first 3-4 months of the child, while sessions can be held for 5 minutes up to several times a day.

It is better to entrust massage sessions to a professional, but if necessary, some exercises can be performed independently. So, the baby's hands need to be stroked for a minute, then slightly rubbed. Then make vibrating tapping fingers on the hands and palms. Another effective massage exercise is flexion and extension of the fingers, followed by massaging each.

Toys

Toys for hand motor skills are sold in large quantities in children's goods stores. They even come with instructions indicating the recommended age and a description of the game process. But you don't have to buy anything at all. You can play with any objects - almost any thing in the house (safe for the child) is suitable for the development of motor skills.

A do-it-yourself board for the development of motor skills, or a Montessori board, is a great gift for a baby aged from one to 3 years. Dad can make such a toy. To do this, you need a sheet of plywood and the most dangerous items in the house: a socket with a plug, furniture fittings, switches, latches and other household items. The meaning of the toy lies in the child's knowledge of such things in their safe form. After getting acquainted with the socket on the stand, the baby will not become interested in the real one, and by feeling these objects with his fingers, he will develop the motor skills of his fingers.

If your beloved child is already 3 years old, then you can offer a game of Cinderella. To do this, various cereals or legumes are poured into the bag, and the child is given the task to sort through everything.

Why not play Guess? You can blindfold your baby and take turns putting household items in his hands - let him guess them.

In addition, the child will approve of mosaic games, finger theater, joint applications. Helping your beloved child to improve himself is not at all difficult, the main thing is to slightly apply your own imagination.

Movement is life! And properly organized work of general and fine (hands) motor skills allows you to feel the joy of every movement, and hence the joy of life.

To be smart, you need to work with your hands; to work with your hands, you need to work with your head.

A strange phrase at first glance, speaks of a very close connection between the movement of the physical and the work of the brain. And understanding this connection provides a good foundation for parents to develop the intellectual abilities of their child and serious protection for an elderly person from mental degradation (and even aging).
Motility (lat. motus - movement)- motor activity of the body or individual organs. Motor skills are understood as a sequence of movements that, in their totality, are needed to perform a specific task. There are gross and fine motor skills, as well as the motor skills of certain organs.
Without an analysis of motor skills, a psychologist cannot give a complete picture of the individual characteristics of his client, whether he is a child or an adult. According to the international classification of diseases (ICD - 10), a medical diagnosis is distinguished under the label F82: "specific disorders of motor function." However, there are cases when the coordination dysfunction is minor and this diagnosis is not appropriate. But it should be borne in mind that even the slightest violation of motor skills negatively affects learning, intellectual abilities, and often emotional and general physical condition.

Why is motor skills so important in the development of a person as a person?

The fact is that the movements are controlled by the structures of the brain. From birth, when the child makes innate and automated movements, the subcortical level dominates. For more complex and conscious movements, the functioning of the cortical level (layer) is necessary. In order to trigger a more complexly organized cortical level, it is necessary to develop more complex and differentiated movements, primarily of the fingers. That is why the development of a child in the first 3 years of life is closely connected with games for training motor skills. Today, in every family, the baby has educational toys. But, many parents complain that children do not play with them. Most often, the problem is that parents do not play with their children and do not show many options for using games (unless, of course, we are talking about the developmental norm when a child is directed to interact with an adult).
Almost any violation or deviation in the development of a child is characterized by a specific symptom:

dysmotility;
awkwardness, angularity of movements;
incorrect or incomplete idea of the scheme of one's own body (location and relationships of body parts);
ignorance of the prepositions of the spatial arrangement of objects (for example, a child of the fifth year of life should know such prepositions as "behind - in front");
insufficiency of visual activity (for example, a child copies a drawing with a rotation of 45-90 °).

I will dwell on the standards of graphic (motor) skills:

at 2, the child should be able to copy a vertical line (“stick”);
in 3 years - copy the circle and plus;
in 4 g. - copy a rectangle;
at 5 years old - a square, a triangle, a cross, draw an identifiable human figure.

