RISTALISHCHE

Area for gymnastic, equestrian and other competitions lists area for gymnastic, equestrian and other competitions, as well as such competition itself

Ozhegov. Ozhegov's Dictionary of the Russian Language. 2012

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what RISTALISH is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

• RISTALISHCHE in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  (an outdated expression) an area for gymnastics, equestrian and other competitions, as well as ...
• RISTALISHCHE in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
  (among the Greeks ????????????, among the Romans circus) - a place for equestrian competitions on horseback and in chariots: see Hippodrome. The most famous hippodrome in Greece...
• RISTALISHCHE in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  , -a, cf. (old). An area for gymnastics, equestrian and other competitions, as well as the competition itself. II adj. listsical, -aya, ...
• RISTALISHCHE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  RISTALISCH (obsolete), an area for gymnastics, equestrian and other competitions, as well as ...
• RISTALISHCHE in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia:
  (among the Greeks????????????, among the Romans circus) ? a place for equestrian competitions on horseback and in chariots: see Hippodrome. The most famous hippodrome in Greece...
• RISTALISHCHE in the Complete Accented Paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
  rista"lische, rista"lische, rista"lische, rista"lischi, rista"lische, rista"lische, rista"lische, rista"lische, rista"lische, rista"lische, rista"lische, ...
• RISTALISHCHE in the Dictionary for solving and composing scanwords:
  Area for equestrian competitions…
• RISTALISHCHE in Abramov's Dictionary of Synonyms:
  see arena, ...
• RISTALISHCHE in the Russian Synonyms dictionary:
  arena, place, square, ...
• RISTALISHCHE in the New Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
  Wed outdated 1) The area that served as a place for equestrian, gymnastic and other competitions. 2) ...
• RISTALISHCHE in Lopatin’s Dictionary of the Russian Language:
  rist`alishche, ...
• RISTALISHCHE full spelling dictionary Russian language:
  lists,...
• RISTALISHCHE in the Spelling Dictionary:
  rist`alishche, ...
• RISTALISHCHE in Modern explanatory dictionary, TSB:
  (an outdated expression), an area for gymnastics, equestrian and other competitions, as well as ...
• RISTALISHCHE in Ushakov’s Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
  lists, cf. (book trade. outdated). An area that serves as a place for gymnastics, equestrian and other competitions; competition. The other day I went to the horse arena...
• RISTALISHCHE in Ephraim's Explanatory Dictionary:
  lists Wed. outdated 1) The area that served as a place for equestrian, gymnastic and other competitions. 2) ...
• RISTALISHCHE in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
  Wed outdated 1. The area that served as a place for equestrian, gymnastic and other competitions. 2. ...
• RISTALISHCHE in the Large Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
  Wed outdated 1. The area that served as a place for equestrian, gymnastic and other competitions. 2. Just like that...
• UZBEK PROVERBS in Wiki Quote Book:
  Data: 2009-07-27 Time: 11:35:06 * The lasso will be immediately noticed: the souls of the enemy are like cotton wool. * A sick person has no time to talk, a tired person has no time to...
• LAK PROVERBS in Wiki Quotation Book.
• 'HEROD in the Bible Dictionary:
  - a) (Mat.2:1,3,7,12,15,16,19; Luke 1:5) - Herod the Great, second son of the Edomite leader Antipater, head of the family of kings and rulers of the Herods, who ruled in ...
• BIBLE (06) in the Bible Dictionary.
• GAMES in the Bible Encyclopedia of Nikephoros:
  Regarding the games of adolescence, youth and adults, the Bible generally says very little; from this, however, one cannot conclude that the Jewish...

