"The Thirteenth Feat of Hercules" are the main characters. Thirteenth feat of Hercules Statement of the story 13 feat of Hercules

Fazil Abdulovich Iskander, in his work, often talks about philosophical questions that actually define our life with you and set a certain system of values for each person. In his story "The Thirteenth Feat of Hercules" (1964), under a seemingly quite ordinary story from school life, a whole complex of meanings is hidden.

The story takes place during the Great Patriotic War. The life of an ordinary school is depicted in front of the reader. The main character is a student of 5 "B" grade, who could not complete his homework in the form of solving a problem in mathematics. The boy is afraid of his teacher and decides in every possible way to prevent the lesson from taking place.

Just take a walk? No, Harlampy Diogenovich's classes could not be missed. Therefore, the hero decides to persuade the school doctor and nurse to vaccinate their class, taking up most of the lesson. His idea is being successfully implemented, but the teacher unravels the selfish plans of his student and calls his tricks "the thirteenth feat of Hercules."

The plot composition is based on the technique of retrospection. The reader gets acquainted with the events of the work from the words of an adult storyteller, who is the main character and thus a boy who has not solved the notorious problem in mathematics. It turns out that the whole story is a memory that to some extent determined the real life of the former student.

Humor in the work
Laughter episodes turn out to be important for understanding the author's artistic intent. There are a lot of them and most of them are created using the image of Harlampy Diogenovich and his students. The schoolteacher uses humor masterfully for educational purposes.

The combination of a child's and an adult's outlook on life not only gives an amazing lightness to the narrative, but also gives a greater objectivity to the problems touched upon. The unification of the protagonist and the narrator into one person allows you to more accurately convey what happened and, most importantly, to assess all this. We feel a certain respect for the teacher, a grateful attitude towards him and his educational methods, designed to ridicule the wrong actions of schoolchildren.

For example, in the episode with a late student, he compares him to the Prince of Wales, showing that coming to class later than the teacher is a manifestation of disrespect and his own licentiousness. When the cunning of the protagonist is revealed, the teacher kindly and naturally asks: "Have you swallowed an artillery shell?" His next phrase is even more anecdotal: "Then ask the military commander to de-mine you."

Irony and laughter make it possible to reveal negative aspects in the behavior of not only specific students, but also all other people. The world of a work of art becomes a kind of projection onto the entire society. After all, we all have friends who love to be late, hide cowardice with imaginary courage, rely not on our own strength, but on someone else's help.

A simple plot, irony of many events in the narrative and vivid images concentrate the reader's attention on the philosophical problems of the work. These are questions of honor, cowardice and courage, truth and lies. Another important point is to be able to look at yourself from the outside and after a while be able to assess yourself, other people and everything that happens. The narrator and the main character definitely succeeded.

Characteristics of the characters "The Thirteenth Feat of Hercules"

Already at the very beginning of the story, we understand that one of the main characters is the teacher of mathematics Harlampy Diogenovich. There is in his image something of the hero of the era of romanticism. We do not know either his past or his future. He is not like other teachers who "were sloppy people, weak of character."

Kharlampy Diogenovich was highly respected. He never raised his voice at his students, did not threaten them with the fact that he would call their parents. However, in his lessons, the guys were always quiet and disciplined. The thing is that the teacher could easily use laughter, with the help of which he showed how ridiculous or unworthy the student's behavior is.

Kharlampy Diogenovich not only gave excellent knowledge on his subject, but also constantly told his wards something instructive from mythology, expanding their horizons. The teacher was of Greek origin, although he bore a Russian name. In his patronymic there is just a reference to Ancient Greece - Diogenovich reminds of the philosopher Diogenes.

Do children resent their teacher for ridicule? No. First, they are always fair and tactful enough. Secondly, their goal is not to humiliate a person, but to show only that discrepancy between his capabilities, talent and the way he behaves now. Nobody wants to be funny, and Harlampy Diogenovich was well aware of this. As the narrator himself notes, he thereby “tempered our crafty children's souls”, exposed serious problems - be it human cowardice or a tendency to live at someone else's expense.