The situation worsens if mental development apathy is present. Don't be alarmed, it's just a term for leftism. Moreover, in this case, a person does not have to write with his left hand. Moreover, up to 7 years it is impossible to determine the leading hand with certainty. Family left-handedness also belongs to atypia of mental development.

And now, a little physiology! After all, it is much clearer to talk about an object, knowing where it is located.
Responsible for coordination of movements such departments and structures of the brain as: cerebellum (1), white / gray matter (2), frontal cortex (3), sensory zone (4), motor zone (5). Actually the sensorimotor zone encircles the cerebral cortex from the right ear to the left in the parietal region of the head (precentral gyrus). The part responsible for motor skills is located closer to the frontal part, and the sensory part (sensitive to light, sound, tactile perceptions) is about 3 cm from the crown of the head towards the occipital region. Both zones are closely interconnected and communicated by a network of neurons. This transmission of information resembles Morse code and has a millivolt electrical charge.

Pay attention to what part of the brain (both the brain and spinal cord) is occupied by the sensorimotor organization!

Take the following rapid test, which will show your level of development of motor skills, harmonious and unhindered communication of neurons in more than half of the brain regions and clearly demonstrate the principle of the relationship between the brain and movements of body parts.

Additional test effect :relieve emotional stress (during stress, a microscoric shift occurs between both hemispheres of the brain), the development of interhemispheric connections, attention and thinking.

Instruction:

the first letter of each line is spoken aloud, the rest - to yourself.
always accompany some letters with movements: L - the left hand rises to the left side, P - the right hand to the right, B - both hands rise up.

Note: the task must be performed first in the forward and then in the reverse order. If you have made more than 4 mistakes, read on and get acquainted with ways to improve brain performance.

Each part of the brain can (and should!) be developed with the help of special physical exercises. Due to the fact that the hand plays the leading role in the development and effective knowledge of the world around us, most of the ways to develop the brain are exercises for the hands.
When they say that “hands do not obey”, the connection between the hemispheres of the brain is most likely insufficient. The interaction and transmission of impulses is reminiscent of the game "deaf phone". The interhemispheric connection is strongest in youth, and the most vulnerable before 10 and after 40 years.

How to help yourself stay young, skillful and dexterous with the help of motor skills?

knitting;
martial arts;
kinesiology exercises for the development of general and fine motor skills;
simultaneous use of two hands (for example, drawing with both hands).

The brain stem sections (see 2. gray / white matter) contain sensory pathways, through these channels we receive / analyze information from the environment: we see, we feel, we hear, we feel ... When the functioning of these nominal divisions is not enough, then we have an abnormal growth teeth, dystonia (when some muscle groups are in hypertonicity, and some are in hypotonicity), a delay in the ability to generalize groups of words, impoverishment / unformed independent speech, turning figures when copying, etc. etc. Often these symptoms are accompanied by cerebral palsy.

The activation of the work of the stem departments contributes to:
- swimming, diving;
- trampolining;
- breathing exercises.

Stuttering, various types of addictions, depression and anxiety, behavioral disorders in adolescents, inability to concentrate and impaired performance with noise, lack of voluntary attention - these are just some of the signs of a dysfunctional state of the right hemisphere of the brain. By the way, it is in the right hemisphere that the department responsible for humor is located. So joke, gentlemen and ladies!

But the rhythm of the “shaken nerves” of the right hemisphere is facilitated by:

rhythm, choreography;
skiing;
tennis;
horseback riding.

Is it necessary to have serious disorders in physical development (for example, cerebral palsy, paralysis, paresis) in order to perform physical activity on various parts of the brain? I think no! Our mental body penetrates and dissolves in our physiological like sugar in water!