Gym It is mainly located in a separate building, on the ground floor, with an organized separate exit to the open sports ground. Generally accepted school gym design has the following layout: teacher's office, equipment room, 2 locker rooms, 2 shower areas, 2 toilets, the gym itself. All rooms must be located so that students and coaches do not interfere with each other or other areas of the school. Usually there is one hall in the school, but this point can be adjusted depending on the number of students in educational institution. The size of the gym can also be selected based on the calculation of the capacity, taken as 11 sq.m. (and at least 4 m2) per 1 student. In this case, the area of ​​the gym must be at least 140 m2, even if the existing premises are under reconstruction. Area of ​​the gym for group classes on general physical training and ball games should include:

162 sq.m. / 216 m2 (9x18 / 12x18 meters) if the school has 8 – 20 classes;
- 288 sq.m. (12x24 meters) if the school has 20 - 30 classes;
- 2 halls: 144 + 288 sq.m. if the school has 40 classes;
- 2 halls: 144 + 450 m2 with 50 classes in the school.

Gym with an area of ​​144 sq.m. can only be used for physical education in primary school. The requirements for the required size of spaces for sports in schools are determined not just by the standards for organizing sports activities, but also by the optimal volume of air for those involved and safety rules. The height from floor to ceiling depends on the overall dimensions of the space and should be at least 4.8 - 6 meters.

It is advisable to place windows on both long sides of the sports facility. This creates all the conditions for a sufficient level of lighting and helps with ventilation, since you can open the windows and provide through exhaust between lessons. Lighting is combined from natural and artificial sources. The second option is represented by different types of lamps, the lowest illumination is in the range of 100 - 400 lux, depending on the type of sport for which the hall is intended. It is important that the light spreads evenly around the entire perimeter of the room and remains pleasing to the eye, regardless of the time of day. Design of gyms must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 23-05, SP 31-110 and SNiP 3.05.06. Window glass should be equipped with bars and nets to improve safety conditions.

Hall color scheme plays an important role for students, so it is necessary to use only pure contrasting colors, for example: the floor is yellow and the walls are blue; the floor is red-brown, and the walls are green, etc. The selected shades must match the functional purpose of the sports facility. The right combination of colors can simultaneously activate a person without irritating him and keep him in a state of emotional peace. Therefore, red or orange colors are not recommended when decorating a gym for long training sessions, games or competitions.

Air temperature in a sports and recreational indoor facility, during the cold season of the year, it is kept around 18°C ​​with a humidity level of 30 - 60%. Heating and ventilation systems are provided in mandatory in advance and are established taking into account the standards of SNiP 41-01.

Gym floors can be made of or wood. The choice of coating should be made with a precise understanding of the purpose of the sports facility by type of sport. It is recommended to equip school sports gyms with a system thickness of 37 to 39 mm. When buying wooden flooring, it is important to evaluate the shock-absorbing qualities that compensate for the load on the muscles of the ligaments and ankle of those exercising.

Hall equipment should take into account the gender and age characteristics of schoolchildren. It must be maintained in good condition and regularly serviced. Under no circumstances should the premises be allowed to become cluttered with inventory or equipment, as this can greatly increase the risk of more frequent traumatic situations. The design of the elements must comply with environmental and safety standards. The teacher’s arsenal must include both universal, general and highly specialized items: wall bars, balls, parallel bars, jump ropes, mats, gymnastics trestle and/or pommel horse, benches, tennis tables, etc. A variety of elements will make physical education classes more interesting, giving students the opportunity to express themselves in different types sports, and will provide the teacher with a comprehensive approach to comprehensive sports education. A separate room must be prepared for storing unused equipment. Full set of rules and regulations for the design and construction of physical education and sports halls set out in SP 31-112-2004.

Introduction

Gymnastics is the technical basis of many sports; corresponding exercises are included in the training program for representatives of a wide variety of sports disciplines. Gymnastics not only provides certain technical skills, but also develops strength, flexibility, endurance, a sense of balance, and coordination of movements.

Gymnastics (from the Greek “gymnazo” - I teach, train) is a system of bodily (physical) exercises that developed in Ancient Greece many centuries BC - served the purposes of a general comprehensive physical development and improvement. However, there is another, less convincing, version of the origin of this word from the Greek “gymnos” - naked, since the ancients engaged in bodily exercises naked.

There are many types of gymnastics: sports, artistic, hygienic, recreational and others.

This work describes the very history of the emergence of gymnastics as an integral part of human life from ancient times to the present.