Another protagonist of the work is the narrator himself. He appears in two ages. Firstly, this is the same boy whose cunning was brought to light by the teacher of mathematics. Secondly, this is already an adult storyteller, taught by life experience and telling us this story.

The hero of the story is an ordinary schoolboy who is very observant, smart enough and even cunning. He easily and skillfully used circumstances (the arrival of paramedics) in order to avoid checking homework, which he himself did not complete. Couldn't he really solve this shell problem? Most likely, the hero was simply too lazy at home and did not even ask for help from his classmates, having gone to play football.

Thanks to the perspicacious and attentive teacher, he subsequently not only "began to take homework more seriously," but also realized that an act done for selfish purposes and out of cowardice could in no way deserve respect, let alone be heroic ... This is just the "thirteenth feat of Hercules."

The main idea of the story

Every reader, regardless of age, can discover the meaning of this work. The author tells a simple school story in an extremely short and at the same time interesting way. He does not read us morality, does not talk about how to act, does not set anyone as an example. However, this gives the work an even greater instructive context.

First, we understand that you need to be serious about what you do. If you are a student, it is important to approach the learning process in a timely and responsible manner. If you are already an adult, it never hurts to remember everything that your parents, educators and teachers put into you. The narrator and the main character did not forget the efforts of Harlampy Diogenovich, who, thanks to his genius and laughter, successfully instilled in his wards the foundations of morality.

We suggest reading one of the most famous works written in the form of a philosophical and satirical tale.

Secondly, F. Iskander in his work touches on an important problem - cowardice and courage. The boy acted very bravely, but what were the goals pursued by the hero - to evade responsibility, not to seem ridiculous and to present himself as a real brave man, since he was not afraid of vaccinations and injections, being a long-term patient with malaria. Only an intelligent and attentive teacher noticed that his student had acted completely wrong and helped him to realize that cunning and cowardice lead to spiritual and moral failure.

The story is not devoid of many other semantic interpretations. This is the role of the teacher in the formation of personality, the influence of childhood and school, the theme of laughter and self-irony, lies and exposure. F. Iskander managed to combine all this organically in his small and amazing work, which continued the traditions of classical Russian literature.

Option 1

A new mathematics teacher Harlampy Diogenovich appears at the school. From the first minutes of his appearance at school, he manages to establish "exemplary silence" in the classroom. Kharlampy Diogenovich immediately intrigued his pupils by the fact that he never raised his voice, did not force them to study, did not threaten to call their parents to school. His main weapon was humor. If a student was somehow guilty, Kharlampy Diogenovich joked at him, and the whole class could not help laughing.

Once a student of grade 5 "B" (from which the story is told), having not learned his homework, came to the lesson to Harlampy Diogenovich. The boy was very afraid that after leaving with his homework to the blackboard, he would become a target for his teacher's sparkling humor. Some time after the start of the lesson, the doctor entered the classroom together with the nurse, who vaccinated against typhoid among the schoolchildren. They were looking for 5 "A", but by mistake entered the parallel class. To protect himself from going out to the blackboard, the student narrator volunteered to take the doctors to lesson 5 "A". Moreover, while they were walking along the corridors of the school, the "valiant" fifth-grader managed to convince the doctors to start vaccination at 5 "B". Thus, he managed to save himself and his classmates from the inevitable deuce and humor of the teacher.

After the doctoral "executions" that disrupted the lesson, there was very little time left before the call, and during this period Harlampy Diogenovich decided to listen to the solution of the homework from our fifth grader. The hero, who had just rescued the class, did not manage to escape neither the sarcasm of his teacher, nor the laughter of his classmates. Since then, he has become much more responsible approach to homework. This feat was not out of courage, but out of cowardice, because he did not do his math homework.

Option 2

In the story of Fazil Iskander "The Thirteenth Feat of Hercules", the story is told on behalf of a boy who is studying in the fifth grade of a male school in Georgia.