Things like difficulties in learning, reading, writing, concentration, poor memory, speech disorders and physical awkwardness are just sediment at the bottom of a glass of water and sugar (a mixture of our mental and physical). And the best way to get rid of it is exercise!

The video shows very clearly how the problem of neck pain is solved by softening the foot and how the specialist finds the true problem of pain. If you find it difficult to listen to the theoretical calculation () - start watching from the 6th minute! And then go back and listen to all the interviews.

Elena Kramarovskaya
What is fine motor skills and why is it important to develop it.

Recently, modern parents often hear about fine motor skills and the need to develop them. What what is fine motor skills and why is it so important?

Specialists in the field of child psychology, speech therapy have long established that the level development children's speech is directly dependent on the degree development of fine motor skills of the hand. If finger movements develop"according to plan", then and development speech is also within the normal range. If development of fingers lags behind, lags behind and speech development.

Why Are these two components so interconnected? The fact is that our ancestors communicated with gestures, gradually adding exclamations and cries. The movements of the fingers gradually improved. In this regard, there was an increase in the area of the motor projection of the hand in the human brain. Speech developed in parallel. About the same speech and fine motor skills develop in the child, that is, first start develop movements of the fingers, when they reach sufficient subtlety, begins development of verbal speech. Development movements of the fingers, as it were, prepares the ground for the subsequent formation of speech.

Scientists have proved that from an anatomical point of view, about a third of the entire area of the motor projection of the cerebral cortex is occupied by the projection of the hand, located very close to the speech zone. It is the magnitude of the projection of the hand and its proximity to motor zone give reason to consider the hand as "organ of speech", same as an articulatory apparatus. In this regard, an assumption was made about the significant influence of subtle movements of the fingers on the formation and development speech function of the child. Therefore, in order to teach a baby to speak, it is necessary not only to train his articulation apparatus, but also develop finger movements, or fine motor skills.

fine motor skills hands interacts with such higher properties of consciousness as attention, thinking, optical-spatial perception (coordination, imagination, observation, visual and motor memory, speech. The development of fine motor skills is also important because that the whole future life of the child will require the use of precise, coordinated movements of the hands and fingers, which are necessary to dress, draw and write, as well as perform a wide variety of household and educational activities.

How better develop fine motor skills? You can massage the fingers and hands of the baby, let him sort out large, and then more small items - buttons, beads, cereals. good helper in the development of fine motor skills will become a variety of educational toys which parents can make themselves.

From birth to 3 months, an adult warms the baby's hands, makes a light massage of the hands and fingers. Then he himself carries out reflex movements - grabs and squeezes the rattle, reaches for the suspended toys, touches the toy (bells, bells).

From 4 to 7 months, the child has voluntary movements - he captures soft toys, beads.

From 6 months he picks up a toy, examines it, shifts it. From 7 months old, an adult plays "Ladushki" with a child, helps to collect a pyramid, nest toys, nesting dolls, and fold cubes. The roots of all these exercises lie in folk pedagogy. For many centuries, mother or grandmother played with the baby's fingers, while saying nursery rhymes. So adults lovingly and wisely taught the child.

From 10 months to 1.5 years developing fingers, you can use the following nursery rhymes:

(we bend our fingers one by one)

This finger went to the forest,

This finger - a mushroom found,

This finger - took place,

This finger will lie tightly,

This finger - ate a lot,

That's why he got pissed off.

(touching fingers, we sentence)

This finger is a grandfather

This finger is a grandmother,

This finger is daddy

This finger is a mother

This finger is Vanechka.

(bend fingers)

From 1.5 years and older - it is useful to do finger gymnastics once a day.

Gymnastics for fingers (according to N. P. Butova)

Put your hands on the table, rotate your hands in different directions.

Put your palms together and spread the fingers.

Close the fingers, rotate the thumbs one around the other.

Straighten your palms, with the index finger of one hand press on the first phalanx of the fingers of the other hand, raising and lowering them.

With force, squeeze the fingers of the left and right hands in turn.