History of gymnastics

Gymnastics is a system of bodily exercises aimed at achieving physical harmony by a person. This system was created in Ancient Greece long before the new era. In addition to general physical exercises, horse riding, swimming, and dancing, gymnastics also included public competitions in running, jumping, javelin and discus throwing, wrestling, fist fighting, and chariot riding. All these competitions were part of the competition included in the Olympic Games.

In ancient times, not only the Greeks were familiar with gymnastics. For example, in China and India several thousand years ago, gymnastic exercises were also practiced - mainly in medicinal purposes. Even then, special devices were known, similar to some modern gymnastic apparatus. So, in ancient Rome To teach the basics of horse riding, a certain semblance of the “horse” known to us was used.

Early Christians considered gymnastics a “satanic invention,” opposing the carnal, i.e. its “sinful” beginning - which, first of all, meant the nakedness of athletes - to the spiritual, sublime. In 393, gymnastics was officially banned and only in the 14th century. its revival as a system of physical education began.

At the turn of the 18th - 19th centuries, a movement of philanthropists arose in Germany, in which great attention was paid to the development of physical education. Gerhard Fith, Johann Guts-Muths, and Friedrich Jahn took an active part in this. In German gymnastics, exercises on the horizontal bar, rings, parallel bars and pommel horse were popular. Original gymnastics systems were created by the Frenchman France Amoros, the Swede Per Ling, and the Czech Miroslav Tyrsh. These people made a great contribution to the history of the development of gymnastics.

Gymnastics as a sport

It is known that in 1817, 80 students of F. Amoros held public competitions in Paris, that in Greece, in Athens, starting from 1859, attempts were made more than once to revive the ancient Olympic Games, and competitions were held in many types of physical exercises and gymnastics . It can be assumed that F. Yan’s students tried to measure their strength, compete in performing exercises, and M. Tyrsh’s students - “falcons” - held rallies at which gymnasts demonstrated their successes and, naturally, these successes were somehow compared.

Gymnastics became a recognized sport in 1896, when it was included in the program of the first modern Olympic Games. And since then it has remained their true decoration.

Since the first Olympic Games, the basis of gymnast competitions has been exercises on gymnastic apparatus: pommel horse, rings, parallel bars, horizontal bar and vault, and since 1932 (Los Angeles, USA) also in floor exercises. However, paying tribute to gymnastics - the system of physical education, and depending on the content of gymnastics in the country organizing the Olympic Games, the competition program included additional exercises that served as a versatile physical training - rope climbing, sprinting, high jump, long jump and pole vault , shot put. On Olympic Games the team championship, the all-around championship and the championship in certain species all-around

In the middle of the century, the first indoor gymnasiums appeared in Germany (before that, only open areas operated). Official competitions in artistic gymnastics begin. In the second half of the 19th century. Europe, and later America, are experiencing a real gymnastics boom.

And the next century can rightfully be called the “century of gymnastics.” Although the modern program of gymnastic competitions was not immediately determined. Moreover, they took place in an unusual way. Gymnast competitions were often held outdoors. At first, there were no uniform technical requirements for gymnastic equipment: often national teams came to international competitions with their own “props”.

At first, only men competed on the Olympic gymnastics platform, but in 1928 (Amsterdam, Netherlands) women also competed for the first time. True, they missed the next X Games (1932, Los Angeles, USA), but from the XI Games (1936, Berlin, Germany), they constantly participated in all games. At first, women competed only in the team championship, but from the XV Games (1952, Helsinki, Finland) they also competed in individual all-around competition - vault, uneven bars, beam, floor exercise - and in individual events.

Since the XI Games, the men's competition program has stabilized and accepted modern look- hexathlon: floor exercise, pommel horse, rings, vault, parallel bars, horizontal bar.

Before World War II, gymnasts from Germany, Czechoslovakia, France, Italy, Switzerland, Finland, the USA, Yugoslavia, and Hungary performed more successfully than others. In the 50s, the world gymnastic elite included athletes from the USSR and Japan, later from Romania, China and Bulgaria, and with the collapse of the USSR - representatives from Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.