The story takes place during the war. We learn about this from the narrator himself, who teases his deskmate named Adolf.

The main character of the story is a smart, mischievous and crafty boy. He, like many boys, loves to play football, sometimes he cannot cope with the task, laughs with everyone at his classmates, whom Kharlampy Diogenovich, a teacher, puts in a ridiculous position.

The hero treats his classmates in a friendly manner, with irony. The narrator is observant and accurately describes the main traits of his friends. He notices the constant well-being of Sakharov, who, even laughing, tries to remain an excellent student, notices the modesty and invisibility of Alik Komarov and the gloom of Shurik Avdeenko. But in the class, Kharlampy Diogenovich has no favorites. Anyone can be funny. And then the moment comes when the class laughs at the main character.

The main character did not cope with the math problem. Instead of asking for help from his comrades, he played football before school, convincing himself that the answer in the textbook was wrong. Then he tried to evade responsibility for his actions by tricking and deceiving doctors to give injections precisely during a mathematics lesson. When he is at the blackboard and does not find the strength to honestly admit that he has not solved the problem, Kharlampy Diogenovich understands why the doctors came to the mathematics lesson.

The teacher does not punish the student with laughter, but his cowardice. He says that the narrator performed the “thirteenth feat of Hercules,” that is, a feat that actually did not exist, which is not a feat at all. Yes, he changed the situation, but he changed it not out of noble motives, but out of cowardice.

"All the mathematicians I met in school and after school were sloppy people, weak-willed and quite brilliant."

But one mathematician in our school was different from all the others. He was neither weak-willed, much less slovenly.

“His name was Harlampy Diogenovich. Like Pythagoras, he was Greek by birth. " He appeared in our class from the new school year.

He immediately established an exemplary silence in our class. The silence was so terrible that sometimes the director

That I could not understand whether we were in place or. fled to the stadium.

The stadium was next to the schoolyard. "

Children often ran to the stadium, which greatly annoyed the headmaster. But not from math lessons!

The teacher knows how to subtly ridicule the guilty student. No one wants to be the object of his wit.

He “imperiously and calmly held the class in his hands. It was almost useless to write off from him, because he immediately recognized the written-off work and began to ridicule it.

A student who deviates from school rules is not a lazy person, not a loaf, not a bully, but just a funny person. Or rather, not just funny, for this,

Perhaps, many would agree, but some insultingly funny. Funny, not realizing that he is funny, or the last to guess about it.

The whole class is laughing at you. Everyone laughs against one. "

One day the hero-storyteller is also the object of ridicule. He failed to solve his home problem. And he brushed it off: the answer is probably wrong in the textbook!

“Next to me was a quiet and humble student. His name was Adolf Komarov. Now he called himself Alik and even wrote Alik on a notebook, because the war began and he did not want to be teased by Hitler. All the same, everyone remembered his name before, and on occasion reminded him of it.

I loved to talk, and he loved to sit still. We were put together to influence each other, but, in my opinion, nothing came of it. Everyone stayed the way they were. "

Adolf solved the problem. The hero becomes more and more uncomfortable. But suddenly a nurse looks into the classroom. Typhus vaccinations are given at school. Better vaccinations than being ridiculed for your unresolved problem!

"I was not afraid of injections, because I was given a lot of injections for malaria, and these are the most disgusting of all injections."

But white coats are looking for the fifth "A". The boy studies in the fifth "B".

- Can I show them where the fifth "A" is? - I said, impudent with fear.

This class was in one of the outbuildings in the schoolyard, and the doctor could really get confused. "

The doctor says that Class B will receive injections in the next lesson. The boy, hoping to avoid embarrassment in math class, imagines that class B goes to the museum in an organized way in the next lesson.

The doctor and nurse decide to go to the fifth "B". Many children are afraid of injections, especially Alik Komarov.

“With each passing minute he became more severe and paler. He stared at the doctor's needle without stopping.

His back was as hard as a board from the exertion. "

Alik nearly fainted during the injection. The narrator, nicknamed by the doctors "malarik", behaves heroically.