Rotate your fingers alternately in different directions.

Slow and smooth squeezing of outstretched fingers into a fist; the pace of the exercise gradually increases to a maximum, then decreases again.

Tapping with bent fingers on the table, at first joint, and later - with each finger separately.

Quick alternate bending of the fingers of one hand with the index finger of the other hand.

Extend your arms, shake your hands slightly, knead the wrist of one hand with the fingers of the other hand.

Thin develop hand motor skills also the following types activities:

Weaving;

modeling (from plasticine, clay);

Stringing beads on a string, beading;

Various games - lacing;

Constructors (the older the child, the smaller the details of the designer should be);

Mosaics;

Cutting from paper and cardboard;

Drawing various patterns;

To form subtle movements of the fingers, finger games can be used, accompanied by the reading of folk poems.

"The squirrel is sitting."

A squirrel sits on a cart

She sells nuts:

fox-sister,

Sparrow, titmouse,

Bear fat-fifth,

Mustachioed hare.

An adult and a child, with the help of the left hand, bend the fingers of the right hand in turn, starting with the thumb.

Girls and boys are friends in our group

(fingers are joined in a "lock").

We will make friends with you little fingers

(rhythmic touch of the fingers of the same name on both hands).

One, two, three, four, five

(alternately touching the fingers of the same name, starting with the little fingers,

One, two, three, four, five.

(arms down, shake hands).

"House and Gates"

A house stands in a clearing ("house",

Well, the way to the house is closed ("Gates").

We open the gate (palms unfold parallel to each other

We invite you to this house ("House").

Along with such games, a variety of exercises without speech can be used. escorts:

the tip of the thumb of the right hand alternately touches the tips of the index, middle, ring fingers and little finger; perform the same exercise with the fingers of the left hand; perform the same movements simultaneously with the fingers of the right and left hands;

"Fingers Say Hello"

Connect the fingers of both hands with a "house". The fingertips take turns clapping each other, greet the big one with the big one, then the index one with the index one, etc.

straighten the index finger of the right hand and rotate it; the same with the left hand; the same with two hands;

Classes for development of fine motor skills it is necessary to carry out systematically for 2-5 minutes daily. Despite the fact that at first many exercises are difficult for the child, they bring him a lot of joy, both from the results achieved and from simple communication with his mother. Finger gymnastics promotes development of fine motor skills, speech, basic mental processes, and communication. By the end of preschool age, the child's hands become more mobile and flexible, which contributes to the successful mastery of writing skills in the future.

The normal development of the child, starting from infancy, requires classes on the development of fine motor skills. Many parents have probably heard this term, but not everyone knows what it means and why classes are so necessary. Let's talk about development of fine motor skills: what is it, why are classes needed, what should they be?

Children's physiology and features of the development of fine motor skills

Gross motor skills are body movements that are performed under the command of psychoanalytic reactions in the brain center. There are three main types of motor skills:

Large. Large muscle work (jogging, push-ups)
Small. Movement of the hands and fingers. This includes combining actions (eyes + hands when drawing).
Articulation. Ability and ability to coordinate the functions of speech skills (coherent conversation).

Western scientists, having conducted research in the field of psychology, concluded that it is one third of the cerebral cortex that is responsible for fine motor skills. This part is "next door" to the brain speech center. This fact makes it possible to say that the development of fine motor skills in infants affects the formation process:

· speech skills;
memory
thinking;
logic;
imagination.

It was noticed that children who have good control over their hands are more diligent and get tired much less than children with whom no fine motor skills classes have been conducted.

A calendar of norms for the formation of fine motor skills in babies, or what and when you need to be able to?

Each age has its own norms for the development of fine motor skills, that is, the child is able to do a certain range of actions. As the nervous system matures and develops, the baby acquires more and more developmental opportunities. The formation of these skills must be monitored, since each subsequent achievement can only occur after the successful development of certain skills of one's age.