In modern artistic gymnastics there is a huge number of general developmental and applied exercises for the muscles of the arms, torso and legs, both with and without apparatus. It uses a gymnastic stick, medicine balls, wall bars, rope, pole, rings, crossbar, log, and parallel bars. Gymnastics includes running, walking, jumping over the bar and vaulting: through a goat and horse, overcoming obstacles and relay races.

gymnastics sports olympic game

The shape and size of the top coverings of sports halls can be different - reinforced concrete, reinforced silicate, wood and steel. There are flat and curved floors.

Schools usually use long-span reinforced concrete floors, which can be monolithic or prefabricated, laid on standardized beams or trusses. The constructive solution of coatings is always related to the layout of the room; its choice depends on economic, technical and special requirements. The outer surface of the bottom of the floors (the ceiling of the hall) must be painted in a color that is resistant to ball impacts and not crumble. Glued coatings are increasingly being used for coatings. wooden beams and farms.

To cover arenas that occupy large spaces, folded, cross, vaulted, cable-stayed and other curved floors are used. Their form is dictated by the rules of the competition and the purpose of the premises during its operation.

Floors

According to the design, a hard floor is distinguished (from parquet or paving stones), unequally elastic (from boards or slats), and equally elastic (from the same material, from synthetic materials or cork).

The elasticity of the floor largely depends on the base on which it is placed. Thus, a rigid floor rests on a concrete or cement preparation, an unequally elastic floor rests on one, and an equally elastic floor rests on two lags. In this case, they are placed crosswise, in two tiers.

The floor surface in gyms is made horizontal, smooth, and non-slip. The floor design is chosen depending on the purpose of the hall, but it must always meet the heat-insulating and sound-absorbing requirements.

The payload on the floors of school gyms should be no more than 400 kg/m 2 without taking into account the weight of suspended and installed equipment, and for specialized halls (for example, for weightlifting), the dynamic load is additionally calculated.

The most suitable materials are used to cover floors various materials- rubber base, cork compounds, fibrous masses. Abroad, universal coatings with a polymer base or prefabricated two- and three-layer floor slab structures imitating carpet flooring are widely used.

In cases where the room is intended for athletics exercises, the floor covering is selected according to the type of motor activity, for example, for running exercises - a waterproof polymer or rubber-bitumen coating. In some cases, a coating of special mixtures is constructed for throwing. For dismounts from gymnastic apparatus and landing after jumps, special pits are arranged in the floor of the hall, filled with scraps of foam rubber, which are placed in a net or cover.

Introduction

Gymnastics is one of the main disciplines of higher educational institutions, training specialists in physical culture and sports. Mastery of this discipline is important for a coach-teacher of any sport, since there is not a single sport where gymnastic exercises are not used (as a means of general physical training and physical training, as well as exercises that help to master the technique of the basic movements of a given sport - leading). Gymnastics - one of the oldest sports, including competitions on various gymnastic apparatus, gymnastic benches, as well as floor exercises and vaults.

The following gymnastics rooms are available:
Gyms require auxiliary rooms for equipment, rooms for trainers and teachers, locker rooms (men's and women's), as well as showers and restrooms. They are located so that it is convenient to use them (without going into the common corridor). For storing shells and gymnastic equipment They build a storage room (shell room), which is connected to the hall. The pantry is equipped with special cabinets for storing equipment. The storage area for the hall is 24X12 m - at least 16 sq. m, and for a hall 30X15 m - at least 24 sq. m. The locker rooms are equipped with two-tier lockers (0.3X0.5x0.8 m) for storing things of students, benches, drying cabinets, electric towels, foot washers, universal washbasins, etc.

Hygienic requirements for the use of halls.

The decoration of the hall and its utility rooms should be easy to clean. The walls should not have protrusions or irregularities up to a height of 1 m 75 cm from the floor. They can be painted with oil paint in light colors or upholstered in solid wooden panel. Ceilings are also painted with oil paint in light colors. The floor is made like a deck, smooth, without cracks. Heating appliances are covered with grates level with the plane of the walls. In the training room gymnastics usually maintain a constant temperature (+18-20° Celsius). Air humidity should be within 50-60%.
Ventilation is convenient: natural and artificial (supply and exhaust and heated), providing three air exchanges per hour.
The light area of ​​the windows is at least l/5 of the floor area. Windows should be located at least 1.5 m from the floor. Electric light must be soft and sufficient (150 lux at floor level).
Changing rooms are located next to the hall.
All premises should be cleaned regularly (wet cleaning daily after each lesson and general cleaning - once every 1 - 2 weeks).
Every school needs a physical education classroom equipped with a tape recorder, player, film projector, electric megaphone, stopwatches, as well as various propaganda materials.