But the procedure is over.

- Open the window, - said Kharlampy Diogenovich, taking his place. He wanted the spirit of hospital freedom to leave the classroom with the smell of medicine.

- As you know, Hercules performed twelve labors. - he said. - One young man wanted to correct Greek mythology.

And he completed the thirteenth feat.

We immediately understood from his voice what a false and useless feat it was, because if Hercules had to perform thirteen feats, he would have done them himself, and since he stopped at twelve, it means that it was necessary and there was nothing climb with their amendments.

- Hercules performed his feats like a brave man. And this young man accomplished his feat out of cowardice. "

The sly guy was summoned to the board after all. In the home task, we are talking about an artillery shell.

- Artillery shell. - the schoolboy mutters.

Kharlampy Diogenovich makes fun of him:

- Did you swallow the shell? Then ask the military commander to clear you mines.

The whole class laughed.

“Sakharov laughed, trying not to stop being an excellent student while laughing. Even Shurik Avdeenko, the gloomiest man of our class, whom I saved from the inevitable deuce, even laughed.

Komarov laughed, who, although he is now called Alik, remains Adolf as he was ”.

“Since then I have become more serious about my homework. Later I noticed that almost all people are afraid to appear funny. Women and poets are especially afraid to seem funny.

Of course, being too afraid to look funny is not very smart, but it is much worse not to be afraid of it at all. "

A comment. You have read an honest story about a lie.

The hero of the story is an intelligent and observant boy. And the story is told by an adult who makes fun of himself, a little one. We see history as if with “double vision”: through the eyes of a schoolchild and through the eyes of an experienced person.

The student is afraid of the mathematics teacher and at the same time tries to outwit him. The writer who tells us this story admires the teacher, while analyzing the mechanisms by which he influences the minds and souls of his pupils.

The simplest takeaway from this story is to "take homework more seriously."

The second conclusion: the lie is exposed sooner or later, "everything secret becomes apparent." Therefore, the liar becomes a laughing stock in the eyes of his comrades. If you don’t want to blush, don’t lie!

The third conclusion: be able to laugh at yourself. Look at the situation from the outside - and a lot will become much clearer.

In Iskander's stories, warm soft humor and slightly harsher irony permeate the entire fabric of the narrative. And this gives the reader confidence that even in not very pleasant situations, you can feel the joy and beauty of life.

Essays on topics:

The mathematician Kharlampy Diogenovich was noticeably different from his sloppy colleagues. With his appearance, strict discipline was established in the class. In the classroom it was ...

"The Thirteenth Feat of Hercules", the main characters of the story by Fazil Iskander

"13 feat of Hercules" main characters

The narrator- the main character, a student of grade 5-B
Harlampy Diogenovich- mathematic teacher
Shurik Avdeenko- studies poorly. When the teacher laughs at him, calling him "a black swan", Avdeenko "sits, bending furiously over the notebook, showing the powerful efforts of the mind and will, thrown into the solution of the problem." He has a sullen, tanned face, and is long and awkward. Shurik is not even happy when he is finally given an injection. The narrator calls him "the darkest man in our class."
Alik Komarov- most of all afraid of injections. Alik's name is actually Adolf, but the war began, the boy was teased, and he wrote "Alik" on a notebook. He is a "quiet and humble student." The narrator says about him: “He was sitting over his open notebook, neat, thin and quiet, and because his hands were on the blotter, he seemed even quieter. He had such a stupid habit of keeping his hands on a blotter, which I could not wean him from. " While Alik is injected, freckles appear on his face. He is reddish, and the narrator thinks that the boy would probably be teased with a redhead if there was no real redhead in the class.
Sakharov- excellent student. Even while laughing, he tries not to stop being an excellent student. The narrator speaks of him like this: "- Correct, - he nods his head to me with such disgusting confidence on a smart, conscientious face that I hated him at that very moment for his well-being".