A step-by-step calendar of norms for the development of fine motor skills

4 months after birth. The first weeks of the newborn's hands are clenched into fists, and if we talk about the development of fine motor skills, then it is the unclenching of closed fists that can be called the first action in its development. All movements of the crumbs are still reflex, although the baby is trying to somehow coordinate them. Initially, he learns to control the movements of his eyes and head, then he reaches for objects with his hands, equally with his left and right, without highlighting the dominant one. Having caught the object in the palm at the reflex level, he clamps the brush.
From 4 months to 1 year. There is an improvement in the movement of hands and fingers. Initially, the baby learns to use only one hand when holding an object. Further, this item is transferred from one hand to another. By six months, he confidently holds small objects in his palm, and by 7–8 he uses his thumb and forefinger in order to pick up small toys from the floor. Actively and consciously uses hands to help oneself sit up, stand up, hold. Closer to 12 months, he can safely touch the beads. You can read more about the development of a baby of this age in the article:.
From 1 year to 2 years. Actions are getting better. At this age, the baby knows how to hold a spoon, handle it. Showing drawing skills. He can depict scribbles, dots and not quite even circles. Closer to two years, it is noticeable which of the hands is dominant. The child actively uses the index finger, showing it and touching unfamiliar objects with it.
From 2 years to 3 years. The movements involve not only the hands, but also the forearms, elbows. By the age of three, the pencil takes the correct position in the hand and the first masterpieces come out from under it in the form of straight lines, circles, ovals, squares. At this time, the little one must be introduced to scissors. Normally, when he is three years old, he knows how to cut a sheet of paper in half.
From 3 years to 4 years. The work uses the second hand. So, if a child draws with his right hand, then with his left he already holds the sheet on which he draws. He is able to color the figures, slightly going beyond the contour. It may well cut out a drawn large figure from paper. Closer to the age of four, he gets beautiful small details in his drawings.
From 4 years to 5 years. Finger motor skills are almost perfect. The kid, playing and applying drawing skills, does not use the entire hand, but only the brush. The coloring of the drawings becomes clearer and the lines no longer go beyond the contour. With the help of scissors, he is able to cut quite complex figures.
From 5 years to 6 years. Hand movements are coordinated. A pen or pencil is already confidently "lying" in the dominant hand. The kid knows how to write straight sticks in a certain field. Uses scissors well. In addition to the development of motor skills, you should think about social sociability and the education of independence. For this purpose, a pet is suitable. If your choice falls on a dog, then we advise you to read the article:.

What is the risk of this lack of development?

Insufficient level of fine motor skills slows down the process of formation of speech functions. If you do not conduct classes with a toddler, starting from infancy, then as a consequence, problems with memory and logical thinking will arise in the future. Today, there are quite a lot of devices, toys, activities that can help the baby. Parents, for their part, need to monitor the stages of development so that the child does not have problems with school performance, since the lack of development of fine motor skills leads to a lack of concentration, increased fatigue, and these indicators will inevitably lead to lagging behind peers.

How to develop fine motor skills in children ?

Starting from birth, parents should devote time to developing activities with the baby. First aid will be in putting rattles in the palms. Next, you need to let him touch different fabrics and textures. From 8 months, the following development methods can be applied.

Development of fine motor skills with massage

Carrying out a competent massage on the palms of the baby is an excellent option for developing motor skills. For massage sessions, you can attract an experienced specialist or knead the palms yourself. Manipulations begin at 3 months. For one session, 5 minutes is enough. Massage should be performed in the following sequence:

Gently stroke the child's palm for a minute;
rub your palm until warm;
· with light tapping movements of your fingers, walk along the hands and palms;
bend and unbend your fingers several times;
massage each finger individually.

Development of fine motor skills with finger games

Game No1. Okay.

Everyone remembers such words "Paladushki, patty, where they were at grandma's...". With the help of this game, the kid will learn to straighten the reflexively twisted fingers and clap his hands.