Arrangement of gymnastic equipment.

In the gyms of secondary schools, where classes are conducted on games: sports and active, gymnastics, in the absence of conditions for athletics and the constant installation of gymnastic equipment, there can be no question. In addition, the reality is that the gym can be occupied by two classes, and of different ages and passing various sports and pedagogical disciplines. Therefore, the placement of gymnastic equipment should be carried out in compliance with safety zones, when the areas occupied by the equipment do not touch each other, not to mention the fact that they should not overlap each other. Depending on the area of ​​the hall.

The placement of gymnastic equipment in the hall takes into account the nature of the educational process. In the center of the hall it is recommended to place a floor exercise floor measuring 14 X 14 m (for competitions it is 12 X 12 m); along one of the longitudinal walls there is usually a place for vaults; It is customary to place the crossbar in the background in relation to the exit to the hall, and in the foreground there are parallel bars, a gymnastic beam and a horse with handles. The poles and rope are attached to the monorail (parallel to the end wall), and the gymnastic wall is mounted along the end wall or longitudinal. Gymnastic equipment (especially portable ones) should be installed so that they can be conveniently removed (using special carts). The placement of projectiles can be carried out in various ways:

Wall apparatus (low bar, choreographic barre, beam);

With the hall divided into two halves (on one side there are gymnastic equipment, the other is completely free);

Along the perimeter walls of the hall.

Naturally, the larger the size of the hall, the greater the opportunities for simultaneous training in disciplines such as gymnastics, athletics and even elements of basketball and table tennis.

Installation of gymnastic equipment is the attachment of equipment to the floor, wall and ceiling. Installation of fastenings for the crossbar, bars of different heights, in order to avoid interference during sports and outdoor games, should be recessed into the floor at the same level as the floor, that is, not higher and not lower. The braces ensuring the stability of the crossbar and beams of different heights must be well tensioned. The slightest weakening of them will lead to oscillatory movements of the racks and their possible exit from the installation site. In this case, a fall from the projectile is inevitable, resulting in severe injuries and even death.

Parallel bars are not attached to the floor, since their mass provides them with solid stability. However, due to the different heights and weights of students, during even one lesson, it becomes necessary to adjust the height and width of the poles. Here you also need to know your rules for adjusting them:

When adjusting the width of the poles, you need to stand on the side of the ends of one pole (preferably from the outside), grab the pole from below with one hand, slightly unscrew the screws located on the pole posts with the other hand and hit them with your palm. Then, without releasing the pole with the other hand, turn the knee, located directly under the pole, inward or outward, depending on the student’s size. Then tighten the screws all the way.

When adjusting the height of the poles, you must take the same starting position as when adjusting the distance between the poles, perform the same steps to loosen the clamps, then raise the round glass to a height equal to half of its full stroke, while holding the pole from falling down. raise or lower the pole to the desired height and lower the glass.

Typical hazardous situations when adjusting the height of the poles:

- the head is exactly under the pole. As a result, the pole may fall on your head.

- the pole is not fixed by hand. Unplanned pole fall.

- grab the rod with your hand(the metal rod to which the pole is attached). When the pole is lowered sharply, the hand may become pinched between the rod and the stand where the rod is inserted

- unscrew the screws to the limit. The locking cams fly out of the socket. The pole may fall.

- the actions of adjusting the height and width of the poles are confused.

Bibliography

1. Arakelyan O.G., Karmanova L.V. Daily physical exercise V senior group kindergarten. Armenian SSR, 1999 – 145 pp., ill.

2. Baranov V.A., Vengkinsky T.P., Stolyar K.E. Theory and practice physical culture at the university. – M.: RGTEU, 2004, – 104 p.