Each hero of this story is remembered for a long time, because the author highlights the main, main features of the hero's appearance and character, and emphasizes them, emphasizing several times Avdeenko's gloom, Sakharov's well-being and Alik's modesty and invisibility.

"13 feat of Hercules" characteristics of the main character

The main character of the story is a smart, mischievous and crafty boy. He, like many boys, loves to play football, sometimes he cannot cope with the task, laughs with all his classmates, whom Kharlampy Diogenovich puts in a ridiculous position.
The hero treats his classmates in a friendly manner, with irony. The narrator is observant and accurately describes the main traits of his friends. He notices the constant well-being of Sakharov, who, even laughing, tries to remain an excellent student, notices the modesty and invisibility of Alik Komarov and the gloom of Shurik Avdeenko. But in the class, Kharlampy Diogenovich has no favorites. Anyone can be funny. And now the moment comes. when the class laughs at the protagonist.
The main character did not cope with the math problem. Instead of asking for help from his comrades, he fell into football before lessons, convincing himself that the answer in the textbook was wrong. Then he tried to evade responsibility for his actions by tricking and deceiving doctors to give injections precisely during a mathematics lesson. When he is at the blackboard and does not find the strength to honestly admit that he has not solved the problem, Kharlampy Diogenovich understands why the doctors came to the mathematics lesson. The teacher does not punish the student with laughter, but his cowardice. He says that the narrator performed the “thirteenth feat of Hercules,” that is, a feat that actually did not exist, which is not a feat at all. Yes, he changed the situation, but he changed it not out of noble motives, but out of cowardice.
The hero experiences a variety of feelings during the development of events. At first, he resented the "wrong" task. Then his conscience calmed down. After talking with Sakharov, he got scared: “I got scared and scolded myself for first agreeing with the footballer that the task was wrong, and then disagreeing with the excellent student that it was correct. And now Kharlampy Diogenovich probably noticed my excitement and will be the first to call me. " After calling the duty officer, the hero sighed with relief, grateful to the teacher for the respite. Then he experienced cowardly hope and disappointment when "the sudden hope that illuminated our class with its snow-white robe disappeared." He became insolent with fear and boldly offered to show where the fifth "A" is, m> the same, coming up with an excuse for himself. Then he lied to the doctor that their class was going to a museum, and, cunning, convinced them to return to the fifth "B". He himself cowardly ran forward to "remove the connection between himself and their arrival." The hero felt some gloating when the nurse rubbed his back with cotton after the injection. After the doctor left the boy, anxiety arose when the teacher began to click the beads of his rosary: "I felt that there was a smell of danger in the air." From the look of Harlampy Diogenovich, “my heart hit my back with a swing,” says the narrator. He did not go out to the board, but "trudged" to it. The hero never wanted to become funny, but the teacher proved that cowardice and lies are actually funny, and no tricks will help to hide these bad qualities.
In conclusion, the narrator says: "Since then, I have become more serious about my homework and have never meddled with football players with unsolved problems."
The author is philosophical about his hero: a little aloof and ironic. At the end of the story, the author speaks not on behalf of a fifth-grader, but on behalf of a person who has already become an adult, and says that Kharlampy Diogenovich's method taught him a lot: a person with a sufficient sense of humor. "

Teacher characteristics

Mathematic teacher — «<…>there was one mathematician in our school who was different from all the others.<…>
His name was Harlampy Diogenovich. Like Pythagoras, he was Greek by birth. "
The main weapon of Harlampy Diogenovich is to make a person funny, to educate with laughter. Nobody wants to be funny.
The teacher revealed to the whole class what the protagonist was hiding from himself: all his cunning actions were dictated by cowardice. And there was nothing to object. The deuce, which he so diligently tried to avoid, would have been just salvation for him, but this was impossible. Better a two than the whole class laugh. "The long-awaited bell, like a funeral bell, cut through the laughter of the whole class."