Game No2. beads

Entrust the child to sort out the buttons typed on a string or beads from small beads. Children love to touch such small objects with their little fingers. At an older age, you can invite the child to string beads on a thread or fishing line on their own.

Game No3. cereals

Such a game, in addition to motor skills, helps to become aware of tactile sensations. Pour any cereals into a bowl, buckwheat and rice are perfect. Give the bowl to the little one, let him touch it with his hands, sprinkle the cereal. You can hide in a bowl of cereal, a few small items, let the baby try to find them.

Game No4. Cinderella

After the age of 3, let your child help in the kitchen. Mix 3 types of cereals (peas, buckwheat, beans) let him sort the cereals into three different bowls.

Game No5. Guess

Blindfold the little one's eyes and give different objects to his hands, let him guess what is in his hands.

From the age of 7–9 months, you can offer your child colored paper. Let him crush it, feel it, tear it. At an older age, teach him to tear paper into strips or create applications from it. The smaller the pieces of torn paper will be, the more perfect the fine motor skills of the hands will become.

At the age of 1-1.5 years, show how to turn the pages in a book. The process will be much more exciting if the book is with bright pictures.

Exercise No3. Making a rattle

Give your child an empty plastic bottle and offer to throw small items into it. It can be beans, buttons or beads. Pour them on the table, let him take them himself and throw them into the bottle. At the end of the work, twist the bottle, let him play with the resulting rattle.

Development of fine motor skills through lessons

Drawing. Initially, this is learning to hold a pencil in your hands. Next, drawing the first sticks, dots, outlining the contours of various objects. After drawings, letters, etc.
Coloring. Teach your child to color both large and small objects. For these purposes, coloring pages, which the baby can already buy at 3 years old, are great help.
Modeling. This activity is suitable for any age. For classes, you can use plasticine, clay or dough. Initially, it is enough to roll a ball or strip of plasticine. Any preparation of a dish from dough can also be turned into an exciting game. The kid will gladly help roll out and sculpt the dough. Learn how to spend time with your baby and make memorable casts from the article:.
Cutting. Children's scissors without sharp ends can be given to a child closer to 3 years. After he learns how to handle them, give him a glue stick and colored paper. Creating an application will help develop imagination.
Embroidery. By the age of 5-6, it will be relevant to embroider with the child. More about this lesson in the article:.

Development of fine motor skills with educational toys

Finger dexterity toys. Make a toy out of empty plastic bottles of different sizes and colors. The main idea is to twist and twist the caps on these bottles.
Buttons. Teach your child how to fasten and unfasten buttons, open and close zippers. He can do it on his clothes or on yours.
Lacing. For these purposes, you can use an old unnecessary boot or make a model with lacing. Have your child lace up and unlace the laces or ribbons.
Mosaic. The main condition is that the details must correspond to age. So, small peanuts can be offered large details. Adults can purchase mosaics with small parts.
Board with items. Such a toy is made from a piece of plywood and various devices: a switch, a latch, door hinges and other parts used in everyday life. The kid feels them with interest, opens, turns them on.
Puzzles. Great for developing fine motor skills. These can be large puzzles that fold into a children's rug for the little ones. For older ones, you can use magnetic puzzles on the refrigerator. Well, for school age, standard paper puzzles with many details are suitable.
Pyramid. Such a toy develops not only motor skills, but also logic. After all, the rings of the pyramid must be folded from largest to smallest.
Constructor. For older children, a designer with small details is suitable. Such a toy trains the development of motor skills, logic, perseverance and many other skills.

If you understand, then any housework can turn into the development of fine motor skills for your child. You can train little fingers and grasping movements in all sorts of ways, the main thing is to show a little imagination. Engage in drawing, modeling, coloring with your child and in the future you will not have problems with the academic performance and development of your child.

Author of the publication: Leonid Guryev