Year: 1966 Genre: story

Main characters: math teacher and student

The Thirteenth Feat of Hercules by Fazil Iskander was published in 1964. From the very beginning of the work, a certain similarity with the stories of Ancient Greece is visible. The title of the work itself tells the reader that the story will be associated with myths. Everyone knows about the twelve exploits of Hercules, so it is interesting to read what the new feat of Hercules was. In the end, it turns out that this is not at all a feat.

For the main idea works, you can take what, in fact, laughter makes it possible to look at a person from different angles, to see hidden features, helps to admit mistakes so as not to commit them in the future.

Read the summary of Iskander Thirteenth Feat of Hercules

The next academic year is coming, and a new teacher of mathematics Harlampy Diogenovich comes to school. This man immediately stood out among his colleagues, was very serious and intelligent. In his class, an incredible silence and discipline reigned. For a long time, the principal could not get used to the fact that the new teacher could soothe the children and that during the lesson the children are in the classroom.

The class calmed down only at the sight of the teacher at the door of the office, and the silence lasted until the end. Occasionally laughter was heard from the class, it was Kharlampy Diogenovich who sometimes distracted the children with his jokes, laughed himself and amused the children. Once a student was late for his lesson, and Harlampy gave him respect as the main one, made way for him to class, and after that he came up with the nickname "Prince of Wales". Another feature of the teacher was that he did not scold the students and did not call their parents to him.

When the time came to write the test, everyone wrote with their own minds and did not cheat, because they knew that Kharlampy Diogenovich would immediately figure out the deceiver and, in addition, would laugh at him. So, once the storyteller himself became the reason for ridicule. Before one of the next math lessons, he could not solve the problem. The narrator did not manage to cope with the task that was given home, he went to school. There he found out that the other students also did not quite succeed in the problem, and not all of the solution coincided with the answer. This calmed the narrator a little and he forgot about the tasks and went to run and kick the ball.

Before the lesson, the narrator was sure that the smartest student in the class - Sakharov, of course, coped with the task. As it turned out, the boy with whom the narrator was sitting also had a solved problem. Then the lesson began and the narrator was determined that he would be called. But at the beginning of the lesson, when everyone was waiting for the start of the survey, a doctor and a nurse entered the class, they had to find the "A" class, since they had to get vaccinated. The narrator, not at a loss, volunteered to help them find the class, to which the teacher agreed. While seeing off the doctors, he found out that they want to give injections to their class through the lesson, and therefore tells the doctor that he and the class are just about to go to the museum. The narrator ran ahead of the doctor to the office, and found that Shurik Avdeenko was standing near the blackboard trying to solve the problem, but he could not give an explanation. The teacher ordered Shurik to go to his place, and praised Adolf for the correct task.

Soon the doctors came and said that the children needed to be vaccinated and asked the teacher to let them go from the lesson. Avdeenko was the first to go to the procedure. Everything went well, the boy was not afraid, but on the contrary was happy, because instead of the task, he went for an injection. Komarov Adolf turned pale, he was scared, and despite the consolations of a neighbor on the desk, he could not calm down. After the injection, he felt even worse, and the doctors were even forced to give the boy ammonia. The narrator at this time was proud of himself, and boasted that he did not feel pain at all, but this was only boasting. After the vaccinations, the doctors left.

There was still time before the end of the lesson and the teacher decided to tell the children about the exploits of Hercules, and another person who decided to add the thirteenth feat, thereby changing the mythology of Greece. The teacher only explained that the feat was due to cowardice, and for what purpose, he asked the protagonist to tell. And then the teacher calls the boy to the blackboard and asks for an explanation of how he solved his homework. The narrator kept trying to stall for time, but it did not help, on the contrary, he looked ridiculous and funny.

This case positively influenced the student, after which he became more flexible and responsible in the performance of his work. Reasoning, the boy realized that it is bad when a person ceases to be afraid to seem ridiculous. After all, this may not reflect on him in the best way.

"The Thirteenth Feat of Hercules" are the main characters. Thirteenth feat of Hercules Statement of the story 13 feat of Hercules

Characteristics of the characters "The Thirteenth Feat of Hercules"